Methodological Tool

Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electr

Version: 02

Project Title: Project 00.1.B.

Project Commissioning Date:

Developers:
Other 1:
Other 2:
ogical Tool
kage emissions from electricity consumption
rsion: 02
 Methodological Tool
Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electr
Version: 02
Project 00.1.B.

Generic approach

Data.
To calculate emissions from electricity consumption, the following data are required [MWh year

ECPJ,j,y Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity consu

ECBL,k,y Quantity of electricity that would be consumed by the baseline

ECLE,l,y Net increase in electricity consumption of source l in year y as

In addition, it is necessary
TDL(j, o l, o k),y Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing electricity to source j,

TDLj,y Sources of electricity consumption in the project

TDLk,y Sources of electricity consumption in the baseline
TDLl,y Leakage sources of electricity consumption

Electricity consumption from the grid. The electricity is pur

or
Define Scenarios Electricity consumption from (an) off-grid fossil fuel fired ca
or
Electricity consumption from the grid and (a) fossil fuel fire

Results.
Emissions from consumption of electricity are calculated based on the quantity of electricity con

A1 A2 B1 B2
EFELj,y ___ ______ ___

EFELl,y ___ ______ ___

EFELk,y ___ ______ ___

In the generic approach, the result is project, baseline and leakage emissions from consumption of elect
 PEEC,y Project emissions from electricity consumption in year y

BEEC,y Baseline emissions from electricity consumption in year y

LEEC,y Leakage emissions from electricity consumption in year y

In the generic approach, project, baseline and leakage emissions from consumption of electricity are cal

PEEC,y= EC PJ,j,yEFEL,j,y(1+TDL j,y ) BE EC,y = ECBL,k,yEFEL,k,y( 1+ TD

j k

Where: PEEC,y = Project emissions from electricity consumption in year

BEEC,y = Baseline emissions from electricity consumption in year
LEEC,y = Leakage emissions from electricity consumption in year
ECPJ,j,y = Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity c
ECBL,k,y = Quantity of electricity that would be consumed by the base
ECLE,l,y = Net increase in electricity consumption of source l in year y
EFEL,j,y = Emission factor for electricity generation for source
EFEL,k,y = Emission factor for electricity generation for source
EFEL,l,y = Emission factor for electricity generation for source
TDLj,y = Average technical transmission and distribution losses for p
TDLk,y = Average technical transmission and distribution losses for p
TDLl,y = Average technical transmission and distribution losses for p
j= Sources of electricity consumption in the project
k= Sources of electricity consumption in the baseline
l= Leakage sources of electricity consumption
The results are:

PEEC,y 0

BEEC,y 0

LEEC,y 0

Alternative approach

Data.
To calculate emissions from electricity consumption, the following data are required:

PPCP,j Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the p

PPCP,l Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the le

The results are:

PEEC,y 0

LEEC,y 0
ological Tool
sions from electricity consumption
Version: 02

e required [MWh year] by this tool

e project electricity consumption source j in year y

nsumed by the baseline electricity consumption source k in year y

of source l in year y as a result of leakage[2]

g electricity to source j, l o k in year y

id. The electricity is purchased from the grid only

ff-grid fossil fuel fired captive power plant(s).

id and (a) fossil fuel fired captive power plant(s).

antity of electricity consumed, and emission factor for electricity generation

B1 (cogeneration)
______

______

______

om consumption of electricity
tion of electricity are calculated as follows:

EFEL,k,y( 1+ TDLk,y ) LE EC,y= ECLE,l,yEFEL,l,y(1+TDL l,y )

l

onsumption in year y (tCO2/yr)

consumption in year y (tCO2/yr)
consumption in year y (tCO2/yr)
y the project electricity consumption source j in year y (MWh/yr)
e consumed by the baseline electricity consumption source k in year y (MWh/yr)
tion of source l in year y as a result of leakage2 (MWh/yr)
ration for source j in year y (tCO2/MWh)
ration for source k in year y (tCO2/MWh)
ration for source l in year y (tCO2/MWh)
distribution losses for providing electricity to source j in year y
distribution losses for providing electricity to source k in year y
distribution losses for providing electricity to source l in year y
in the project
in the baseline

e required:

ant(s) that provide the project electricity consumption source(s) j with electricity (MW)

ant(s) that provide the leakage electricity consumption source(s) l with electricity (MW)
( 1+TDL l,y )

ctricity (MW)

ctricity (MW)
 Methodological Tool
Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption
Version: 01
Project 00.1.B.

For Generic approach

These Data are required.

ECPJ,j,y 0 Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity consumption source j in year y
ECBL,k,y 0 Quantity of electricity that would be consumed by the baseline electricity consumption source k in year y
ECLE,l,y 0 Net increase in electricity consumption of source l in year y as a result of leakage[2]

TDL(j, o l, o k),y Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing electricity to source j, l o k in year y
TDLj,y 0 Sources of electricity consumption in the project
TDLk,y 0 Sources of electricity consumption in the baseline
TDLl,y 0 Leakage sources of electricity consumption

The tool is only applicable if one out of the following three scenarios applies to the sources of electricity consumption:

Generic approach, project, baseline and leakage emissions

Scenario A Electricity consumption from the grid. The electricity is purchased from the grid only. Either no
from consumption of electricity are calculated based on
captive power plant is installed at the site of electricity consumption or, if any on-site captive power plant exits, it
the quantity of electricity consumed, an emission factor for
is not operating or it can physically not provide electricity to the source of electricity consumption.
electricity generation and a factor to account for
transmission losses:

Electricity consumption from (an) off-grid fossil fuel fired captive power plant(s). One or more fossil
Scenario B
fuel fired captive power plants are installed at the site of the electricity consumption source and supply the
source with electricity. The captive power plant(s) is/are not connected to the electricity grid.
For afirmative click here Alternative approach; the electricity consumption source is
a project or leakage source:

Electricity consumption from the grid and (a) fossil fuel fired captive power plant(s). One or more
Scenario C
fossil fuel fired captive power plants operate at the site of the electricity consumption source. The captive power
plant(s) can provide electricity to the electricity consumption source. The captive power plant(s) is/are also
connected to the electricity grid. Hence, the electricity consumption source can be provided with electricity from
the captive power plant(s) and the grid.

For Alternative approach

The following is required:
Scenario B must apply
PPCP,j 0 Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the project electricity consumption
source(s) j with electricity (MW)
PPCP,l 0 Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the leakage electricity consumption
source(s) l with electricity (MW)
 Project 00.1.B.

Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption
Version: 02

Scenario A: Electricity consumption from the grid. The electricity is purchased from the grid only. Either no captive power plant is installed at the site of electricity
consumption or, if any on-site captive power plant exits, it is not operating or it can physically not provide electricity to the source of electricity consumption.

Option A1 Calculate the combined margin emission factor of the applicable electricity system, using the procedures in the latest approved version of the
Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system (EFEL,j/k/l,y = EFgrid,CM,y).

The Emission Factor for an electricity system (EFEL,j/k/l,y) is: tCO2/MWh

[MWh year]
Option A2 Specify ECPJ,j,y 0 Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity consumption source j in year y.
ECBL,k,y 0 Quantity of electricity that would be consumed by the baseline electricity consumption source k in year y.
ECLE,l,y 0 Net increase in electricity consumption of source l in year y as a result of leakage

The Emission Factor for an electricity system (EFEL,j/k/l,y) is: tCO2/MWh ___

The hydro power plants constitute less than 50% of total grid generation in For yes, click here
1) average of the five most recent years, or For no, click here
2) based on long-term averages for hydroelectricity production?

The Emission Factor for an electricity system (EFEL,j/k/l,y) is: tCO2/MWh

 Project 00.1.B.

Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption
Version: 02
Scenario B: Electricity consumption from (an) off-grid fossil fuel fired captive power plant(s). One or more fossil fuel fired captive power plants are installed at the site of the electricity consumption
source and supply the source with electricity. The captive power plant(s) is/are not connected to the electricity grid.

Option B1 The emission factor for electricity generation is determined based on the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and the electricity generation in the captive power plant(s) installed at
the site of the electricity consumption source

[MWh year]
Specify ECPJ,j,y 0 Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity c onsumption source j in year y.
ECBL,k,y 0 Quantity of electricity that would be consumed by the baseline electricity consumption source k in year y.
Choose ECLE,l,y 0 Net increase in electricity consumption of source l in year y as a result of leakage
yes
no In the captive plants, are there cogeneration plants? yes
In case of plants that co-generate heat and power (cogeneration plants):
The source of electricity consumption is a project or leakage electricity consumption source but not a baseline electricity consumption
consumption source, project participant may ignore the heat generation

For consideration of heat generation

In case where none of the captive power plants is a cogeneration plant or where the heat generation is ignored (subject to the conditions outlined above),
So, the projects participants must def ine t
1.- The monitored period (e.g., the year y) for
a.- Project and leakage electricity consumption sources;
b.- Baseline electricity consumption sources if existing or new captive power plant(s) are operated during the monitored period at the site
of the baseline or leakage electricity consumption source

2.- The most recent historical three years prior to the implementation of the project activity for baseline electricity consumption sources
if no captive power plant is operated during the monitored period at the site of the baseline or leakage electricity consumption source.
data to be completed
So, the projects participants must provide information about
Generation's Fuels amount_fuel_type Net_Caloric_Value Emission_Factor
(max 6 type) Year Fossil_Fuel_Type Fuel_unit Symbol FC n ,i ,t NCVi ,t EF CO2 ,i Source
[unit] [GJ/Units] [tCO2/GJ] of data

The average CO2 emission f actor of the fossil fuels fired in the captive power plant n (EFC O2, n,t) is determined as follows:
One single fuel type since their start of operation, use the CO2 emission factor of that fuel type (EFCO2,n,t = EFCO2,i);
Multiple fuel types since their start of operation, choose among the following options
a.- Use the fuel type with the highest or lowest whatever is more conservative fossil fuel CO2 emission factor (EFCO2,i,t) among the fuel types that have been used in the period from three years
prior to the start of the project activity or the start of the project activity whatever is earlier until the end of the monitored period in question;
b.- Calcu late an a verage CO2 emi ssio n factor for the p erio d t, p rovi ded th at th e decisi on on th e fuel mix is outsid e the con tr ol of the project parti ci pan ts (e .g ., in the case of leaka ge ele ctr icity
consumption sources or in cases where the fuel mix is fixed through mandatory regulations or determined by a centralized dispatch authority, as follows in equation 6
c.- Calculate the average CO2 emission factor, as per equation (6) above, for (a) the period of the most recent three years prior to the
implementation of the project activity and for (b) the monitored period in question, and use the value that is more conservative.

Equation 6 FC n,i,t NCV i,t EF C O2,i,t

i
EF CO 2, n,t =
FC n, i,t NCV i,t
i

Where:
EFC O2, n,t = Average CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuels fired in the captive power plant n in the time period t (tCO2 / GJ)
FCn,i,t = Quantity of fossil fuel type i fired in the captive power plant n in the time period t (mass or volume unit)
NCVi, t = Average net calorific value of f ossil fuel type i used in the period t
(GJ / mass or volume unit)
EFC O2, i, t = CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i used in the time period t (tCO2 / GJ)
i = Are the f ossil fuel types fired in captive power plant n in the time period t
n = Fossil fuel fired captive power plants installed at the site of the electricity consumption source j, k or l
t = Time period for which the emission factor for electricity generation is determined (see further guidance below)

Please choose
choose
Option a.- For Project and Leakage calculation EFCO2,n,t = max(EFCO2,i) = 0.0000 [tCO2/GJ]
Option b.- For Baseline calculation EFCO2,n,t = min(EFCO2,i) = 0.0000 [tCO2/GJ]
Option c.- EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ]

EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ]

For Project and Leakage calculation EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ] EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ]
For Baseline calculation #DIV/0!

The emission factor of the captive power plant(s) is calculated as follows:

FCn, i,t NCVi ,t EFC O2,i,t

n i
EF EL,j /k /l,y =
E Gn,t
n

Where:
EFEL, j/k/l,y = Emission factor for electricity generation for source j, k or l in year y (tCO2/MWh)
FCn,i,t = Quantity of fossil fuel type i fired in the captive power plant n in the time period t (mass or volume unit)
NCVi, t = Average net calorific value of f ossil fuel type i used in the period t (GJ / mass or volume unit)
EFC O2, i, t = Average CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i used in the period t (tCO2 / GJ)
EGn, t = Quantity of electricity generated in captive power plant n in the time period t (MWh)
i = are the fossil fuel types fired in captive power plant n in the time period t
j = Sources of electricity consumption in the project
k = Sources of electricity consumption in the baseline
l = Leakage sources of electricity consumption
n = Fossil fuel fired captive power plants installed at the site of the electricity consumption source j, k or l
t = Time period for which the emission factor for electricity generation is determined (see further guidance below)

Amount of Generation
unit_number amount_electricity amount_fuel_type Net_Caloric_Value Emission_Factor
year n unit_name EG n ,t FCn ,i ,t NCV i,t E FCO2 ,i ,t| fo r j a n d l EF CO2 ,i ,t|f or k

[MWh] [unit] [GJ/Units] [tCO2/GJ]

0.00 0.00
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0

The Emission Factor for electricity generation (EFEL,j/l,y) is: tCO2/MWh ______
The Emission Factor for electricity generation (EFELk,y) is: tCO2/MWh ______

[MWh year]
Option B2 ECPJ,j,y 0 Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity c onsumption source j in year y.
ECBL,k,y 0 Quantity of electricity that would be consumed by the baseline electricity consumption source k in year y.
ECLE,l,y 0 Net increase in electricity consumption of source l in year y as a result of leakage

The Emission Factor for an electricity system (EFEL,j/k/l,y) is: tCO2/MWh ___

(a) The el ectricity consu mption so urce is a pro ject or lea kage e lectrici ty con sump ti on sou rce; o r
(b) The el ectricity consu mption so urce is a ba seli ne el ectricity consu mption source ; an d th e ele ctri city
con sumptio n of a ll ba seli ne el ectricity consu mptio ns source s a t the site of th e captive p owe r p lan t(s) is le ss
than the e lectrici ty con sumptio n of a ll pro ject ele ctricity consu mption so urces at th e site of the ca ptive
po wer pl ant(s).
((a) The el ectricity consu mption so urce is a ba seli ne el ectricity cons umptio n source ; or
(b) The el ectricity consu mption so urce is a pro ject ele ctri city co nsump tion so urce an d th e ele ctri city
con sumptio n of a ll ba seli ne el ectricity con sumptio ns source s a t the site of th e captive p owe r p lan t(s) is
gre ater th an the el ectricity consu mption of a ll pro ject ele ctri city co nsump ti on sou rces at the si te o f the
cap ti ve pow er pla nt(s)

Option B3
Project or leakage emissions from consumption of electricity are determined by calculating the CO2 emissions from all fuel combustion in the captive power
plant. These emissions should be calculated using the latest approved version of the Tool to calculate project or leakage CO2 emissions from fossil fuel
combustion.

The Emission Factor for an electricity system (EFEL,j/k/l,y) is: tCO2/MWh

Pro ject or lea kage e missio ns fro m co nsump ti on of ele ctri city a re deter mine d base d on the rated ca paci ty of th e captive p owe r p lan t(s), assumi ng , as a very con servative
Option B4 si mpli fi cation , an e missio n fa cto r o f 1.3 tCO2/MWh a nd an o pera ti on o f 8,76 0 hou rs p er year at th e rated cap acity.

Please complete: PPCP,j 0 Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the project electricity consumption source(s) j with electricity (MW)
PPCP,l 0 Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the leakage electricity consumption source(s) l with electricity (MW)

tCO2
PE EC,j ,y =11,400 *P PCP,j
MW

tCO2
LEEC, l,y =11,400 *PP CP, l
MW
Where:
PEEC,j,y = Project emissions from electricity consumption by source(s) j in year y (tCO2 / yr)
LEE C,l,y = Leakage emissions from electricity consumption by source(s) l in year y (tCO2 / yr)
PPCP,j = Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the project electricity consumption source(s) j with electricity (MW)
PPCP,l = Rated capacity of the captive power plant(s) that provide the leakage electricity consumption source(s) l with electricity (MW)
j = Project electricity consumption sources that are supplied with power from captive power plant(s) installed at one site
l = Leakage electricity consumption sources that are supplied with power from captive power plant(s) installed at one site

Option B1 The emission factor for electricity generation is determined based on the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and the electricity generation in the captive power plant(s) installed at
with cogeneration the site of the electricity consumption source. In this case the captive power plant is a cogeneration plant or where the heat generation is not ignored

[MWh year]
Specify ECPJ,j,y 0 Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity c onsumption source j in year y.
ECBL,k,y 0 Quantity of electricity that would be consumed by the baseline electricity consumption source k in year y.
ECLE,l,y 0 Net increase in electricity consumption of source l in year y as a result of leakage
In case where the captive power plant is a cogeneration plant or where the heat generation is not ignored
So, the projects participants must def ine t
1.- The monitored period (e.g., the year y) for
a.- Project and leakage electricity consumption sources;
b.- Baseline electricity consumption sources if existing or new captive power plant(s) are operated during the monitored period at the site
of the baseline or leakage electricity consumption source

2.- The most recent historical three years prior to the implementation of the project activity for baseline electricity consumption sources
if no captive power plant is operated during the monitored period at the site of the baseline or leakage electricity consumption source.
data to be completed
So, the projects participants must provide information about
Generation's Fuels amount_fuel_type Net_Caloric_Value Emission_Factor
(max 6 type) Year Fossil_Fuel_Type Fuel_unit Symbol FC n ,i ,t NCVi ,t EF CO2 ,i Source
[unit] [GJ/Units] [tCO2/GJ] of data

The average CO2 emission f actor of the fossil fuels fired in the captive power plant n (EFC O2, n,t) is determined as follows:
One single fuel type since their start of operation, use the CO2 emission factor of that fuel type (EFCO2,n,t = EFCO2,i);
Multiple fuel types since their start of operation, choose among the following options
a.- Use the fuel type with the highest or lowest whatever is more conservative fossil fuel CO2 emission factor (EFCO2,i,t) among the fuel types that have been used in the period from three years
prior to the start of the project activity or the start of the project activity whatever is earlier until the end of the monitored period in question;
b.- Calculate an average CO2 emission factor for the period t, provided that the decision on the fuel mix is outside the control of the project participants (e.g., in the case of leakage electricity
consumption sources or in cases where the fuel mix is fixed through mandatory regulations or determined by a centralized dispatch authority, as follows in equation 6
c.- Calculate the average CO2 emission factor, as per equation (6) above, for (a) the period of the most recent three years prior to the
implementation of the project activity and for (b) the monitored period in question, and use the value that is more conservative.

Equation 6
FC n,i,t NCV i,t EF C O2,i,t
i
EF CO 2, n,t =
FC n, i,t NCV i,t
i

Where:
EFC O2, n,t = Average CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuels fired in the captive power plant n in the time period t (tCO2 / GJ)
FCn,i,t = Quantity of fossil fuel type i fired in the captive power plant n in the time period t (mass or volume unit)
NCVi, t = Average net calorific value of f ossil fuel type i used in the period t (GJ / mass or volume unit)
EFC O2, i, t = CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i used in the time period t (tCO2 / GJ)
i = Are the f ossil fuel types fired in captive power plant n in the time period t
n = Fossil fuel fired captive power plants installed at the site of the electricity consumption source j, k or l
t = Time period for which the emission factor for electricity generation is determined (see further guidance below)
 Please choose
choose
Option a.- For Project and Leakage calculation EFCO2,n,t = max(EFCO2,i) = 0.0000 [tCO2/GJ]
Option b.- For Baseline calculation EFCO2,n,t = min(EFCO2,i) = 0.0000 [tCO2/GJ]
Option c.- EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ]

EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ]

For Project and Leakage calculation EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ] EFCO2,n,t = #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ]
For Baseline calculation #DIV/0! [tCO2/GJ]

The emission factor of the captive power plant(s) where heat generation is calculated as follows:

E FEL,j /k/ l,y =

n
[
( FCn, i,t N CVi ,t ) HG
i
n, t

boil er
]
E FCO2, n,t

EG n,t
n

Where:
EFEL, j/k/l,y = Emission factor for electricity generation for source j, k or l in year y (tCO2/MWh)
FCn,i,t = Quantity of fossil fuel type i fired in the captive power plant n in the time period t (mass or volume unit)
NCVi, t = Average net calorific value of f ossil fuel type i used in the period t (GJ / mass or volume unit)
HGn,t = Quantity of heat co-generated in captive power plant n in the time period t (GJ)
boiler = Efficiency of the boiler in which heat is assumed to be generated in the absence of a cogeneration plant
EFC O2, n,t = Average CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuels fired in the captive power plant n in the time period t (tCO2 / GJ)
EGn, t = Quantity of electricity generated in captive power plant n in the time period t (MWh)
i = are the fossil fuel types fired in captive power plant n in the time period t
j = Sources of electricity consumption in the project
k = Sources of electricity consumption in the baseline
l = Leakage sources of electricity consumption

The Project Participant must define:

unit_number amount_electricity amount_fuel_type Net_Caloric_Value Emission_Factor
HGn,t [GJ] year n unit_name EG n,t FCn ,i ,t NCV i, t E FCO2 ,i ,t| fo r j a n d l EF CO2 ,i ,t|f or k (HGn,t/boiler)
boiler [MWh] [unit] [GJ/Units] [tCO2/GJ]
0.00 0.00
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0

The Emission Factor for electricity generation (EFEL,j/l,y) is: tCO2/MWh ______
The Emission Factor for electricity generation (EFELk,y) is: ______
 Project 00.1.B.

Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption
Version: 02
Scenario C: Electricity consumption from the grid and (a) fossil fuel fired captive power plant(s). One or more fossil fuel fired captive power plants operate
at the site of the electricity consumption source. The captive power plant(s) can provide electricity to the electricity consumption source. The captive power plant(s)
is/are also connected to the electricity grid. Hence, the electricity consumption source can be provided with electricity from the captive power plant(s) and the grid.

Option C1 Grid electricity. The implementation of the project activity only affects the quantity of electricity that is supplied from the grid and not the
operation of the captive power plant

Option C2 Electricity from captive power plant(s). The implementation of the project activity is clearly demonstrated to only affect the quantity of
electricity that is generated in the captive power plant(s) and does not affect the quantity of electricity supplied from the grid.

Option C3 Electricity from both the grid and captive power plant(s). The implementation of the project activity may affect both the quantity of
electricity that is generated in the captive power plant(s) and the quantity of electricity supplied from the grid.