Beggs-Curvas de Gradiente

Appendix Pressure Traverse Curves
These pressure traverse (gradient) curves are included Horizontal Curves

for making estimates of pressure drops occurring in both
vertical and horizontal pipes in which two-phases are The horizontal curves were prepared for 100% oil
flowing. The accuracy of the values obtained from these flowing.
CUIVes wll decrease as the actual conditions diverge from
the conditions used to prepare the curves. Pipe 1.0., in. Liquid Rates, STBlday
2.0 100-2000
Vertical Curves 2.5 100-3000
3.0 400-10000
The vertical curves were prepared for water cuts of 3.5 600-10000
100%,50%, and 0%. 4.0 800-10000
5.0 5000-10000
Tubing 0.0., Tubing !.D., Liquid Rates,
6.0 5000-10000
in. in. STBlday
2-3/8 1.995 50-1500
2-7/8 2.441 100-3000
3-1/2 2.992 300-6000
4-1/2 3.958 500-10000
197
198 Production Optimization Using Nadal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
O
1
tt++t-j ++Htttittttt ltl=ti=tttttt
TUBING SIZE, IN.: 1.995
2 LIQUIO RATE, STBL/o: 50
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
7
,
8
,..
.
o
9
o
~ 10
:t:
~1l
""' 12
,
13
14 ,
,
15
16
17
18
-
19
20 LW_J2LL_
'I~--~
= :::'.-
-:-.:. _. _ _
Pressure Traverse Curves 199
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
H -j t-H-I t-H-f 1:t=ltl-I:t-ttJltml-tm
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 50
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 1.07
AVERAGE FLOWING. TEMP.,F: 150
5
.."'
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
!i:ll
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
200 Production Optimiza/ion Using Nodal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
O
1
nli#itfJI~M
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
;: 10
'i":ll
''"" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: iDO
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.....
o
9
o
~ 10
,
o::
!i:ll
'"
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
202 Production Optimiza/ion Using Noda' Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 1.07
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
o::
~11
''""
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.: 1.995.
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVIT~: 35
4
5
E<
r.. 9
o
o
;: 10
'"
!;;1l
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
204 Production Optimization Using Noda/ Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 B 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
o
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-< 9
'ee"
;: 10
'f;:1l
"
"''"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
1
2
LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 200
WATER FRACTIDN: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
o
..
8 9
o
;: 10
'~"ll
"'e
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
206 Production Optimization Using Nada! Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN. : 1.995
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL!D: 200
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1. 07
5
.
o<
o
9
o
;: 10
'"
!i:.ll
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 . - .
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION:
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY, 35
5
7
,
8
... 9
o
o
;: 10
"'
!l:11
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
208 Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36,
1
TUBING SIZE, IN o,: 1. 995
WATER FRACTION: 05
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 1007
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMPo,F: 150
5
.....
o
9
o
;: 10
.,'"
!i:ll
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.: 1. 995
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
DIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE FLDWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
.... 9
o
o
;: 10
o::
~11
"'
e
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
210 Production Optimiza/ion Using Nadal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN. : 1. 995
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
....
o
9
o
;: 10
"'
!i:ll
"'"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 -
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
DIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 1.07
5
.
E-<
o
9
o
::: 10
'"
!i:ll
'e"l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
2 LIQUIO RATE, STBL/O: 400
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE,FLOWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
'o..."' 9
o
~ 10
'"
!i:ll
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.: 1.99S
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: sao
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
o
..,.. 9
o
~ 10
tI:
.,~1l
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
214 Production Optirnization Using Nodal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
o
1
tltl1tt~tjjjjlJjt~ -mM
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
'!";;1l
'"
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36' 40 44 48 52 56
1
I+H-fl:t:ltmtiJlt+Htrr
TUBING SIZE, IN.: L 99S
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: SOO
--ti\' WATER FRACTION: O

3
GAS GRAVITY: 0,65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY' 1.07
5
E< 9
r..
o
o
~ 10
.,'i":ll
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
216 Production Optimization Using Noda! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
H tlH -H-I:t UtttutlJtltttlf111
TUBING SIZE, IN.: lo 995
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8'
..
8
o
9
o
~ 10
'a": 11
"'
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGEFLOWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
;: 10
'"
!;;11
"'
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
218 Production Optirnization Using Nadal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
+H+H+l-H IH+UIH,IHtllttH
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: BOO
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
I
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
"'
!;:11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY:"35
5
."'
o
9
o
;: 10
'.,!"i:11
a
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
....
o
9
o
;: 10
.,'"
;:11
Cl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20- 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
- -/--Ht+H IJItttttm$
3 11 WATER FRACTIQN:
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65

O
OIL API GRAVITY: 35

5
I
E-<
r.. 9
o
o
~ 10
o::
fi:ll ~
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
222 Production Optimiza/ion Using Noda! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
H-H+
-H IH+HttHIi:lttlfJI L
WATER FRACTION: 1
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65

OIL API GRAVITY: 35
7
,
8
.-.. 9
o
o
~ ..
~ 10
'"
!i:ll
"'e
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
- - ----
19
20 ~: :-mlf'kLI:-.:
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 48 52 56
1
2 LIQUIO RATE, STBL/O: BOa
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY:.l.07
5
.
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
"'
;:11
'"
o
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.. 9
o
o
~ 10
o:
!;;11
"'"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
-H HH H-H"IJ-I-H Ilttl-ltli-liJi!
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
8
o
9
o
~ 10
'~11
"
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 " - __Ul-LL.LI-t_LH_<lI.-\!.LL-"l-.l'>l_Ll'J
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP"F: 150
5
.. 9
o'"'
o
;:: 10
'"
!i:ll
'"
Cl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16. 20 24 28 32 36
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
'4 OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
9
'"
o
o
;: 10
"'~11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
228 Production Optimiza/ion Using Nada! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 6 12 16 20 24 26 32 36 40 44 46 52 56
eI-!-I--+--J.-I-I--H-j-I" -H-I-II-I--111 IH+ttlit
t-t+H-!-t-t-H-I+H-j (.j f-I-IITfT{t-lJ'LJ.
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.:1.99S
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
,.. 9
'"'"
~ 10
c::
'-:11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.: 1. 995 .
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
... 9
o
o
;: 10
'"
1.:11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44
o
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL!D: OOO
WATER FRACTION: a
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F, 150
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
'~"11
Q
"'
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
. TUBING SIZE, IN.: 1. 995
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
"o.. 9
o
~10
o::
!i:ll
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY:. 1.07
5
..
<
o
9
o
~ 10
.,'"
;:11
e
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
8 9
o""
o
;: 10
'~"11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
234 Production Optimization Using Noda/ Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 6 12 16 20 24 26 32 36 40 44 46 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY' 1.07
5
E-< 9
'oo"
;: 10
,
'"f;;11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 2B 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
:H-I~Hjl+ltljjttttthHH IIJI-I
WATER FRACTION: .S
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
E-<
o
9
o.
~ 10
.,"'
';11
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 ,16 20 24 28 32 36' 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE FLQWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
.
<
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
!i:u
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY:. 1.07
5
..
8
o
9
o
::: 10
.,'t";::11
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
-1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY,. 1.07
5
"..
r.. 9
o
o
;: 10
"'
!;:11
"''"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
o
.... 9
o
~ 10
'"
i:ll
""
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
240 Praduction Optimizatian Using Nodal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 2B 32 36 40 44 4B 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
....
o
9
o
;: 10
ti:
.,li:ll
'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
lB
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

-Q O 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY,. 1.07
5
,.. 9
'"
o
o
~ 10
"
1;:11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-<
r.. 9
o
o
~ 10
:x:
!;:11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

00. 4 8 12 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
&<
o
9
o
;: 10
,
.,'i.::ll
Q
"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.... 9
o
o
;: 10
o:
a: 11
'"
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
2
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
..
<
o
9
o
~ 10
o:
~11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
8
o
9
o
;: 10
'"
1;:11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52. 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY:35
4 WATER SPEC!FIC GRAVITY,. 1.07
5
.
.,
o
9
o
;: 10
"'
;:11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 .40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
;: 10
'"
1;:11
"'"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
,..
r.. 9
o
o
~ 10
'a:" 11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
8
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
!i:11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.:2.441
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
... 9
o
o
;: 10
'"
1;:11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
o
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
... 9
o
o
~ 10
,
o:
~11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Pressure Traverse Cur,es 253
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
2 LIQUIO RATE, STBL!O: 700
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE.FLOWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
....
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
!i:u
''"" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
O
1
WATER FRACTIDN: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
DIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
!i:11
'c"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
O
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1. 07
5
..,..
o
9
o
;: 10
'"
!i:ll
'"
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 .. - - ..
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
o
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
:c
!;;11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
'.."
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
!i:ll
"'el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
O
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
o<
o
9
o
~ 10
a:
!i:ll
.,
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 _. - --
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20. 24 28 32 36
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
<
o
9
o
~ 10
o: -
!;;11
"'
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
260 Production Optimization Using Nada! Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
o
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-< 9
o'"
o
::: 10
'~11
"
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Pressure Troverse Curves 261
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OXL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
.8
... 9
o
o
~ 10
';;U
"
"'
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
.AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
8 9
'"
o
o
~ 10
o:
li:ll
'"
Cl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35 .
5
.....
o
9
o
~ 10
"'
!;:11
'e"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
7
,
8
..
9
o
o
~ 10
:e
;;11
.,
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

o 4 B 12 16 20 24 2B 32 36 40 44 4B 52 56
1
2 LIQUID RATE, -STBL/D: 1200
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE FLQWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
9
'oo"
~ 10
"'
;;11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
lB
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oo 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-< 9
.,
o
o
~ 10
'"
l;:11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/O: 1500
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
4 OIL API GRAVITY: 35 .
5
E-< 9
'"
"
"~ 10
:c
!i:1l
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Production Optirnization Using Nadal Analysis
268
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
oO 4
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
;: 10
"'~11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
---t.--
- -j-
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SI ZE, IN.: 1. 995
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.... 9
o
o
~ 10
"~ 11
'"
Cl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
270 Production Optimizatan Using Nodal Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.... 9
o
o
~10
'5"::11
Q
"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
;: 10
'f";:11
'"
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
272 Production Optimization Us;ng Nodal Ana(vsis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY; 1.07
5
....
o
9
o
~ 10
'~"1l
fil
Cl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
7
,
8
....
o
9
o
~ 10
'~"11
'"
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
.."" 9
o
o
~ 10
"'~11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY:_ 1.07
5
o
..
E-< 9
o
;: 10
"'
!;:11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
276 Production Optimization Using Noda! Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
4 OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
f 9
o
o
~ 10
:I:
;:11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

o 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
4 OIL.API GRAVITY: 35
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 1.07
5
&< 9
'o"
o
~ 10
!"i:ll
"'o
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
o
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
....
o
9
o
~ 10
o:
f;:11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
.... 9
o
o
~10
'"
i:ll
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 6 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 46 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
...E-< 9
o
o
~ 10
'"
I;:il
'O"
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E< 9
'oo"
~ 10
,
'"
;;11
'"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
...". 9
o
o
~10
'"
1;;11
'"
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: SOO
WATER FRACTION: .S
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY; 1.07
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
::: 10
'"
!i:ll
"'a
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
284 Produclion Optimiza/ion Using Noda/ Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
oO 4
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
'~ll
"
'"
Cl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 7DO
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
5
E-< 9
'"'
o
o
~ 10
,
'"f;:11
"'e
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY,- 1.07
5
.
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
.,"'oa: 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Pressure Troverse Curves 287
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTIDN: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
DIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
E-<
r.. 9
o
o
~ 10
'~11
"
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
288 Production Optimization Using Nada! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.... 9
o
o
~ 10
tI:
.,!i;1l
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
8
o
9
o
~ 10
,
:z:
~11
"'
",.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 . 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-<
r.. 9
o
o
~ 10
:z:
!l:11
'e"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 6 12 16 20 24 26 32 36 40 44 46 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
...O< 9
o
o
~ 10
';:11
"
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING .SIZE, IN.: 2.992
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
.. 9
"'oo
~ 10
!"i:ll
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBINGSIZE, IN.: 2.992
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
.... 9
o
o
~ 10
.,"'
!i:u
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-< 9
'"
o
o
~ 10
'"
:11
'e"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
o
1
WATER FRACTIDN: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.. 9
'oo"
~ 10
'"!;;1l
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
"'
!i:ll
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
&
E-< 9
'o"
o
~ 10
"'
1;:11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
298 Production Optimization Using Nadal Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVTY:. 1.07
5
< 9
'"
o.
o
;: 10
.,"i;:11
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-<
r.. 9
o
o
~10
o:
tu
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
300 Production Optimization Using Nodal Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
...
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
ii:1l
'e"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F' 150
5
E< 9
"'
o
o
;: la
"'
1;;11
"'e
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-< 9
[<,
o
o
~ 10
'~"11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY,_ 1.07
AVERAGE.FLOWING TEMP.,F: 150
5
.."
o
9
o
~ 10
'a"; 11
'o"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 5'2 56
'1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY, , 1.07
5
8
r.. 9
o
o
;: 10
'~11
"
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
.. 9
o
o
~ 10
!"i:ll
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 H 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
.3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
.<
o
9
o
~ 10
tI:
~ 11
'"
a
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: .0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY,.1.07
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
i;::11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
2 mi TUBING SIZE, IN.: 2.992
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY; 1.07
5
~
6
7
1
.
O<
8
9
ti
o
o
~ 10
tI:
~11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 -1+
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
E-<
r.. 9
o
o
;: 1~
tI:
;;1l
.,
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 . 52 56
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: sao
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY:.l.07
5
..
..
o
9
o
~ 10
!i:"' 11
"'
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
P~ESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
DIL APIGRAVITY: 35
4
5
.
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
o:
.,t;11
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTIDN: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
DIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
&<
o
9
o
~ 10
tI:
~1l
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY' 1.07
5
..
8
o
9
o
~ 10
'~"11
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
i14 Production Optirnization Using Noda! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oo 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.: 3.95B
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: BOa
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY,_ 1.07
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP"F: 150
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
'~"11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 B 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
E-< 9
'oo"
;: 10
'"
.,[;;11
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
201111111111111111111111111 tl1llJ't I 1'11 le-tu L1J" UU lti 1I LJ 1I1sIILL I tfi;tl

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN.:3.9S8
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
o:
f;:11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

0.0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
TUBING SIZE, IN., 3.958
WATER FRACTION, O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY, 35
5
E-< 9
i><
o
o
;: 10
tI:
;:11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
318 Production Optimization Using Nadal Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
o
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
'o"
O< 9
o
~ 10
'Z;:11
"
'""
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY, 35
4
5
..
9
""
~ 10
f'"i:ll
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
320 Produclion Optimiza/ion Using Nada/ Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 6 12 16 20 24 26 32 36 40 44 46 52 56
-1 -1
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
'"
.,;;11
el
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.. 9
'oo"
~ 10
.,;:'" 11
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
-t-
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
6 I
7
.
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
tI:
!;:11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
I
.... 9
o
o
~ 10
'"
1;:11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1 1-4
2 LIQUIO RATE, STBL!O: 3000
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
~ 10
,
'"
!i:ll
.,
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
.~
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
7
I
8
... 9
'o"
o
;: 10
o:
~1l
''""
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
-~
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
5
..
E-<
o
9
o
;: 10
:z:
!i:ll
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION:
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.... 9
o
o
;: 10
"'
ii:ll
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
...
o
9
o
;: 10
'g";11
'e"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
+
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
....
o
9
o
;: 10
"'1;:11
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
m
19
20
>30 Production Optimiza/ion Using Nadal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PS!G

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
....< 9
o
o
~ 10
.,'a": 11
" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 4 6 12 16 20 24 26 32 36 40 44 46 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
O<
o
9
o
~ 10
';:11
"
"'"
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
'"
ro.. 9
o
o
~ 10
o:
l;;11
"'Cl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION:
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.... 9
o
o
~ 10
"'
!i::u
"'" 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 12 16 20 24 26 32 36 40 44 46 56
O
1
WATER FRACTIN: .5
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..... 9
o
o
;: 10
:x:
~11
'"
Q
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

0.0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
...f 9
o
o
;: 10
'1";:11
""' 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

OO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
-+t -..lHt/WJtWIi:t:
- iIT H:H+f-FlI=~
.. -. J--L: -1-1+1-1+ t
1
,-'+ PIPELINE 1.0. , IN. : 2
2 ftJ=i LIQUID
+-I...!. RATE, STBL/D: 100
- - - - --
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
CORRELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
- rt- I ~ -
.....
o 9
o
o
~
,10
...o:
'"
;jll
H
-f
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
-- - . - --r T :
- --- --
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 26 28
1
l. o., 2
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
....
10
"'
E-<
'"
:j11
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
338 Production Optirnization Using Noda! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
:1 -l~itlftrn:ltt~jitt~I:!-Irn'JI1
L+_ ,___ _
_-> - _. - -
_ _ _ ___ _
-I-f-I+++-I-I:--
.l._
'-j-f- - PIPELINE I. D. , IN. : 2
__
-~tr
f- -i+
~
2
.. ( -l-. LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 200
--
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.-
ti-
I --
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
....
10
"'
E-<
"~ 11
..:l
- f
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- -r-
2 -1 +-r
340 Production Optimizalion Using Nodal Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
-,- liti 1tt:J::l:jt~:1 flFi I H-t+ HII:i:t
1
-i j- - -l:ill:n f-Fr:ll-f I1 +H+I-I:r1
-+i-l- PIPELINE 1. D., IN.: 2
2 :1+$1. LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 300
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY': 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY': 35
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY': 1.07
4
5
-H- --
. H- --
6
.. 11
E-<
o 9
o
o
.-<
f
,10
'"
E-<
el
;ll
..:l
12
13
14
15
16
17

L
18
r
1:
-- -- --
11-
20 ,r
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE 1.0., IN.: 2
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY, 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
CORRELATION: BEGGS BRILL
5
o
.
O<
9
o
o
~
.10
'"
O<
..,"
;jll
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- 1 ....
- - -\. - - - .
lT- ..
2
342 Production Optimization Using Nada' Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1
f-
~- LIQUIO RATE, STBL/O: 400
2
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
-GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
o<
o 9
o
o
....
10
'"
o<
Cl
;jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 ,16 18
1
2 i~ LIQUIO'RATE, STBL!O: 400
WATER FRACTION: O
3
'GAS GRAVITY: 0.65'
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
....
o 9
o
...
o
.'"
10
"f:jll
..:l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE 1. D., IN.: 2
1- f-
2 +- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: sao
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
--GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
~
,lO
'"
E-<
..,'f":111
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
~
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE I.D., IN.: 2
1- - -f
2 -r-r -'-o LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 500
WATER FRACTION: O
3
""GAS GRAVITY: 0.65"
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
. 9
o
o
o
~
,10
.."'
"~11
l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
146 Production Optimization Using Noda! Ana/ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1
PIPELINE LO., IN.: 2
1- - -1-
2 ~- LIQUIO RATE, STBL/o: 700
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
-GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
ORRELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
..
8
e 9
e
e
~
,la
'"
8
t'" 11
,..;
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
Pressure Traverse Curves. - 347
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
1
1-
2 ~" LIQUIDRATE, STBL!D: 700
WATER FRACTION: O
3
"GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
8
..
'oo" 9
....o
..
tI:
10
"..,&1 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
--/
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE LD., IN.: 2
f- - +-
~. LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 900
2
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL APr GRAVITY: 35
CORRELATION: BEGGS & BRrLL
5
8
.. 9
o
o
...
o
,10
'"
E<
"f;Jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
.1.
1
f
+- - +
2
-'-- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 900
WATER FRACTION: O
3
- GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
. 9
o
o
o
~
.10
.."'
"..,~1l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
. -j
,
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1
PIPELINE I.O., IN.: 2
+
-'-. LIQUIO RATE, STBL/o: 1200
2
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
VERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
C RELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
...
o 9
o
o
....
..'"
10
..,'~"11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1
+- -1-
2 -'-. LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 1200
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
..
'"
o
o
9
...
o
..'"
10
'-'
..,~ 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- ~
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
I.D. ,
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GA RAVITY: 0.65
OIL A GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER S CIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVERAGE F WING TEMP.,F: 100
CORRELATION. BEGGS BRILL
5
8
... 9
o
o
...
o
,la ,
..'"
<.!J
-1-
f:ll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
-, .+.1
1
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL PI GRAVITY: 35
4 WATER PECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVERAG LOWING TEMP.,F: 100
CORRELAT BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
..
r..
9
o
o
o
.-<
.
:c
,la
, '
,..,"
f: 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
:,,- -
"
,
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GRAVITY: 0.65-
I GRAVITY: 35
4 ECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVERAGE OWING TEMP.,F: 100
ORRELATIO : BEGGS & BRrLL
5
7
,
8
.... 9
o
o
o
....
,
..'"10
.+
i":ll
..:1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
~- r
1
----.__ .
--
2 +
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 .16 18 20 22 24 26 28
-i
1
PIPELINE l. o. , IN. : 2
. -~
- -1
--'- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 2000
2
WATER FRACTION: O
3
AS GRAVITY: 0.65
O API GRAVITY: 35
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1. 07
.
~
4 WA
AVERA FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
CORRELK ON: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
.. 9
- - -
o
o
o
....
."'
el
,lO
;jll ~
>-1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- - --
- - - -1 ... - . - -
-1
--
2
356 Production Optimization Using Nodaf Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE I.O., IN.: 3
~
.
-'-. LIQUIO RATE, STBL/o: 500
2
WATER FRACTION:
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
.-<
.10
'"
E-<
'"
;'jll
>'l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
.2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
0
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65'
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
.,
.
o 9
o
o
.-<
.10
.,"'
";jll
'"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2 r
358 Production Optimization Using Nodal Anolysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
, f-
2 ~- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: BOa
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
.... 9
o
o
o
....
,ID
..
o:
<.!J
..,f:11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2 ,r
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
+- - +1-
2
-'-o LIQUIDRATE, STBL/D: 800
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65'
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
5
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
~
,la
o::
E-<
<.O
f:111
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
360 Produc(ion Optimization Ur;ing Nada! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
~ .1
~- --
1
2 LIQUID RATE, STBL/O: 1000
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
6
+-
7
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
..-.
.10
"'
E-<
<!J
f:jll
..,
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2 r
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
-r -
_ ...L. ' .
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
<
o 9
o
o
n
.10
"'
<
'-'
;jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1-
1
2
PRESSURE. 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP F: 100
'" CORRELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
.~ 5
8
...
o 9
o
.,
o
,10
'.".
'f":ll
..:l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
r
1
20
Pressure Traverse CUrles 363
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 '16 18 20 22
1
2
.
- - -1
'
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
.'" 9
o
o
o
....
,la
'.".
"..,;11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
....
o 9
o
o
~
,
..'"
,la
t!J
+
: 11
"'
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
:1
-c
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1 3
PIPELINE l. D. , IN. :
-~
. +
2 ,
-'.- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 2000
-- - O
WATER FRACTION:
3
GAS GRAVIT'l: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVIT'l: 35
WATER SPECIFIC GRAVIT'l: 1. 07
4
CORRELATION: BEGGS & 8RILL
5
..
O<
o 9
o
o
~
,lO
"'
O<
"
;jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
-c
1
,
2 -1 " r
366 Production Optimizarion Using Nada! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
-1
2
~- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 3000-
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
8
...
'"
o
o
9
o
.-<
.10
'"'-'... -+
f;'jll
,..:
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
-
2 -1-
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.."'
o 9
o
o
....
,lO
"''"
'-'
;jll
,..,
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
1- -
-,
-l
2
"1 -l.. LIQUID RATE, STBL!D: 4000
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
S GRAVITY: 0.65-
01 API GRAVITY: 35
4 WAT SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVERAG FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
CQRRELA ON: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
E-<
r..
o 9
o
o
~
,lO
:c -'
E-<
e>
..,; 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
-,"'
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG
:. 2
4 6 8 10 12 14
1+
16
~
-=t: q:: 1:.
18 20
PIPELINE I.D., IN.:
LIQUID RATE, STBL/D:

22 24
4000
26 28
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
~
API GRAVITY: 35
4
WA ER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVE GE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
. CORRE TION: BEGGS BRILL
5
-,~- - -
-I-f- .-
6
8
E-<
<
o 9
o
o
~
,la
o:
E-<
" 11
~
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1Ilr.-1-
1
:1- - .
-
- - ~:~ r
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE l. o. , IN. : 3
;- - 1-
-'o LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 5000
2
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65'
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 TER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1. 07
AGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
LATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
..... 9
o
o
o
....
,la
"'E-<
..,'f";11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- :1
2 " r
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 lB 20 22 24 26
1
1- -
e-f
2 '1 .J.. LIQUIO RATE, STBL/O: 5000
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
VERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
RRELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
... 9
o
o
o
~
. ,lO
c::
'f":jll
..:l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
-1
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
2 6000
FRACTION: 1
3
..
...
o 9
o
o
....
,lO I
:::
... ..
"f:jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
. 1
2 "
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
->
-f
2
_1 -l-_ LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 6000
WATER FRACTION: O
3
S GRAVITY: 0.65
OI PI GRAVITY: 35
4 WATE PECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVERAG FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
CORRELAT N: BEGGS BRILL
5
8
....
o 9
o
o
....
,
.'" ,10
.+
'f":jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
374 Production Oprimi=ation Using Nada! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10' 12 14 1618 20 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE 4
1- -~~
2 +, LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 1000
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
8
o 9
o
o
~
.10
'"
8
'&"111
'"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
"- + -1
2 +-r f
PRESSURE, 1.00 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
'. PIPELINE I. D., IN.: 4
2 " ::t: :t: LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 1000-
WATER FRACTIDN: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
E<
o 9
o
o
n
,10
'E"<
'"
;jll
,.:
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2 ++
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 26 28
~_.I
-1"
.-.L __ "-
1
PIPELINE I.O., 4
LIQUIO RATE, STBL/O: 1500

2 , ,
-- _.>-
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65'
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
....
o 9
o
o
'""',lO
'.".
el
~11
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PresslIre Traverse Curves 377
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
I. D. ,
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
..
O<
o 9
o
o
~
."'
.10
<!)
~11
>.:l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
378 Prodllction Optimiza/ion Using Noda! Analysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
oO
-++
,--I-- PIPELINE I.D., IN.: 4
-1+il-~
-
n::-I
I ...1-. LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 2000
2
1-
WATER FRACTION: 1
3 GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5 -'-j-- - -
. rT --
6
..
8
o
o
o
8
9
I
~
,lO
o:
8
t!1
;j1l
H
~1tM
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2
o:
mi-
,
.. i J~
~-r
-
t
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 1012 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
4

WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
.... 9
o
o
o
....
,lO
.."'
eJ
;jll
...,
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2 +-r
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

oO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
PIPELINEI.D., IN.: 4
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
CORRELATIDN: BEGGS & BRILL
5
++
-1+ --
~.
.....
o 9
o
o
....
10
.'lO.." .r+
; 11
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2 ,r
PRESSURE. 100 PSIG

oO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1~itj:j+t+Hm~l:UiftH+H-Hti
- il-~U_-U tltJtttul-H-I+HFI+
1
'++ PIPELINE LO . IN.: 4
::t, +
2 .. :r:l: - LIQUIO RATE. STBL/o: 3000
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
ft\\1\ OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
I WATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
AVERAGE FLOWING TEMP F: 100
5
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
~
,la
'"
E-<
i";'jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- -ro
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1 PIPELINE I.D., IN.: 4

-1-
~- LIQUIDRATE, STBL/D: 5DOO-
2
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GRAVITY, 0.65-
API GRAVITY: 35
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
4 AVERA FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
CORRELA ION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
E-<
r.
o 9
o
o
....
10
tI:
E-<
<l
f:lll
.:l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- - --1-
"-
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
'-1 PIPELINE l. D. I IN. : 4
1- --i+
2 , -'-. LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 5000
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
IL API GRAVITY: 35
4 W ER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1. 07
CORR ATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
..... 9
o
o
o
",10
..
o:
el
..,511
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- - 1
.. ._ 1-,
20
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 26 28
1
PIPELINE IN.: 4
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GRAVITY: 0.65-
API GRAVITY: 35
4 R SPEClfIC GRAVITY: 1.07
CORRE TION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
.,
o'" 9
o
o
~
.10
.,o:
lO
:1.
~11
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1 - -1
- - - :j
- -r
2 -1 "
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 ATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.07
A RAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
CO ELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
. 9
o
o
o
....
,la
.."'
C9
-+
1311
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1 .. -j
~ ~ ~ -1- ~
~I~
2
386 Production Optimization U'iing Noda! Ana~vsis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 26 28

2
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65'
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 VERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
RELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
... 9
o
O>
O>
~
,lO ,
.."'
l?
1
&i 11
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
\
18 ".
r-
- - --
1
2D
--j
"
-1- ,
-]- -
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
1
PIPELINE I.O. , IN. : 4
+f-
" - -'-- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D:
2 10000
--
WATER FRACTION: a
3
-- - - - GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
..
E-<
o 9
o
o
....
,la ,
'"
E-< ~J.
"f;'jll
>-1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
- -:- -1-r--
2 -1- ,r
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1
'ti PIPELINE LO., IN.: 5
1-
ti-'
. -;-f--
2 ~I- --'-,-'-- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 2000
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
&<
O<
o 9
o
o
~
10
'&"<
"f;'jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
f-
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
I _.1 .l..
( . +Ullittlli:lUilllJJ:j
1
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
.... 9
o
o
o
~
..'"
,lO
'"
;jll
"'
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
390 Production Optimi=atiQn Using Noda! rlna(l-'sis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
--
1
PIPELINE 1. D., IN.: S
f
l- - - f
2
~
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
DIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
8
... 9
o
o
o
~
,lO
'.".
'-'
&]11
0-1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
. - j-
1
. ---i
._-_.----
2 "
PRESSURE, 100 P5IG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
-1-
1
.. ~ +
~. LIQUIO RATE, STBL/O: 3000
2
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
.
E-<
o 9
o
o
",10
'E"-<
"'
ll
'"
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
-1 ..
j- -
2
392 Prodllction Optimi=ation U'iing Nodal AJ1ulysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
.+
1 l. D.,
LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: SOOO

2
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
...
o 9
o
o
~
,lO
'.".
'"Jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
lB
1
c
,r
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
1
PIPELINE 1. O., IN.: 5
. - _ - 1--W=f
- ~r -+ : -'-. LIQUID RATE, STBL!D: 5000
2
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4
5
8
...
'"
o
o
9
o
'",ID
...'"
'~" 11
>-1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
~
20
394 Production Optimization Using Noda! Ana(vsis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28
-t'
1 PIPELINE 1. D., IN.: S
+
h
>-
,+ ~.
2 _. L
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65'
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
4 ERAGE FLOWING TEMP.,F: 100
CO RELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
...
E-<
9
o
o
o
.-<
10
"'
E-<
<!J
;jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
__ .i-
i-
1
PIPELINE I. D., IN.: 5
2 LIQUID' RATE, STBL/D: 8000
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
RRELATION: BEGGS & BRILL
5
8
...
o 9
o
o
....
.'"
,lO
'-'
;jll
..,
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20 r
396 Production Optimi:::a/ion Using Noda! AnQ!ysis
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
1
PIPELINE I. D., IN.: 5
-e-
->-
-'--
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
..
<
o 9
o
o
~
,lO
:r:
<
'"
;jll
H
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
-1
20 r
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
-L
1
PIPELINE l. D. , IN. : 5
I , +
+
2
'o. LIQUID RATE, STBL!D: 10000
-,
WATER FRACTION: O
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65"
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
CORRELATION: BEGGS BRILL
5
..
E-<
o 9
o
...
o
,10
'"
E-<
el
fJll
H
12
13
14
lS
16
17
18
1
" j'
2 ++
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

6 6 10 12 14 16 16 20 24 26 26
1
1- - +
2 , -'-. LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 12000
.l
WATER FRACTION: 1
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
5
....
o 9
o
o
~
."''"
.10
,..,f;jll
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
1
-+
2
PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
1-
.. +L~.~
1
-+
-,.~- LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 12000
2
WATER FRACTION: o
3
GAS GRAVITY: 0.65-
OIL API GRAVITY: 35
CORRELATION: BEGGS ERILL
5
.
E-<
o 9
o
o
....
,la
'"
E-<
":j11
o-l
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
-
1
+ 1
20
Index
Abandonment conditions. 18 multiwell systems, 151 Aziz, Govier and Fogarasi Methoct, 87
Abscissa correlating group, 110 outtlow, 155
Absolute pressure-volume-temperature, 72 Back Pressure
permeability, 14, 15,26 single wells, 151 equation,43
pressure, 124 Angle, choke opening, 126 Baker flow partero map, 108, 109
temperature, 124 Angle of indination, (13 Basic pressure gradient equation, 58
Acceleration, 84,86,87,93,97,191,194 Annular, 67, l09 Beam pumping, 155, 177
component,67, 83, 84 area, 158 unit, 178
term, 84 flow,90 Bean diameter, 127
Acidizing, 49, 139 prediction capability, 90 Beggs and Brin
Actual tests, 86 correlation, 117, 118
density, 195 mist partero, 87 data, lI4,lI5
downstream pressure, 125 Annulus, 83, 90, 180,260 flow partero map, 108
drawdown, 26 AOF, 43, 44, 45, 46 method, 88, 89, 90, 98, 108, lll, ll2, lI4,
gas velocity, 65, 66 API,97 lI8, 192, 194
quid holdup, 66, 85 equation, 127 Bellows pressure, 166
Iiquid velocity, 65. 66 grav;ly, 75, 78, 80, 95 Bemoulli equation, 123
producing capacity, 139 Application Beta ratio, 127
volumetric flow rates, 76 curves, 98 BHP, flowing, static, 163
wellhead pressure, 100 total system analysis, 151 Bit size, 36
Algorithms, 68, 78 Vogel Method-Non-Zero Skin Factor Borehole,9
for coupling pressure and heat loss calcula- (Standing Modification), 26 size,51
rians, 81 Vogel Method-Zero Skin factor, 23, 24 Bortomhole, 136
heat transfer calculation. 73 Aquifer, 18, 19 chokes, 123
incremellting on length, 68 Artificiallift, 4, 7, 24, 40, 136, 137, 141, 148, flowing pressure, 5, 9, 13, 14,98, -lOO,
incrementing on pressure, 68 150,151,153 lI4,177
Altered zone penneability, 48, 52 analysis, 155 pressure, 5, 43, 84, 140, 147, 155, 182
effects of. 14 design, 155 pressure gage. 31
Altered radius methods, 155, 177, 183 temperature, 81
etTects of, 14 gas lift, 155 Brill and Beggs equation. 78
zane, 48, 52, 53 hydraulic pumping, 155 (modified by Standing), 78
Alves flow pattero, 108 submersible pumping, 155 Brine viscosity, 80
American Gas Association, 109, 110 sucker rod or beam pumping, 155 Bubble regime, 67
Analysis. 150, 152 weHs, 146, 155, 178 Bubble-flow partero, 86, 87
artificiallift wells, 155 Average flowing temperature, 97, 98 Bubblerise velocity, 87
components ofsystem, 185 Average pressure, la, 113, 143 Bubblepoint, 75
OST, PVT, 144 Average reservoir pressure, 2, 9,12,20,21, pressure, 15, 18, 20, 24. 36, 37, 5l, 79,
forces acting on various areas of valve, 22 148
165 Average system pressure, 88 Buildup test, 45
gravel-packed completions, 174 Average temperature, 113
laboratory, 72 Aziz flow regimes, 88 Calculated [iquid holdup values, [14
401
402 Produclion Optimiza/ion Using Noda! Ana(vsis
Calculator application, ll2 gravel pack, 143 regime, 124

Carnco methad, 163 open hole, 143 temperature, 20
Capacitance perforated. 143 Crude oil, 66,72
probe, 65 Components, 47, 48,57,86.108,11 J, 133, viscosity, 66
devices, 83 174 Crushed zone. 50
Casing, 83.160,162,180 acceleration, 67.69 permeability. 5)
annulus, 177 changes, 57 damage,48
diameler, 174 charaeteristics. 57 Cul1ender and Smith method, 97
gas pressure, 160 downstream. 2 Cumulntive oil production, 150. 151
inside diameter, [82 elevation, 69 data, 150
pressure, 163, [66, 168, 177 friction, 69 increment, 150
reduction, 163 laminar recovery, 18
lraverse, 162 grave! pack, 48
valves, 165 perforation,47 Damaged well, 20
size, 135, 174 reservoir, 47 Damaged-zone penneability, 51
tied into tlowine, 180 turbulel1{ Darey flow, 35,48
Casinghead gravel pack, 48 Darcy's
flowline, 175 perforation, 48 equaton, 30
gas, 174, 175 reservoir, 48 equation for radial gas flow, 43
Centrifugal separator, t 74 upstream, 2, 3, 9 law,9, ID, 11, 14,21
Ceramic choke disk operatan, 126 Compressible, 10 Darcy-Wiesbach thction factor, 60
Chierici, Ciucci and Sclocchi Method, 88 flow, 64 Daca banlc, 114
Choke. 123, 126 Compressibility, 9, 79 Dead ni1 interfaciai tension, 81
at wellhead, factor, 123 Declining production rate, 95
capacity, 173, 176, 177 Compressor, 146, 150, 152 Deep welIs, J 60
constants, 124, 126 pressures, J46 Deganee aod Atherton f10w pattern, 108
control, 153 Computer application, 86, 98, 112 Degree
diameter, 124, 126, 127, 128 calculation, 68, 150 of scatter, 92
discharge coefficient, 126 program, MONA, 90 of s\ippage, 66
[ocated at separator, 141, 142, 143 subroutne, 108, 111 Deliverability, 1, 150, l63
located at wellhead, t 41,142, L43 Condensate, 72, 97, 122 Density, 5, 57, 64, 65, 67, 73, 75, 87, 96, 100,
loeatian, 143 Conductive heat 105s, 71 176,180,182,191
setting, 126 resistance, air, 87
size, 123, 124. 125, 143, 163 Continuous flow gas lift, 155 calcu1ating, 66
Circular drainage, 31 system design, 155 changes,65
area, 12, 14 well,60 definition, 65
Clausis inequality, 59 Convection lenn. R 7l gas/liquid mixture, 66
f
Clay swelling, 14 Convective oil,75
Coefficients, 123 acceleracion, 63 tenn, 66,111
Colcbrook equation, 61, 62 heat !oss, 10 two-phase, 65
Combination drive, 19 heal: transfer, 71 water, 15, 87
reservoir, 19 resistanee, 71 Depletion, 40, 46, 54, 55, 61,148,155
Commingled Conventional depleton parameters
rate, 153 flowafierflow test, 31 gas/oil ratio, 148
well,38 test gaslliquid ratio, 148
Commngling, 153 pressure diagrams, 32 water cut, 148
flow streams, 152 producing rute, 32 type field, 93
point, 153 Convergence, 72, 85, 123,125,182 Depth axis, 100
point pressure, 153 Core,49 Design
well streams, 152 data, 38 gradient, 168, 169
Compacted Comish Method, 91 method, t63
permeability, 51, 52 Correlating parameters, 66 liquid rate, 162
zone, 48, 50, 5 [,52,53, 144 Correlations rnethods, 98
permeability, 51 for holdup factor, 85 procedure, 174
radius, 51, 52 forRs ' 78 safety factors, 165
thlekness, 53 for secondary correction factor. 85 surface pressure, tubing load. 169
Compaction,47 for viscosity number coefficent, 85 Designing
Comparison studies, 92 for pipeline flow prediction. lO8 t1owtines, 1 04
Completion, 143 Corrosion,61 long distance pipelines, 104
configurations design, 146 Cricondenthenn, 20 Determining
effect, 143 Critical maximum tubing size, 96
efficieney, 45, -1:6, 47, 48 flow {sanie), 123. 124, 125, 141, 142, 153 producing cap3clry, 151
ength,45 gas saturation. [8 Development planning, ! SO
methods, 47, 143 pressure drop, 143 Deviated wells, 90
pressure drop, 143 pressure rato, 124. 125 Dewpoint pressure. 15,20
zonc,4S ratio of downstream to upstream pressure, Diameter, 51
Completions, 124 Dimensional analysis. 61. l11
lndex 403
Dimensionless Eatan correlation, 114 Equation for estimating minimum gas produc-
flow rate, 21 for frction factor and liquid holdup, 109, ing rate, 97
groups, 111 Equivalent length concept, 128
Reynolds number, 7 \ Eaton, et al., Method, 109, 10 Erosion, 61. 129
Grashof number, 71 Eaton liquid holdup correlation, 1[1 Erosional
Prandtl number, 71 Economic evaluarion, 150 flow rate, 129
IPR. 21, 22 Effect of velocity, 129
curves, 21, 26 compressor pressures, 146 velocity eguation, 129
numbers, 66, 85, 86, 97,109,19[,192 depletion, 20, 148 ESP, 176
pressure, 21 on pressure profile, 21 ESlimating flowing temperature, 82
ratio, 22 on [PR,21 Evaluatng
slip velocity, 86 downhole separator, 176 completion etTects, 143
Direction of flow, 68 final outlet pressure, 152 correlations, 91
Directional well, 90, 93, 98, 104 flow rate, 116 usiog field data, 91
Directionally drilled wel1s, 90, 97, 174 flowlines on well performance, 118 pipe flow correlations, 14
Discharge flowline sizes, 146 Evalualon srudies, 93
coefficiem, 123, 124, 127 gas injection rote, 146, 157 Expansion factor, 127
pressures, 175 gaslliquid ratio, 94, 116
Dispersions, 95 gas rate, 94 Fanning equation, 60
Dissolved gas, 80, 175 gravity, on liquid, 67 Fetkovich
drive, 18 injection depth, 157 equation, 34, 40
drive mechanism, 18 injeccian rate, line diameter, 117 method, 30, 37, 42, 142
drive performance, 18 negative skio, 20 present and future IPRs, 42, 43
Dissolved or solution gas calculation, 77 perforating density, 144 Field data, 91, 92, 93, 98, 114, 115, 116
Dissolved solids, 80 pipeline angle 00 flow partern, 109 Field producing capacity, 151
Dividng well into short increments, 96 positive skin, 20 Final autlet pressure, 152
Division point (node), 2 stimulation, 139, 140 Finding optimum rubing size, 5
Dome pressure, 165, 166, 169 tubing size, 96, 135, 146 Fitting
Downhill flow, lIS on minimum production rate, 96 type, 128, 129
Downhole, 165 on injection rate, size, 128
Downstream, 153 turbulence,43 Flanigan
components, 2, 133 upper string size, 137 efficiency factor, 113
conditions. 125 variables on pipeline performance, 116 equation, 113
gas density, 124 viscosity, 95 method, 111,112,118
pressure, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 141, water cut on required flowing pressure, Flow
142,143,153,172 94,95 capacity, 3, 122, 135, 140
Downward Effective characteristics,
flow, 64, 68, 69, 89 mixture viscosity, 17 laminar, 71
incUnation, 109 permeability, 15,47 transitan, 71
mavement, 87 stimulation, 140 turbulent, 71
Drainage viscosity, 65 coefficient e, 42
area, 19, 150 Efficiency factor, 113, 117 conditions, 83
radius, 12, 14 Ekofisk field, North Sea, 90 conduit,67
Drawdown, 9,14,17,20,21, 24,34,54 Electric submersible pumps (ESP), 153, 174 critical, 123
actual, 26 Elevation direction of, 68
effect, gas wells, 54 change, 63, 65 diversion, 122
ideal, 26 component, 66, 116 efficiency, 26, 29, 47,140, 141
rate, 19 component, 83, 91,98, 108, 112 gas,
test, 45 Empercal two-phase, 123
Drew, Koo and McAdams equation, 60, 61,62 correlation, 65, 66, 68, 83, 84, 91,114,191 geometry, 11, 60, 83
OrU stem test, 36, 144 fluid property correlation, 73, 76 in casing, 176
Orive mechanism, 9, J 7 enthalpy correlation, 72 in directional wells, 97
Dry gas, 97 methods,73 in gas wells, in pipelines, 108
reservo ir, 21, 47 Emulsioos, 95, 117 inclined downward, 67
wells,82 Energy balance, 58 inclined upward, 67
DST analysis, 144 equation, 59, 69 non-steady, 71
Oukter, et al., Method, 109, 110 Energy loss, 60, 84 of gases, 82
Dukler Energy of expansion or compression, 58 parameters, 90
correlatian, 17 Engineering eguation of state for a gas, 75 panem, 65, 66, 67, 7[, 72, 83, 84, 85, 86,
fricton factor cOrTelaton, ! 12 English system ofunits, 123 87,88.90,97,108,109,114,117,192,
liqud holdup correlation, 112 Enthalpy, 59 193,194,195
method,111 change, 8Z bubble regime, 66
Dukler-Eaton gradient, 69 descrptions for vertical air/water flow,
correlation, 1[4 specific, 69 67
method, 114 Entropy,59 descriptions for horizontal air/water
Duns and Ros method, 86, 87, 98 Equation for calculacing gas in solution in flow, 67
Water, 79 map, 84,86, 108
404 Produclion Optimization Using Nada/ Ana/ysis
mist,67 properties,9, 15,41,57,64,67,68,69,78, eompression, 58

existing, 67 84,98, 192 conCensate pipeline, 1t2
expected, 67 t:valualion, 127 coning,37
horizontal tlow, predicting, oil grav\ty, 66 density, SO, 81, 124, 125
vertical f1ow, predicting, 67 gas gravity, 66 deviation factor, 97
period, <1-3 dissoLved gas, 66 equatlOD
rate, 2,3,7,9,13,21,24,43,49,65,73, calculations, 72 of state, 96
75,82,83,84,85,88,91, IDO, [04, correlalion, 81, 88,194 to express density, 129
[16,ln,123,124,126,12~133,137, data, flow, JI, 12, D, 123. 127
141, 143, 144, 145, 167, 194 PVT properties, 75 equation,47,123
through choke, 124 5ample, 36, 98 rate, 76, 88, l22. 12.7, t 29
total in-situ, 66 analysis, 4 t fOnTI;ltion volume factor, 76, 79
in-situ,76 ~aturation, 9 calcuation, 79
standard, 76 lemperature, 70, 81, 175 gravity,78, 79. 80,82,97,98,127,129
regirr:e,9 ve[ocity, 4, 5, 9, 64, 72, 76, 93, 100 correction cquation, 78
resistance, 44 viscosiry value, 80 holdup,65
splitting problem, 122 Folds of inerease, 26 in-situ
steam, 64, 65 Force balance, 60 t10w rate, 65
stream, 109, 152 Formation, 162 velocity, 76
subcritcal, 123 damage,9,14,17,30,48,49,54,55,lJ5 injection, 19,94,147, J56
tests, 31 clay swelting, 14 pressure, 155
afterflow, 30, 31. 32, 33. 34, 43 gas welIs, 14 rate, 5, 6, [48, 156, l57, 158, 16S, 169
Flowing pore plugging, 14 surface pressure, 160
bottom.hole pressure, 24, 94, 100, 102, 104, gaslliquid ratio, GLR, 156, 158, 162, 168, wells, 146
162,163,174,183 172, 174 ift,94, 102, \ 53, 155, 158, 173
Quid, to, 14,69,70 stimulation, 9 valve, 155, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167
temperature, 165 thickness, 45, 51 design, 165
viscosity, 66 volurne factor, 76,79, 125, t76 dome pressure, 1 71
gasllituid mixture, S brine in contact with gas, 79 performance, 165
density, 65 Fraction of oil flowing, 125, 175 well, 116, 137, 155, 156
gradient, 163, 168 Fracon ofwater tlowing, 125 analysis, 157
load fluid gradient curve, 1fi3 Fmcturing, 139 schematic, \56
performance, 93 Free gas, 15, 18, 37, 57, 94,175,176 Une pressure drop, 117
pressure, 31 flow rate, j6 tiquid
pressure traverses, production wel1s, 146 saturation, 19 flow, 117, 124
temperature gradient, t 67 Friction, 59, 60. 104, 112, 116, 156, 58 mixture density, 66
temperature in pipelines, 82 component, 67, 83, 94,112 viseosity, 95
temperature in wells. 82 factor, 60,.61, 62, 64, 67, 72, 83. 84, 86. ratio (GLR), 38, 83, 85, 93, 94, 96, 116,
temperamre profile, 81 90,91,95,108,109,110,117,191,195 117,122, 124, 148, 149, 152, 155,
temperatures, 81 comparison study, 114 174
test, 102 correlatian, 67, 84, 85, \09,114 mass flow rate, (24
tubing prcssure, 160, 163 equation, 90 oil
tubing pressure traverse, 163, 173 for pipe flow, 61,62,128 eontact, 19
wellbore pressure, 9, 24, 21, 31, 98, 155 prediction, 114 interfacial tension, 81
weUs, 141, t55, 15R two~phase, 67,89 mixture, 81
F1owline, 104, 114, 123, 136, 141, 142, t43, loss, 5, 37, 59, 60, 63, 65, 68, 80, 83, 93, viscosity,9S
156,114,178 98,113,116,128,135,156 oiVwater viseosity, 95
diameter, 139 component, 64 ratio, 93, [48,150,158
pressure drop, 137, l56 in annulus, t58 phase, 64, 66, 86, 87, 9 t
calculations, 174 methods, 113 pipeline equations, 117
requirements, 158 pressure drop, 95,117,139,143,180 pressure, 160, 162. 172
size, 14, 1I8, L37, 139, 146, 158 component, [14 productivity index, 13
size effect, 136, 137 tenn, 84,93, 104, 117 properties, 65, 124
too large, 136, 137 pressure 10s$ in pipelines, t08 rate, 88,109,112.115,123.137,149,180
too small, 136, 137 Future gas well performance, 150 relative penneability. 15
Fluctuating tlow, 65 Future IPRs, 41 reservQir, 15,46
Fluid equ3tions. 14<1-
co1urnn, 1RO Gagc pressures, 22,43 Reynotds number. 122
density, 72, 73, 75, 83, 129 Gas bubble 180 saturation, 15,20,30,37, 39,40,-l1, 47,54
tlow equations, 58 velocity, 87 separation, 174
gradient traverse, 163 Gas cap, 19 singlephasc tlow, 57
[evel, [60, 179, 180 drive, 18 specific gravity, \0, 75, I~J. 125
mixture, 180 perfonnance, 18 splitting, 122, 123
operated va[ves, 165 reservoir,18 storage
phase, 65 Gas operations, 147
superficial velocity, 65 compressibiliry, 127 reservoirs. 146
physical properties, 81,125 factor, 45, 76, 77,129, 158 superficial velocities, 87
lndex 405
veiocity, 85, 90, lDS, 112, 113, 117 Hand calculations, 68 ln-situ
superficial, 76 Handheld, prograrnmable calculators, 89 conctitions, 75
viscosity, 47, 80,122,191 Hasan and Kabir method, 90, 98 deIlsity, 96
yoid fmetion, 65 Head gain, 176, 177 flow nHe. 10. 76
cOrTelatan, 90 Heat gas. 65
vo!ume, 157, 173 balance equation, 69 liquid,65
water interfacial tcosian, 81 energy, 58 oil,65
weight, 162, 182 loss, 57,81,82 water, 65
well, 49, 54, 81, 82, 83, 96,97,149 conductive 71 fluid properties, 72
backpressure equatan. 146 convective, 70 gas
predicting future IPRs, 43, 47 gradient, 70 density, 87
Gasfree viscosity, 80 transfer, 65 flow ra!e, 67
Gas-liquid calculation algorithm, 73 liquid
ratio, 126 calculations, 69 imerfaeial tension, 87
wells, 129 coefficient, 70, 82 density, 87
separatan, 174 conductive, 71 flow rate, 67
Gas-oiL relative penneability data, L7 convective, 71 mass, 72
Gas-producing rates, 76 due to thennal radiation, 71 superficial velocity, 194
Gas~well testing, 31 steady state, 71 oil,76
Gas/liquid mixture, 72 unsteady sta te, 71 water, 76
Gathering Heat-per~unit mass, 69 values,75
Iines, 104 Heat-transfer coefficients, n velocity, 76, 96, 129
system, 122 High capacity wells, 163 gas, 76
General energy eguatan, 58 HilIyterrain, ll2, 117, 118, 139 ol,76
General equation for flow through restne- pipelines, 111, 112. 113, 194 water, 76
tioos, 123 Holdup correlation, 110 volume,76
General eguatan for frietan factor, 114 factor, 112, 114 Inclination
General inflow equations, 47 Hole angle, 69, 88
General pressure gradient equation, 96, 97, angle,174 downward flow, 67
108 size, 135 upward flow, 67
General pressure traverse curves, 104 vohune,51 lncompressible flow, 64
Generalized curves, 98 Horizontal Incrementing, 191
Generating LPR, 155 curves, 104, lI8,138, 142 calculating viscosity, 66
Geometry for linear flow, 11 flow, 10,63,67, 109, !lO length,66
system, la pattero, 88, 89, 108, l09 algorithms, 68
Geothermal gradient, 82, 167 pattem maps, 109 pipe length, 68
Gilbert's "5" curve, 180 panem prediction, 108 pressure algorithms, 68
GLR, 84, 97, 98,100,102,104, !l8, 140,153, regime,88 pressure drop procedure, 69
163,172,176,177 lines, 116 production, 150
curve, 100 pipe, 192, 193 lnflow, 38, 133, 135, 140, 144, 145, 149, 153,
maximum value. 98 flow.60 158,162,174,179
Gradient curves, 98, 168 pressure traverse curves, 13 calculation, 138, 143, 175
Graphical solution for valve spacing, 162 two-phase flow, 118 conditions, 148, 155
Grashof number, 71 wel1s,37 curve, 4, 5, 6, 133, 140, 143, 147, 149,
Gravel pack, 9, 53, 54, 144, 145 Horsepower, 175 150,156,157,158,175
analysis, Hybrid Model, I !4. ll5 equation, 21,33
producing capacity, 144 Hydrau!ic for oil flow, 13
system pressure drop, 144 diameter, 90, 91 expression, 156, 179
completion, 11,53,47, 143 fluid, 183 perfonnance, 4, 9,17,19,20,28,30,36,
equations, 53 lift system, 183 37,45,48,54 .
resistance, 144 pumping, 155, 183 calculation, 147
gravel penneability, 53,144 radus concept, 90, 91 equations, 47
wells,53 HydraulicaUy powered centrifuga! pumping, gas wells, 54
Gravitational separation, 65 183 methods, t 68
Gravity. Hydrocarbon gases. 77 oil wells, 54
effect of. 67 Hydrostatic factors affecting, 21
of stock tank oil, 81 component. 63,93,94, 98,108, 112, 118 plot.19
Gray method, 97 loss, 5, 108 relationship (IPR), 9, 20, 38
Gregory, et aL, correlations, 114, 16 pressure, 64, 68,113,156,160,180 plots, 152
Griffith correlation, 86 drop, 112, 113 to node, 146
grodient in rubing, 155 Intlow-outflow intersection, [43
Hagedom and Brown. 86 loss, 136 Initia! pressure, 18,30
correlation, 93, 98 term, 84, 93, 104 reservoir, [5
method, 85, 93, 98, 191 Injected gas, 174
lbe study, 93 Ideal drawdown, 26 gas volume, 156
Hagen-Poiseuille equarian for laminar flow, ldealized behavior, 31,32 GLR, 156. 157, [58
60 Immiscible liquids, 65 rate, 168
surface temperarure, 1T!.. plot, 31, 35 Matthews and Russell water viscosity correJa-
Injection temperatl.:re profile, 81 tioo,80
depth. 155, 156, [57, J60, 168 Liquid Maximum
gas, 5, 160 accumulation, I J 3, 117 inflow.26
iquid ratio, column, 180 producing capacit)', 123
pressure, 156, 157, 163 condensate. 83 producian r:le,39, 144
rate, 147, 162, 168 density, 82, 94, 113, 124, 125 McLeod model, 51
vo\ume, 156. 163 displacement, 162 Measured
GLR, 160, 16J Distributon Coefficiem. 87 deplh (MD), 91, 98,104
pressure, 157,166,165 now rate, 88, 91, 93, 98,100,114, 1!6, viscosities, 66
operated valves, 168 124, 125, 180 well nuid leve!, 179
pump, 146 gas ratio, 97 Mechanical energy
rate,5, 146, l47, 158 grnvity. 9'7 balance, 59
wells, 146 holdup, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72, 83, 84, 85, 86, equivalent efheat constan!, 3, 69
lnterfadal tension, 66, 81 88,89,90,97,98, 108, 109, 110, 114, Mechanistic madel, 59
air, 87 115,117,136.192,193 Meehan water viscosity equation, 80
between gas and liquid phases, 81 companson studies, 114, 115 Methods for measuring,
water, 87 correlalon, 95.109 nuclear desitometers. 94
Intermediate nades, 152 measurements, 114 capacitance dcvices, 94
lntermittent predicting, Minimum
f1ow, 88 hydrostatic gradient, 18D production rate, 39,96
gas lift, 183 in-situ fIow rate, 65 velocity, 97
Internal el1ergy, 58 level, 160,177 Mist,67
teon,59 producionrate, 5, 113, 156, 157, 160, 174 flow,
Interploatian, 100 productivity index, 37 pattero,
TPR. 15, 19,20,21,22,24,25,26,28,29,32, propertit:s, 65, 124 Mixing rules, 64
33,34,36,35,37,39,42,54, 148 saturation, 15 Mixture 191
behavior of gas weHs, 20 single-phase flow, 57 density, 65, 83, 84, 87, 88
construction, 36, 37 slug enthalpy, 72, 74
equations,39 frequencies, expected. 67 gravity,97
methods,39 sizes, expected, 67 velocity, 66, 72. 127
undersaturated reservoir, 24, 25 specific gravity, 75, 126. 127 viscosity, 91
Irreversible losses, 123 splitting, 122, 123 Modified
lsochronal test, 3D, 31, 32, 34, 43 superficial velocities, 87 flow~pattern map, 88
pressure diagrams, 32 to gas ratio, 113 isocnronal test, 3 l. 32,43,45
producing rate, 32 trapped, 65 pressure diagrams, 32
(sothermal compressibility, 19, 80 velocity, 65, &5, 90,108 producing rate, 32
for gas equation, 80 actual,65 Mole fraetion, 72
fOI water cquation, 80 superficial, 65 MONA, Asheim Method, 90,114
Iterative, 158, 165, 180 viscosity, 85, 93, 95,109,117,191 Moody
procedure, 147 Load fluid, 160 diagnm, 61, 63, 85, 91,191,193
solution, 127 gradicnt, 162, 163, 172 fiiction factor, 60, 61
Location of restrictions, 141 Motor assemb1y, 183
Jain equation, 61, 62, 64, 191 Logdata, 38 MOV wellhead choke design, 126
Jet pwnping, 183 Log.log coordinates, 31, 43 Mukberjee study, 109
Jones, Blount and Glaze Method., 35, 45 Looped pipe!ines, 122 Multicomponent systems, 69
Joule-Thomson coefficient. 82 Loopng, 122 Multi.phase
flowline, 158 flow, 82. 108
Kili fluid, 160 surface line, \52 correlations. 96, 98
gradient, 160, 162, 168 Low gas iquid ratios, 109 well tlow problem, 84
Kinetic energy, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65 low productivity, 140 two-phase friction factor, 84
change, 63, 67 Low reservoir pressures, 18 Mu!tipoint (back pressure test), 43
Low-pressure, highvelocity segments, 69 Multistage centrifugal pump, 174
Laminar Low-pressure wells, 104 Multiwel! system, 151
coefficent, 45, 47
tlow, 14,35,4;,48,60,64 Mandane, 1 t 4 Natural gas, 66. 72, 80
perforation component, 51 flow pattem map, 108, 109, I[ O viscosity, 66
reservoir component 47, 4R Mandrels, 162 Narurally flowing well. 148, 155
singlephase tlow, 67 spacing, 160 Negative pressure gradient. M, 69
Large diameter pipelines, 11 l Mass flow rate, 10,64,81,82,84.91 Negative S', 14
Lawson study, 93 gas, l25 Negative skin,
Lee gas viscosity equation, 80 total, 125 effect of. 20
LGR,97 Mass mctioo of gas, 124 factor. 19
Line size, l16, 153 Material balance Nikuradse's equation. 61
Linear calculation, 41, 148 No-slip
flow, lO, 11,37,45.53 model, 150 densiey, 87,91. 127, 195
function of pressure. 31 Mathematical reservoir model, 21, 150 holdup, 72,84,85,97, 111
Index 407
gas, 65 backpressure curves, JO pattero, 47, 51, 53

lquid holdup, 65, 83 predicting future PRs, 40 penetration depth, 48
mixture enthalpy, 72 tests. 31 performance, 49
Nodal analysis. 2, 5, 7. 39,123,133,141, zone, 18 pressure drop, 6, 145
146,151, 156, 174, 177 Open ho1e completion, 4i, 48, [43 radius, 51, 52
of injection wells, 146 Opening pressure. 166 size, 44, 50
Nade (division point), 2. 9,133,152 Operating tunne[, 53
inflow,57 casing pressure, 168 length, 53
location, 1]7, 158, 141, 152, 155 differential pressure, 172 unimproved,49
outflow, 57 valve depth, l68, [72 Performance vs. time, 151
pressure, 2, 3, 4, 9, 57,137,142,143,144, Optimum Permeability, 14, 19, 2l, 30, 36, 48
149, 152, 156, 174, 179 gas injection rate, 5, 156, 157 alteration, [4,26,43
selection, 135, 156, 137, 155 tubing size, 5 lo gas. 45
at bottomhole, t46 Orifice valves (MOV), 126 lo oil, 39
Non-Darcy Original oil in place, 18 lo water, 39
dfects,45 Orkiszewski Method, 86, 87 turbulence, 14
flow, lO, 35, 43, 45, 52 Otis design procedure, 167 Phase behavior
pressure drop, 53 Outflow,4, 38,133,135,137,138,140,143, in oi! reservoirs, 15
Non-isothermal, 68, 69 144,145,146,153,158,174,180 in reservoirs. 15
Non~steady flow, 71 analysis,155 Phase diagram, (9
Nonzera skin factor, 20, 21 calculation, 137, ISO Phasing,5l
Non-radial flow regime, 37 conditions, 148, 149, 155 Physical properties, 67
Nonnalized frietian factor, 111 curve, 3,5,6, 140, 143, 149, 150, 153, 133, Pipe ang(e, 83, 84,97,98
Numerical reservoir madel, 37 147, 156, 157, 158, 175 inclinations, 65, 67, 68, 69, 83, 111
Nusselt factor, NNU, 71 data, 135, 149 measured from vertical, 97
plat, 138 measured from horizontal, 97
Odeh equatioDS, 14 expression, 156, ]79 Pipe
Offshare perforations. 136, 146, 155 area, 65, 129
pipelines. 114 performance, configuration, 70
wells, 83, 141 calculated using backpressure equation diameter, 65, 83, 84, 88, l17, 128
Dil for gas wells, 146 fittings, 123, 128
API gravity, 80, 98 pressure, 113, 143,145 flow correlations, 114, 116, 117
compressibihty, 80 rate, 133 inc1ination, 65, 67, 68, 69, 83, 111
density, 35, 65, 75, 94,125,177,180 restrictions, 139 angle, 62, 88
flow, 10, 11, 65 Out1et inside diameter, 97, 98, 122, 127
equation, 47, SI elevation of pipeline, 113 roughness, 63, 64, 83
rate, 76 pressure,2 size, 84, 88, 98, 104, 137
fonnation volume factot, temperature, 69, 82 Pipeline, 114, 115, 192
calculation, Overall pressure drop, 117 correlations, 114
gravity, 82, 98, 128, 169 Overloaded flowlines, 116 curves (horizontal), 137
in-situ design, 111, 114
flow rate, 65 Packer, 157 flow, 108
superficial vetocity, Panhandle equation, 113 correlations, 104
ve(ocity,76 Paraffin model,114
isothermal compressibility, 79 bui1dup,71 pattero, 108
producion rate, 76, 125, 158 Parallel pipelines, 122 inclination, 1I 1
producing capacity, 151 Partial1y depleted field, 30 performance, I
rate,39, 136, 176, 158 Parteros, bubble-flow, slug-flow, mist-flow, profile, 117, ll8
reservoir, 17, 19,40,46 86 system,4, 5, 38, 57. 73, 76, 136, 146
equations, 144 Perforation, 9, 36, 37, 46, 47, 135, 143, 144, ca1culating pressure drops-, 153
phase behavior, 15 146 performance, 95, 116, 133
phase diagram, 17 completion, 43, 48 pressure drop, 156
saturated with gas, 80 efficiency, 51 Plotting
saturation, 41 components, 51 node pressure, 133
surface tension, 66 damage,48 pressure drop, 144
viscosity, 93 density. 6, 45, 49, 51,143,144. [46 test data, 45
behavior, 15, 17 effect,6 Plunger lift, 185
equation, 80 diameter, 48,51 Poettmann and Carpenter Method. 84
water effects, 54, 55 Point of balance, 162
contact, 19 flow, 53 Point ofinjection, 163, 165, 167, 169
emulsion, 66 gravelpacked comp[etions, 53 Pore plugging, 14
gas mixture density, 65, 180 improved, 49 Porous medium, 9
interface. 180, 182 interval length, 51 Port size, 168, 172, 173
mixture, 95 length, 51, 52, 144 for operating valve, 168
viscosity. 66, 95, ISO mid-point, 180 Positlve displacement pump. 178, 183
well. 49. 54, 81, 82. 96,129.135,137,144. number, 48, 51, 53,143 Positive skin,
150 parameters. 53 effect of, 20
factor, [9 Pseudoreduced pressure, 77. 78 procedures, 174

Potential energy, 58, 63, 65 Pseudosteady state, 37 penneability, 31. 48, 49
Power fluid, 83 flow, 14 horizontal, 5 t
Power requirement, 175 Pulling tubing, ]60 vertical, 51
Prandtl number, 71 Purop, 180 pressure, 4. 9,18,20,36,43, ,6, 47, 48,
Predicting 3nd engine assembly, l83 148,150.151,152,155
tlowing temperatures, 81 diseharge pressure, 174, 177 drop, 155
future IPR 's. gas wells, 46 installation, 183, 185 component. 143
in-situ liquid holdup. 1\ 1 intake pressure, 174 protite, 12, 13, 19
pressure draps. 109, 110 retrieval, I 83 producing capacity, 150
Prepared pressure traverse curves, 133,136 schematic, 183 retrograde condensute, 47
use of, 118 setting depth, 176, 177, 178 rack, 15
Present time size, 175 system performance, 95
production tests, 42 speed, 176 temperature, 15,82
IPR [or gas well, 43 suction pressure, 174, 176 wet gas, 47
Primary depietion, 18 Pumping Resistance coefficient, 128
Primary performance for a gas cap drive cycle, 179 Resistivity probe, 65
reservoir, ! 8 fluid levels, 182 Restriction, 124, 141
Procedure sucker rod, beam, 177 opening, 124
for applying Nodal Analysis, 6 weU calculation, 180 length, 124
for calcu!ating pressure drop, 158 PVT location of, 14/
for determining optimum gas rate, 156 analyses, 72, 78, 144, 148 subsurface safety valves (SSSV), 123
to relate reservoir and well performance to properties, 68, 69, 128 surface and bottomhole chokes, 123
time, 150 valves aod fittings, [23
Producing Radial flow, 11, 37, 45 Retrograde
capacities, l35,136, 137, 140, 141, 142, ratio (RFR), 49 condensate, 15
144,145, 146, 150, 151, 153,155, 156, system,11 gas reservoir, 20
158, 174 Radioactive tracers, 86 reservoir, 47, 54
characteristics. 152 Radius, 12, 19 gas reservoir behavior, 20
formaran, 37 altercd, 14 Reynolds number, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67,
gas/liquid tates (GLR), 18,76,97,100, Ramey equation for temperature in a well, 82 71,80,85,90,91,95,111, 117, 122, 124,
124, 148 Rate dependent component, 35 191, 193
ratio, 18,76.91,100, 124, 140 Ratio two-phase, 91
interval, 150 of absolute pressures, 43 Rock properties, 9
hfc t 93 of flow efficiencies, 26 Rod purnps, 178
operations, 165 of productvity indices, 26 Rod~pumped well, 178, [79, 183
rate, 1,9,24,18,19,32,44,57,81,141, ofspecific heats, 123 schematic, 178
152,153,163,175,177,174,183 specific rate for gas, 124 Ros coefficients, 143
conventional test, 32 Reflections of sound waves, 180 Rossland evaluation study, 98
isochronal test, 32 Relating perfonnance to time, 150 Rough wall pipe, 61
modified isoehronal test, 32 Relative advantages of artificial1ift sySlems, Route selectivity, 122
time, 32 177
water cut, 38 Relative in~situ volume, Sachdeva, et aL, equations, 124, 1.25
water fraetion, 38, 180,182 gas, 65 Safety factors, 162, 163, 165
Produetion liquid,65 in design calculations, 163
inerements, 150 Relative penneability, 15,39,40 Sand filters, 10
logging,38 behavior, 15 Sandface pressure, 9
mechanism,37 togas,15 Saturated oH, 18
pressure, 166 Relaxation distanee, 82 Saturated reservoirs, 21,24,30
effect, 166 Required bottomhole flowing pressure, 160 Scale buildup, 71
effeet factor, ! 66 Required horsepower, 175 Secondary recovery, 155
operated valves, 168 Reservoir, 9,20,21, 39,123,146 Segregated tlow, 88
valves, 165 capacity, 139 Semi-Iog plot ofpressure vs. radius, t3
Productivity characteristics, 47, 135 Separation facilities, 108
gains, 37 component, 9, 5! Separator, 1, 76, 104, 108, liS, 141, 174,
index, 13. 15, 19,22.24,25,37,38,40 data, 1J5 175, 185
concept, 13 deve10pment 40 pressure, 2, 3, 57, [18, 135, 137, 139, 142.
faetors affecting, 15 drive, 19 158
J,13.34.37 dry g"-', 47 Shearing stresses, 95
oil well, 54 engineering calculations, 73 Shell curves, 98
ratio, PR, 26 flow, 37 Shell Method, 86
Prudhoe Bay field, 37.90 gas cap drive, 18 Shiu and Beggs empirical method, 82
Pseudosteady state. 12 gas volumes, 18 Shut in, 39
Pseudocritical intlow capacity, 148 condition,43
pressure, 77, 78 inflow perfonnance, 7, 155 flud levels, 182
ternperature, 77, 78 mode1, 21, 41 period, 43, 45
Pseudoflowing wellbead pressure, [63 perfonnance, 1,4,40,57,150 time, 31,32
!ndex 409
we!!, 182 gas wells, 55 sensitive vaives, 163

wel] calculation, 182 Stratification, 67 Tension,
SI Metric system of units, 123 Stratified interfacial, 66
Side pocket mandrels, 160, 165 flow, 67, 109 oil surface, 66
Similarity analysis, 111 formations, 37,38 water surface, 66
Single-phase, reservo ir, ]8 Test rack, 166, l67, 168
compressible transient flow, 64 Subcritical (subsonic) fIow, 123, 124, 125, opening pressure, 166, 167, 169
flow, 57, 62, 63, 64, 67, 91, 96,122,124, l26, l27, 141, 143 Thermal
128 Submersible pumps, 174 conductivity, 71
fluid, 65, 108 assembly, 178 radiation [oss, 71
gas, 123 installation, [78 radiation transfer, 70
flow, 65, 117 schematic, [78 Tight wells, 31
liquid, 126 se[ection, t 79 Time, 150
flow, 65, 126 Submersible pumping, 155, 174 dependent function, 71
parameters,71 Subsurface increment, 150
Sizing lines, 08 hydralic motor, 183 Transient
Skin,15 safety valves (SSSV), 123,127, 141, 143 f1ow, 64,71
effect, 14, 15,45 Sucker rod pumping, 153, \ 55. [77, 183 test, 30, 43, 47, 48
factor, 17, 19,29,30,47,48,51,54 Suction conditions, 176 weU tests, 36
negative, ! 9 Suction pressures, 175 Trnnsition zone, 86, 88
non-zero,20 Superficial Traverse curves, 98, I 8, 138
positive. 19 gas velocity, 65, 76, 109, 113 application, 98
Slip velocity, 65, 86 liquid velocity, 65,76, 109 True vertical depth (TVD), 97, 98, 157
Slippage, 65, 95 ve1ocities, 65, 90 Tubing, 83, 97,117,123,143,144,1;;,160,
Slug, 67,87, 109 of liquid phases, 86 162, l74, 178, 183
catchers, 108 of gas phases, 86 design, 111
flow, 65, 88, 108 Surface diameter, 95, 140
pattem, 86,8 7 casing pressure, 162, 178, 180 on mnimum rate, 96
Small diameter pipelines, 111 choke, 123, 137, 141 Elfec! (TBl, 166
Smooth wall pipe. 61 conditions, 141, 169 Effect Factor (rEP), 166
Solution gas, 37, 75. 76, 79 equipment, 36 flowing pressure traverse, 162
oil ratio, 37, 76,80,125 flowing temperature, 81, 97 flowing wellhead pressure, (62
Sanie velocity, 124 flowHne calculations, 81 gradient, 163
Specifications ftow rutes, 76 increments, 147
for Carneo pressure operated gas lift gas injection pressure, 156, 163 inside diameter, lOO, 128
valves, 169 lines, 122 lengtb, 104
for tis spreadmaster pressure operated Une sizes, 152 outside diameter, 182
gas lift valves, 170 operating pressure, [57 pressure, 160, 163, 165, 166, 168
Specified opening pressure, 166 pipelines, 90 at gas lift valve, 157
SSSV, 128 pressure, 84, 114, 157 drop, 136
Stabilized producing gas/oH ratio, 18 drop calculations, 174
flow, 12, 37 temperature, 81 traverse, 162
conditions, 83 tension, 64, 66 requirements, 158
production tests, 39 tubing pressure, 162 size, 3, 4,5,36,85,93,95,100, 141, 146,
test, 32, 43, 44 Surging fluid, 49,50 l47, 149, 1;0, 1;6, 1;8, 167
Standard fIow rates, 76 System flow capacities, 135
Standing and Katz correlation, 77 analysis, 2, 57,140,143,176,183 optimum, 135
Standing's for wells with restrictions, 141 selection,5, 135
graph, 26,28 plot,143 velocity, 95
method, 4D, 48 procedures, 133 Tubing string, 94, 97, 98, 135
modification, 21, 26, 29 capacities, 153 Tubing-conveyed
Static components, 133, 151 method,48
BHP, 163 design,57 perforating techniques, 49, 50
fluid [evels, 182 nodal analysis, 156 Tunnellength, 5]
gradient, 160 pressure, 109 Turbulence,9, lO, 14, 15, 17.20,21. 37, 43,
liquid level, 172 4;, ;3
pressure, 39, 43 Tapered tubing string, 136 coefficient, 14,45,47
reservoir pressure, 37, 39,45, 147, 150, Temperature, ID, 59, 68, 69, 73, 75, 77, 78, effects, 35, 43, 45, 55
l;8,160 79,80,82,96,97,129,16;, m flow, 20, 52, 60, 61, 64, 71
wellbore pressure, 32 change.57,65 calculations, 64
Steady state effects,72 fluid flow, 60
energy balance, 58 Correction Factors, 17 [ pressure drop. 45. 46
flow, 63, 64 distribution, 69 term, 35
heat transfer, 71 inclination, 68 Tumer, et al., equation, 97
laminar flow, 12 los5, 57 TVD,I04
Stimulation, 17,20,26,27,28,36,48,54,55, profile, 82 Twenty percent design gradient method, 163,
135, 139, 140 in pipeline, 82 l67
Two-phase location. 155 138,149

density, 65.90, 193 nonrelrievable, 165 dimensionless lPR, 23
design calculations. 71 opening. 160. 162, 165 method, 21, 23, 24, 26, 29. 34. 36. 37, 39.
discharge coefficient, t26 pressure, 163, 166, 167, 169 100,102.135,137,172
flow, 51, 57, 58, 63, 64, 65, 91,112,123, operating temperature, 163 method-Zero skin factor, application oC
124,125,127,128 port. 166 23,24
acceleration component, 67 pressure setting, 162 Vogel-Slanding equalions, 30
calcuations, 80. 90 retrievable, 172 Vohra, et al., study. 114
correlations, 65, 97 seat, 166 Void fraction. 65
elevation change component, 66 spacing. 160, 162, 165. 169 VoJume.57
empirical equation, 124 problems, 160, 62. 165 actual, 79
heat tnmsfer calcuations, 69 temperature. 166, 169 e1ement. 65
methods, 180 Vapor-liquid equilibrium flash calculations, fraetion, 65
models,90 72 in-situ, 79
pattems,67 Variable gradient design, 164 standard, 79
pipelines, Vasquez and Beggs Volumetric tlow rate, 10
variables, 64 correlations. 78, 79 actual, 76
flowing pressure gradient, 67, 75, 83, 93 equation, 80 gas, 123
tlowing pressure traverse, 67, 68 method,79
fluid densicy, 7S Velocity, 11,20,37,57,64,65,73,75,83, Wall shear stress, 60
friction factor, 67, 83, 84, 85, 88, 111 87,96, 117, 126, 129, 139, 180 Water
methods,66 actual gas, 65 coning,37
predicting, 67 actualliquid, 65 cut, 39, 84, 93, 94, 95. lOO, 104, 116. 117,
gaslliquid change,64 136, 148, 149, ISO, 158
viscosity, 66 coefficient, 35,48, 52 density, 65, 15, 95, 125
mixture, 64, 72 correlation, 35 drive, 18, 148
gradient curves, 168 increase, 64 performance, 19
horizontal flow, 108 in-situ superficial water, 76 flow, 65
parteros, 69 mixture. 66 forrnation, 15
mixture, 108, 124 profile, 60 volume factor, 125, 116
pipeline, 108, 112 slip, 66 fraetion, 98, 100, lI1, 152, 153, 169
pressure gradient calculations, 81 superficial. 65, 66 gas ratio, 97
Reynolds number, 111 gas, 65, 109 gravity,98
velocity, 66 liquid, 65, 76, 109 in-situ
vertical flow parteros, 68 mixture, 76 flow rate, 65
viscosity, 66 two-phase, 66 veloeity,16
Vertical injeetion, 18, 19,38,72, 146
Unaltered reservoir permeability, 51 correlations, 140 oil ratio (WOR), 93, 94
Unbalanced pressure charged valve, 165 curves, 100, 102. 104, 118, 140 production, 39
Unconsolidated formation, 144 flow pattem, 87 rate, 176
Underbalance, map, 87 salinity, 79, 80
optimum degree, 49 flowing pressure saturation,37
pressure, 49, 50 loss, 61 surface tension, 66
perforating, 48, 49, 50 traverses. 99 viscosity, 66, 80
methods of, 48 permeability, 51 WateNirive
Undersaturated reservoir, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, pressure traverse curve, 137, 145, 149, gas reservoir behavior, 20
34 176,177 reservoir, 18, 38,149
Units for Darcy's Law, 10 rises, 113 Waterflood, 37, 38
Unloading two-phase flow, 86 projects, 31
operations, 165 Viseosity, 64, 66, 72, 80, 85, 117 theory,38
process, 160 ealculating, 66 we1ls, 37
producing rate, 163 erude oil, 66 Wave flow, 109
sequence, 161 flowing fluid, 66 Weighting factors, 66
valve design process, 162 gas/oil mixture, 95 Well
valves, 160, 168 gasJoiVwater mixture, 95 capacity, 139
Unsteady state heat transfer, 71 natural gas, 66 eompletion
Uphill flow, 115 of oil equation, 80 design, 135
Upward inclination, lO9 oiVwater mixture, 66, 95 effects, 46. 47
Vpward two-phase flow, 86 two-phase, 66 effieieney, 35. 46
two-phase, gas/liquid, 66 sehemes, 143
Valve, 83, 123, 128, 143, 165 water, 66 condtions, 86
bellows, 165 Viseous deplh,96,97
closing pressure, 165, 167, 171 oil,117 design problems, 98
dosure, 66 shear, 60 tlow, Si. 92
depth, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166. 169, 172 shear 10ss, 80 calculations. 108
designo l55, 165 Vogel correlations. 83, 90,91,92,93,98, 1I (
dome pressures, 166. 169 equation, 26, 28, 34, 31, 39, 40, 42, 43, methods, 91. 97
Index 4[[
pressure gradient methods, 84 Wellbore, 12, 14, 15, 19,20,37,38,45,47, Winkler method, 163
increment of length, 97 70,144,155, l85 Working liquid level, t 78
perforated in brine, 53 damage, 26, 27 Workovers, t 50
performance, 35, 116, 136, 153. 156 tlowing pressure, 22
etTects ofvariables, 93 pressure, 31, 38. 48 Z-factor, 47, SO, 97
equations, 9 radius. 36, 48. 51 gas compressibility factor, 77
gas/liquid ratio GLR, 153 Wellhead. 141 Zera
water/oil ratio WR, choke, 125. 136, 137 depth, 100
wel1 mtes, 153 flowing pressure. 97 drawdown productivity index, 40
spacing,36 pressure, 2, 4, 96, 97.100,104,116, Il7, pressure, 98
stimulation, 14 118, 123, 129, 135, 136. 137, 138, 140, gradient, 68, 69
system, 123 1~1~1~1~1~ID,I~15' radius skin effect, 20
test, 29, 41 163 skin factor, 19
tubing, 83 temperature, 129 well depth, 98
unloaded, 172 Wet gas reservoir, 20, 47

Beggs-Curvas de Gradiente

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Beggs-Curvas de Gradiente

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Appendix Pressure Traverse Curves

These pressure traverse (gradient) curves are included Horizontal Curves

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

--ti\' WATER FRACTION: O

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

GAS GRAVITY: 0.65

OIL API GRAVITY: 35

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

LIQUID RATE, STBL/D: 800

GAS GRAVITY: 0.65

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG

PRESSURE, 100 PSIG