INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

KULLIYYAH OF LANGUAGES AND MANAGEMENT

ENCO 4101

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

SEM 1 2017/2018

INSTRUCTOR:

DR. SITI YULIANDI AHMAD

NUR LINA FARHANA BINTI YUSLI

1423740
1. What are the things a researcher should know when choosing an appropriate
multivariate technique for his/her data?
i. Define the Research Problem and Objectives
ii. Identify the variables
iii. Identify the type of measurement

2. Develop dummy variable coding schemes for the following variable: Frequency of
international travel, measured as:
a. Do not travel abroad
b. Travel abroad 1 or 2 times a year
c. Travel abroad 3 or 5 times a year
d. Travel abroad more than 5 times a year

Frequency of D1 D2 D3
international travel
Do not travel abroad 0 0 0

Travel abroad 1 or 2 1 0 0
times a year
Travel abroad 3 or 5 0 1 0
times a year
Travel abroad more 0 0 1
than 5 times a year

3. What test of differences is appropriate in each of the following situations?

(i) Annual salaries of male and female employees of an organization. Answer: T-test
DV- Annual salaries
IV- Gender
(ii) IQ scores of three ethnic groups: Malay, Chinese and Indian. Answer: Anova
DV- IQ scores
IV- Ethnic groups
4. You are given a data set to determine a financial freedom among KLM students. Discuss
a profile of respondents.

a1: (Age) (Binned)

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid <= 38 62 24.1 24.1 24.1
39 - 45 50 19.5 19.5 43.6
46 - 52 43 16.7 16.7 60.3
53 - 60 54 21.0 21.0 81.3
61+ 48 18.7 18.7 100.0
Total 257 100.0 100.0

a1: (Age)
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 20 1 .4 .4 .4
23 3 1.2 1.2 1.6
24 1 .4 .4 1.9
28 1 .4 .4 2.3
29 1 .4 .4 2.7
30 8 3.1 3.1 5.8
31 1 .4 .4 6.2
32 5 1.9 1.9 8.2
33 9 3.5 3.5 11.7
34 4 1.6 1.6 13.2
35 8 3.1 3.1 16.3
36 3 1.2 1.2 17.5
37 6 2.3 2.3 19.8
38 11 4.3 4.3 24.1
39 9 3.5 3.5 27.6
40 11 4.3 4.3 31.9
41 5 1.9 1.9 33.9
42 4 1.6 1.6 35.4
43 2 .8 .8 36.2
44 7 2.7 2.7 38.9
45 12 4.7 4.7 43.6
46 3 1.2 1.2 44.7
 47 4 1.6 1.6 46.3
48 11 4.3 4.3 50.6
49 4 1.6 1.6 52.1
50 12 4.7 4.7 56.8
51 4 1.6 1.6 58.4
52 5 1.9 1.9 60.3
53 5 1.9 1.9 62.3
54 7 2.7 2.7 65.0
55 7 2.7 2.7 67.7
56 5 1.9 1.9 69.6
57 8 3.1 3.1 72.8
58 10 3.9 3.9 76.7
59 5 1.9 1.9 78.6
60 7 2.7 2.7 81.3
61 3 1.2 1.2 82.5
62 1 .4 .4 82.9
63 4 1.6 1.6 84.4
64 3 1.2 1.2 85.6
65 3 1.2 1.2 86.8
66 4 1.6 1.6 88.3
67 3 1.2 1.2 89.5
68 3 1.2 1.2 90.7
69 1 .4 .4 91.1
70 6 2.3 2.3 93.4
71 2 .8 .8 94.2
72 4 1.6 1.6 95.7
74 2 .8 .8 96.5
76 2 .8 .8 97.3
77 1 .4 .4 97.7
78 3 1.2 1.2 98.8
80 1 .4 .4 99.2
84 1 .4 .4 99.6
88 1 .4 .4 100.0
Total 257 100.0 100.0

a2: (Ethnic)
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Malay 144 56.0 56.0 56.0
Chinese 5 1.9 1.9 58.0
Indian 70 27.2 27.2 85.2
Iban 4 1.6 1.6 86.8
Bidayuh 8 3.1 3.1 89.9
Melanau 1 .4 .4 90.3
Orang Ulu 2 .8 .8 91.1
Kadazan
8 3.1 3.1 94.2
Dusun
Murut 2 .8 .8 94.9
Bajau 7 2.7 2.7 97.7
Rungus 1 .4 .4 98.1
Lain-lain 5 1.9 1.9 100.0
Total 257 100.0 100.0

a2ethnic_1: (Other ethnic)

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 254 98.8 98.8 98.8
Punjabi 1 .4 .4 99.2
Sino 1 .4 .4 99.6
Sino-Dusun 1 .4 .4 100.0
Total 257 100.0 100.0

a3: (Religion)
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Islam 167 65.0 65.0 65.0
Buddha 2 .8 .8 65.8
Hindu 60 23.3 23.3 89.1
Cristian 26 10.1 10.1 99.2
Others 2 .8 .8 100.0
Total 257 100.0 100.0

a3: (Other Religion)

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 255 99.2 99.2 99.2
Baha'i 1 .4 .4 99.6
Punjabi 1 .4 .4 100.0
Total 257 100.0 100.0

a4: (Program)
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid ARCOM 121 47.1 47.1 47.1
ENCOM 22 8.6 8.6 55.6
MALCOM 111 43.2 43.2 98.8
TPHM 2 .8 .8 99.6
Others
1 .4 .4 100.0
(POSTGRADUATE)
Total 257 100.0 100.0

a6:(Gender)
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Male 65 25.3 25.3 25.3
Female 192 74.7 74.7 100.0
Total 257 100.0 100.0
5. A researcher strives to determine relationship between Self-Coping Mechanism (section
C) and Financial Freedom (section D). Using the data given:
a. Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the two variables

Correlations
SCM FinF
SCM Pearson Correlation 1 .575**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 257 257
FinF Pearson Correlation .575** 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 257 257
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

b. Describe the nature of relationship between the two variables

According to Guildford rule of thumb, the nature of relationship is positive and moderate
relationship

c. Test the hypothesis on the relationship at .05 level of significance

i. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses
Null hypothesis: There is no relationship between self-coping mechanism and financial
freedom
Alternative hypothesis: There is significant relationship between self coping mechanism and
financial freedom

ii. Calculate the test statistic.

r= 0.575 p= 0.00

iii. Determine the critical value

r=0.575

iv. What would be your decision and conclusion? Justify your answer.
Since p(.001) <(.05) Reject HO
There is a significant relationship between self coping mechanism and financial freedom at .05
level of significance
6. Using a data set given, run a one-way ANOVA test and discuss the output:

a. Calculate what variables you want to use. State and justify the answer.
Independent variable - Program because its scale of measurement is nominal and k>2
Dependent variable- Financial Freedom because its scale of measurement is interval

b. Describe the nature of relationship between the two variables

The significance value is 0.575, which is greater than 0.05. Therefore, there is no statistically
significant difference between program of study and financial freedom.

c. Test the hypothesis on the difference at .05 level of significance

i. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses
Null hypothesis: There is no difference between program and financial freedom
Alternative hypothesis: There is a difference between program and financial freedom

ii. Calculate the test statistic.

ANOVA
FinF
Sum of
Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Between
293.263 4 73.316 .725 .575
Groups
Within Groups 25478.122 252 101.104
Total 25771.385 256

iii. Determine the critical value

F=0.725
iv. What would be your decision and conclusion? Justify your answer.
F(4, 252) = 0.725, p= .575
Since sig-F(.575) >(.05)
Fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Conclude that there is no significant difference in financial freedom between the four programs
of study at .05 level of significance.