11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Approaches to Counter-Terrorism View Online

IR3043

132 items

Resources (4 items)
There is a plethora of resources covering both terrorism and counter-terrorism. These are
the books that are foundational to the course and I would recommend buying them.

Terrorism: how to respond - English, Richard, 2009

Book

The counter-terrorism puzzle: a guide for decision makers - Boaz Ganor, 2005
Book

Writing the war on terrorism: language, politics, and counter-terrorism - Jackson, Richard,
2005
Book

Critical terrorism studies: a new research agenda - Richard Jackson, Marie Smyth, Jeroen
Gunning, 2009
Book | Available in library and as e-book.

Academic Journals (11 items)

There has been an explosion of scholarship covering political violence since September
11th and I expect that to also be the case now that we have reached the 10th anniversary
of the event. Here are few sources that will be helpful in finding materials for essays and
coursework.

Critical studies on terrorism

Journal

Foreign affairs - Archibald Cary Coolidge, Hamilton Fish Armstrong, Council on Foreign
Relations
Journal

International affairs - Royal Institute of International Affairs

Journal

International relations: the journal of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International
Studies - David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies
Journal

Peace and conflict: journal of peace psychology

Journal

1/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Journal of military ethics - Taylor & Francis Online

Journal

Millennium: journal of international studies - London School of Economics and Political

Science
Journal

Review of international studies - British International Studies Association

Journal

Studies in conflict and terrorism

Journal

Terrorism and political violence

Journal

Third world quarterly - Third World Foundation (Great Britain)

Journal

Week 1: Can One Counter Something if One Cant Define It? (14 items)
Given the definition problem of terrorism, how do we construct counter-terrorism policy
and procedure?
Is terrorism a criminal act or an act of war? How does the answer to this shape
counter-terrorism?

Required Readings: (3 items)

Critical terrorism studies: a new research agenda - Richard Jackson, Marie Smyth, Jeroen
Gunning, 2009
Book | Chapters 1 & 4. Available in library and as e-book.

Counterterrorism - Crelinsten, Ronald D., 2009

Book | Chapters 1 and 2. Digitised copy of chapter 1.

Terrorism: how to respond - English, Richard, 2009

Book | Chapters 1 and 2. Digitised copy of chapter 1.

Further Readings: (11 items)

Progress and Pitfalls in the Study of Political Violence - Michael J. Boyle, 2012-09
Article

Debating terrorism and counterterrorism: conflicting perspectives on causes, contexts, and

responses - Gottlieb, Stuart, 2010
Book | Part I.

The counter-terrorism puzzle: a guide for decision makers - Boaz Ganor, 2005
Book | Chapters 1 and 2. Digitised copy of Chapter 1.

2/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Inside terrorism - Bruce Hoffman, 2006

Book | Chapter 1. Available in library and as e-book.

Contemporary debates on terrorism - Richard Jackson, Samuel J. Sinclair, 2012

Book | Chapter 1. Available in library and as e-book.

What terrorists want: understanding the terrorist threat - Richardson, Louise, 2007
Book | Chapter 1.

Political terrorism: a new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories, &
literature - Alex Peter Schmid, Albert J. Jongman, 2005
Book | Chapter 1.

Critical terrorism studies: an introduction to research methods - Jacob L. Stump, Priya Dixit
, 2013
Book | Available in library and as e-book.

The Challenges of Conceptualizing Terrorism - Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Sivan

Hirsch-Hoefler, 2004
Article

Contending Cultures of Counterterrorism: Transatlantic Divergence or Convergence? - Wyn

Rees and Richard J. Aldrich, Oct., 2005
Article

Counter-terrorism, armed force and the laws of war - Adam Roberts, 2002-1
Article

Week 2: Making Sense of Terrorism from the Outside (8 items)

What is it that terrorists want? Are there any assumptions to be challenged in this?
How do these understandings shape counterterrorism policy-making? Or perhaps, is it the
other way around?
Does terrorism studies amplify the violence it is trying to counter?

Required Readings: (3 items)

Terrorism: how to respond - English, Richard, 2009
Book | Chapters 3 - 4.

Critical terrorism studies: a new research agenda - Richard Jackson, Marie Smyth, Jeroen
Gunning, 2009
Book | Chapters 2 - 3. Available in library and as e-book.

Postmodern Terrorism - Walter Laqueur, Oct., 1996

Article

Further Readings: (5 items)

3/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy - Max
Abrahms
Article

Contemporary debates on terrorism - Richard Jackson, Samuel J. Sinclair, 2012

Book | Chapters 7 & 8. Available in library and as e-book.

Lum, Cynthia; Leslie W. Kennedy and Alison J. Sherley. 2006. 'The Effectiveness of
Counter-Terrorism Strategies: A Campbell Systematic Review' Available at:

www.campbellcollaboration.org/lib/download/53/1010_R2.pdf

Six Rather Unusual Propositions about Terrorism - John Mueller, 2005-12

Article

What terrorists want: understanding the terrorist threat - Richardson, Louise, 2007
Book | chapters 2 - 4.

Week 3: Securitization and the Construction of Threat (12 items)

How accurate is the new/postmodern terrorism thesis?
What forms of counter-terrorism activity does such thinking lead to?
How is this related to the concept of securitization?

Required Readings: (3 items)

Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics - Michael C. Williams,
Dec., 2003
Article

Writing the war on terrorism: language, politics, and counter-terrorism - Jackson, Richard,
2005
Book | Chapters 1 - 2. Chapter 1 request for digitisation.

Neo-Orientalism and the New Barbarism Thesis: Aspects of Symbolic Violence in the Middle
East Conflict(s) - Dag Tuastad, Aug., 2003
Article

Further Readings: (9 items)

Discourses and practices of terrorism: interrogating terror - Brecher, Bob, Devenney, Mark,
Winter, Aaron, 2010
Book

Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire: Behavioral Reactions to Terrorist Attacks - Gerd
Gigerenzer, 2006-04
Article

In Case of Emergency: Misunderstanding Tradeoffs in the War on Terror. - Holmes,

4/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Stephen, Apr2009
Article

Scared Selfish: A Culture of Fear's Values in the Age of Terrorism - Mark Konty, Blythe
Duell and Jeff Joireman
Article

Monster, Terrorist, Fag: The War on Terrorism and the Production of Docile Patriots - J. K.
Puar, 2002-09-01
Article

Towards a Theory of Securitization: Copenhagen and Beyond - H. Stritzel, 2007-09-01

Article

Democracy and the war on terror: civil liberties and the fight against terrorism - Weinberg,
Leonard, Eubank, William L., 2008
Book

Securitization and the liberalism of fear - M. C. Williams, 2011-10-21

Article

Terrorism versus democracy: the liberal state response - Wilkinson, Paul, 2011
Book

Week 4: Radicalization: New Discourse of Entry into Political Violence

(16 items)
When did radicalization become a subject of study? Have other approaches looked at
peoples participation in political violence?
Further: Is radicalization the same process for everyone?
Does counter-terrorism discourse and policy play any part in radicalization?

Required Readings: (4 items)

Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories -
viewcontent.cgi - Randy Brorum, 2011
Article

Why conventional wisdom on radicalization fails: the persistence of a failed discourse -

Jonathan Githens-Mazer, Robert Lambert, 2010-07-05
Article

Critical terrorism studies: a new research agenda - Richard Jackson, Marie Smyth, Jeroen
Gunning, 2009
Book | Chapter 9. Available in library and as e-book.

The Concept of Radicalization as a Source of Confusion - Mark Sedgwick, 2010-09-14

Article

5/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Further Readings: (12 items)

British Muslims, multiculturalism and UK foreign policy: 'integration' and 'cohesion' in and
beyond the state - Shane Brighton, 2007-01
Article

The Logic of Terrorism: Terrorist Behavior as a Product of Strategic Choice - Martha

Crenshaw
Chapter

Social movements and violence: participation in underground organisations - Della Porta,

Donatella, 1992
Book

The Relationship between New Social Movement Theory and Terrorism Studies: The Role
of Leadership, Membership, Ideology and Gender - Caron Gentry, 2004-01
Article

From Profiles to Pathways and Roots to Routes: Perspectives from Psychology on

Radicalization into Terrorism - John Horgan, 2008
Article

Critical terrorism studies: a new research agenda - Richard Jackson, Marie Smyth, Jeroen
Gunning, 2009
Book | Chapter 11. Available in library and as e-book.

The Radicalization of Homegrown Jihadists: A Review of Theoretical Models and Social

Psychological Evidence - Michael King, Donald M. Taylor, 2011-09
Article

The London Bombers as Self-Starters: A Case Study in Indigenous Radicalization and the
Emergence of Autonomous Cliques - Aidan Kirby, 2007-04-17
Article

Friction: how radicalization happens to them and us - McCauley, Clark R., Moskalenko,
Sophia, 2011
Book

Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism - Clark McCauley,

Sophia Moskalenko, 2008-07
Article

A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Psychological Process in the Development of the

Terrorist - Max Taylor, John Horgan, 2006-12
Article

Terrorist Movements - Paul Wilkinson

Chapter

Week 5: Criminal Activity: UK Counter-Terrorism and Prevent (10 items)

6/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Prevent has been criticized for justifying the targeting of the Muslim population within the
UK. Has Prevent and UK counter-terrorism policy been effective or has it completely
backfired?

Required Readings: (5 items)

The counter-terrorism puzzle: a guide for decision makers - Boaz Ganor, 2005
Book | Chapter 7.

Prevent Documents:

The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, 2009 (Prevent)

Home Office. 2011. Prevent Strategy Review.

Home Office. 2011. Prevent Strategy

See below.

Prevent Documents - Home Office, 2011

Document

The problem with radicalization: the remit of Prevent and the need to refocus on
terrorism in the UK - Anthony Richards, 2011-01
Article

British Muslims and the UK government's war on terror within: evidence of a clash of
civilizations or emergent de-civilizing processes? - Stephen Vertigans, 2010
Article

Further Readings: (5 items)

Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy, July 2006. Available at:

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/272320/688
8.pdf

11 September 2001, Counter-Terrorism, and the Human Rights Act - Conor Gearty, 2005
Article

Liberty. 2010. 'Liberty's Response to the Home Office's Consultation on the Prevent Strand
of the UK Counter-Terrorism Policy,' December 2010. Available at:

http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/pdfs/policy11/response-to-home-office-consultation
-on-prevent-january-2011.pdf

MCB Prevent Strategy Briefing 2, September 2011: Rizwaan Sabir, youtube.co. Available

7/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

at:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8C-5goLOHJk

Democracy in the Light of Security: British and French Political Discourses on Domestic
Counter-Terrorism Policies - Anastassia Tsoukala, 2006
Article

Week 6: Case-study: Al Qaeda in London (16 items)

In the aftermath of 7/7 and the 2011 summer riots, multiculturalism has come under
increasing scrutiny. It is argued that in order to maintain security certain elements of
society must either be expelled or controlled. Mostly the focus has been on (radical)
Islamic elements. How helpful or harmful is this conventional wisdom?

Required Readings: (4 items)

Countering Al-Qaeda in London: police and Muslims in partnership - Lambert, Robert A.,
2011
Book

Githens-Mazer, Jonathan and Robert Lampert. 2010 Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim Hate
Crime: A London Case Study. University of Exeter. Available at:

https://www.counterextremism.org/resources/details/id/107/islamophobia-and-anti-muslim-
hate-crime-a-london-case-study

Kepel, Gilles. 2005. 'Europe's Answer to Londonistan,' openDemocracy.net, 24 August, 1-3.

Available at:

http://www.opendemocracy.net/conflict-terrorism/londonistan_2775.jsp

Londonistan: how Britain has created a terror state within - Phillips, Melanie, 2008
Book

Further Readings: (12 items)

Islamophobia - Allen, Christopher, 2010
Book

Islamophobia: the challenge of pluralism in the 21st century - Esposito, John L., Kalin,
Ibrahim, 2011
Book

Islamophobia: making Muslims the enemy - Gottschalk, Peter, Greenberg, Gabriel, c2008
Book

Contemporary debates on terrorism - Jackson, Richard, Sinclair, Samuel J., 2012

8/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Book | Chapters 6 & 8.

Critical terrorism studies: a new research agenda - Richard Jackson, Marie Smyth, Jeroen
Gunning, 2009
Book | Chapter 11. Available in library and as e-book.

Framing Muslims: stereotyping and representation after 9/11 - Morey, Peter, Yaqin, Amina,
2011
Book

Muir, Hugh, Laura Smith and Robin Richardson. 2004. Islamophobia: Issues, Challenges
and Action-A Report by the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia Research.
Trentham Books LTD. Available at:

http://www.insted.co.uk/islambook.pdf

Policing Terrorism: A Threat to Community Policing or Just a Shift in Priorities? - John

Murray, 2005-01
Article

Murray, John. 2005. 'Policing Terrorism: A Threat to Community Policing or Just a Shift in
Priorities?' Police Practice and Research, 6 (4), 347-361.

Race, terror and civil society - A. Sivanandan, 2006

Article

Tyler, Tom R.; Stephen Schulhofer; and Aziz Huq. 2010. 'Legitimacy and Deterrence Effects
in Counter-Terrorism Policing: A Study of Muslim Americans,' New York University Public
Law and Legal Theory Working Papers, Paper 182. Available at:

http://lsr.nellco.org/nyu_plltwp/182

Do Policies of Multiculturalism Change National Identities? - Varun Uberoi, 2008-10-08

Article

Week 7: Act of War: War on Terror (17 items)

Clearly the moniker the War on Terror is political discourse stemming from the two main
political parties in the U.S. The Republican Bush Administration declared it and the
Democratic Obama Administration ended it. First, can there be a war on terror?
Second, why might this discourse be employed? Third, is it over?

Required Readings: (5 items)

Is the War on Terror Just? - A. J. Bellamy, 2005
Article

President Bush 2002's Address to West Point Graduates (Bush Doctrine) Available online.

9/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

What We're Fighting For A Letter From America

Webpage

Elshtain, Letter to America

Writing the war on terrorism: language, politics, and counter-terrorism - Jackson, Richard,
2005
Book

Further Readings: (12 items)

Understanding global terror - Ankersen, Christopher, O'Leary, Michael, 2007
Book

No Pain, No Gain? Torture and Ethics in the War on Terror - Alex J. Bellamy, Jan., 2006
Article

Just war against terror: the burden of American power in a violent world - Jean Bethke
Elshtain, 2004
Book | Introduction, chapters 1, 2, 10, 11, 12. Available in library and as e-book.

Law, ethics, and the war on terror - Evangelista, Matthew, 2008

Book

The counter-terrorism puzzle: a guide for decision makers - Ganor, Boaz, 2005
Book | Chapter 3.

Contemporary debates on terrorism - Richard Jackson, Samuel J. Sinclair, 2012

Book | Chapter 12. Available in library and as e-book.

Failures of Just War Theory: Terror, Harm, and Justice - F. M. Kamm, 2004
Article

Debating terrorism and counterterrorism: conflicting perspectives on causes, contexts, and

responses - Gottlieb, Stuart, 2010
Book | Part 2.

America's war on terror - Hayden, Patrick, Lansford, Tom, Watson, Robert P., 2003
Book

Counter-terrorism, aid and civil society: before and after the war on terror - Howell, Jude,
Lind, Jeremy, 2009
Book

Jean Bethke Elshtain's Just War Against Terror: A Tale of Two Cities - C. O'Driscoll, 2007
Article

The Bush Doctrine and war with Iraq - Jeffrey Record, 2003
Article

10/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Week 8: Act of War: Targeted Killings from 'Decaitation' to Drone

Strikes (9 items)
Under international law and arguably U.S. domestic law, the death of Osama bin Laden in
May 2011 was illegal as a political assassination. Yet, a debate was opened by various
sources, including Israel and the Bush administration (and others), for the legality of
targeted killings. Like other debates in counter-terrorism, this is an ethical dilemma to be
pondered.

Required Readings: (4 items)

Moral dilemmas of modern war: torture, assassination, and blackmail in an age of
asymmetric conflict - Gross, Michael L., 2010
Book | Chapter 5.

Masters, Jonathan. 2012. 'Targeted Killings,' Council on Foreign Relations, 30 April:

http://www.cfr.org/counterterrorism/targeted-killings/p9627

Targeting terrorists: a license to kill ? - Avery Plaw, 2008

Book | Available in library and as e-book.

Covert war on terror | The Bureau of Investigative Journalism

Webpage

Further Readings: (5 items)

The counter-terrorism puzzle: a guide for decision makers - Ganor, Boaz, 2005
Book | Chapter 5.

Contemporary debates on terrorism - Jackson, Richard, Sinclair, Samuel J., 2012

Book | Chapters 10 & 11.

Israeli Counter-Terrorism: Targeted Killings under International Law - Kendall, J. Nicholas,

2002
Article

Killing Osama bin Laden: has justice been done? - Commons Library Standard Note - UK
Parliament
Webpage

Traub, James. 2012. 'The Wages of 9/11,' Foreign Policy, 6 April. Available at:

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/06/the_wages_of_911

Week 9: RESCHEDULED

Week 10: Multi-lateral Responsees: Police Footing or War Footing? (12

items)

11/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

What place do non-military, multilateral responses have in countering terror? Is it possible

to have a non-violent response to terrorism?

Required Readings: (3 items)

Uniting against terror: cooperative nonmilitary responses to the global terrorist threat -
David Cortright, George A. Lopez, 2007
Book | Chapter 2 - Global cooperation against terrorism: evaluating the United Nations
Counter-Terrorism Committee - David Cortright et al. Available in library and as e-book.

The United Nations, Counter Terrorism, and Human Rights: Institutional Adaptation and
Embedded Ideas - Rosemary Foot, 2007
Article

Institutions as swords and shields: multilateral counter-terrorism since 9/11 - Peter

Romaniuk, 2010
Article

Further Readings: (9 items)

An Opportunity for Renewal: Revitalizing the United Nations Counterterrorism Program -
James Cockayne, Alistair Millar, Jason Ipe, September 2010
Webpage

International Terrorism: Problems of Definition - John Dugard, 1974

Article

Terrorism, freedom, and security: winning without war - Heymann, Philip B., 2004
Book

Trojan Horses? USAID, Counterterrorism and Africa's Police - Alice Hills

Article

The counter-terrorism puzzle: a guide for decision makers - Ganor, Boaz, 2005
Book | Chapter 10.

International cooperation in counter-terrorism: the United Nations and regional

organizations in the fight against terrorism - Nesi, Giuseppe, 2006
Book | Particularly: Gioia, A. (2006) 'The UN Conventions on the Prevention and
Suppression of International Terrorism', pp. 3- 24.

The UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Regional and Subregional Bodies:

Strengthening a Critical Partnership - Eric Rosand, Alistair Millar, Jason Ipe, Michael Healey,
October 2008
Webpage

Before and after: The Changed UN Response to Terrorism Since September 11th - Nicholas
Rostow, 2001-2002
Article

Exporting the Patriot Act? Democracy and the 'War on Terror' in the Third World - Beth

12/13
11/19/17 Approaches to Counter-Terrorism | University of St Andrews

Elise Whitaker
Article

Week 11: Which way to go from here? (3 items)

What are the commonalities between the three different approaches? Can a
comprehensive and cohesive counter-terrorism policy be built between the three?

The counter-terrorism puzzle: a guide for decision makers - Ganor, Boaz, 2005
Book | conclusion / summary.

Critical terrorism studies: a new research agenda - Richard Jackson, Marie Smyth, Jeroen
Gunning, 2009
Book | Chapter 12. Available in library and as e-book.

Writing the war on terrorism: language, politics, and counter-terrorism - Jackson, Richard,
2005
Book | Chapter 6.

13/13