UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS UNIVERSITEITSEKSAMENS UNISA [fe *PYC1501 (471278) May/June 2017 RPY1501 (495828) BASIC PSYCHOLOGY Duraton 2 Hours 50 Marks: EXAMINERS: FIRST MR S MASEKO MRS VM NEKHAVHAMBE MS FT SILINDA MR GM SKOSANA PROF SH VAN DEVENTER ‘SECOND DR EM MOJAPELO-BATKA, Closed book examination ‘This examination question paper remains the property of the University of South Africa and may not be removed from the examination venue ‘This paper consists of 14 pages plus mstructions for completion of a mark reading sheet The following information is very important 1. Please provide your student number here - = 2. Please complete the attendance register on the back page, tear off and hand i to the mviglator 3 Ths examination paper remains the property of the Unversty of South Africa and may not be removed from the examination room After completing the examination, you must hand in the following ‘9 One mark-reading sheet (on which you indicated your answers) ‘2 This examination paper (all pages must be handed in) 4 The examination paper consists of fity multiple-choice questions The mark you obtain will be converted automatically to a percentage (in other words a mark out of 100) 5 Answer the examination questions on a mark reading sheet You will recewe a mark reading sheet ‘wrth this paper Read the attached instructions for completion of a mark reading sheet and follow ‘these instruchons carefully Ensure that you provide the following information on the mark reading sheet © Your student number 2 Thecourse code ‘© The paper's unique number ITURN OVER]PYC1501 MAY/JUNE 2017 [Questions { to 10 are based on human nervous system. Question 1 Dung the class presentation, one student mentions that neurons can send impulses continuously This statements ‘correct, because neurons are never inactive incorrect, because the resting potential has fo be restored before another impulse can fire Incorrect, because impulses cannot be conducted dunng the absolute refractory period correct, because the refractory period prevents over-stimulation of the nervous system Bone Question 2 The strength and speed of mpulse conduction can vary This statement is Incorrect, because impulse conduction is an all-or-nothing event correct, because strength and speed can vary with nerve fibres of different sizes incorrect, because strength and speed are constant in a particular neuron correct, because the intensity of the stimulus makes no difference in terms of the frequency at which impulses are conducted Bone Question 3 While walking to school Khensani was startled by a very loud explosion from a local factory Referring to the charactenstics of impulse conduction, please indicate which one of the following statements is correct when considering the scenario above 1 The frequency of impulse conduction increased because of the loud explosion 2 The magnitude of impulse conduction increased because of the loud explosion 3 In-companson to softer sounds, a loud explosion leads to impulse conduction becoming faster 4 The loud explosion is a more intense stimulus and it causes larger changes in membrane potential Question 4 Which one of the following statements about neurons is not true? 1 Neurons are part of a communication network that influences the manner in which the body functions 2 The process by which messages are relayed in neurons and between neurons 1s called impulse conduction 3. Motor or efferent neurons carry messages from the environment to the spinal cord and brain 4 Impulse conduction in a neuron is made up of electrical and chemical processes ‘Question 5 Salutatory conduction of impulse occurs in ‘an un-myelinated axon of a neuron a myelinated axon of a neuron both un-myelinated and myelinated axons of the neurons the dendntes of a neuron Rone [TURN OVER]PYC1501 MAYIJUNE 2017 Question 6 Which one of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for speeding up metabolism and the release of glucose into the blood system? 4 Dopamine 2 Serotonin 3 Adrenalin 4 Gamma-amunobutyne acid Question 7 ‘Which of the following statements explains the main function of the temporal lobes? 1 Tounterpret visual input and combine «into meaningful patterns 2 To reguiate complex mental activities and behaviours 3 Toactas a reflex centre for processes that ensure human survival 4 To perceive sound, such as spoken words and other sound patterns Question 8 ‘The hindbrain consists of three main structures Which one of the following options 1s not part of ts structure? Pons Cerebellum Basal ganglia Medulla oblongata RONs Question 9 (One of the functions of the limbic system is to help the person to adapt to situations This is achieved by 1 regulating motivated behaviour 2 evaluating the reward value of situations and linking this to information in memory 3° companng new information with existing information in memory 4 allofthe above Question 10 Which of the following options 1s not a function of the hypothalamus? 1. The regulation of motor actity 2. The regulation of emotions 3 The regulation of sleep and wakefulness 4 The regulation of water intake [TURN OVER]PYC1501 MAY/JUNE 2017 Questions 11 to 16 are based on the states of consciousness. Question 11 Which of the following statements 1s not true about hypnosis? 1 Hypnosis generally produces relaxation, concentration and behavioural changes 2 Hypnosis can be used to decrease the expenence of pain 3. Hypnosis can improve memory 4 Hypnosis works due to increased suggestbilty ‘Question 12 ‘The term *narcolepsy’ is associated with breathing difficulties during sleep inabilty to sleep an overwhelming need to sleep sleep paralysis that occurs just before falling asleep or waking up in the morning son Question 13 Narcotis are powerful that produce drowsiness, pain insensitivity and decreased responsiveness to events 1 hallucinogens. 2 inhalants: 3° depressants 4 stimulants Question 14 ‘The psychoactive drug called amphetamine 1s a powerful that increases the release of dopamine in the brain stimulant hallucinogen inhalant depressant sone Question 15 Sedatives and tranquilizers are not used to help people fall asteep decrease responsiveness to events, decrease sensitty to pain improve people’s memory Bons {TURN OVER}PYC1501 MAY/JUNE 2017 ‘Questions 16 to 20 are based on sensation and perception. 7 i} Question 16 ‘The system that provides people wrth information about their movements and orientation in space 1s called the system ‘chemical visual ‘proprioceptive ‘somasthetic RON Question 17 A first-year Psychology student descnbes the process whereby receptors transform one form of energy into another This process is known as base threshold generator potential transduction absolute threshold Question 18 ‘The perceptual principle of refers to the tendency to group elements that are close together as though they represent a figure 1 symmetry 2 proximity 3. simianty 4° continuity Question 19 erceptual constancy means (that) 1 wessee things as having a particular size, shape, colour, and brightness, irrespective of the changing conditions making mistakes in perception making sense of what we see relative to backgrounding and proximity 4 we organise information on a low level of awareness wn (TURN OVER]PYC1501 MAY/MJUNE 2017 ‘Question 20 ‘Which of the following statement(s) about inter-subjectiuity 1s (are) incorrect? Shared or agreed meanings of the way events are interpreted Language 1s used to descnbe our perceptions in order to make sense of the world and to others Inter-subjectity 1s part of the process of creating meaning ‘An individual's judgment ts based on personal opinions vom> A A,B, and C D B, and Rone Questions 21 to 25 are based on cognition. Question 21 Which of the following statements is not one of the steps in the process of problem-solving? Identify the problem and define it clearly Explore vanous strategies ‘Ask anyone about the problem Explore possible solutions Bons Question 22 ‘Two students are discussing how difficult t is to admit that they do not understand the coursework during tutonal sessions on myUnisa They mention that they are embarrassed to ask You explain to them that their thinking 1s restricted by 1 insight into their problem which only allows them to see one aspect of the problem 2. cultural bamers that lead them to believing things that are not true 3. learned barners that prevent them from leaning new concepts 4 emotional bamiers that cloud the logical analysis of the situation Question 23 In order to help the students understand the process of impulse conduction, the tutor uses the following example “Each neuron is like an electncal battery, with posite and negative poles When the battery is ‘charged, there is a large potential difference between the two poles As the battery becomes flat there iS 10 potential difference between the two poles" This is an example of reasoning centical inductive analogical deductive Bona ITURN OVER]PYC1501 MAYNUNE 2017 ‘Question 24 Peter says “Mr Smith did not keep his appointment He 1s unreliable * This is an example of reasoning 1 inductive 2° cntical 3° logical 4 deductwe Question 25 ‘The use of hierarchical concepts helps us classify things and make sense of our world items such as apples, bananas, tomatoes, and onions are classified at _levelis) of classification superordinate subordinate intermediate both 1 and 3 hone {Questions 26 to 30 are based on intelligence and creativity. J Question 26 Which of the following statements about the nature of intelligence 1s incorrect? 1 The concept of inteligence includes speed of task performance 2 Intelligence refers to the ability to adapt successfully to the demands of hfe 3-_Inteligence can be measured objectively 4 Whats regarded as inteligent behaviour vanes from one context to another Question 27 Munzhedz1 1s 10 years old and her mental age Is 11 years, 6 months Her mother asks the psychologist to find out Munzhedz''s Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Munzhedz''s 10 1s. 50 100 110 115 Rone Question 28 Mulalo 1s 12 years old She can perform all the tasks designed for children 13 years and younger, she can also perform half of the tasks designed for 14 year-old children Therefore, Mulalo's mental age 1s 12 years 12 years 6 months 13 years 13 years 6 months hone [TURN OVER]PYC1501 MAY/MUNE 2017 Question 29 Which of the following statements is true regarding creatutty? 1 Creative people are divergent thinkers 2 Creativity and intelligence are unrelated abilities 3 Creative people are convergent thinkers 4 Most highly creative people do not have above average intellectual ability Question 30 According to Spearman's theory, performance in intellectual tasks 1s determined by heredity traits multiple inteligences, ‘a general intellectual ability ‘experiential intelligence Rone ‘Questions 31 to 39 are based on learning and memory. Question 31 ‘According to Van Deventer and Mojapelo-Batka (2013), for punishment to be effective, it depends on three aspects These are A. consistency B_ spontanerty timing D_ intensity ‘The correct answer 1s A,B, and C A,B, and D A.C, and D B.C, and D BON Question 32 {In classical conditioning, what term refers to the re-appearance of a response that seems to have been extinguished? Extinction Discnmination Spontaneous recovery Higher-order conditioning Bone [TURN OVER]10 PYC1501 MAYNIUNE 2017 Question 33 ‘Which of the following statements 1s an example of negative reinforcement? 1 Every time Neo 1s cheeky, she 1s sent to her room 2 Mpho did not do well in a test so his mother has reduced his television ime 3 Rotondwa puts on his sunglasses to avoid the bright sunlight 4 Robert passed his exams so his mother bought him a present Question 34 Which of the following statements 1s correct about operant and classical conditioning? 1 In operant and classical conditioning, the learner is active 2 In operant and classical conditioning, the responses of the leamer are automatic, reflexive and voluntary 3 In operant conditioning, the likelihood of a response 1s influenced by the consequences that follow, whereas in classical conditioning the response is influenced by spontaneous recovery 4 In operant conditioning, behaviour is maintained by punishment, whereas in classical conditioning behaviour 's maintained by the conditioning of reflexwe responses Question 35 Which of the following statements is not by definition a learned perceptual-motor skill? 1 Todwe from a high dving-board 2 Tocuta diamond to show off its beauty 3 Toget the rugby ball from the scrum and pass ito the fly-half 4 To pick up a glass of water, then a spoon and then a dish-cloth lying on the floor Question 36 Which memory system refers to the storage of explictt, factual information such as names.and places? 1 Non-declarative memory 2° Short-term memory 3. Procedural memory 4° Declarative memory ‘Question 37 ‘You just met an old friend at your high schoo! reunion, you did not have a cellphone on you and you decided ‘to mentally organise her cell number as 1 31 33 92 39 68 for easy remembenng Which one of the following memory strategies did you use? Reetation Selection Rehearsal Chunking Rona {TURN OVER]1" PYC1501 MAY/JUNE 2017 Question 38 Theterm refers to the process of being unable to retneve the information we have stored in the long-term memory 1 forgetting 2° retneval 3 interference 4 memory decay Question 39 You are about to make a call when the weather report comes up on television After the weather report, you realise that you are holding your cellphone in your hand but you do not remember who you wanted to Call The reason that you forget who you wanted to call 1s due to interference lack of rehearsal ineffective selection of information oor organisation of information ‘Questions 40 to 45 aro based on emotion. Question 40 ‘According to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, which of the following statements are correct about ‘emotions? The differentiation of an emotion involves the interpretation of physiological arousal Emotions may occur without first expenencing physiological arousal ‘The expenence of emotion depends on cognitive interpretation of arousal People apply labels to physical arousal and this informs our behaviour goa> A.B, and C A.B, and D AC, andD B,C, and D Bene Question 41 Which of the following statements is not associated with the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion? 1 The perception of physiological arousal is a necessary element after an emotion 1s experienced 2 The thinking process takes place before emotions are expenenced 3 The expenence of an emotion involves interpreting physiological arousal with reference to cognitive content 4 Primary and secondary appraisal are integral components of the expenence of an emotion [TURN OVER]12 PYC1501 MAY/UNE 2017 ‘Question 42 Emotions are usually expressed through body language, whereby bodily gestures and facial expressions are used to show a vanety of emotions This is a component of emotions 1 behavioural 2 cognitive-perceptual 3 psychological 4 physiological Question 43 Primary emotions ate shared by the majorty of people throughout the world Which ofthe following statements are correct about primary emotions? A. They are evident in non-human species, 8 They are evident in all cultures © They contnbute to the survival of the species D_ There is a unversal agreement on the specific emotions that qualify as pnmary emotions. ‘The correct answer 1s A,B, and D B,C, and D A.B, and C A.C, and D pone Question 44 Which of the following statements about the abilites of emiotionally intelligent people ts incorrect? 1 They regulate and use their emotions to make decisions 2 They control impulses and delay gratfication 3 They recognise emotons in others and have hope for the future 4 They are self-motivated and keep trying even under dificult circumstances Question 45 Which of the following provides the correct sequence of events in terms of the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion using a flowchart? ‘Stmulation — arousal - appraisal - emoton - behaviour, ‘Stimulation - arousal - cognitive appraisal - emotion ‘Stimulation — arousal - differentiation of emotion - appraisal ‘Stimulation - pnmary appraisal - differentiation of emotion - bodily arousal [TURN OVER],13, PYC1501 MAY/JUNE 2017 [Questions 46 to 50 are based on personality, J Question 46 Which statement provides the best definition of the term, character? 4 The individual charactenstics that influence behaviour 2 The hereditary aspects of a person's biological nature 3. Stable qualites that a person shows in most situations 4 An individual's values and beliefs and their abilty to behave according to those values Question 47 In terms of the psychoanalytic approach, personality 1s shaped by 1 the power struggle between the id, ego and superego 2 attempts to keep a balance between self-image and actions 3 unconscious processes built on cardinal traits 4 the phases of development in early childhood Question 48 Which one of the following statements describes Cattell’s trait theory of personality? 1 An important aspect is the way traits are denved from secondary traits 2 People have cardinal, central and secondary traits 3 Source traits represent an underlying personality charactenstic 4 The theory 1s built on five personality traits Question 49 Lutendo completed a psychological test and the results indicated that she is an introvert Introversion describes her 1 temperament 2 personaitty type 3° character 4 self-concept, (TURN OVER}14 PYC1501 MAY/JUNE 2017 Question 50 A person with the hardy personality type demonstrates 1 chronic anger and hostilty 2. commitment, control and viewing life as a challenge 3 traits of stubbornness and a drive to achieve 4a high level of conscientiousness and low level of agreeableness IS YOUR STUDENT NUMBER, UNIQUE NUMBER AND MODULE CODE FILLED IN ON THE MARK READING SHEET? © UNISA 2017unwersiry oF soura arric, UN ISA. | EXAMINATION MARK READING SHEET _ UNIVERSITEIT VAN SUID-AFRIKA EKSAMEN-MERKLEESBLAD PART 1 (GENERAL/ALGEMEEN) DEEL 1 e Ss ceeteeti a eneensag ithe end For use by examination mvigilator pinging) began a PERE) BEN GpEa] | we seek soy esomenonsene Eeesimmece aca] [egies @ Eka ace) (eggs a TMA UKE thas oe if 2 MEREAS YOLG ote 7 PART 2 (ANSWERS/ANTWOORDE) DEEL 2 Tapas) 2 a naam) Casnae] | eae tease) 3 gage) | a apace) [ow ee PSS e Pa Ree) |e Eee) | tho geeEs| aiaaoe, PS Eas |e gues 4 ronpewet [a maa |e aga eobkeing! 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