Akawaio English Dictionary and English Akawaio Index

2014 SIL International
For an interactive version of this dictionary, visit:

akawaio.webonary.org
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Akawaio-English Dictionary and English-Akawaio Index
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to these people who contributed significantly to the production of this work:
David Captain, SIL International

Dictionary Editor and Consultant
Nico Doelman, SIL International

Regional Director for the Caribbean, Project Sponsor
Credits
Cover design: Stephen M. Echerd
Cover photo: Jawalla Village Ray Stegeman
2014 SIL International 1

Introduction
The Akawaio language is spoken by 5,000 to 6,000 people, most of whom live in the
northwest section of Guyana, South America, with some living in far eastern Venezuela and
far north-central Brazil. The data in this bilingual dictionary was collected and organized
over a period of 14 years by Ray Stegeman and Dee Stegeman, language development staff
affiliated with SIL International, with the participation of many members of the Akawaio
language community throughout the Upper Mazaruni River area. The Stegemans worked
with the Akawaio community to complete various Akawaio language development projects,
including: a practical alphabet based on Akawaio phonology and morphophonology; over 30
literacy primers and reading books; the lexical database for this dictionary; and a
translation of the New Testament.
We hope that the Akawaio language community will continue to develop the lexical
database, to preserve this important part of their cultural heritage.
The Akawaio Alphabet

There are 17 letters in the Akawaio alphabet:
aeikmnoprstuwy
The Akawaio-English part of the dictionary is arranged alphabetically according to the above
order, with the exception of the "apostrophe" character , which is ignored in ordering.
Map
The reader is referred to relevant language maps on the Ethnologue website showing
locations of the Akawaio people group in Guyana and Venezuela at the following links:
Guyana language map - Ethnologue

Venezuela language map - Ethnologue

Abbreviations
add address opp opposite

adv adverb phon phonological
attrib attributive pl plural
cal calendar poss possessive
cf confer postp postposition
comp compound pron pronoun
conj conjunction prop property
der derivative quant quantifier
dev development scal scalar
dir direct spec specific
gen generic stat status
id idiom syn synonym
indir indirect var variant
interj interjection vi intransitive verb
n noun vr reflexive verb
nom nominal vt transitive verb
nprop proper noun
Note: In the English definitions all references to he, him, his etc. should also be taken to
refer to she, her, hers etc.

Dictionary Entries explained

By: David Captain
Akawaio-English Dictionary
The Akawaio-English dictionary entry has three primary parts. First is the
Akawaio headword, which appears in bold, slightly enlarged, blue type. Second is the
abbreviation for the grammatical part of speech, which is shown in italic type. (See the List
of Abbreviations where these are expanded.) Third is the definition, which gives the
meaning of the Akawaio word in English. This meaning may be expressed by one or more
equivalent words in English or by phrases that explain or clarify the meaning.
Sometimes an Akawaio word may have more than one meaning. These related meanings
are called senses. Multiple senses are introduced by consecutive numbers in bold type,
followed by a right parenthesis. If all the senses function as the same part of speech, that
designation is given before the first sense number. However, if any of the senses functions
differently, then every sense is marked with its own part of speech immediately following
the sense number.
There are times when two or more Akawaio words are spelled the same but with unrelated
meanings. These are called homonyms. Since they are actually different words, each will
occur as a separate entry with a small, lowered number at the end of each headword to
distinguish them.
Some entries include one or more example phrases or sentences following the definition.
These help to illustrate the meaning and use of the headword in a natural context. Each
Akawaio example in blue type is followed by its free translation in English in distinctive black
type.
A number of Akawaio words may have one or more alternate pronunciations, as used by
different speakers or in different areas. These variant forms are listed in
parentheses immediately after the headword in bold blue type, following the
abbreviation var:. The variant forms may also be found as minor entries in their respective
alphabetised locations. But these merely refer the reader to the main entry where the
lexical information is found.

Another type of variation, for the noun class of Akawaio words, is that of the possessed
form of a noun. Some Akawaio nouns must always occur in their possessed form, others
may never be possessed, and the rest may optionally be possessed or not. A description of
noun possession is to be included in an Akawaio grammar sketch that is in preparation.
Unfortunately, information on possession has not yet been obtained for all of the nouns in
this dictionary, but for those entries where it has been, the possessed form for second
person singular ("your ...") is placed in parentheses after the abbreviation poss:, following
the headword. Basically, the possessor of a noun is indicated by a preceding possessor
noun or by a possessor prefix on the noun. For example, the noun proroi, 'yard', may be
possessed by a noun, Father prorooi, 'Father's yard' or by a pronominal
prefix, prorooi, 'your yard'. However, many possessed nouns, though not all, require an
additional possessive suffix, as in the preceding example. It is the form of these possessive
suffixes (and whether or not they are required) that is not predictable for any given noun.
It is for this reason that the possessive forms, when known, are being included in their
respective dictionary entries. Finally, for those nouns known to never be possessed, that is
noted in parentheses at the beginning of the first sense of the entry. A fuller documentation
of noun possession remains open to future research.
In some cases, two or more different Akawaio words may share a lexical relation, based on
meaning or function. When these relationships have been noted, the related words are
cross-referenced to one another. An abbreviation of the label, in italics, for the type of
relationship they share is presented following the definition of the headword and any
examples that may be given. The related word or words, in bold blue type, then follows the
label, separated by a colon. Some common types of these relationships
are: synonyms, opposites, part-whole, generic-specific. There are other, less common,
relationships as well. For example, the calendar relationship cross-references the names for
the days of the week as well as for the seasons of the year. Stages, such as in the ripening
of fruit, is referenced by the development relationship. Corresponding forms
for direct and indirect address for some of the kinship terms are likewise cross-referenced.
In a number of cases, a simple confer label cross-references a word for which the nature of
the relationship has not been precisely identified. If a lexical relation applies to the
headword without regard to any sense distinctions, the cross-referenced word is presented
before any of the senses. If a cross-reference is to a specific sense of another word, that
sense number is appended to the cross-referenced word.

In the Akawaio language, there are a substantial number of complex forms: words that are
derived from other words, as well as compounds or idiomatic phrases formed from two or
more other words. In this dictionary these are usually presented as main entries containing
their full lexical information. The word from which they are formed and the type of
formation is included in parentheses following the headword. Generally, each complex form
is also included as a sub-entry, with limited lexical information, under the entry for the word
from which it is formed. This helps to demonstrate the relationship between the two. The
sub-entry is formatted like the main entry in which it occurs except that it is indented from
the left.
When it has been identified for some plant and animal terms, the scientific name is given, in
italics, immediately following the definition.
In a few cases, an entry, especially when it consists of a phrase, will have a meaning that is
different from the sum of its parts. Where this has been noted, the literal meaning is given
in parentheses after the abbreviation lit: at the end of the entry.
This dictionary also includes a number of affixes as entries. These can be recognised by the
hyphen that precedes or follows the "headword". These are not independent words but
rather are joined before (as a prefix) or after (as a suffix) to a suitable independent word
and modify that word's meaning in the way indicated by the explanatory definition.
English-Akawaio Reversal Index
The English-Akawaio reversal index presented here is not intended to be a dictionary.

Rather, it is generated from the database of the Akawaio-English dictionary and only
includes very basic information. Its purpose is to enable the user to search an index of
English glosses that reference one or more related Akawaio entries so that he or she may
then find the full dictionary information there in the Akawaio-English dictionary.
In the Browse section, the English gloss is presented in the first column, in black type. Then
the related Akawaio word or words are presented in the second column in purple type.
In the Download section, a PDF file of this reversal may be accessed. It presents somewhat
more information in a limited dictionary-format style. There the English gloss, in bold black
type, is given first. Then the headword from the related Akawaio entry is presented in bold
blue type. If the English word refers to a specific sense of the Akawaio entry, that sense
number follows the Akawaio word. Next the Akawaio part of speech is given in italics,

followed by the full English definition as given in the Akawaio entry. When the same English
gloss was generated from more than one Akawaio entry, this same basic information is
presented for each of those several Akawaio entries in their respective alphabetical order
within the English entry. No attempt was made to include the appropriate parts of speech
for the English words in this reversal index.

Demographic and Ethnographic

Information
By: Ray Stegeman
The name of the language

The language group is known to outsiders as Akawaio. No one I have met can give a
meaning for this term. It is a term used by other groups of Amerindians when referring to
the Akawaio.
The Akawaio use the term [kapo] /ka'pon/ in reference to themselves, which seems to
mean merely 'person' or, more specifically, 'Amerindian'. (This is opposed to /ene/ their
term for a foreigner or outsider.) As a postpositional phrase, ka pon can mean 'from the
sky', and they have stories about how the Akawaio people came to exist on the Earth,
having descended from Ma'kunaim, a demigod who came down from the sky through a
hole in the clouds. There is some disagreement, however, as to the veracity of this myth /
history. Some of them refuse this story outright, perhaps because of their relatively recent
embrace of Christianity, now feeling confident they have descended from Adam and Eve.
Some Akawaio use the term Ka'pon interchangeably with Akawayo to refer to themselves.
The 3-letter Ethnologue code for Akawaio is ake. Akawaio is the most common English
spelling of the people group name, while akawayo better reflects the syllable structure of
the word, as I understand it.
Ethnology
The dominant economic activities of the Akawaio are subsistence farming, fishing, hunting,
and more recently, mining for gold and diamonds. What little money can be made from
"porkknocking" (the coastland culture's term for small-scale mining) is spent on essential
items they cannot grow: matches, soap, clothes, etc. Alcoholism and prostitution are
relatively recently introduced social behaviors that sap some families of what little economic
advantages mining might bring. Also, environmental problems inherent with mining have
become endemic, including the pollution of river water the main source of drinking,
washing and bathing water. The destruction of fish habitats is also a concern, since fishing
is the main source of local protein available to the Akawaio. The Akawaio ecosystem
includes fishing, hunting for wild game, and farming of both virgin forest plots and those
they return to after fallow times, usually 2 10 acres at a time for any one extended family.
The familys land is often split into two or three different plots, started at different times of

the year. The crop is harvested little by little to provide for the immediate needs of the
family.
Their material culture is in a major flux at present with the changing economic picture
mining activities have brought. The Akawaio have a heritage of living very simply, with most
of what they need coming straight from the rain forest. In the past, many items from the
forest were used or fashioned into something useful to serve their unique, forest way of life.
But more recently, clay pots made from locally found clay have been largely replaced by
plastic and aluminum containers. Gourd scoops traditionally used as eating utensils have
been replaced by plastic and metal tableware. Metal knives and soup spoons are ubiquitous,
along with aluminum griddles used to make the traditional cassava bread. They used to
cook cassava bread their solid staple on large, flat stone griddles. Salt was found by
drying a particular river grass and grinding it up, but now, most people buy salt from a
nearby village store if they have some recent income from mining, teaching or one of the
other few paying jobs. Fine (small) fish hooks are used with plastic fishing line, and perhaps
a third of all families have a gun with which to hunt, largely replacing bows and arrows and
blow guns, although these are still made and often used by young boys to practice hunting.
The government is very careful to check for firearm licenses, and some Akawaio men have
been charged with carrying an unlicensed firearm (often using a gun belonging to a relative
or a deceased relative, before being able to transfer ownership).
Housing as practiced by the Akawaio is usually a compound method. A simply-made, thatch

roofed cookhouse is surrounded by sleeping houses, the number and size being dependent
on the size of the extended family living together. This constitutes their living situation in
and around the village, but village living is a relatively recent, adopted way of life for them.
Before missionary exposure on a continual basis, the Akawaio were living near their farms
and away from rivers and each other in extended family settlements. More recently, the
benefits of living near the rivers (for steady water supply and ease of travel) and, in
particular, being nearer to schools, churches and clinics, the Akawaio have adapted to more
of a communal village life; however, they prefer to spend school holidays away from the
village, and their housing in the bush is usually much more simple. Often, their farm
house consists of a wood frame with plastic tarpaulin tied down to the frame with rope
made from bark or vine. This provides shelter for the night, and during the day, they are all
out in the field taking care of their crops or hunting or fishing.
The Akawaio generally dislike traveling long distances by foot. This is probably due to their
beliefs about many malevolent bush spirits. They much prefer to travel by canoe, along the

creeks and rivers in the area. (It is also possible to fish while traveling this way.)
Akawaio boats are usually of two indigenous varieties; one is the yipi'p, or "woodskin"
canoe, and the other is the kanau, or "dugout" canoe. Outside influences have introduced
the wood plank boat and outboard motors, the latter of which can be put on the transoms
of dugouts as well as the wood plank boats although not on the woodskin ones. The
woodskins are made from the inner bark of the purple heart trees, m' ye', so they are often
called m' pi'p as well. After peeling away the outer bark of the tree, the boat maker peels
back an inner layer of the fallen tree and removes it from the trunk. After that, he trims the
ends down, cuts the sides of the ends away from the center third of the boat, and ties them
up with twine through holes. This holds the ends of the boat up and keeps water out. The
cuts down the sides need to be filled with clay, cotton or other materials, and often a clay
dam is put into the front and rear ends to temporarily allow the boat to take on more cargo
or persons without taking on water. The dugout canoes can be quite large and hold 40 or
more people all the way down in size to fit 2 to 4 people. In the making of a dugout canoe,
the trunk is cut down, burned out and shaved inside and outside to a uniform thickness.
The sides are often forced apart with sticks, to give the boat a wider cross-section. Then,
seats are installed, and the back end often has a transom installed the only way an
outboard engine can be put on. These dugout canoes can last a very long time 10 years
or longer as opposed to the more quickly made but more easily lost or borrowed
woodskin variety. Woodskins sink when swamped, but the dugouts float and are not as
easily lost. Woodskins can be brought back to the surface easily enough, if they are not
carried away by under water currents. It is a common habit to swamp ones own woodskin,
so that no one else knows it is there, so it will not be borrowed to cross the river and leave
the real owner stranded.
Cosmology
The Akawaio have stories about the beginning of humankind and about human that is,
Akawaio history. Ma'kunaim and his brother, Sik, came down to earth through a hole in
the sky. They enjoyed living on the earth and somehow (the woman part of the equation
was not mentioned to me) their progeny was begun. The Akawaio also have stories about
Akawaio people who turn into animals or stars, etc., possibly evoking a certain type of
brotherhood with the rest of creation. They also have certain ideas about death and burial,
a womans first menstruation, sickness and health, etc., that are unique to the Akawaio
people and cause them to have a unique way of thinking about their universe.

For the past three or four generations the Akawaio have been in contact with a variety of
different Christian denominations. This has led to a number of different changes in their
indigenous culture, outlook and worldview. It is difficult for most Akawaio to distinguish
between the older stories and the way Christianity is being lived out in their area. Often the
stories are mixed together. I have heard certain preachers talk about good and evil in a
perpetual battle, which is more similar to the story of Ma'kunaim and his brother and less
similar to the Christian teaching of Christs eventual, complete victory over Satan and sin.
Demography
The Akawaio language is spoken by 5,000 to 6,000 people sparsely populating the Lower
and Upper Mazaruni river basins, north and east of Mount Roraima, the dividing point
between Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil. Some Akawaio travel between the three countries in
search of work or carrying out evangelistic missions, although I am uncertain of the number
of Akawaio who consider themselves residents of either Venezuela or Brazil. The opinion of
those in the Mazaruni area of Guyana is that relatively few do.
One largely Akawaio village, Chinauyeng, is located on the higher Pakaraima plain, a 4 5
hour walk from the highest navigable point on the Upper Mazaruni. It is the only Akawaio
village on the savannah. The others are in the rain forest. In this village, the people are a
mixture of Akawaio and Macushi (mbc), who are otherwise mostly in Brazil. Philipai village,
located along the upper reaches of the Kukui river (a tributary of the Upper Mazaruni), is a
mixture of Akawaio and Patamona (pbc) people. The Waramadong/Kai'kan area, in the
upper reaches of the Kamarang river, is a mixture of Akawaio and Pemon (Arekuna (aoc),
mostly located in Venezuela). The more centrally located villages with mostly all Akawaio
residents are Kambaru (the one small village near the mining town of Imbaimadai), Jawalla,
Kako and Kamarang, Kamarang being the district seat, with the only post office in the Upper
Mazaruni.
The Akawaio are the largest Amerindian group residing in the Upper Mazaruni and
Pakaraima plains. The other language groups coexisting with the Akawaio in this area (listed
above) are all related, Cariban languages. Other language groups that inhabit the Lower
Mazaruni with the Akawaio are the Caribs (car) and the Arawaks (arw). These two groups
are said to have lost most of their linguistic and cultural heritage, having co-existed with the
Afro- and Indo-Guyanese, along with the various European colonial influences, for extended
periods throughout the past few centuries.

The Akawaio interact easily with their fellow Amerindian groups, although, by-and-large,
they prefer to keep to themselves. They mix easily on social and friendly terms, especially
when relating within the unique Alleluia religious tradition, which was started among the
Macushi and readily adopted by the Akawaio. They seem to have a basic, mutual
understanding of their languages, but a few Akawaio stand out as being fluent across
language boundaries, either by their extensive travel or through intermarriage. The Akawaio
have a past reputation for being more war-like than their neighbors. (See bibliography,
including Rivire, 2006.) In my observation, no one Amerindian language group in the area
is dominant over or marginalized by any other, although the fact remains that they call the
other groups by names different from what they call themselves, and some of these terms
convey denigrating connotations. This may carry over into some negative interactions to
which I have not witnessed.
Amerindians in general are often socially and economically marginalized in the larger,
national scene, with Afro- and Indo-Guyanese often mistreating or taking advantage of
Amerindians, both along the coast and and in Amerindian communities, where the Afro- and
Indo-Guyanese often start small stores or mining operations. They feel free to employ
Amerindians for menial labor and then often dont pay them for long periods of time or
otherwise abuse them physically and emotionally. The Akawaio often feel marginalized
because of their lack of fluency in English (or, rather, in the Guyanese Creole English (gyn)
used by nearly all Afro- and Indo-Guyanese) and their lack of experience in matters related
to money and other unfamiliar cultural items.
Genetic affiliation
The Akawaio language belongs to the Carib language family. The languages closest to
Akawaio (ake) are the Pemon (aoc) (main Ethnologue entry under Venezuela), the
Patamona (pbc), and the Macushi (mbc) (main entry under Brazil). This is confirmed in the
data presented in Abbott's work (1991) and Gildea's (1998).
Previous research
There is very little linguistic work done on the Akawaio language. Dr. Audrey Butt-Colson
(1973, 1998, and in collaboration with H. Deiter Heinen, 1983-84) has done much
anthropological research, and some of her work is anthro-linguistic in nature, tying linguistic
features to cultural items with interesting conclusions. Gildea (1998) has written much
about reconstructing Cariban words and syntax, and he has included some Akawaio data
from various sources.

The sociolinguistic situation

Most Akawaio adults residing in Guyana are marginally bi-lingual in English (the national
language), although almost all their children are raised learning Akawaio first. The parents
believe they teach their children English, and they do, in a pedantic fashion, using simple
commands and very limited vocabulary. But they say their children learn Akawaio when
they go to school, from their classmates, who are all also being taught only English at
home! This reflects an interesting understanding of language and learning. They dont see
themselves as having learned their first language an insight into how completely
indivisible they see their ethnic and linguistic identities.
A few of the Akawaio people cross over into Venezuela and, to a lesser extent, Brazil, in
search of work. There, they learn some Spanish or Portuguese, but not usually at a fluent
level. Very few Akawaio are completely monolingual, since a school education is highly
valued, and has been for the past 50 years or so. Many Akawaio are very good English
readers, but in conversation, it is obvious that most have trouble understanding and
communicating well in English. It is perhaps true that more Akawaio women than men are
monolingual, since it is more common for the men to work with outsiders in mining. For a
few Akawaio, their English abilities are better than many Afro- or Indo-Guyanese, who are
often not well-educated and mostly speak the Guyanese Creole English. This is another
reason for the Akawaio feeling marginalized in their dealings with this set of people.
Almost all Akawaio adults and children choose to use Akawaio in oral communication
settings with their peers. They use English in church services and sermons (where
denominational literature in English is prevalent). They also record meeting minutes in
English, although most meetings are conducted in Akawaio.
The Akawaio feel that their language is not a real language, but only a dialect. (They are
told this by many Afro- and Indo-Guyanese.) They do not often correct each other in their
speech, but they talk about how funny or oddly some other Akawaio people speak, when
using a particular idiolect. They do not seem proud of their language and culture, but tend
to be shy and embarrassed, speaking little about these in the presence of outsiders. When
asked to repeat something, they will nearly always restate/rephrase it, instead of repeating
word-for-word. I feel this may be in part due to a cultural effect that reflects an
embarrassment about their use of their language, perhaps brought about by this common
way of talking about anothers speech. The question is often asked to confirm some word or
grammatical feature, but when the idea is rephrased, the word or feature is lost and left
unconfirmed. The Akawaio adults are often ashamed to attend literacy classes, even though

their oral ability in their mother tongue is completely fluent. This may also be due to the
fact that many school children do attend the literacy classes, and the adults do not want to
be grouped together with them in a pupil/teacher social context. Akawaio people will often
switch to English when outsiders are present, even when speaking with foreigners who
know Akawaio. Multilingual Akawaio speakers almost completely use Akawaio in peer
situations, family situations, and in the unique Alleluia tradition, which could be considered
using part Akawaio and part Macushi (from which the Alleluia tradition comes). They use
English (or the Guyanese Creole English) in schools and churches, especially to read
prayers, English Scripture, sing hymns, etc., although preaching is often done in Akawaio
(peppered with English phrases for Christian concepts not easily translatable/not yet
translated).
Almost all Akawaio children learn Akawaio as their first language. They remain monolingual
through to their first year in grade school. There are pressures to learn more English as
children grow older and have a chance to gain a secondary education or to work with
coastlander miners. There seem to be no pressures to reject their own language, except in
relation to interacting with outsiders. The recently retired Anglican Bishop, for example, is
Afro-Guyanese, and in his visits to the Anglican churches in the Upper Mazaruni, he insisted
on no Amerindian language being spoken at any official function or meeting while he was
present, although he knows they use their first language when he is not present. The
recently new Anglican Bishop has encouraged Anglican Akawaio to translate portions of the
Anglican prayer book, including the Eucharist service. Akawaio are pressured to reject using
their first language among coastland miners in the area. In villages with a Seventh-Day
Adventist (SDA) presence, Akawaio are encouraged to use more English than in other
Akawaio villages, possibly due to the relatively greater amount of denominational resources
available to them from the outside, most often from the United States. These pressures are
often localized so that, in my opinion, the Akawaio language is not endangered by them. I
believe there are no partially competent speakers, unless they are first from another
language group or from a mixed marriage, of which there are relatively few. There are
cultural pressures that seem to restrict the amount of Akawaio who marry outside their own
culture/language.

There are loan words in regular use by the Akawaio from the following languages, often
representing items introduced to their worldview by outside forces:
English tepi' - tablet (referring to pills, or any medicine)
kra' - clock
ensin - engine
ti'sa - teacher
so'si - church
mai'premu - my friend (borrowed as a phrase, to mean 'friend')
Spanish pero - dog
kone'o - rabbit
sapato - shoe
paka - cow
prata - money (plata is Spanish for 'silver,' or 'money')
Dutch puru'ku - pants
Many English verbs are easily borrowed with the productive Akawaio suffix -ma, as below:
to' e- mari ma 'p
N detrans- V -denom T
3.pl marry -p
'They became married.'
Many words are shared with nearby, related languages and possibly other nearby, unrelated
ones, including the vocabulary used in the Alleluia church, but this has not yet been a focus
of my research.
Dialects
The Akawaio themselves often talk of fellow Akawaio speakers from different areas and how
they speak differently from themselves. This difference often represents the relative use or
disuse of certain affixes common within the language. Pronunciation is often mentioned as a
difference, where certain regular vowel changes are made. Some vocabulary is different,
possibly due to the influence of surrounding languages on the borders of Akawaio territory,
as mentioned earlier.
Examples:
The word s i'k come is pronounced i'k in Chinauyeng.
The suffix -pt continuous or repetitive action is used more in Pipiri'pai village, and often
it is reduplicated, p'pt, which is rare elsewhere.
Pipiri'pai people use the -na'ne' (describe it here) suffix more often than Akawaio from other
villages.

I have not studied dialect variation. Some differences in vowel pronunciation and syllable
deletion have been noted, but no significant or regular variation within the language
boundaries or among the people who understand each other has been confirmed. The late
Dr. Desrey Fox (2003) has described in her PhD thesis the 3 dialects she believes exist in
her home village of Waramadong. I have most often spent time in the village of
Usariwara'pai (the indigenous pronunciation of Jawalla, meaning group of jaguars), along
the Upper Mazaruni river at the mouth of the Kukui river. This has served well as a central
location among the Akawaio of the Upper Mazaruni and, I feel, has led to collecting
Akawaio linguistic data of a more pure nature than, say, collecting data from some of the
villages that are closer to or intermingled with other language influences.

file:///C:/Users/Public/Akawaio_dictionary_2014-06-14.xhtml
Aa
making the snake come out from the tree trunk.
a n 1) mortar ayak your mortar opp: aino2 1 . 2)
hole in wooden trunk, used for pounding corn or aima vt sew Pon ton aima uya. I am sewing
other grain clothes.
a- (phon. var: ay-) (cf: mr, -) 1) you, second aima var. of eima
person verb prefix Aupakap. You woke up. 2) aimara n a variety of large, river fish, good for
your, second person noun prefix ayarokooi your eating, found in Lower Mazaruni River region
hat Macrodon trahira
-a var. of -ya aimenka vt 1) judge someone's behaviour as
aai (cf: amai, nono, kokoi, wawa) n 1) worthy of punishment or acclaim syn: menka 1
. 2) check a dead body for marks of abuse or
mother, direct address indir add: san 1 . 2)
cursing
mother, direct address to a woman who serves
the role of one's mother or grandmother 3) aimerunpa vt cause someone to be in pain
grandmother, direct address 4) aunt, in
particular, one's father's brother's wife or one's
utaimerunpa (der.) 1) vi restless 2) vi itch 3)
vi writhe 4) vr pained
mother's sister, direct address cf: nana ; indir
add: san 2 . aimunan n
ai n a variety of wild dog aimune (var: tapimnan; var: aimutun)
-ai var. of -i2 something or someone white Wak pe aimune
ws esip iwoi. There was nice, white sand
aika vt clear a plot of land of underbush, the start
there. opp: ikrn 2 . (attrib.: aimunan)
of cutting for farming Tmainar kon aikap
aimutun var. of aimune
ina uya. We cleared the underbush from our farm.
aimrnpa vt scatter
aiko 1) nom something small Aiko pe kanau esi.
opp: eke 1 . 2) interj
The canoe is small. ain interj Oh!; expressing regret Ain! To utp.
expression of regret 3) interj expression of Oh! Too bad! They went away.
surprise ain var. of aino1
aiku (cf: tuna pe) nom 1) rainy weather Aiku
aino3 n 1) lock 2) bolt
pe pata esi. The place is wet. (It's a rainy day.) 2)
ainot (der.) vt lock
something wet opp: amun .
aikwa vt a chemical burn, as pepper on skin aino4 n a long muscle that holds the kidneys in
place
anta aikwak! Burn your mouth (with pepper)!
aino2 n 1) pestle, as for grinding corn opp: a 1 .
aima vt poke, as a stick into a hole 2) a long stick used to stretch the matapi when
Aimaptp iya, ekwapi ya r ki squeezing grated cassava tenki aino matapi
ewonsa pe ekamap iya. He poked at it, stick

aino1 (var: ain) vt fry, parch Moro aino uya. I aita (cf: rui) n 1) brother; indirect address 2)
am frying the fish. father; indirect address cf: kipn1 1 .
ainot (der. of aino3) vt lock, bolt aitank vt boil down a liquid until it becomes
ainm vi escape (der.: ainnpa) thick To uma aitankp iya. She boiled
down their pepper pot.
ainnpa (cf: itapa) vt chase, cause to run or
escape Iyainnpap iya. He chased him. aitaraku (var: aisaraku) n a variety of fruit
that has a bumpy, yellow skin; sour flavour
akwar ainnpa (id.) vr grieve
aitawainan nom plenty Apne pra
Aipiripin nprop the name given to a prophet in itunakwaai ton esip wak ton n
the Alleluia church
aitawaina nan n. Because there are plenty
aipita vi scream Iyaipitap. She screamed. places to bathe where there is good water.
aipo vt smoke out wasps or other pests from aitn n a variety of woodpecker
one's house or other building Marupa am aitou something flat Pita enukup aitou pan
aipop uya pmi ke. I smoked out the bats ut nakapu pona premai. Peter went up to
with pepper. the house's flat roof to pray.
aip nom something dry; something dead, as in aituma vt make something or someone go fast
grass or trees Aip pe wana esi. The grass is Mrpan ipan pe nin si, Sir Benson uya
dry. opp: isenan 1 ; opp: aser 1 . (der.: insin aitumap mr. When (he realized) I was
aipta) so sick, Sir Benson sped up the engine.
aipta vi 1) be or become withered or skinny r aitun var. of aitune

pe iyesi ke ayaiptasa? What has made you aitune (var: aitun) nom one who is fast or
skinny? Iyaiptasa. He became skinny. 2) be or quick Iyesaratp aitune pe. He started
become dried (der.: aiptank) quickly. opp: tnn . (der.: aituma)
aiptank vt make dry Pata ipt aiyunu n onion
aiptankp iya. She dried flowers.
aka2 (var: kaka) interj an expression of
air1 adv exactly Mr kasa piyaima am air experiencing unexpected pain
umatp. And so those very same giants came to aka1 vt 1) dig Wa yen akap uya. I dug a latrine.
an end. Nai air iyentup? Where exactly was akasa pit (lit. an old digging) 2) pick Utn pai
he born?
kayarap akasena sapa pe ikonekaton.
air2 postp near Pero ewasupsa father Let's go to pick kaya'ra'p to make face paint.
prorooi air. The dog messed nearby Father's Aka nprop the name given to a creek about 20
place. minutes above Enpimti, along the Upper
aisaraku var. of aitaraku Mazaruni River Aka ken A'ka creek mouth
aisin nom busy akama vt 1) spoil 2) destroy the use of

something, make something so that the intended
aisit var. of asit1 user is unable to enjoy the intended benefits of

it 3) wound, injure Usari akamap uya. I akitar n the middle one of a set of older and
injured the deer. 4) fail to achieve one's intended
younger objects, like siblings to akitar
goal
iyesi. He is their middle one - in height or in age.
akaman var. of akamana
akitikwa vt break up Eki akitikwak. Break up
akamana (var: akaman; poss:
the cake of cassava bread.
ayakamanaai) (cf: mtana ye, mtana
utakitikwa (der.) vr broken
pen) nom hunter Akamana pe ut ser. I go
now as a hunt man. syn: ontman . akiyau (var: ayau) n a variety of spiny-
trunked palm tree with small nuts for fruit
akami n a variety of wild bird easily tamed,
ak adv a form of agreement with what has just
similar to powis bird, warakabura, trumpet bird
syn: namai . been said "Ksekamai!" "Ak." "Don't say it!"
"That's right (don't say it)."
akamisarai n a group of tigers, bad ones, that
akr (cf: poi) postp with To utp Wrenton
eat people
akr. They went with Wrenton.
akane n a short time or visit Akane pe ut
mr. I am going for a short visit.
akt var. of akt
akank vt spill out Mrpan yau, imatap, ako nom 1) something near Ako pe to esi. They
iyetoikwap, twe takanse. In that place, are nearby. 2) something closed Itakosa. It is
he died, he burst open, and his own insides spilled closed. opp: akoka .
out.
akoka (cf: ekarima) vt open Shop akokap
akap n a part of something Enpoikakaap uya. I opened the shop. opp: ako 2 ; syn:
rkw r Akawayo pe ta tane, Enkeresi pe warauka 1 .
akap r kanan. When I translate into Akawaio,
utakoka (der.) vr open
part of it is still in English.
akarasa (cf: wairawo; cf: kuran; cf: maipa; akon (poss: ayakon) n 1) younger brother for a
male; direct address and also indirect address
cf: poro1) n a variety of fruit tree, waiti (brown
pods) Ina akon ton our brothers 2) Christian brother 3)
sister, for a woman, direct address and also
akare n (non-possessed) alligator indirect address
akaru var. of akwa1 akono n someone false in his behaviour, a
akarut var. of akwart hypocrite, a liar
akono n neighbour
akaruwa (cf: tennank) n a variety of small,
colourful fish, often caught in traps gen: kura . akonoma1 vt offer, as in an item of food or
drink, to a visitor Nakonomakapi kanan. He
akin (cf: saman) 1) nom a dry quality,
offered him (drink) again.
especially referring to grass when it is hard to
cut, after the dew has evaporated Akin pe akonoma2 vt 1) beat, hit Mrpan
wana esi. The grass is dry. 2) n (non-possessed) akonomaptp inop uya. And his wife beat
hard-to-cut grasses and weeds him. 2) punish

akonpi n 1) brother-in-law, direct address to aku pana a variety of mushroom, similar in

akonpi their brother-in-law indir add: ese 1 . 2) shape to an agouti's ear Mycena filicina
cousin, direct address indir add: ese 2 . 3) akukumiri n a variety of plant part of which is
male used as medicine
akonta n neighbour; not close family relations akun vt 1) colour Kareta akunp Hannah
akoro vt 1) dam, usually damming a stream to uya. Hannah coloured the paper. 2) spread, cover
catch fish Ma akoro uya. I am blocking (the Ur bake akunp uya peanut butter ke. I
spread my bake with peanut butter.
stream with) a ma'. ma akonin one who blocks a
creek with a ma' 2) block To uya eposa atai, akupisi n 1) a variety of wild bean plant, bora
Vigna sesquipedalis 2) a variety of black-eyed
n uya r nawon imrataai apai t beans 3) a variety of red or brown beans
amasa enep to uya akorop ike. When
Akupta nprop the name given to a creek along
they found it (the tomb), someone had moved from
the doorway what was blocking it.
the path between Pipiri pai and Amoko kupai
akoroka vt 1) sweep ut akorokap uya. I akuruta2 vi be or become sick or ill Tikin nan
swept out the house. syn: iseka . 2) clear land of n soisa akurutasa esip. One of the soldiers
became sick.
grass or trees
akoron (poss: ayakoron) n foam on the akuruta1 vt 1) pick Iyakurutasa rp aroi
surface of the river, due to rapids or falls in the tnase. He picked cashew fruit to eat it. 2) harvest
vicinity
akusa (poss: ayakusaai) n 1) sewing needle 2)
akoronta vi foam, especially foaming at the syringe
mouth Mrpan mta akoronta. And his mouth akusa n half a metal drum used to set the
foams.
cassava drink pot on to cook the cassava drink
akoruwan nom 1) something beautiful, akuse (poss: ayakuseei) n a soft type of
colourful, especially referring to birds cassava bread, made from cassava grated the
Akoruwan pe toron esi. The bird is colourful. 2) same day; fresh cassava bread sclr prop:
the male bird, or the more colourful of any bird ekenan 1, akuse, py .
pair syn: tmenukenan ; cf: makup 3 .
akut vt using something for the first time Sarai
akorka n a variety of grape-like fruit, green in akut uya. I am using my new comb.
colour, turning purple when ripe syn: makarin
ak2 (poss: ayak) n 1) contents of pepperpot;
1.
fish, meat, etc. tuma ak contents of the tuma 2)
akoto (cf: kanau) n (non-possessed) a variety of contents or items contained in something
tree used for making woodskin canoes, tritle tnono kon ak the minerals in their land
tree
ak3 n a variety of weevil
aku n (non-possessed) agouti Dasyprocta agouti
(id.: aku pana) ak n jewellery; adornaments to the body
Aku ken nprop the name given to a creek mouth ak1 n (non-possessed) bee wi ak day's bee,
along the Upper Mazaruni River, between locust (so named because it sings during the day,
Ipana'muru pai and Imbaimadai especially during hot, sunny periods)

akp nom something nearly ripe, soon to be bright 2) n light
ready to eat, as in fruit Akp pe mango esi. akwaka vt brighten ut akwakak. Brighten up
The mango is soon ripe. dev: akra 1, akp, the house. (Turn on the lights.) (der.: utakwaka)
isaramenu, isuweyu, ukta . akwar ainnpa (id. of ainnpa) vr grieve
akra (cf: isenan) nom 1) fruit that is green, Ayakwar ksainnpai! You mustn't grieve!
unripe Akra pe apa esi. The avocado is not akwar imaka (id. of imaka) vr grieve
ripe. dev: akra 1, akp, isaramenu, akwar moka (id. of moka) vr grieve
isuweyu, ukta ; opp: isuweyu . 2) Ayakwar kmokai! Don't grieve!
premature, as in a baby born prematurely syn:
amiyu . akwarka2 vt 1) force, compel
ayakwarkakap uya pen n I didn't keep on
akrank vt tickle syn: sakaisakaima .
forcing you 2) take something by force (lit: take
akre ke something insufficient to meet the away ones spirit)
need Akre ke pe to ikiyari esi. Their food akwarka1 vt 1) depress 2) beg, implore, ask
is insufficient. strongly or with strong feeling To uya
akret vt 1) endure akretto pe Krai akwarkap, "Tpikatsen ye pe kuru
ntrp the endurance that Christ gave syn: pse r warawo esi," tap to uya. They
moronka . 2) withstand; put up with begged him, "This man is our great helper," they said.
(der.: utakwarka)
akta vt bore, make a hole in something like a
akwarp n 1) shadow 2) spirit of a dead
weevil, or ak Iyaktasa. It was bored.
person
akt vt decorate
akwart (var: akarut) vt fill (der.:
akt vt add meat to soup utakarut)
akt (var: akt) vt 1) cut Warawo uya akweta var. of aweta
piyaima apon sinkokoi aktp. The boy ama1 vt move Amak. Move it. Apono amap
cut the vine, the giant's seat. Yi aktp uya. I
uya. I moved the bench.
cut down the tree. syn: itaka . 2) harvest 3)
utama (der.) vr move
shear
akwa1 (var: akaru; poss: ayakwar) n 1) ama2 (poss: ayamaai) n hammer
spirit Papa Akwar God's Spirit 2) sense; good ama (poss: ayamato) nom thief Ama pe
sense or wisdom Mr r asip uya upai tau warawo esip. The boy was as a thief (he was
nin si, upai akwar ke. I held that in my head; secretive/thief-like).
with my good sense. 3) life, the essence of a
Ama nprop the name given to a creek on the
person (comp.: Papa Akwar (see under Upper Mazaruni, topside from Jawalla on the
Papa) ) left.
akwa (poss: yekwe) n 1) hammock 2) bed Ama Arepu nprop the name given to a place
along the Upper Mazaruni River (but where?)
akwa2 (poss: ayakwarii) 1) nom something

amai (cf: aai, nono, kokoi, wawa) n 1) ewan aminta heartburn, or a hot belly
in his belly.
2) reheat, as in warming up leftover food for the
grandmother, direct reference (?) syn: kokoi .
next meal
2) mother, direct address
amintank vt 1) heat, make something hot
amama vt steal, take something belonging to
someone else Tma amintankp iya. She heated her
own tuma. 2) arouse
violence in someone by
amam vi be or become wet one's talk
amam vi swell up, as an abcess Tanporo amip (poss: ayamip) 1) nom the smallest
ipun amanptp ipikatnin pra r. All his one of a group opp: epoto ; whole: miya ;
abcesses swelled up (so they were) no help (to him). syn: miya amip . 2) nom last child born in a
aman n boa constrictor Constrictor constrictor family 3) n last in a line of brothers and/or
sisters 4) n baby toe 5) n baby finger emiya
amanaw n a type of music
amip smallest finger; pinky
amanka vt soak O kanp amankap uya. I
amiso n a variety of soup (tuma) made with
soaked the dried meat. opp: amunaka ; syn: cassava leaves (eki are)
ikurinsa 1 .
amiyu nom premature Amiyu pe iyesi. He is
amanon (poss: ayamanom) nom 1) premature. syn: akra 2 .
something or someone beautiful; a nice, young
woman Amanon pe iyesi. She is beautiful. 2)
am vt build; as in a house ut amp uya. I
someone or something pretty built a house. Eta mamyan pe? Are you putting
amansa n abscess up leaves (for a trash roof)? syn: usewat 2 .
amara n stick with forked end, used to pick fruit amma vt catch Aimara ammapai tesi p ene
r moronkap iya. He wanted to catch aimara
amariwa n 1) a variety of snake 2) a folkloric fish so bad he was willing to suffer for it.
snake
amokoma vt 1) roll into a ball, coil 2) put one's
amariwakpan nom 1) an evil spirit Sises
hair into a bun Uyipai amokomap uya. I
uya kapon am epitptp paran pokon put my hair up in a bun.
kon, mr awonsik amariwakpanan n.
amokoro vt 1) wrestle Ipi amokorop iya.
Jesus was healing many people of their diseases and
He wrestled his older brother. 2) crumple or mash
evil spirits. 2) someone having seizures or fits,
someone suffering from the bite of an amariwa' something
snake utamokoro (der.) vr 1) wrestle each other 2)
amerum vi make a sound, like rain in the wrestle oneself
distance as it approaches Tuna amerum. The amon (poss: yamon) n 1) bundle Mr atai
rain is sounding. insin uya sikaru amon auromp eke pe.
amika vt lick, especially to lick one's lips Tepi Then, an engine wrapped/tied large bundles of sugar
cane. 2) coil
amikap iya. He licked his lips.
amoro nom 1) something rotten kaikan
aminta vi 1) be or become heated Turare ewan
amorop a rotten armadillo 2) something brittle
si aminta esaratp. Turare began to feel hot
or easily broken Amoro pe warisa esi. The

warishi is broken/rotten/falling apart. tooth ache
amoroko n grandfather amipa vt draw, perhaps

amorka vt 1) throw down 2) break amra vi gather, collect, crowd together eke pe
esamorka (der.) vr feel bad iyamrasa kon the large gathering Mr atai
aiko ton rkw amrap. At that time, many
utamorka (der.) (var imo1) vr thrown
down small (fish) came together. (der.: amrank)
amota vi be or become rotten ut puru uya amrank vt collect Sises uya tpoitor
iyamota namai. I am smoking the thatch on the ton amransa. Jesus gathered his own
house so it doesn't rot. disciples. eki amransa a backpack full of
cassava tubers
amu (poss: ayamu) n 1) source, head Kukui
amu Kukui River head 2) river bottom 3) the amre nom 1) someone acting greedily Amre
bottom of any object kanau amu the bottom of pe pra et! Don't you all be greedy! 2) someone
who collects things, often for himself
the boat 4) base Mrpan uya iyamu yau t
pona yapon nonka. And he puts (the foundation amrenm vi 1) hoard, keep to oneself
of the house) on the rock at the base. Prata eposa tuya nokon atai to
amuku vt 1) collect Imn si amukuima eta amrenmp itonpa pe r prata arp
pona. He collected his blood in a leaf. 2) pack up itaanp uya Peter piya. They got money, kept
some for themselves, and took the rest to Peter. 2)
Tekwe am rkw r amuptp to
withhold (der.: amrennpa)
uya. They packed up their hammocks. 3) pick up
amrennpa vt make someone hoard
amun n (non-possessed) dry land something
Iyekanwakap tosar amun pona. Straight
amt nom among Ina amt pe iyesip. He
away, he got out of the boat onto dry land. opp:
aiku 2 . was among us. syn: itaperka .
an var. of an
amuna vi 1) be or become dried up Tuna yen
amunap. The puddle dried up. 2) be or anai (poss: ayanasi) n corn Gramineae
become warm Mrpan inonkap to uya anaika (var: kanaai) n (non-possessed) a
apo piya iyamunato pe. And then they set variety of fan-headed parrot Deroptyus
him aside by the fire so he could warm up. accipitrinus
amunaka vt dry Upai amunakap uya. I anako n a variety of red-bellied bird
dried my hair. opp: amanka . Anaren nprop the name given to a settlement up
amuru n dust the A'taro River, off the Kukui River
anasakawa n 1) a variety of locust 2) a variety
am more than one Mre am
of bird
uyeepptp. many children kept on coming.
ane nom something hot, as in temperature or
ami n something that causes something to
intensity of the sun Ane pe pata esi. The
happen kruwa ami sugar - what causes a
place/weather is hot. opp: komi ; sclr prop:

ane, inkenan, komi . Anomra atai, praki patatp ina uya.

At midnight, we planted the flag.
ani (poss: ayanii) n tongue
anont n a variety of tree, the fruit of which is
ani krkr var. of anikura
used to make body paint, annato Bixa orellana
anikura (var: ani krkr) n 1) gill of a syn: karapiyap1, sapa1 1 .
fish moro anikura fish's gill 2) the base of the anpa n (non-possessed) a variety of frog good
tongue for eating, Krapo Hyla sp.
an (var: an) vt eat fish or other meat Moro anpisin 1) nom many items, especially people
anp uya. I ate fish. tansen edible, referring to anpisin eporimato pe plenty happy people 2) n
fish and meat
a crowd of people Iyeratp anpisin kapon
annpa vt separate n uya moka kon? n am takr twesan winki. He turned
uya ayannpa kon? Who can take you away? toward the crowd that was with him.
Who can separate you?
anpokoma var. of anpokma
ansa var. of tukui1
anpokma (var: anpokoma) vt disturb,
Ankauri tp nprop the name given to a trouble Umre uya uyanpokmap. My child
mountain (where?) disturbed me.
ankoruwa n a tattoo, given to Akawaio women utanpokma (der.) vr bother
on the inside of the forearm
ansama (var: esema) vt set a trap for any
anna adv publicly Isenpoikap anna Israel
kind of animal
am korota. He appeared publicly to the Jews.
anti n aunt; more specifically the sister of one's
annota n (non-possessed) a small, forested area mother
surrounded by savannah
anuku (cf: anm1) vt 1) collect To ptap
ano (var: anom) vt put something in the sun nin si anukup iya. He collected their footprints.
or near the fire for warmth Yi po rkw 2) pour syn: ent 3 .
tanopsen pe. He was on a stick warming himself
an vt 1) scratch 2) plow Non annin p
in the sun. Wi yau anonp esip. I was
iyesip He plowed the ground.
getting warm in the sun. Apo piyau anonp
esip. I was getting warm by the fire. ank vr to be or become scattered syn:
etrkwa 1 .
anoma vt 1) misplace, lose Upon anomap
uya. I lost/misplaced my shirt. 2) charm, make ank 1) vi overflow Kasiri ankp iwaai
someone lose their senses 3) confuse someone, apai. The cassava drink overflowed from its
cause someone to stray from what they know is container. 2) vt make a gas, as in the cassava
right Pse r uya kapon am anoma. This drink becoming alcoholic 3) vt give water to a
one is confusing the people. plant Aporos uya nin si inank mr.
utanoma (der.) 1) vr lost 2) vi lost 3) vi mad Apollos waters it.
anm vi groan iyanm pra r he was not

anom var. of ano
groaning
anomra n (non-possessed) midnight

anm1 (cf: anuku) vt 1) receive 2) take 3) pick Apasi nprop the widow at Zarephath, the woman
up Anmp uya. I picked it up. 4) buy syn: in the Bible whose flour and oil never ran out,
found in 1 Kings 17
ema1, enna2 . 5) accept 6) carry Mrpan
annkp to uya. They carried her. 7) Apatoka nprop the name given to a settlement
choose along the Middle Mazaruni, near Merum creek
utanm (der.) 1) vr select 2) vi selected 3) Apau nprop the name given to a creek near
vi lifted Imbaimadai
anm2 vt meet ape vi confess tape esi atai when you confess, . . .
esanm (der.) vi jump api vi 1) fall, in a figurative sense Itewan

apikap. His belly is falling./He is feeling
annk vt bury Mrpan annkp iya disheartened. 2) deflate, as in a balloon or rising
sane si itekepu. So he buried her, her body. syn: bread dough Preti apikaap. The bread dough
unat . deflated.
anp vr full Tuna uyeep iten anp pk api (var: apisi) vt 1) hold Wak ayapono po,
pona r. The rain came until the container was full. Seiso Krai; pupnon apik, Seiso Krai.
The seat of Christ is good; the senseless must
anwana n (non-possessed) king vulture
hold/understand/appreciate it. Kareta uyapisi p
apa (poss: ayapaki) n pear, avocado uwaai, Papa. I am holding the book as my
Lauraceae container, God. 2) understand 3) appreciate
apa1 vi 1) be or become lower, as in the water apimu n a type of skin disease that leaves one
level of a river Tuna apa. The river is getting with scaley skin
lower. opp: uma2 . 2) disappear Epn mr apirem var. of apirinta
awonsik non apato oton tikin n apiri (poss: ayapiri) (cf: ipo) n 1) the wing of
ikonekasa main apa rawr. Heaven and earth a bird 2) the fin of a fish
will disappear before one law disappears.
apirika vt pluck feathers from a bird or fowl
apa2 n kidney; the kidney of larger animals and Krtk apirikap ipa uya. His grandchild
humans syn: kuima2 . plucked the chicken. syn: ipoka .
Apa nprop the name given to a creek along the apirinta (var: apirem) vt cause to fly, make a
Kukui River between Jawalla and Pipiri pai
bird fly Toron apirintap uya. I made the bird
apai1 postp from in Epakak warawo apai! fly.
Come out from the boy!
apisi var. of api
apai2 nom shallow, low water level, so that boats
apitank vt toast some bread or meat with a
can't pass Tuna esi apai pe. The river is low (so
little oil on a griddle
that boats can't pass).
apitmn 1) nom something or someone thin
apaip shallow, especially as refers to water
opp: isin . 2) n the wafer given in Anglican
Apaip yau ekupt. You all bathe in the
communion, so named because of the thin
shallow (water). character of the wafer

Apiu nprop the name of a small creek in back of stream syn: paru1 .
A'piu pai settlement, for which the settlement is apta2 n a variety of snail
named
apta1 vi be or become stiff Tanporo se am
Apiu pai nprop the name given to a settlement
in the Jawalla District, along the Mazaruni aptapsa esip. Everything was becoming stiff.
River, top-side of Wari'kwaima settlement (der.: aptank)
apiyo (var: apiyoto) n 1) slave 2) servant aptank vt make something stiff or rigid
Wak pe kuru iyesi mr kamoro iyapiyo Aptank. Make it stiff.
ton itenupkr tesan, r pe pra r
aptari var. of aptar
ewarup nau r iyetane. It will be good for his
servants who are waiting, nothing (bad will happen) aptar (var: aptari; poss: ayaptarii) n
even if it is in the night (that he comes). decorated armbands worn in ceremonies
apiyoma vt 1) give orders to work apo (poss: akamatu) (cf: kamatu) n fire
ayapiyomato uya r I order you (to do Apo ipotk. Light a fire.
something) 2) enslave
apo ese (comp.) tripod
apiyon vt command Ina uya ayapiyont kon.
apo keme (comp.) fire wood
We command you. Ina uya ayapiyomap. We
commanded you. apo ren (comp.) embers
apiyoto var. of apiyo apo vt 1) dig out Mrpan teusan apop iya.
ap1 vt touch Se apk. Touch this. To enu And then he dug out the honey (from the tree). 2)
uncover
aptp iya. He touched their eyes. appn
not married (not touched)
apo ese (comp. of apo) tripod on which to
cook food in a pot, made of three logs or three
ap2 (cf: enkoma) vi 1) chew Aptank. Come rocks
and chew it. 2) gnaw, chew on one's own lip
apo keme (comp. of apo) fire wood, wood
apkam n a traditional variety of necklace used in a cook fire
apn (poss: patawa ye apmu) n a variety of apo ren (comp. of apo) embers, coals of a
palm leaf To utp itematai patawa ye spent fire
apmu ton itenaune. They went behind him with apoi (poss: ayapoi) n 1) back 2) backbone,
patawa palm leaves with them. spine
apne var. of apne apon (poss: ayapono / ayapon) n 1) shelf
apnsa n a cramp in the leg ayapono your shelf 2) bench 3) seat 4) place of
residence, home Makoi apon pe r man, Or
aprm var. of aprm
man pasikon. Sister, this world is the home of the
aprnpa var. of aprnpa devil.
apru nom something rigid or firm Apru pe aponan 1) nom something sweet-smelling or
paranka esi. The board is rigid. fragrant To uya aponan karapa emap.
apr (cf: paru1) n (non-possessed) creek, They bought some sweet-smelling oil.opp: k . 2)
smelling as it should, especially as it refers to

cassava drink, after it has fermented for a time tyesan uya asanta apurutsa enep
Mr nin si iyaponansa atai, ina uya mr. Those coming after us saw that the path was
iparka nin si. When it smells just right, then we blocked.
pour it. 3) n (non-possessed) incense
aputa vi drown Mrpan kon si ekatump
aponka2 n a variety of fish (what kind?) tuna ka, mrpan kon aputap. They rushed
aponka1 vt hunt O aponkap to uya. They into the water and drowned.
hunted meat. ap vi be or become tired Menyan si
esaponka (der.) vr hunt for oneself ayapkap. See how tired you are?
aporo (var: aporopon) 1) nom the middle of apike (poss: ayapiket) n strength
something as in the length of river known as the Uyapiket kon our strength. opp: atumn
Middle Mazaruni River Aporo po sikuru iw ; syn: merunt 1, pana pan 1 .
esip. The school building was in the middle. 2) n
apima 1) vt curse someone by giving them
mediator Kapon am uyep Papa raki
many different symptoms ene uya apimasa
taporopon ke. People come before God with a
an ene cursed him (and he began showing
mediator.
symptoms). 2) vr be or become possessed by an
aporopon var. of aporo evil spirit Iyapimasa man. He has become
possessed.
apotoim n (non-possessed) comet
apka vi starve, be or become hungry
apuinan n a type of intestinal disease
Kapkatu! (All of you) don't starve! Wak
apur1 vt 1) believe To uya Papa apurnin nan kamoro tapkasan, to utaretto oton.
pen n. They were not believers in God. apurto Blessed are those who are hungry, they will be full.
eneima pra faith without seeing 2) worship 3) opp: utaret .
obey 4) have faith 5) praise 6) boast tw apkank (der.) vt starve
intapuri Papa p rken n. only boast in God.
apkank (der. of apka) vt make
7) welcome Mrpan ekatump
someone starve
apursena. And he ran to welcome him.
apne (cf: masa) interj wait Apne enk! Wait
utapur (der.) vr 1) brag 2) believe and see! (command form for one person) Apne
apur2 vt 1) eat with a spoon and plate Apur pra si asar tta po iyesi atai, pata
uya. I am eating with a spoon and plate. 2) use umata tukai. Because when he touches two feet,
Aparapii ton apurp uya. I used your dishes. the world will be destroyed. syn: enurip .
apuru (poss: ayapuruui) n belongings, apne (var: apne) 1) nom rushing as in the
personal effects tesanon apuruui its owners' swiftness of a rising river Apne pe mr
belongings korme umasa esip. It was rushing when
apuruka vt 1) stab Uyapurukap iya. (The Korme creek was rising. 2) n current of a river or
large stick/nail/object) stabbed me. 2) wound flow of water Apne pe tuna esi. The river has
a strong, swift current. 3) n tide of the ocean
apurut vt block Ina emap win nin si
aprm (var: aprm) 1) vi run to

aprm korotau tesen kasa r while they syn: eukwa 2 . 2) vt untie To arankap uya.
were running, as before 2) vt escape 3) n escape I untied them. Tenkomasa iya atai,
aprnpa (der.) (var aprnpa) 1) vt chase 2) itarankap itewan yau. After being swallowed,
abduct he loosed himself in his belly. syn: eukwa 1 . 3) vt
aprnpa (var aprnpa) (der. of aprm) demolish, break down ut arankap to uya.
1) vt chase, cause to run Usari aprnpap They demolished the house. 4) vt sort a group of
ina uya. We chased a deer. 2) abduct Mre things Arankaptp iya inke r. He sorted
(them) for a long time. 5) vt unroll
am aprnpap to uya. They abducted the
children. utaranka (der.) vi untied
apsin var. of ausin arap (poss: ayarapi) n 1) a large, oval bowl
ara n 1) (non-possessed) horizontal rafters in a made from a calabash 2) calabash, the plant or
the gourd Crescentia cujete
roof to support shingles or tin roofing 2) the ribs
of the inside of a boat kanau ara the boat's rib arara n a variety of tree, black yarri-yarri tree
Guatteria sp.
Ara nprop the name of a creek between Imoi ken
and Pipiri pai
arata n rib Captain arata ewsa. Captain's rib
was hurting.
Araea nprop the name for the second set of
rapids on the way up the Partang (?) River to
arat vt build; in particular, putting up the
Maipuri Falls vertical rafters ut arat ina uya. We are
building a house.
arai n (non-possessed) spider, general term
Ananeae sp. Arati nprop the name given to a place between
araik vi feel sudden pain in one's side Pipiri pai and I'moi ken; where the Roberts
family lives
Itaraikp. He felt a sudden pain in his side.
arauta n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of howler
araikwa n animal, maybe a variety of monkey monkey Mycetes seniculus 2) a variety of
cf: iwaruwana 1 . reddish brown caterpillar, so named because of
its similar color to the howler monkey
araira n (non-possessed) a variety of tree from
arauta aukw n a variety of poro fruit (lit:
which roofing slats are cut, yariyari tree,from
which fishing rods are also made Ducuetia monkeys tail)
decurrens arautaim n 1) whooping cough 2) cold, cold
Araitai pai nprop the name given to a bay along symptoms syn: aton .
the Upper Mazaruni River, above Imbaimadai
arawera n (non-possessed) a musical instrument
araka var. of aranka of questionable origin and makeup
arakaka n (non-possessed) a variety of small, Arawewa nprop a variety of animal
swamp turtle; not found in rivers
arawo n owl
arakapsa (cf: urapa) n gun
araya n (non-possessed) a variety of wild guava
aramari n a six-headed snake in some Akawaio tree or fruit
stories
are n spleen
aranka (var: araka) 1) vi be or become loosed

waved his right hand so they would be quiet.

are n food, a general term
arimaraka n a variety of tiger, (what type? size?
areka1 vt carry leaves in bundles Eta am
colouring? Real or mythological?)
arekap to uya. They carried lots of leaves in
bundles.
arin n 1) a queen bee Ina arin sane mr ko!
syn: kororo 2 . 2)
You really are our queen!
areka2 vi for a tree to drop leaves Itarekap. It
queen ant 3) queen termite or other insect
lost its leaves.
arinta1 (arintank) vi fly, as a bird does syn:
Arekuna nprop 1) a person of the Arekuna tribe
2) the name given to the Arekuna tribe
ariwom .
arena (poss: ayarena) n 1) tip of an animal's arinta2 vi become big Warawo arintasa man.
The boy has become big/become a man.
tail 2) tail syn: aukw .
arintank arinta1 vt make something fly
arenat (der.) vt attach a tail
Kurun kanwa arintankp iya. He made
arenat (der. of arena) vt put a tail on the airplane fly.
something like a kite Arenatk. Put a tail on it. arinnpa vt encourage another person with
Areruya nprop the traditional religion of certain one's talk opp: emiyannpa .
groups of Amerindians in the circum-Roraima
region, most recently embraced by the Akawaio
aripok (var: ipok) vt beat, strike Poro ye
tribe aripokp uya. I beat the poro tree.
areta vi be or become leafy, for a tree to grow arisa n a variety of tree that thrives with its trunk
new leaves under water, found on river banks
aret vt feed Umre aretp uya. I fed my arita vi 1) be or become blue, as in the colour of
baby.
dead flesh To pun aritap. Their flesh turned
utaret (der.) vr feed oneself blue. 2) bruise
arikata n a variety of small, brown bee ariwom vi fly, as a bird flies Toron
ariwomp. The bird flew. syn: arinta1 .
arike (var: arikena) nom something or
someone industrious Arike pe iyesi. He is ariya (cf: piyan) n (non-possessed) a variety of
hawk or eagle Buteo magnirostris
industrious. opp: emiyane ; syn:
emiyapoke 2 . ar vt carry Se ak. Carry this. Anapai. I want to
carry it.
arikena var. of arike
usar (der.) vi walk
ariku (poss: ayariku) n flower itariku its
arn n a variety of animal that eats plenty
flower syn: ipr .
art var. of art
arima vt 1) cause something to swing Wana
arima asetun uya. The wind causes the grass aro (poss: ayarokooi) n hat ayarokooi your hat
to swing back and forth. 2) wave Paar arkot (der.) vt wear
emsakap, enwone temiya arimap
Aro Awon (cf: Mekoro Awen) nprop the
iya, epana to eto pe. Paul stood up, and he name of a large rock in the Upper Mazaruni

River between Kako and Jawalla, meaning container. 2) load a gun Turapaai artp
"Anvil Rock" or "Hat Rock"
iya. He loaded his own gun.
aroi n a variety of red cashew tree
asaken (der. of asar) two people living
arosim n a variety of logo-logo-like fish together, often as a married couple Asaken to
Arosim pai nprop the name given to a rock esip. They lived together.
along the Upper Mazaruni River, between asakrnan (attrib. of asakrne) n
Jawalla and Imbaimadai
aru n porcupine Sphingurus prehensilis aru ipo asakrne n (non-possessed) the number four, 4
porcupine quill Itasakrpanno the fourth (one)
Aru Paru nprop the name of a creek off the asakrnan (attrib.) n
Kako River that runs behind the Jawalla village
area
asamap 1) behind Asamap winon p
kak. Say you are coming behind. 2) after
arukim n a variety of large black bee found in
rotten tree stumps or other rotten wood Genus asamt n togetherness, fellowship wak pe
bombus kuru asamt yau it is very good to be in
arunpa (var: irarunpa) vt 1) lift up Mrpan fellowship
kuwata uyeep arunpasena. And then the asamyai half Mrpan uya atp
gorilla came to lift her up. 2) pick up
asamyai. Then they cut it in half.
aruwai n a variety of scaled fish, hassar
asan n blanket
Callichthys littoralis gen: tpipkenan .
asana postp into the midst of Mrpan
Aruwe pai nprop the name given to a settlement
anmp piyaima uya tpana asana. And
along the Kukui River above Irt pai
then he put it into his ear.
ar2 postp inside Mrpan esip tpona r,
asanau postp between Yaranta uya
iyar pra. And it was by itself, nothing inside it.
kuwaksa kon, kuyasanaunokon iyesi. A
art (der.) (var art) vt 1) fill 2) load valley is our barrier between us.
ar1 n clitoris asanota vi be or become mildewed

Iyasanotasa upon esip. My clothes became
arka n wasp, marabunta
mildewed.
ark (poss: ayarkti) n scissors asanta (cf: ema2) n path, trail, line
arkot (der. of aro) vt to give someone a hat asant vt wrap or pack or cover or surround
to wear, to make someone wear a hat Ina
asare n a variety of tree, silk cotton tree, has
arkotpsa to uya esip. They gave us hats
edible seeds, brown cotton is used on arrows for
to wear.
blow guns syn: kuma .
art (var art) (der. of ar2) vt 1) fill r to
asar n (non-possessed) the number two, 2
pe makoi uya yewan artsa kasi ye pe
yesi pe tekonekai? What evil fills your belly to asaken (der.) together
speak lies? Mr awaai artk. Fill your asaron (attrib.)

asaron (attrib. of asar) 2) arrange things in rows
asit vt repair, mend, patch To esip kanau

asaruta vi be or become swollen, swell up,
yau moro am asito tuyanokon yai
inflate, rise Isi ton asarutapsa. His legs had
become swollen. asitpt p. They were in the boat mending that
with which they caught fish.
asarutank (der.) vt raise
asit2 vt poison fish
asarutank (der. of asaruta) vt make
something rise, as in adding yeast to bread asoka vt stab
dough asarutannin yeast utasoka (der.) vi stabbed
aseku n (non-possessed) something sweet opp: asokop n the remains of the sifted cassava
ine ; opp: kotmn ; opp: katapan1 . flour, not used as a food source
aser nom 1) something or some place wet opp: asuka vt 1) suck on a sweet or something
aip . 2) something fresh 3) something new similar 2) kiss
utasuka (der.) 1) vi kissed 2) vr kiss
aseta n a variety of rope
asetn windy place or condition Asetn pe utasukan (der.) n kiss
pata esi. This is a windy place.
ata1 vi 1) sprout Iyatap. It sprouted. 2) grow
asi1 n older sister, direct address cf: yakon1 3 ;
atai (cf: ewai) 1) postp when Mrpan atai to
indir add: pasi .
utp. When that happened, they went. Mr ya
asi2 nom silly
itsa atai, . . .. When he went there, . . .. 2) n
asi vt 1) grab 2) hold Eta asip uya. I held a time r atai yeto oton? (At) what time will
leaf. 3) touch 4) catch fish, using a net Tuke to you come?
masii pe? Did you catch many (fish)? 5) hold ataiwanan nom thin, as in liquid quality opp:
someone captive or in prison Uyennosa iya epinan .
ser ekamasena asisa kon ponaro pe. He
Ataro nprop the name given to a creek on the
has sent me to speak to those in captivity.
Kukui River
utasi (der.) 1) vr held 2) vi shake
Atatai nprop the indigenous name given to
asi n list Sises tamokori ton ese asi the list of Piyai'ma in direct reference; Dai-dai being the
Jesus' ancestors creolized version indir add: piyaima .
asiktp n a variety of cotton twine, at vt 1) cut 2) harvest Eki at uya. I am
especially when rotten harvesting cassava root.
asin n thick bush atka var. of atka

asiono something light, not heavy opp: atoma (var: atomap) vt 1) interrogate 2) ask a
etamne . lot of questions, show interest in something
Umre uya ttamokori atomap panton
asip vt glue Asik. Glue it.
p. My child asked his grandfather many questions.
asit1 (var: aisit) vt 1) string, thread as in beads

Ur uya nr si atomasa p tanporon n, They didn't tell anybody.
iyesaratp sikr. I, also, have been with auroko (var: aurok) vt speak to someone
questions about everything, from the beginning. Kamoro warawo am aurokop uya. I
atomap var. of atoma spoke with those boys.
aton n cold, the symptoms related to having a usauroko (der.) (var usaurok; var usauro)
vr speak
cold syn: arautaim 2 .
aurok var. of auroko
atu nom 1) someone well opp: takuru ; opp:
ene1 1 . 2) someone healthy aurom vt tie, bind Ewa auromp uya. I tied
the fishing line. Tauronpse iw koneka
atuma1 vt 1) push off, leave shore in a boat 2)
auya. You make your house by tying it (together).
cast out ri akwar atumanin pe iyesip.
He was one casting out evil spirits. aurosa (poss: ayaurosaai) n a variety of wild
utatuma2 (der.) vi 1) push off 2) float calaloo
ausarako var. of kaisarako
atuma2 vt make worse
ausin (var: apsin) nom 1) someone willing
utatuma1 (der.) vr worsen
Ausin pe iyesi. He is willing. 2) someone excited
atumn nom someone or something weak opp: utausinpa (der.) vr excited
apike ; syn: smn .
auya ( uya) you (singular), as subject of a
atune 1) straight-shooting, as in a slingshot's transitive sentence
ability Atune pe uropaai esi. My slingshot
awaikara n old clothes, full of holes
shoots straight 2) accurate, as in the ability of a
slingshot to hit its operator's intended target awaina vi be or become melted or turned into a
at n 1) from the English word "yard" meaning 3 liquid state Ikasi awainap. The fat melted.
feet in length 2) new, unshrunk cloth, so named awainan nom something clear or transparent
because of the borrowed word 'yard'
Awainan pe tuna esi. The water is clear. opp:
ati n a type of basket, customarily used to hold
iku .
meat over a lighted fire to prevent the meat from
spoiling awanaki adv in the morning Awanaki ina
atka (var: atka) vt 1) bore, prick, pierce, ut mr. We will go in the morning. opp:
stick into one's skin Yi ke uta atkap. A ukomam 3 .
stick bored my foot. 2) inject, give an injection
awanapair n tomorrow Awanapair ina ut
Uyatkap iya. She injected me.
sosi ta. Tomorrow, we will go to church. cal:
aukw (poss: ayaukw) n tail kari aukw mku komamiyau, komamiyau, ser,
squirrel's tail; also the name of a deer, said to be the
awanapair, awanapair emap .
colour of a squirrel's tail syn: arena 2 .
awanapair emap day after tomorrow cal:
aure n the stern of a boat Kanau aure the stern of
the boat
mku komamiyau, komamiyau, ser,
awanapair, awanapair emap .
auroka vt tell n r aurokap to uya pen.

awara n 1) a variety of tree with hard, sour fruit awron (attrib. of awr) n
2) the fruit of the same tree
awoino n a traditional variety of necklace
awara ak n a variety of bird, blue in colour,
awon n leader tanporon kon pata awon all the
similar in variety to the green ski
leaders
aware n (non-possessed) opossum Metachinus
awonsik 1) conj and . . ., mr awonsik, . . .
nudicaudatus
. . ., and . . . 2) postp from Aqaba awonsik
awarim n (non-possessed) a variety of
iyesa mr. He has come from Aqaba. syn:
poisonous, colourful snake that lives in the bush
ponsik .
awaroto
awop (poss: ayawopri) n a rotting
Aweika nprop the name given to one of the head
tree trunk, standing or fallen
creeks of the Upper Mazaruni River
ay- phon. var. of a-
awen n a bay of water along a river syn: kupai .
aya (poss: ayarii) n root used to poison fish
aweta (var: akweta) vi 1) be or become full
Mawetayan pe? Are you full/satisfied? 2)
ayan (poss: yiw) n louse Pulex capitus
satisfied ayann nom chigger-infested; to have plenty
awr postp 1) during, with aworon pe tesan chiggers Kitata imoi ansa auya yau,
those who are with him 2) through Paar mr ayann pe wesi, tawon nan kamoro. If you
awonsik Sairas utp Anpipores mr eat grasshopper eggs, you will become chigger-
infested, so they say.
awonsik Aporoniya pata ton awr. Paul
and Silas went through Amphipolis and Apollonia ayau var. of akiyau
places.
ayaup n (non-possessed) a variety of bitter
awron (attrib.) n cassava
Ee
e3 var. of esi poi. The water leaked out from the calabash.
e2 var. of ye1 useekwa (der.) vr leak
e1 n form, shape kanau e the form of a canoe ei var. of eik
e- phon. var. of - eiku var. of eik
e- to cause to be; detransitivizer, changing a eik (var: ei; var: eiku) vt 1) speak 2) answer
transitive verb into an intransitive one To eikp iya. He answered them. syn:
Iyemakoimap. He sinned. Iyekawaitp. maimuk 1 .
He smoked (tobacco/a cigarette).
eima (var: aima; poss: yeimak /
eekwa vi leak out of something for which the
yeimaki) n griddle used for baking cassava
fluid should stay in Tuna eekwap calabash

bread them (a question). syn: enna3 .

eimarare n a variety of snake usekamapo (der.) vr asked
Eimati nprop the name given to a place near ekam (var: ekan) vt 1) distribute, give out
Paruima; a place where eima' is found around
the savannah area Ipoitor ton uya ekam atai, When his
disciples distribute, 2) serve Kasiri ekannin ise
eisika vt sift Eki eisikap iya. She sifted the
cassava.
eai. I need someone to serve kazak. 3) share
Mekami pe? Are you sharing? Ewai,
ekaaima (der. of kaaima) vr fight each other;
sekami. Yes, I am sharing.
wrestle each other r pe si ke kapon
nennopai pra wesikon ur akr ina ekamn n 1) (non-possessed) danger 2) hardship
ekaaimato pe? Why don't you want to send ekamra nom 1) having hateful feelings toward
someone from you to me so we can fight?
another Ekamra pe itp. He went as one
ekaampo var. of ekamapo having hateful feelings. 2) troublesome, being in
trouble 3) miserable, uncomfortable, feeling bad
ekaapo var. of ekamapo 4) sin, a moral offense against someone else
ekainm (var: ekainn) vi 1) climb T pona ekan var. of ekam
iyekainmp. He climbed onto the rock. 2) go
ekan n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of wasp,
in an upward direction 3) ascend
found hanging in rafters without a nest 2) a
ekainn var. of ekainm variety of stinging bee
ekainnpa vt carry up Mr ton ekainnpap ekanpa vr scratch oneself Iyekanpap. He

scratched himself.
uya. I carried these up (from the river).
ekank vt make fat; fatten
ekama vt 1) tell 2) preach Itekareei
ekamaptp iya. He used to preach. 3) ekansa fat one
prophesy 4) read Betty uya kareta menu ekanwaka (der. of kanawaka) vr get out of
ekamap. Betty read a book. syn: ene2 2 . 5) the boat Iyekanwakap. He got (himself) out of
show Asanta ekama iya mr, itena r the boat. opp: ekanwat.
ekama iya. He will show him the path. ekanwat (der. of kanawat) vr get into a
usekama (der.) 1) vi confess 2) vr tell boat To ekanwatp. They got into a boat.
ekama (der. of kama) 1) vr get oneself ready; opp: ekanwaka.
prepare oneself Aino p nin si to ekamap ekap cf: ewasu. var. of ekapt
mr. They prepared them in the fry pan. 2) vi plan ekapt (var: ekap) vi defecate
for oneself Iyekamap. He planned. 3) vi take
Iyekaptp. He defecated. Ekapptp. I
on the stance of a boxer, "square up" 4) vi ready
oneself, be or become ready for something used to defecate (in the same spot). One week
ekama var. of erama ikomamp tekapse pra. He stayed one

week without defecating. Ekapta. Go and
ekamapo (var: ekaampo; var: ekaapo) vt defecate.
ask, request To ekamapop uya. I asked ekaraka (der. of karaka) vr be or become

ripped; be torn Newspaper ekarakap. The ton itepuru ton patase a place belonging to
newspaper became ripped. plenty leaders 3) important person eke ton
ekarapaima (der. of karapaima) 1) vr put oil patase big/important people's place
on oneself Iyekarapaimap. He put on hair oil. eke 1) someone or something dead itekepu his
2) vi be or become oily
corpse opp: nurne 1 . 2) in a deep manner, as
ekare (poss: yekareei) n news, information, a
in sleeping deeply Mrpan kon si enmp
retelling of recent events
eke pe. They slept deeply.
ekaret vt 1) blow on an instrument or horn, to
eke yap n a variety of scorpion, non-stinging
make a noise 2) tell, announce To utp pata
gen: mn .
pona ekaretsena. The went to the place to tell
(what happened). ekenan nom 1) something soft Ekenan pe eki
usekaret (der.) vr blow esi. The cassava bread is soft/fresh. opp: saman
2 ; sclr prop: ekenan 1, akuse, py . 2)
ekarima (cf: akoka) vi open
something fresh
ekasi var. of ekat
ekep dirty, filthy, something thrown away
ekatum vi run Iyekatump. He ran.
ekepu (poss: yekepu) n corpse Sises ekepu
ekatunpa (der.) vt chase karapaimai t- ut -to -kon pe the ones going
ekatunpa (der. of ekatum) vt chase, run to anoint Jesus' corpse with oil
after someone Iyekatunpap to uya. They ekereuta vi be or become slimy, so as to be

ran after him. nonconsumable, spoiled Sikaru eku
ekat (var: ekasi) vi 1) be or become big, grow ekereutasa. The sugar cane drink has become
slimy.
up 2) be or become fat Iyekasa. He got fat.
ekerewe nom 1) something slimy Ekerewe pe
ekawait vi smoke tobacco, cigarettes, etc.
kuiwa esi. The snail is slimy. 2) something
Iyekawaitp. He smoked (tobacco/a cigarette).
slippery
ekayu 1) n a place without bush, a clean place eketuka vt wear out, exhaust Wi uya
Mrpan yau ekayu rkw, t esip. In that
uyeketukap. The sun exhausted me.
place, it was clean (no plant growth), there were
rocks. 2) smooth opp: krkr1 . eki n 1) bitter cassava Manihot utilissima eki ye
cassava stick or cassava plant 2) cassava
bread
eke 1) nom something big Iyatap mr
Eki tekiini! Bake cassava bread! cf: u .
awonsik iyepetap eke pe. It sprouted and
Eki Sik nprop Young Cassava Festival,
bore plenty fruit. eke pata ton big places opp:
celebrated by the Alleluia adherants
aiko 1 . 2) nom plenty Mrpan si etane tuke
ekiinn var. of ekiinno
r waiken am uyeep mr aiko ton nin
si. Tuke r waiken am tkap to uya, ekiinno (var: ekiinn) (cf: itekiinno) vt bake
eke pe r. And then, plenty reindeer came, lots of cassava bread Eki ekiino iya. She is baking
cassava bread
small ones. They killed plenty reindeer, plenty. eke
ekiririka vt shave Utasipo ekiririkap

uya. I shaved my beard. ekukuma (der. of kukuma) vr be or become

ekitoka n dimple cooked O ekukumap. The meat became
cooked.
ekiyoka (der. of kiyoka) vi be or become
ekuma vi 1) have sex, make love r ta iya
dented Iyekiyokasa. It was dented.
ekuman p? What does he say about sex? 2)
ekima vi be or become feverish Ekimap. I
fornicate, to have sex before marriage Pse r
got a fever./I became feverish.
mu ayapuruui, prataai matannin
ekpa (der. of kpa) vi be or become dirty
np ekuman p. This son of yours has wasted
Mre ekpap. The child became dirty. your things, your money on fornication.
ekrka vi anoint Karapa ke iyekrkap. He ekumanka (der.) vt fornicate

anointed himself with oil.
ekumanka (der. of ekuma) vt make someone
ekrnka vi be or become cracked Yi
fornicate; have illicit sex with someone tonpa
ekrnkap. The wood cracked.
kon winki r kamakooitatu inop
ekrnta vi tan, get darker by the sun Ipip tekumankai. You all must not sin against your
ekrntap. His skin tanned. friend by fornicating with his wife.
ektka vt wiggle ekun var. of ekunari
ektktma vr twitch syn: usetuma . ekunari (var: ekun) n hip
ekttika vi 1) be or become clean by rubbing ekunsa var. of ekup
dirt off one's skin Iyekttikap. He rubbed ekupika vi smile Iyekupikap. He smiled.
dirt off his own skin. 2) grind, especially grind
ekupiukwa vr make a smile
one's teeth
ekttima (var tttikwa) (der. of ekup (der. of kup) vr bathe oneself Ekupi
kttima) vr grinding one's own teeth; ina ut mr. We are going to bathe.
gnashing ekup (var ekunsa; var eku) (der. of
ekoneka (der. of koneka) vr be or become kup) 1) vr be or become done Awanapair
prepared Tanporon n ekonekap Krr ke. Church self-help ekuup. The church
Everything was made with/by Him (God). self-help was done this morning. tekupsen a
ekoroika vi be or become sprained in one's miracle; that which has not been done 2) vr pretend
ankle Iyekoroikap. He sprained his ankle. wak pe tekusen hypocrite - one who pretends
to be good 3) vi act as something or someone 4)
ekotama (der. of kotama) vr 1) be or become vi curse someone to become something else
suffering Iyekotama sepo pra. He is suffering Apne usari pe ekuk! You will become a deer!
(to bathe) without soap. 2) be or become 5) vi happened or occurred
struggling, striving
ekurim (der. of ikrim) vi be or become
eku var. of ekup wet ekurinsa something wet Kekurintu.
eku n (non-possessed) sap Don't get wet (in the rain).
ekuka (der. of kuka) vi be or become wiped ekuruka vi be or become planted

echoed (off the cliffs).

ekut vt make cassava drink Kasiri ekut iya.
She is making cassava drink. usekwat (der.) vr echoed
ekutuma (var: ekutuma) vi be or become ekwat vt 1) accept 2) take tw ipropon
muddy Tuna enkutumasa. The river became pokon pe pon ekwati. let him take the piece
muddy. of clothing on top of it. 3) gather
ekutuma var. of ekutuma ekwip vi boil Mrpan ikum ewom
ekka (der. of kka) vi be or become iyekwipto en ya. Then, its juice enters a
stretched Ropa ekkasa. The rubber was boiling tank.
stretched. ekwnsa var. of ekwt2

ekttka vi hold tightly Kr r ekttkasa ekwrt vi cross over, go across from where
im p. He held on tightly to his neck. one is, especially crossing on water Ina
ekttpt vr be or become cramped ekwrt iratoi pona. We are going across to
the other side.
ekuma vi experience pain, not physically, but
ekwt2 (var: ekwnsa) vt fracture,
in mind or spirit Mr yau esip ekuman
especially an arm or leg Usi ekwtp uya. I
p. There, I was in pain/my feelings were hurt.
broke my leg.
ekwa4 n (non-possessed) time tikin itekwa one ekwt1 (der. of ikwt2) vr be or become
time, once
broken Wanamari ekwpsa. The glass/mirror
ekwa2 n 1) grove mekuru ekwa banana grove broke (into many pieces). Possibly 'kept on breaking'
2) farm Wanamari ekwsa. the glass/mirror broke (into
ekwa3 1) n kind aro ekwa hat-like (referring to a just two or three pieces).
crown) Itekwa nau pra, Papa akwar uya ema2 (poss: yema) (cf: asanta) n path, line
to weitp. Suddenly, God's light shined on Reuben ema awr ina ut mr. We will go (by
them. Kaikusi am ekwa nau utn ser. This way of) Reuben's path.
place through which we are walking has plenty tigers. ema1 vt pay for; buy; purchase r memai?
2) nom similar in meaning r ta tuya ekwa
What did you pay for?/What did you buy? kiyari
pe Papa eto esa wann pe? What is similar to emapse buying food; a fund-raiser syn:
God being our ruler?
anm1 4, enna2 .
ekwa1 1) vt fall off Mr atai itenu si
usema (der.) 1) vr revenge 2) vi sacrifice
ekwap itenu apai moro pip kasa r r
naon utapokp. At that time, something like emaika 1) vi place, put Tmre emaikap
scales fell from his eyes. 2) vi shed skin iya. Her baby was placed into it. eki emaikasa a
backpack full of cassava tubers 2) vt put away, put
ekwapi n (non-possessed) solid or cured trunk
up, put aside
lying on the ground
emaimuka var. of emaimuka vr silent,
ekwata vi pass wind, fart Iyekwatap. He
unable to speak Apne pra umaimu apur
passed wind.
auya pra iyesi p, yemaimuka nin si
ekwat vt echo Marari ekwatsa. the rapids
mr. Because you do not believe my word, you will

be silent.
emaput 1) vi deserve, cause to start, cause to
emaimuka (var emaimuka) (der. of experience Ene r, r r kusa iya pra iyesi
maimuka) vr be or become dumb, unable to tumata emaputnin pe. Look, he has done
speak Umaimu apur auya pra iyesi p, nothing deserving death. 2) vt make, cause Eseru
yemaimuka nin mr. Because you did not ekuto iyawr emaputp Papa uya. God
believe my word, you will become dumb. made him to do great things.
emaimupa vi pray emap var. of emak
emainanpa (der. of mainanpa) vr watch emap (poss: yemap) 1) n a path or track
oneself, watch one's behaviour someone has travelled through; emphasis is on
Twemainanpai meti! You all must watch the past usage of the path yemap tau ina
your behaviour!
eto pe. We will come after you (on the path). 2)
emaipa vi poison oneself Iyemaipap. He nom something coming or being after or behind
poisoned himself. uyemap pe merunt kuru uyep mr
emakr vi thrown down uyentaino after me will come a very strong one
(who is) above me
emakoima vi sin Emakoimasa man Epn
emapka vt follow Paul emapkaptp
winki mr awonsik winki nr. Up
urisan uya. The girl kept following Paul.
sentuma. I have sinned against Heaven and
against you also. You must show me mercy. emasa n 1) the next day Mr emasa yau to
emak (var: emap) 1) n (non-possessed) dawn eriptp asatai. In the morning, they were
Iyeptp pata emak pe mr awon sik both dead. 2) morning, the next morning pata
pata ukomam pe kanan. He kept on coming emasa dawn
at dawn and at evening also. 2) vi after night has
emase n a woman's monthly period,
passed, through the night Pata emasa yau, to
menstruation Emase uyesa, etane inmp
utkaap. After night had passed, they went again.
iya. Her monthly period came, but she left it.
emakwa vt 1) keeping watch, stay awake Ina
emase vi 1) stay, remain Papa Maimu uyesa
uya pata emakwap. We kept watch over the
kupiyanokon emase. God's Word has come to
place. 2) stay awake through the night Pata
stay with us. 2) stay awake all night 3) stay
emakwa to uya. They are staying awake overnight
through the night.
Emasep nprop the name given to a rock along
emanenpa vi be or become troubled Mrpan the Upper Mazaruni River; on the left going
emanenpap pen. And then she was not down-river from Ipana'muru pai at Ksekamai
troubled. emata (var: isi; poss: yemata) n 1) leg 2) lap
eman n life, living Emato eseru ekamap 3) thigh, the upper part of the leg
to uya. They gave me advice on the habit of living. emat vt bring, fetch, drug Pata esanon ton,
king am, raki to uya ematto oton
emanonta vr be or become a young woman
kon ur uriya. They will bring you before rulers
Iyemanontasa man. She has become a young
and kings because of me.
woman.

eme (poss: yeme) n arm emiyannpa vt discourage someone by one's

eme 1) vt put into a bun or roll; especially with talk opp: arinnpa .
hair or twine or rope 2) vt spin Emept to emiyapoke (var: emiyapor) 1) someone

uya enep iya. He saw them spinning it. 3) vi wise 2) someone industrious syn: arike . 3)
wrap, as in put a towel around one's waist 4) vi someone talented Emiyapoke iyesi. He is
warp, as in lumber 5) vi twisted talented. 4) a good worker
useme (der.) vi 1) warped 2) crippled
emiyapont vt remind Ser p tonpa ton
eme vt 1) eat as in a way to finish Tuma emep emiyapontkak Papa piyau esima. Remind
iya. He finished (eating) the pepper pot. 2) eat everyone of these things, for God's sake.
pepperpot or pepper sauce emiyapor var. of emiyapoke

emekam n a variety of traditional necklace emo vi split into parts
emenka (der. of menka) vi be or become emoika vi lay eggs, as a hen does Krtk
judged emenkan weyu atai at the judgment emoikap. The chicken laid eggs.
day
emoikwa vi be or become eaten, especially by
emenna 1) something new Emenna pe to
maggots Mrpan ya weruwe emoikwasa
kanwa esi. Their boat is a new one. opp: pooip
. 2) something recent erikp. At that, he died, maggots eating his flesh.
emenu n paint Kapon am emenu people emoita vt 1) lay, as in chickens laying eggs
paint (referring to the red dye from the annato plant, Imoi emoitap krtk uya. The chicken laid
the application to bodies which was a traditional an egg. 2) hatch
practice of the Akawaio Amerindians)
emoka (der. of moka) vi come out Sik
emenut vt paint
emokap. The chigger came out (of his foot).
usemenut (der.) vr paint
emonsika var. of emonsirika
emenp nom a late time Emenp pe pata emonsirika (var emonsika) (der. of
esi. It is late in the day. opp: penanne . monsirika) vr be or become hatched To
emepo (poss: emepor) n wisdom emonsirikap. They (the eggs) hatched.
emepoke nom 1) wisdom emepoke pe emontakwa vi chafe the inner thighs from
konekanin that which makes you wise 2) a wise much walking
person emoraika vi uproot Yi emoraikasa. The
emiyane nom something or someone lazy tree became uprooted.
Emiyane pe iyesi. He is lazy. opp: arike . emoron someone sleepy Emoron p pe

emiyanm vi 1) being or becoming lazy 2) be iyesi. He is feeling sleepy.
or become tired Papa uya urepanin np emosat vi dress oneself Mrpan nin si
kon tmeruntr ke temiyannsen pe pra emosatp mr. Then I put on my underwear.
ento pe. God has given us strength so that we (lit: to put on ones underwear)
are no longer lazy. emotaika (der. of umotaika) vr be or become

proud en imoi eye ball (lit: eye egg)

emu (poss: yemu) n testicle itemu pra
en kuna vt close the eyes
iyentusa born without testicles
en pip n eyelid (lit: eyes skin)
emuka vt castrate
en ukaram vr eyes crying, mostly from smoke
emuranpa (der. of muran) vi charm oneself
Mr ke si iyemuranpasa esip. With that is ena4 vi 1) drop, as in fruit ripening Iteperu
how he charmed himself (to be a good hunter). enap. Its fruit dropped (because it was ripe). 2)
emuruika vt stoop over Iyemuruikap. He fall, as in rain Awanaki kuru tuna enap.
stooped over Rain fell in the early morning.
em (poss: yem) n 1) face 2) resemblance ena3 vi consummate, to become as one, to be

Winston em ke Raymond esi. Raymond together as husband and wife "Enanpai," tap
resembles Winston. itaanp uya ip. "Let's consumate our
relationship," the husband said to her.
emknt vt hang, as in kill someone by
hanging them from a rope Kapon ena postp 1) for Se ak itena. Carry this for
him/her. 2) to 3) about
emkntp to uya. They hung a person.
ena2 n (non-possessed) water fall
emkrt (var: emrk) vi choke on
food Iyemkrtp. He choked. Eki ke ena1 vi 1) get Eke pe yenasa. You have become
emkrsa. I choked on (a piece of) cassava big. 2) become Pori pe iyenakaap kanan.
bread. He became happy again.
Emnaru nprop the name given to the capitol, usena (der.) vr shop
Georgetown enaika vr be or become vexed no r
emnk 1) n flood Non emnkp. The enaikato oton. Your grandmother will be vexed.
ground flooded. 2) vt
swamp, have a canoe filled
enaika vt make someone cough Isenaika
with water n uya kanau emnkp?
Who swamped the canoe? emaputp uya. I started him coughing.
emrk var. of emkrt vi choke on a usenaika (der.) (var useneka) 1) vr cough

2) vt cough
small bone Moro p ke emrsa. I choked
on a fish bone. enaik var. of ennaaik
emsaka (der. of imsaka) vi 1) stand enaka (var: enakan) postp 1) to Menuka uya
Emsaka. Stand up. 2) raise up from the mr, umre rkw Timothy enakan. I am
dead Sises emsaka -p! Jesus rose from the writing to my little child, Timothy 2) for
dead!
enakai n wanting to vomit
en2 bright white, shiny syn: sirn .
enakaiken vr be or become nauseated
en3 var. of enu1 eye
enakan var. of enaka
en1 var. of ene2 see, read
Enaku nprop the name given to a settlement
en4 var. of yen container; hole along the Upper Mazaruni, near Kuyupenan

enakrt 1) n constipation Iyenakrn enep. Betty read a book. syn: ekama 4 .

p man. He was with constipation. 2) vr tenpurunan (der.) nom blurred vision
something stuck in a hole
usene (der.) vr seen
enam vt hold
ene2 (var: enepn) vi dream
enank (der. of inank) vr make oneself
Iyeneptp. He was dreaming.
wet Enanptp. I got myself wet.
ene1 var. of enet nom 1) one who is sick
enap n seed, the seed of any plant anai
Ene pe umre esi. My baby is sick. ene pe
enap corn seed
ento an illness opp: atu 1. 2) someone
enapka vt remove seeds from cotton experiencing hurt or pain Ene pe to uya
enarike nom fright Etane enarike pe tesi uyaripopsa ser! I am hurt from their beating
me!
kon ke to enmp pen. But because they
were afraid, they didn't sleep. ene1 n 1) (non-possessed) evil 2) an evil spirit 3)
enarikena nom wild, not tame enarikena someone possessed by an evil spirit 4)
something or someone ugly 5) something or
isakasi wild jackass someone scary 6) an imaginary creature invoked
to scare children 7) a variety of snake 8)
enarimn (der. of enarimra) nom someone
foreigner 9) coastlander or civilized person
brave or fearless
ene warisa (var: piyaima warisa) n a
enarimra n bravery, boldness Enarimra r,
variety of mushroom, has a woven look and
tonpa pe esi wenai Krai win. I am brave as nasty smell (lit: monsters backpack)
your family member.
eneima vt flavor; specifically, make salty
enarimn (der.) nom brave one
Eneimap uya. I made it salty.
enarinm (der. of nari1) vr be or become eneima vt mock, make fun of someone
frightened Kr r yenarinnto kon ip.
You all should be afraid of this one.
enekut (var: enkut1) vt 1) fool, deceive
Ksenekuttu. Don't be fooled. (or is it, "Don't
enaripa vt scare Enaripap iya. He scared
him.
fool others."?) 2) tempt Sises enkutp Makoi
usenaripa (der.) vr scared uya. The Devil tempted Jesus. 3) act in a false
way mr nane kasa to wapiyaro kon
enarum vi vomit Iyenarunptp. He was enkutnin nan kuptp to uya. that is the
vomiting.
way they treated the false prophets.
enau postp with sheep am tnnsena tron enensi vt 1) drink, sip 2) help to drink
n enau he left his sheep behind with another
enepn var. of ene2
(shepherd)
senau (der.) 1) adv together 2) n twins enerup n a variety of savannah termite
ene2 (var: en1) vt 1) see Enep uya. I saw it. enet (var: ene1; poss: yenet) n sickness,
illness
enton pe pra r never to be seen (again) syn:
erama . 2) read Betty uya kareta menu enewoke n a shaman or traditional healer syn:

piyaisan 1 . conjunctivitis
tenkunan (der.) nom blind one
en vi 1) gather, come together tmunk pe
ento pe, kunkuup kon wenai pen we enkui nom 1) someone covetous of another's
gather as his children, not because of anything we possessions Enkui pe iyesi. She is covetous. 2)
did 2) be, exist Utonpa pe enpai. I want to be beggar
family with you. syn: esi, wann2 . enkurum vi 1) be or become still, not moving
enm (var enn) (der. of nm) vr 1) be or To enkurump epana. They were still and
become left behind To enmp. They were quiet. 2) rest tikin n isi tenkurunsen he can
left back. 2) stay behind, remain rest/stand on one leg
enn var. of enm enkurunpa vt keep something to oneself; have

enpam vi be or become calm or still no trouble concerning Mr enkurunpa to uya
tewan kon yau. They kept that in their own souls.
enpank (der. of inpank) vr be or
become stopped, end enkut2 var. of enkoma
enpon n clothes enkut1 var. of enekut
enpont (der. of npont) vr be covered, enknk (var: enknp) vt extinguish,
cover oneself Iyenpontp. It was covered. put out a fire Apo enknkp iya. He put
out the fire.
enkarai n a variety of black, biting fly
enknp var. of enknk
enkaranpiyu n the red part of the eye; when the
white of the eye is red, then the person is enmipo vt cause someone else to get into
healthy trouble Enmipop iya. He caused him to get
enkarum vi play, as in what children do into trouble.
together during their free time enna4 vi shine Wi ennakan p man. The sun
enkasipa vr be or become blinded by a bright is shining.
light or some other phenomenon enna1 (poss: yenna) n nose
enkasipank vt make something or someone enna2 (cf: enna3) vt buy, purchase r mennai?
blind Enkasipankp iya. It blinded him.
What did you buy? syn: anm1 4, ema1 .
enksimu pale Enksimu pe iyesip. He enna3 (cf: enna2) vt ask, request syn:
was pale.
ekamapo .
enkoma (var: enkut2) (cf: ap2) vt swallow
usenna (der.) 1) vr ask 2) vi pray 3) vi beg
something whole, without chewing, as in a tablet
or other medicine Tepi enkomap iya. He enna ema nostril
swallowed a tablet. Toron am uya
enna p the bridge of the nose (lit: noses
enkoptp. The birds were swallowing it (the bone)
seeds). cf: ennoko2 .
enku n 1) pink eye; sore or infected eyes 2) the

infection that causes pink eye disease,

ennaaik (var: enaik) vt 1) sniff 2) smell an ennoko1 (var: ennok; var: enno) vt 1) send,
odor send forth Augustus uya main ennokop.
usennaaik (der.) (var usenaik) vr sniff Augustus sent a message. Moro kapon esip
ennaipn vt cause someone to undergo a Papa nennokop, Isan itese. This person was
ritual application of bina or herbal medicine God's messenger, his name was John. Mrpan
Ennaipnp to uya. They performed a ritual nin si muran kan tnop ennokop iya.
on him (to apply a bina). And then he sent his wife for a charm. 2) cut down a
usennaipn (der.) vr ritual tree Yi ennosa to uya. They sent down a

tree.
ennaka vt 1) trick someone by talking to them
ennoko2 (cf: enkoma) vt swallow Eki
Kasi pe r ennaka uya. I tricked him with a lie. 2)
ennokop uya. I swallowed some cassava bread.
deceive
ennok var. of ennoko1
ennamo vt make someone fall so as to injure
his nose Iyennamop to uya. They made him enok (der. of inok) vr be or become
fall and hit his nose. mashed Enosa man! I am (cassava bread) being
usennamo (der.) vi fall mashed!
enoma vt 1) throw away To r enomaptp

ennamorm vi snore Iyennamormp.
He snored. to uya asisa kon iw ta. They took them and
threw them into prison. 2) imprison, put into prison
ennapinm vi breathe heavily 3) cause one to have an abortion; throw away
Iyennapinmp. He breathed heavily. one's pre-born baby 4) knock down
ennapisin (poss: ennapisin) n breath from enonka cf: enu2. (der. of nonka) vr 1) be or
the nose become set aside Iyenonkap. It was set aside.
ennapo cf: inapo. (der. of napo) vr return, 2) finish Yi atp tpo iyenonkasa. He
finished cutting the tree.
go to or come back from where one came To
ennapop. They returned. syn: utunta. enpaka (der. of upaka) vt waken, wake
someone up To enpakap uya. I woke them
ennapk n a variety of nut up.
ennasika (var: usennaisika) vt make enpaka vt 1) take out To uya enpakap
someone sneeze Ennasikap uya. I made him iyunati. They carried (him) out to bury him. 2)
sneeze. carry out 3) make a goal
ennasika vt throw someone or something into enpakank (der.) vt place outside
water Iyennasikap iya. He threw him into the
enpakank (der. of enpaka) vt place
water.
outside, put someone or something outside of a
usennasika (der.) 1) vr fall 2) vi dive 3) vr house
submerge
enparasaimuna vr be or become pale
ennasik n septum Iyenparasaimunasa man. He is pale.
enno var. of ennoko1 enpatamo vt slap, hit on the face

Enpatamop iya. He slapped her. ensima vt change

enpatapita vr be or become flushed, get a red usensima (der.) vr 1) change 2) change
face Iyenpatapitap. She became flushed.
enta vi 1) go Mr awr enta, se awr ut
enpataukwa vt 1) baptise Sises tane. You go in that direction, and I will go in this
enpataukwap Isan uya. John baptised Jesus. Entant. You all, go. cf: ut 1 . 2) go
direction.
syn: euranka 1 . 2) wash a face, to splash with away 3) go ahead
water Item enpataukwap iya. He washed enta postp from, with regard to time, as in, from
his face. then on
usenpataukwa2 (der.) 1) vr wash 2) vi entai 1) postp over main entaino talking over
baptised (one's head); someone who doesn't want to take your
enpip1 var. of enu pip advice; stubbornEke sane entaino r. It is bigger
than you. 2) nom bigger 3) nom a larger job than
enpip2 n a variety of fruit tree, waiti
a person can handle Eke pe r to uya ikup
enpo vt float something, bring it to the surface entai. (The bananas) were bigger than they could
Mrpan enpoi itp. He went to trap fish. do/carry.
usenpo (der.) vi 1) floated 2) out of the water entaika var. of entaka1
enpoika vt 1) translate Bible enpoikap iya entaikur vi salivate

to p. He translated the Bible for them. 2) reveal entaikwa vt eat, in particular, eating cassava
usenpoika (der.) vi known bread and pepper pot Entaikwatank. Come
and eat. (command to one person)
enpopo vt set a cassava bread cake on the roof
entaime vi cry Iyentaimeptp. She kept on
to dry Eki enpoposa to uya ut nakapu po.
crying. syn: ukaram1 .
They put up the cakes of cassava bread on the roof
to dry. entaka1 (var: entaika) 1) vi pass, pass by
enpu n top of a tree yi enpu the top of the tree tkomanton kon pe ser entakan yau those
enpukui (poss: yenpukuui) n 1) living here in the past Mrpan uya entakap
(non-possessed) a stick used to hit someone or tepiti pra. And he passed without healing him.
punish a child 2) something put on a stick and 2) vt put someone over someone else, as in
waved at someone to make them fall down dead having authority over him; give authority apne
enpp (der. of yen) n 1) empty container, a yeyaton non entaka tane uya, to esa pe
container that used to hold something 2) a wesi pa even though your enemies are over you,
person no longer possessed by an evil spirit
you will be their ruler
ensi2 vt drink Kasiri ensikaap uya. I already usentaka (der.) vi pass
finished drinking kazak. tensisen something
drinkable entaka2 vi lack appetite Mre entakap. The
baby lacked an appetite.
ensi1 (poss: yensi) n daughter to a father; used
entaka3 vi 1) pass a test 2) show one's
for indirect reference takaika ensi the
competency in a subject 3) succeed
kingfisher's daughter

entakanoma vt pay back, return esentukena (der.) nom sympathizing one

ksentakanomatu ri ke r mar don't you all entunk entu vt give birth warawo pe
pay back (evil) with evil
entunkp iya. She gave birth to a boy.
entakapima vi yawn
entupa var. of entuma
entakrka vi burp Iyentakrkap. He burped.
entusen n the one born Aiko pe entusen esi.
entakonoma vr refuse to speak; remain silent The one born/The baby is small.
entana vi eat, in particular, eating foods other enu1 (var: en3; poss: yenu) n eye wi enu
than the usual tuma and eki Tentana kon day's eye, sun tenu yau iyekaap a vision
tpo, to epakap. After eating, they went out. (enu pkr)
iyentakasa a person who has no appetite enu enap eyeball
intanapa (der.) vt feed enu inar inner part of the eye
entapima vi put on lipstick enu paru tears
entapisin (poss: antapisin) n breath from the enu pip (var enpip1; poss yenu pip)
mouth eyelid
entarum var. of etarerum enu pot dilated
entau postp yonder; in front of; beyond enu sipo eyelash
ent vt 1) enclose Ina apuruui ton entp ina enu we sleeper
uya. We put out things into a plastic bag. 2) fill a
enu wesema corners of the eye
container 3) pour syn: anuku 2 . (lit: put into a
hole) enu yen 1) eye socket 2) glasses
entokank vt understand Entokankp enu2 (cf: enonka) vi be or become finished,
uya se. Now, I understand it. completed Iyenukasa mr yi at tpo. He
entu (entunk) vi 1) be born To entukaap finished cutting down the tree. Iyenukasa r. (It
is) the completion of it/him.
kanan kapon entu kasa pen. They began to be
born, not like people are normally born. yentup enu paru ( enu1) tears Sises pta amankap
weyu rp your birthday 2) give birth iya tenu paru ke. She wet Jesus' feet with her
own tears.
Iyentup. She gave birth to a baby.
enu pip (var enpip1; poss yenu pip) (
entuma (var: entupa) nom someone who is
enu1) eyelid
poor, someone deserving of pity Pori pe r
kamo esi mr entuma tesan takwar kon enu pkr vt 1) depend Psamo mre am
yau rkw. Happy are those who are poor in their esi yenu pkrnokon. These children depend
hearts. on you all. 2) look for, anticipate, hope for (lit:
with eyes)
usentuma (der.) vi pity
enu pot ( enu1) one's own eyes to be or
become dilated Iyenupotp. He dilated his

own eyes. (lit. 'to burn the eye') enn var. of enm
enu yen ( enu1) 1) eye socket 2) a pair of
ent vt pack tapuruui entnin tutkap
glasses (lit. 'eye hole; eyes hole')
packing her things to go
enukank vt complete
enwara n a variety of small, green, lizard
enuku vi 1) go up, move in an upward direction
enwone (var: enwonet; poss:
2) go up-river Inpimti pona ina enukup.
yenwonet) 1) n right-hand side Sisiu pe
ascend, as
We went up-river to Imbaimadai. 3) to
Jesus did, into Heaven, from earth Sises iyesip enwone win. He was sitting at the
enukup. Jesus ascended. opp: kaami 1 ; opp: kami . 2) nom

right side.
someone perceptive
enuminka vt 1) think Iyenuminkap iya. He
enwonet var. of enwone
thought about it 2) puzzle over, try to figure out 3)
study eotoka (der. of otoka) vr hunt for oneself
usenuminka (der.) vr think epa vt 1) grind, as in provision for porridge
enupa vt teach To enupap auya. You taught Anai epap uya. I ground the corn. epato
them. millstone; anything that grinds 2) mash syn: wasa
usenupa (der.) 1) vi taught 2) vr teach 1 . 3) beat Uyemata pona nin epapnin ur.
I will beat (the aya) on my leg. 4) digest
enupanin n teacher cf: tisa ; low stat:
epaai n a variety of weapon - need description
tenupasen .
epaka (der. of paka) vr 1) go out To
enupan vi be or become accustomed to
epakap. They went outside (from the house,
something Enarike r esima utptp
say). 2) go outside as through a door 3) escape
uyapuruui warinpa p, etane r
epaka vi 1) pause Iyepakasa esip inke. He
enupankaap. I was afraid as I went looking for
my things, but then I became accustomed (to living in
paused for a long time. 2) stop Iyepakap. He
town). stopped.
enurik var. of enurip epakank vt command To epakankp

iya, apne pra Krai pe itup to uya. He
enurip (var: enurik) vi wait Mr korotau,
commanded them (to remain silent), because they
kapon am enurikp Sakaraya knew him to be the Christ.
enupkr. Meanwhile, people waited to see epam (var: epan) vi 1) increase in number or
Zechariah. syn: apne .
strength To epamp tuke r mr pata
enusima vi point in the direction of something yau. They increased (in number) in that place. syn:
using one's lips Iyenusimap tputu ke. He epirip . 2) reproduce, procreate Iyepamp.
pointed with his lips. She reproduced./She gave birth.
enut (der. of pon enu) vt button Ipon epan var. of epam

enutp iya. He buttoned his shirt. epana (cf: tti) nom someone or something
enm (var enn) (der. of nm) vr sleep quiet Epana ek! Be quiet!
To enm. They are sleeping. epanaro (der.) n silence

epanaro (der. of epana) n silence Epanaro eperu n general term for the fruit of any plant
r. It is quiet. mn eperu the fruit of the thorn plant
epantaka (der. of pantaka) 1) vr branch off Eper nprop Abel, the Alleluia prophet
To epantakap nn asanta piyapai. They
epeta (poss: yepeta) n cheek
branched off far from the trail. 2) vi deviate
epeta vi bear fruit Iyepetap eke pe, pena
epantama vi fight, physical contact fighting
iyesip entai. It bore plenty more than before.
Mrpan kon epantamap mr wenai. So
they fought because of that. epetank vt cause a plant to bear fruit,
eparan n poison Iteparan konekap iya. She fertilize
got ready his poison. epi (poss: yepi) n 1) lip, the lower lip high
eparanka vt 1) tattle, tell someone of another's stat: putu1 3 ; high stat: putu pip . 2) edge,
bad actions or qualities mr eparankasa uya rim
pen mr. I didn't tattle about you. 2) cause epikat (der. of pikat) vr 1) help oneself
someone else to have trouble or an accident of Mepikat yan pe? Are you helping yourself? 2)
some kind Iyeparankap to uya. They gave help each other 3) help oneself to something
him some trouble. 3) betray Judas Iscariot, Sises epikri n a variety of seed used to make beads
eparankanin pe teton. Judas Iscariot, the one
epikr nom someone who has wrinkles on his or
who would betray Jesus.
her forehead Epikr pe iyesi. He has wrinkles
eparant (der.) vi accident
on his forehead.
eparant (der. of eparanka) vi to have an epikrita vr wrinkle one's face, possibly to
accident, to experience some trouble show pain or anger
Iyeparantp. He had some trouble.
epikoma vt undergo a ritual usually designed to
eparka (der. of parka) vi poured give success in hunting Epikomap iya. He
Iyeparkasa atai nin si. It was time to pour it. gave him a hunting ritual.
epe nom 1) someone foolish or dumb Epe pe usepikoma (der.) vr ritual

iyesi. She is foolish 2) someone dumb, a person epimo vi be or become chinked suparaai
who cannot speak or cannot hear
epimosa. Your cutlass became chinked.
epe (poss: epe) n 1) price epemn something
cheap, or, low in price or cost 2) payment
for work
epinan (var: ipinan) nom a thick liquid
done, reward epep moro man Epn po. Epinan pe kata esi. The soup is thick. Ipinan
Your reward/payment is in Heaven. pe karapa esi. The oil is thick. opp:
epeima vi bow down before someone ataiwanan .
epeisuka ( peisuka) vr kiss each other syn: epine nom something thick in texture, like
utasuka 2. condensed kasiri, or cassava drink, before it is
diluted with water
epep n reward, payment Mr atai, yepep
epipo vi 1) stub one's toe Iyepipop. He
eto oton eke pe. At that time, your reward will be stubbed his toe. 2) stumble; nearly
falling by
great. tripping on something 3) step on each other's

toes Mrpan kon epipoptp ttonpa mre warawo umatasa esip. The dead
kon pta pona. And they were stepping on their man was the only one left to the woman. 2) vr be or
partner's feet.
become orphaned 3) vr be or become widowed
epirikoto (var: epirikotoim) n epiyat vi 1) late Iyepiyat pe iyesa. He was

coming late. 2) beginning
(non-possessed) a variety of ant that build
cascading nests on tree trunks epiyt (der. of piynk) vi be or become
epirikotoim var. of epirikoto embarrassed Iyepiytp. He was embarrassed.
epirik var. of epirip epm (der. of pm) vi plant To epmp.
They planted.
epirip (var: epirik) vi increase Mrpan
Papa Maimu usekamap miyar r tukan
eprinka (var: eprinka) vi 1) lie down
kon p r tuke r Sises apurnin nan Iyeprinkap iyekwe tau. He lay down in his
tukanoro epiripp Surusiran po. And hammock. 2) lie, be in a lying position Mre
God's Word was heard in many places so that the Sises enm, iyeprinkasa rkw Baby
many believers of Jesus increased in Jerusalem. Jesus sleeping, lying
syn: epam 1 . eprinka var. of eprinka
epiro n a boil one can get under one's eye eprinprinma vi roll
episika vi defecate uncontrollably epo var. of eporo
Iyepisikaptp. He couldn't stop defecating.
epo var. of eporo
episinpisinma vi drizzle, as in a light rain
epoi postp above itepoi above it
falling Tuna episinpisinmap. The rain
drizzled. epokonoma vr be or become cursed
epit vt put an edge on something, used of epokwa vi float Iyepokwap. It floated.
making a backpack or of making cassava.
eponisima vi punish, suffer, do poorly without
Warisa epitp uya. I put an edge on the
the aid of something
warishi.
epont (der. of pont) vr dress oneself
epit (der. of pit) vi 1) be or become healed
Epontptp. I was dressing (myself).
Mepityan pe? Are you applying/taking
medicine? 2) be or become treated for an illness eporima (der. of porima) vr make oneself
epitnin (der. of epit, see under pit) n 1) happy; be or become happy Eporimayai ser
health care worker 2) healer, in the traditional awanaki. I am happy this morning.
sense
eporo (var: epo; var: epo) vt 1) find
epiya (var: epiya p) n 1) spine, backbone
Uyeporop iya nokon. He found us. 2)
itepiya p his backbone 2) the lower part of discover 3) receive 4) realize 5) get, as in
the back birthing children, becoming a mother Umunk
epiya p var. of epiya am man kamoro pona rkw
epiyapainoma 1) vi be the only one remaining uneporosan. My children, those I got/gave birth to.
Tikin nan n iyepiyapainomasa urisan eseporo (der.) (var esepo) 1) vr meet 2) vi

find 3) vi realize epren var. of eprem

epot (der. of pot) vr burning, something in the erakairakaima vr convulse
process of burning
erama (var: ekama) vt see n uya
epoto (poss: yepotor) n leader, champion
uyerama, uyapono tnuti. Who changes
Israelites am esip to epotor pra r.
The Israelites did not have their leader or champion me? My throne is coming down. syn: ene2 1 .
(to match Goliath among the Philistines). opp:
eramuta vi sweat, perspiration Iy- eramuta
amip 1 .
-p. He sweated. (after working hard in the sun)
epu n 1) handle eripoi epu pot's handle 2) fishing
erat vi 1) change Iy- erat -sa. He has changed.
rod konoi epu fishing pole cf: konoi epu .
2) turn or turn back Mrpan etane to
epu var. of epuru vr roast, dry moro am eratp pen r ip. But then they didn't turn
epupsa atai when the fish were roasted back toward him. 3) repent
epuika vt make a point on an arrow or fishing erawoika vi capsize Ukanwa erawoikap.

hook Epuikap uya. I made a point (on the My canoe capsized.
arrow). ere (poss: yere) n liver urana ere labba's liver

epukena n prophet Epukena Praikoman ere n 1) a skin disease or rash, the cause of
pe, Papa Elijah was a prophet, God. which is unknown syn: werei 1 . 2) leprosy
epukiririma vi make bubbles in the water ere ewa (poss: yere ewa) n diaphragm
Tsemse epukiririmap. I dunk under
ereku n gall bladder
water and make bubbles.
epup n 1) trunk of a tree Mrpan uya aya eren (poss: yeremu) n hymn, song
epup atp. And then, he cut the aya trunk. 2) erenka vt sing To uya erenkap. They sang (a
ear of corn anai epup an ear of corn song).
epuru (var epu) (der. of puru2) vr roasting userenka (der.) vr sing
epuru n 1) lord, master, ruler Epuru Sises Krai erepa 1) vr give of oneself Iyerepap. He gave
the Lord Jesus Christ 2) leader syn: esa 3 . himself. 2) vi share Mrpan kon erepaptp
epuru wann lord ttonpa kon pokon pe. And they shared with
their own partners.
Epn (var: epn) nprop heaven ereukwa vr eye turning up; either from being
epn var. of Epn sick or from flirting en ereukwa eye turning up
eprasokome (der. of prasokome) vr hurt ereuta vi 1) sit down Ereutant. You all sit
one's own ankle Iyeprasokomesa. She hurt down. 2) stop 3) be at peace, have peace 4) rest
her ankle./Her ankle was hurt. ereutank (var: ereutanp) vt 1) cause
eprema var. of prema someone to sit down 2) cause someone to stay
eprem (var epren) (der. of prem) vr Mrpan to uya eposa atai, ereutanki
having become into a line, lined up ise to esip, it namai. And so when they

found him, they were wanting to make him stay, lest caretaker 2) owner panton am esa r having
he go. 3) welcome, receive To ereutankp plenty stories 3) leader syn: epuru 2 . 4) expert
iya. He welcomed them. 4) stop someone, stop taren esa person who performs or is an expert in
someone from doing something taren 5) lord; master; husband; provider
ereutanp var. of ereutank esa var. of esa
eri2 var. of erik esaka (der. of saka) 1) vr be or become
eri1 (var: iri) n (non-possessed) a variety of tree disturbed 2) vi loose, as in a trap
similar to the mora; good for lumber, dugout esakoropa (der. of sakoropa) vi be or
canoes
become mad or angry Mrpan kon
erik (var: eri2; var: erin) vi die To erik esakoropap tnop kon wenai. So they
-p. They died. syn: mata 1 . became angry because of their wives.
erin var. of erik esak vt 1) say 2) call Tron kon uya sapa
eripoi (poss: eripooi) n pot, a shallow clay pot esak. Others call it saba. 3) name
for frying or parching usesak (der.) vi called
erisi n rice esakwa (der. of saukwa) vr break, be or
eroi n 1) a variety of cashew tree 2) the variety of become broken Kayarap ye panta
nut from the same tree esakwap. The kaya'rapp tree branch broke.
eru (poss: yeru) n 1) cousin, the female cousin esama (der. of sama) 1) vr hang oneself in
of a female, indirect address dir add: wrmai order to commit suicide Iyesamap. He hung
1 . 2) sister-in-law, indirect address dir add: himself. 2) vi choked, as an animal in a noose
wrmai 2 . trap Urana esamap umareei ya. The labba
choked (to death) in my noose trap.
eruma vt cause another person to fast
esamkt vi make tense the muscles of one's
Iyerumap iya tentanai pra. He made him
fast from eating. body Iyesamktp. He made the muscles of
his body tense.
useruma (der.) vr fast
esamorka (der. of amorka) vr feel bad;
eruparu n breath getting worse Upai esamorkasa. My head
erupatuka vt strangle Terupatukai iwsa o ache is getting worse.
mr tpo imn p to entana namai. esamkt vt make a person bent over in pain
They should not eat meat or blood from animal that
esanon var. of esa
was strangled.
erupere var. of urupere esant vi cough; choke when eating or drinking

Iyesantptp. He was coughing.
Eruwak nprop 1) the Arawak tribe 2) a person
of Arawak descent esanm (der. of anm2) vi jump onto Im
erwo n a variety of ground dove pona si iyesanmp mr. He jumped onto
Columbiagallina passerini his neck. Esannpk! Jump up and down!
esa (var: esanon; var: esa; poss: esa) n 1) esapatoit vi wear shoes, shod oneself

Mrpan iyenonkasa pe iyesi yau mr ya tau. They prayed in church. 2) kneel

iyesapatoitptp. After that, in that time, she esekwa n rope
was putting on shoes.
esema var. of ansama
esapema (der. of sapema) vr disagree with
each other, be against each other To esemu1 (poss: esemu) n knee
esapemap. They disagreed. esemu2 n chorus syn: yen 6 .
esaponka (der. of aponka1) vr hunt for esen (poss: esen) n throat syn: wai3 1 .
oneself; fish for oneself Piyaima am
esen kor flabby skin hanging down from below
esaponkap tnop ya. A giant went hunting the jaw (lit: throats gold)
with his wife.
esen onon assistant Kusa esip Era esen
esapont vi sleep; get into a hammock or onto a
onon pe. Chusa was Herod's assistant.
bed, prepare for sleep
esaraika (der. of saraika) vi comb one's own esen tikitiki epiglottis
hair Iyesaraikap. She combed (her own hair). esentukena (der. of usentuma, see under
esarat (der. of sarat) vi start out; begin to go entuma) nom someone showing sympathy
Awanaki ina esarat mr. We will start out Esentukena pe iyesi. He is good at showing
sympathy.
in the morning. To esaratp utn p. They
started to go. esepanka vt tame Emenna pe ikn
ese (poss: yese) (cf: waraito; cf: yako) n 1) esepankap iya. He tamed his new pet.
brother-in-law, indirect address dir add: sese 1 esepo var. of eseporo
; dir add: akonpi 1 . 2) cousin, a male speaking eseporo (var esepo) (der. of eporo) 1) vr
about a male cousin, indirect address dir add: meet each other 2) vi find each other 3) vi be
sese 2 ; dir add: akonpi 2 . realized r kuru ekuto oton iweyu
ese (var: ese; poss: yese) n 1) name Goliath eseposa ikamanin pe? What will happen to
itese Goliath (was) his name 2) tribe, the name by show the time is about to be realized?
which one belongs to a particular culture and esereka vi sneak, to be sneaky or act sneakily
language
Iyeserekap. He sneaked.
eset (der.) vt name
eseremek vt 1) rebuke Sises eratp to
eseremesena. Jesus turned to rebuke them. 2)
useset (der.) vr name
say something in a serious manner To
ese var. of ese kseremeki. Don't talk to them. To
eseik vi argue, answer back, usually with an eseremek. Talk to them. 3) in a general way,
argumentative tone To eseiptp. They speak
argued with each other. eseipn arguing eseru (poss: eseru) n 1) habit, way of doing
esekeukwa vr be or become bent things to eseru their habit 2) sense 3) wisdom 4)
tradition 5) character 6) will
esekunka vi 1) pray To esekunkap sosi eserut (der.) vt wisdom

eserut (der. of eseru) vt give someone wisdom eskima var. of etkima

eserutto uya I give you wisdom eskrrma var. of skrr vr be or
esesenkuka vr clear one's throat become heated
eset (der. of ese) vt give a name to someone or esma vi be or become angry Iyesmap. He
something Eset uya ser Moisi tukai. I name was angry. syn: usakorota .
this one Moses. esonam (var esonam) (der. of onam) vr
eset vt 1) take care of something; keep be or become hidden esonanto a hiding place
something from falling or spilling Esett! esonam var. of esonam
Take care of it! (a command given to more than one
person) 2) steer; using a paddle to turn one's esopt vr shaking or shivering with cold
canoe 3) control Ikomi pe esopt. I am shivering with cold.
useset (der.) 1) vi steady 2) vr standing 3) esotoka (der. of sotoka) vi be in a standing
vr control
position Mrpan esotokasa esip. And he
esi (var: esi; var: e3; var: si) vi is, to be, are was standing.
Kaat piyau Main n esip. The Word was esousouma vi be beside water Tuna
with God. Psamo Israelite am uya Papa esousoumap ?
apur esip. These Israelites had God's faith/faith
esuken adv completely Tanporon kon umre
in God. syn: en 2, wann2 .
am esi urisan esuken. All my children are all
esikiri nom 1) something small 2) a small group daughters.
of something
esuma vt mix
esimunui var. of simunui
esuraika vi 1) lay prostrate or face down on the
esinka vr hanging Patawon am uya ki ground before somebody or something
esinkasa ene atai itemiya p, to uya Iyesuraikap. He laid prostrate. 2) lie down
tap tiwano kon pe, When the residents saw Iyesuraikasa esip akwa tau. He lay down
the snake hanging from his arm, they said to each in a hammock.
other,. . ..
esuru vt 1) pick; pick the grain or kernel off of
esinsinka var. of sinsinka the head of a plant 2) hanging down, loose; so
esinsinma var. of sinsinka that you can do something with it
esnka vi sink Mrpan kon kanwa
esipo (der. of usipo) vr sting oneself using
ants, as a potion or charm for good luck in esnkaiwap. And their canoe/boat almost sunk.
hunting, etc. Esipop. I stung myself. eta1 (poss: etarii / ayare) n leaf apa are the
esirosiroma vr moving, as a baby does avocado tree leaf
eta2 vt 1) hear etap uya. I heard you. 2) smell

esisima vi itch Ikan pe upip esisima.
My skin itches terribly. O uknm etap uya. I smelled the scent of
meat.
esitnka vr to be or become stiff, rigid
etaamon n (non-possessed) a small, green
esi var. of esi variety of snake

etaka vt 1) tire of doing something Ksetakatu etannmp. the urami' bird sang.
wak kup p. Do not tire of doing good. 2) etank vt cause someone to become ill by
cause someone to be disgusted with something making them eat forbidden food Mre
Etakap to uya. They disgusted him (with their
etankp to uya. They made the child eat
behavior).
forbidden food (so he would become ill).
usetaka (der.) (var usetak) vi 1) tired 2)
usetank (der.) vr ill
tired
etank (var: etanp) vi 1) be or become
etaka n width
spread, cover an increasingly larger area
etakererum vi babble, as a baby who cannot Mrpan etankp to kaisa r to ipai
yet talk does apptp iya. It touched each of their heads as
etakr vi drool it spread. 2) be or become scattered ri eseru
etaku (poss: yetaku) n spit, saliva Itetaku ya kr r kanan wnp, mrpan poitor
amunap. His spit dried up. rsan etanpp. this wicked one was also
killed, and his former followers were scattered.
etaku amrap var. of mta paruta
etanp var. of etank
etaku yen n salivary gland
etapnm var. of etat
etakka vi stand still Itp iten apsena,
etapo n mustache
mrpan annin nan etakkap. He went to
touch it, and those carrying it stood still. etapu n 1) partner syn: tonpa1 3 . 2) something
to go with meat to make a more complete meal,
etakma (var: etakma) vr be or become
potato, rice, provision, etc.
sober, not drunk Etakmanpainokon. Let us
etapne var. of etamne
be sober.
etakma var. of etakma etaraika vi crawl, as a baby Iyetaraikap. He

crawled.
etakwam var. of etakwanm
etarenpa (der. of taren) vt practice the ritual
etakwanm (var: etakwam) vi 1) beg 2) art of blowing to determine cause of sickness in
cry to be fed, like a dog the person being blown, or some other
etamirit (var: etamrit) vi smoke metaphysical reality To uya nr
cigarettes or some other form of tobacco uyetarenpap. They also blew me.
Ketamiriti. Don't smoke. etarerum (var: entarum) vi 1) whisper 2)
etamne (var: etapne) nom something complain, grumble Main p enupanin nan
heavy Etamne pe iyesi. It is heavy. opp: etarerump. The teachers of the law
asiono . complained.
etamrit var. of etamirit etari (etari ye) n someone drunk
etanap n a clean spot, something clean or etari ye etari n drunkard

having been cleaned etaripan n (non-possessed) a party for getting
etannm vi 1) talk 2) sing, as a bird Urami drunk Etaripan pe ipata esi. This place is for

getting drunk. opp: nurne 2 . (with fear).
etasipo (poss: yetasipo) n beard eto n (non-possessed) edoe

etoi var. of etoikwa
etataukwa vi leap, jump Umre
etatakwap teporima ke. My child leaped etoikwa (var: etoi) vi 1) explode To r nin
with joy. si etoiptp. So it was they who exploded.
etat (var: etapnm) vi spit Iyetatap Uyemiya etoikwasa. My hand has a blister
non pona. He spit on the ground. (from using a cutlass or other hard work). 2) erupt
W etoikwap. The mountain erupted.
etat vi grow legs, like a tadpole growing into a
etokank (der. of tokank) vr know
frog r pe yesa? yetatsa! What has
happened to you? You have grown legs! oneself; understand oneself Mr pona
eteka1 var. of etnka tetokansen pe ento kon pe. When this

happens, we understand ourselves, and we come.
eteka2 vr reach, for a boat to reach dry land;
etokoima vi drip Tuna etokoimap. The
land; arrive
water dripped.
etinka vi a woman in labour, about to deliver a
etok vt 1) argue 2) fight, scramble
baby Iyetinkasa kapon uyesa esip. A
woman came who was about to deliver her baby.
etok var. of itok (der. of itok) 1) vt boil
Mekuru pe netokayan? Is he boiling the
et vi 1) fall Yi etsa. The tree broke and fell. 2)
bananas soft? (for making porridge) 2) vi be or
break
become soft or mushy
etkima (var: eskima) vi hiccough etokwa vi lose to a winner in a game Etokwa
Iyetkimap. He hiccupped.
mr. I will lose.
etkwa vi 1) fail, be or become unlucky etonpat (der. of tonpat, see under
Iyetkwasa. He is a failure. 2) fade tonpa1) vr be or become joined Mrpan kon
etmuika (der. of tmuika) vi be or become etonpatsa esi p 5,000 kaisa r. And those
bent over joined together were 5,000 in number.
etnka (var: eteka1) vi lean against something etoretorema vi cough Iyetoretoremap. He

Iyetnkap. He leaned. Mrpan etekasa coughed. syn: usenaika 1 .
yi pona. He leaned on the tree. etorupat vi standing behind
etrinka vi 1) roll 2) tip over etorpat vi nurse Imre etorpatsa man.
etrika vi settling, mostly under water; like Her baby is nursing.
starch settling out of the cassava water mn etukuika vi 1) dive 2) swim 3) bathe
etrikasa the blood has settled out (to the bottom
etupa vt love, show affection toward another,
of water).
especially as a dog to his master
etttika var. of etttma
eturuma vi 1) be or become tired Eturumasa.
etttma (var etttika) (der. of tttma) vr I am tired. 2) be
or become resting
shake, tremble To etttmap. They shook Iyeturukaap. He was resting again. 3) be or

become mashed 4) be or become broken euku (poss: uku) n drink Anink, uku. Look,
etururuka vi tumble, fall down a steep incline your drink.
etutuma vr heart beat eukut (der.) vt ferment
eti vi be or become frightened Mrpan eukut (der. of euku) vt set drink aside to
nosamisi etiptp. Then the old woman allow it to ferment Kasiri eukutp iya. She
became frightened. set the caziri aside to ferment.
etkitkima vi rippled, as in the surface eukwa vt 1) untie Maipuri eukwap uya. I

of water after a stone is thrown into it untied the cow. syn: aranka 2 . 2) loose syn:
etn cf: ettika. (der. of tn) 1) vi be or aranka 1 .
become still Mrpan asetun etnp. And euranka vt 1) baptise Sises euranka -p John
then the wind was still. 2) vr be or become calmed
uya. John baptised Jesus. syn: enpataukwa 1 .
Iyekima etnsa man. His fever has gone 2) wash
down.
euta n hole t euta nau in a cave (a rock's hole)
etrawaso (der. of trawaso) vr working for
syn: yen 2 .
oneself
etrinka vi tired, sleepy ewa (poss: ewa) n 1) fishing line 2) rope, string
etrunka vi thunder, the action that results from ewai (cf: atai) 1) adv yes; the affirmative
lightning response to a yes-no question 2) conj and
etr (der. of tr1) vr given, given by oneself, ewai nak Yes, surely.
given for oneself ewai nawon I'm not sure; I don't know; the
etrkwa vi 1) be or become scattered syn: unsure response to a yes-no question
ank . 2) fall ewaipama vi have a burning sensation on the
etrm vi rumble, the sound of thunder skin Upip ewaipamap. My skin burned
(after being scratched by a grass).
Korme esaratp etrnpn p. Thunder
started rumbling. ewakayu nom someone or something young
ettika cf: etn. (der. of ttika) vr 1) be Ewakayu pe iyesi. He is young.
or become stopped, end 2) be or become calm ewakiri (var: ewakri) nom like, preference
etwarika vi 1) escape from home Ewakiri pe kasiri esi. My like is kaziri.
Iyetwarikap. She escaped from home. 2) Tewakiri pe tsapatooi nkonekapai
leave
iyesip. He was wanting to make this own sandals
etwarima vi suffer Iyetwarimap. He that he likes.
suffered.
ewako n a variety of mushroom
eu n (non-possessed) a variety of small, silver-
ewak vt 1) scrape Naire ewakp uya. I
coloured fish, resembling a sardine
scraped the paddle. 2) carve Yi ewakp iya.
She scraped the stick.
ewakma n (non-possessed) happiness

ewakri var. of ewakiri ewarauka (der. of warauka) vi be or become

ewakt (der. of wakt) vr shield oneself, opened Epn ewaraukwasa atai when
defend oneself Heaven opened
ewan (poss: yewan) n 1) belly 2) spirit, the ewaron n darkness, especially in a spiritual
center of one's emotions or spirit 3) stomach 4) sense
body cavity ewaruma n hate
ewan enap n heart ewarumat (der.) 1) vt hate 2) vi refuse
ewan tpu (var: ewantpu) heart (lit: bellys ewarumam vi 1) be or become late in the day
rock)
Pata nin si ewarumankaap mr piyaisan
ewanat 1) vt begin 2) vi begin to To
p r iyesaratkaap. When night came to the
komam atai ewanat iyai, esip si ya r, place, the piaichang started his sorcery. syn:
. . .. When they began to live together, . . .. ukomam 3 . 2) be or become dark Tuna si
ewanayuru n a long, straight section of river ewarumamp. It became dark (to rain).
tuna ewanayuru the straight stretch of river ewarumat (der. of ewaruma) 1) vt hate
ewankama vt cause someone to worry or to Tanporon kon uya r yewarumatto oton
suffer To ewankamap iya. He made them kon. Everyone will hate you. 2) vi refuse
suffer. Iyewarumatp. He refused.
ewanoma 1) vt fight Israelite am piyau to ewarup n 1) (non-possessed) night Akwa

si esip Philistine am ewanoma p. The eweitsa ewarup yau. The light was shining in
Israelites were waging war with the Philistines. 2) vi the darkness. 2) darkness
wage war usewanomanto a war 3) vi hate 4) ewasa var. of ewasu
vi be or become against another person
ewasu (var: ewasa) (cf: ekap) vi 1)
ewanpa vt cherish Unewanpan
defecate Iyewasuptp. He defecated. 2) to
uwanamarii ikwsa iya. He broke the mirror I
pass diarrhea
cherish.
ewata (poss: ewata) n armpit
ewantmo vi hit someone in the abdomen or
belly Iyewantmop. He hit someone in the ewat vt 1) string 2) tie up Uwarisar ewatsa
belly. uya. I tied up my warishi.
ewantpu (poss ewantpu) var. of ewan tpu usewat (der.) vi 1) tied up 2) build
n heart; the organ for pumping blood (lit. 'bellys
stone') eweit (der. of weit) vi shine Akwa
eweitsa ewarup yau. The light was shining in
ewapiyaka vi being or becoming first
the darkness.
ewaput (der. of waput, see under wapu)
ewek (var: ewet) vt feed someone else
1) vr make an excuse for oneself 2) vi be or
becoming surrounded or shielded Irepapt iya, ewek iya sane si. He gave it,
he really fed him.
ewaraika (der. of waraika) vr scratch
oneself Iyewaraikap. He scratched himself. ewepma vi itch Upai ewepmap. I

itched my head ewoiwoima (der. of woiwoima) vi spin

ewesenaukwa vi wipe oneself after
ewoknka vi part, as in clouds parting in the
defecating Iyewesenakwap. He wiped sky to let the sun shine through
himself.
ewom vi go in, especially into a building
ewetum (der. of wetum) vr stay awake,
Ewonk. Come in. Elizabeth ya nin si Papa
keep oneself awake Kr r si annin np
Akwar ewomp mr. God's Spirit entered
pen ewetunkaap. The one who didn't eat was into Elizabeth.
staying awake.
wonka (der.) vt open
ewet var. of ewek
ewonk vt catch fish using a maswa or dam
eweukwa vi disappear, disappear suddenly
and trap Moro am ewonkp iya. He
Mr atai enarike pe to eto ewekwap.
caught plenty fish using a dam and trap.
And so, their fear disappeared.
ewop (poss: yewop) n mother-in-law,
eweuweuma vi flash, as in lightning Kamiri
indirect address dir add: wan 2 .
eweuweumap nr. Ligthning flashed, too.
syn: urenpam .
ewrukwa (der. of wruka) vr move
oneself, especially when going to live in another
ew vi 1) marry Ewsa iyesi -p. He was married. place To ewrukwap tron n air. They
2) living at home slid over to another part.
ewn (der. of wn) 1) vr hit oneself ewsa. eyaton (var: eyaton non; poss: eyaton) n 1)
You hit yourself (when you fell). 2) vi be or become rival 2) enemy
hit 3) vi fight each other
eyaton non var. of eyaton
ewrka vi very angry, indignant
Ii
i- (phon. var: iy-; phon. var: it-) (cf: kr r) 1) -i1 near in time N- ukoman -pt -i inke r. He
he/she/it, third person verb prefix Iy- ata -p. was staying a long time. K- ut -i! Don't you go!
It sprouted. 2) him/her/it, third person verb prefix
-i1 (var: -se1) purpose, intention menuka -i (in
I- wnp iya. He hit him. 3) his/her/its, third
order) to write
person noun prefix itekare -ei his news/words
ika vt 1) bite Waamori uya ikap. The turtle bit
-i2 (var: -r; var: -i; var: -n; var: -m; var: him. 2) sting Arai ikasa uya. A spider bit me. 3)
-r; var: -oi; var: -ai; var: -o; var: -ui) scratch; make itch Uyikaptp iya. It
possession; used to show that the stem is scratched me
possessed u- saki -i my sack
usika (der.) vr itchy
-i2 certainty Uye -a -i. I am coming. Utakama p
ikan nom terribly Ikan pe upip esisima.
e -a -i. I am not being satisfied.
My skin itches terribly.

ikanpa var. of kanma1 ikumuru n pus

ikapisin n smoke from a fire ikun rancid, the smell of fish meat gone bad
ikaramenu n a variety of fish with stripes; Ikun moro esi. The fish is rancid.
edible ikunt vt wound; make something unable to move
ikasa n idol, image (lit: the made thing) Pero kuntsa to uya ekatump. The dog
they wounded ran away.
iki n a variety of worm, found on mora tree
leaves during rainy season ikupa n a variety of plant
ikima vt shake trpn am uya to ikup (poss: kupri) n pond, lake
ikimap. many earthquakes shook them. ikura vt paddle a canoe Ina uyeekaap
usikima (der.) vr shaken tsikrai, naire ke, nn r. We came
paddling, with paddles, a long way.
ik n 1) mosquito larva Dermatobia hominis 2) a
variety of larva that grows in wounds on the usikura (der.) vr paddle
skin
ikurinsa 1) nom something or someone wet
ikr vt 1) chop, as in cutting wood for firewood
Ikurinsa pe moro esi. The fish (I am drying) is
Muran nin si ikrptp to uya mr. They
wet. syn: amanka . 2) vt soak, as in dried meat,
chopped up the bina there. 2) break apart, break
to make it soft again opp: kanp .
open To uya r temiya, tta r auronpsa,
etane wakapun ke tpasimanin ke r ikn (poss: yikn) n pet tikn his own pet
tetane, ikrptp iya r. They bound his ikra vt stir, particularly stir cassava drink
hands and feet, but even with metal (chains) to hold
Kasiri ikra uya. I am stirring cassava drink.
him, he broke them apart.
ikoro n 1) a small, swampy area particularly ikrak nom bitter taste; used to describe the
taste of kada before it is cooked to make it
along a path Ikoro pe pata esi. The place is
edible. Ikrak pe kata esi. The kada is bitter.
muddy. 2) clay, especially along a path, during
rainy season Ikoro pe ema esi. The path is syn: mai1 3 .
covered with wet clay. syn: tawa 2 . ikrim vt soak something

ikororimta n a large swampy area ekurim (der.) vi wet
iku nom a muddy place Iku pe peya esi. The ikr n hill, an area with small hills
landing is muddy. opp: awainan . ikrn 1) n purple potato 2) nom something
ikuip n flood syn: imnp 1 . black in colour Ikrn pe iyesi. It is a black
ikuka vt wash, referring to clothes or the body one. opp: aimune .
Upai sikuka uya. I am washing my head. syn: ikrntank vt make dark Wi uya upip
tukuna . ikrntansa. The sun has made my skin dark.
ikumr slippery, like clay soil at river's edge ikwa vt 1) peel, as in a fruit or vegetable
Ikumr pe iyesi. It is slippery. Ikwap uya. I peeled it. 2) skin, as in removing

the skin of an animal 3) scrape Mrpan someone other than one's spouse Papa uya
ikwap ina uya. And then we scraped the kuru imanapanin nsan menkato oton.
cassava roots. God will judge those who commit adultery.
ikwam (var: ikwan) vt 1) bail water from a imanka vt fetch, bring Mr apo imankak.
boat Ikwanpt uya. I am bailing (the boat). I am Fetch that firewood.
throwing out (the water from the boat). syn: imawari n 1) an indigenous style of singing and
paruka . 2) throw out a fluid 3) pour fluid from dancing 2) possibly a term for the Holy Spirit of
a container God
ikwan var. of ikwam imeya n eave of a house or building
ikwarm var. of ikwarmo imo2 vt 1) break up or burst Mr nin si imosa
ikwarmo (var: ikwarm) vi make porridge auya atai iyenaika mr. When you bust this
(calabash), she will be vexed about it. 2) burst
ikwarmosa porridge
shingles 3) make a roof from shingles 4) crack
ikw vt harvest, gather, pick Upikatpai pe imo1 var. of utamorka
meyan anai ikwpt p? Do you want to
imoi (poss: moi) n egg krtk imoi chicken
help me harvest the corn?
egg
ikwt1 vt make an edge on a cake of cassava
Imoi nprop the name given to a creek along the
bread Eki epi ikwtp uya. I put an edge on
Kukui River between Jawalla and Philipai
the cake of cassava bread.
imoronp n an illness caused by excessive
ikwt2 vt break something; to cause something
mining or burning of the bush
to become broken Urari ikwptp iya. He
imun (poss: imun) n 1) root cf: mi . 2) ground
broke the urari on (the dart). Iyekatump mr
provision, general term for potato, yam, cassava,
si tnikwptp tema awr. She ran along etc.
breaking off branches along the path.
Imuraai nprop the name given to a creek back
ekwt1 (der.) vr broken dam from Jawalla village
ikwti amutp a type of cassava bread imime vt bend a young sapling tree in an arch
(?) Mrpan uya yi mrep imimep
-ima while, as Mr atai asanta awr ttima asanta ta. So they bent young saplings across the
nokon, . . . At that time, as we were going along path.
the path, . . . imkam vt yoke, connect a pair of animals by

imaka vt finish Mr tpo tanporo imakap a yoke around their necks
tuya nokon atai, . .. After they had finished imk vt divide, partition To yo imkp
everything, . . . uya. I divided their meat.
akwar imaka (id.) vr grieve imnp 1) flood Imnp pe tuna esip. The
imamin (poss: imamin) n 1) possessions to syn: ikuip . 2) n the season
river flooded.
imamin their toys 2) goods 3) a child's toys from June to August; usually rainy syn:
Tmon 2 .
imanapa vi commit adultery, to have sex with

imrkt vt decapitate, cut off the head Aku ya. God will return us to the good place. 2) repeat,
imrktp uya. I decapitated the agouti. as in saying something a second time Mr
inapokak kanan. Say that again.
imsaka vt 1) stand, set in an upright position
Yi imsakap ina uya. We made the tree inau (cf: ono, okorono) adv 1) under water,
stand up (after it fell over). 2) raise; specifically, deep Inawon n mokap to uya. They took
cause someone to rise from the dead, cause to him out from a deep hole. Mr atai, to uya
be alive again Papa, ina tamokori ton eto
eporop 100 feet inau iyesi tukai. Then,
itese p, Sises pmsakanin np they found (the water) was 100 feet deep. 2)
iyerisa apai nwnp kon tpokapse yi underground, under the surface of the ground,
pona. God, on whom our ancestors called, has say, in a hole; deep Sunwa inau t euta nau
raised Jesus from death, whom you killed by stabbing iyesip. He was in a cave, deep underground.
him to a tree.
ine nom something bitter to the taste Ine pe
emsaka (der.) vi 1) stand 2) raise up
eki esi. The cassava is bitter. opp: aseku ; syn:
ina1 pron 1) we (exclusive) Ina utp. We went. mai1 2 .
2) us (exclusive) Ina pokap iya. He shot us.
ine 1) n a variety of hot pepper 2) n a variety of
3) our ina mariyar our knife hot pepper bush 3) nom something spicy;
ina2 vt weed, particularly pulling up unwanted something having a strong pepper flavour Ine
plants by the roots uprorooi inap uya. I pe tuma esi. The tuma is spicy. opp: kotmn
.
weeded my yard. syn: kuruka .
inene (cf: waiyo) 1) nom something salty
ina n 1) its depth Four feet ina rkw
Inene pe o esi. The meat is salty. opp:
iyesip. Its depth was four feet. 2) a pit 3) Hell
kotmn . 2) n salt
inai (var: inapai) nom 1) something true or real
ininpayan vt cause pain
Mr esip inai -ron akwa pe tanporon
non pon kon weit nin pe. And this was the inkenan (var: inkenan) cool; a
true light that was shining in all the world. 2) sincere temperature or feeling between hot and cold sclr
3) honest prop: ane, inkenan, komi .
inakap n (non-possessed) a hollowed out inkwrnk vt go across, traverse Iti
stump inkwrnkp to utp. They went across
inansika vt 1) fear 2) bother the savannah.
inank vt make wet Patiya ye inankp inpank vt 1) cool down something that is
uya. I wet the watermelon plant. hot 2) make peace inpank p tesan
enank (der.) vr wet kamoro they are being peacemakers 3) relieve

Medicine uya upai inpankp. The
inapai var. of inai medicine relieved my head (ache). 4) stop
inapo (cf: ennapo) vt 1) return something enpank (der.) vr stopped

Inapo uya ser piya. I am returning this to you.
int vt cook fish by wrapping it in leaves and
Papa uya si kunapo kon, wak nin si pata roasting it

inkar n jungle; bush Mapisa intaka the high-water bypass named

Mabicha
inke adv 1) in a steady fashion, continuously
intanapa (der. of entana) vt serve someone
Inke r to uyep. They are taking a long time to
food, in particular, cassava bread, pepperpot
come. 2) consistently, regularly 3) forever,
and cassava drink To intanapak. Serve them
eternal inke ro r eternal syn: pena 2, twr 1
food.
.
intatoi (var: intotoi) n jaw
-ino subjunctive suffix Upon ton tukunapsa
auya yau, yepep ke knrepaino. If you had intomai var. of inton
washed my clothes, I would have given you your inton (var: intomai) n 1) uncle; in particular,
payment.
one's father's brother, direct address indir add:
inok vt mash, usually cassava bread, to make kipn1 2 . 2) old man 3) mother's male
porridge Eki inokp uya. I mashed cassava cousin, direct address
bread. mekuru inosa mashed banana drink intotoi var. of intatoi
enok (der.) vr mash inkenan var. of inkenan nom cold, as in
drinking water
inonka vt leave something
inma vt keep something to oneself
inonkiran n world, earth syn: or 1,
Kuyinma tuyanokon pe. We will keep it to
urayanta . ourselves.
inp 1) nom used to describe the shape of a inm2 vt cause pain Uy krwa pe tesen
traditional Akawayo structure or building with inm. My tooth aches.
two center posts; used to describe the shape of a
sour nut (poss. parepu) cf: waipa . 2) n a inm1 vr valuable in mn worthless inn
variety of nut with an oval shape Caryocar ke something valuable
muciferum
inn nom someone loved by another Iyinn pe
Inpimti nprop Imbaimadai, the name given to
iyesi. She is well-liked.
a settlement along the Upper Mazaruni River,
near the Patan branch, mostly a coastlander innka vt love, show affection Kaat uya
settlement with an airstrip and police post,
shops, etc. innka. God loves you. ininnkan the one
he loves
inse (cf: insewairen) n long hair, appropriate
usinnka (der.) 1) vi loved 2) vr love each
for girls and women insepn a girl with short hair other 3) vr love oneself
tnsewairen a girl with long hair tnsekenan a
ipa (poss: ipa) 1) n fruit r uyipa kon pra
girl with hair shorter than tnsewairen gen: pup 2
. r? What not our fruit? (What fruit will be left for us?)
spec: uma1 . 2) nom anything sweet
inser (poss: inseri) n angel
ipakwa n a variety of snake
insewairen (cf: inse) long hair, but not as long
as inse' Ipanamuru pai nprop the name given to a
intaka n a high-water short-cut or bypass stretch along Upper Mazaruni River between
Imbaimadai and Jawalla where the Hunter

family settlement is kena apo keme esip. The fire wood was
ipikwa vt pelt, hit, as with an arrow Mrpan glowing bright red.
ipikwa ise, ipokap uya. And trying to pelt it, I iri var. of eri1
shot it.
irikwa vi irritate, especially a sore or wound
ipinan var. of epinan
Irt pai nprop the name given to a place on the
ipip rp n hide of a dead animal Kukui River between Aruwe pai and Jawalla.
ipkro (cf: ) nom second-born child Ipkro pe iruwa n 1) a variety of tree 2) blowpipe,
iyesi. He is the second-born child. especially that from the iruwa tree
ipo (poss: ipo / po) (cf: apiri) n 1) feather Iruwa ken nprop the name given to a creek
mouth along the Upper Mazaruni River, above
2) hair tpokenan a hairy person 3) the quill of
Imbaimadai
the porcupine aru ipo porcupine's quill 4) fur of
irpan n scraps, mostly food Irpan p to
an animal paka ipo cow's fur
uya amrankp. They gathered together
ipo vt 1) strip Mrpan kon poir ken si some scrapings.
kapon utp mr manare ipopsena. And isa n something people use to make life better
nearby them, a person mistakenly came there to strip
isa ro kon some things people look for to make
manare. 2) peel
their lives better
ipoka vt pluck the feathers from a bird or fowl
isaka var. of itaka
syn: apirika .
isakari (cf: sikni) n (non-possessed) a variety
ipok var. of aripok of fruit, ping-pong ball-sized round fruits
iposo n a variety of monkey isakasi n 1) donkey 2) burlap material
ipr (poss: ipr) n wild flowers araya isakon (poss: isakon) n partner Itisakon
ipr the guava flower syn: ariku . esip eight years old. Her partner was eight
iprt vt decorate iw iprtk. Decorate years old. cf: watakon .
your house.
isan n a variety of plantain
usiptt (der.) vr adorned
Isano nprop the name given to a company
ira n a variety of large, black ant; munuri ant compound along the Middle Mazaruni, near
Ta'saren village
irarunpa var. of arunpa
isarak nom the odour of underarm perspiration,
irat vt twist Waya am iratk. Twist the wires.
body odour Isarak pe iyesi. He has body odour.
syn: iseme 2 .
isarakwa vt cut into two parts
Iremuko nprop a person or people from around
the Iren River isaramenu nom partially ripe Isaramenu pe
iren1 n a variety of tree, white silver-balli Octoca kapaya esi. The paw-paw is partially ripe. dev:
sp. akra 1, akp, isaramenu, isuweyu,
iren2 something bright red, like a hot coal Iren ukta .

isaramo vt bisect, cut into two equal parts isuweta vi 1) be or become brown 2) be or
Kapaya isaramok. Cut the paw-paw fruit into become ripe, even overripe Isuwetasa
two equal pieces. iyesip. It became overripe.
ise nom something wanted r ise mean? isuweyu nom something brown, reddish brown,
What do you want? ise meaine whatever you orange, red; ripe Isuweyu pe ipokri esi.
want Mrpan eposa tuyanokon atai, His belt is brown. dev: akra 1, akp,
ereutank ise to esip, it namai. And isaramenu, isuweyu, ukta ; opp: akra 1
when they found him, they were wanting him to stay,
.
and not go.
it- phon. var. of i-
iseka vt sweep Pata isekak. Sweep the place.
syn: akoroka 1 . ita pip n claw, for birds and jaguar
iseme vi 1) spin; turn around 2) twist isemesa itaka (var: isaka) vt cut, as in grass or second
a crippled person syn: irat . 3) lie down, as a bush Wana itakap uya. I cut grass. syn:
dog does Pero usemesa. The dog lied down. akt 1 .
isememut n face paint itapa (cf: ainnpa) vt 1) chase To itapapk!

Chase them! 2) hunt Usari itapap uya. I
isenan (cf: akra) nom 1) something green; the
hunted/chased after deer.
colour of leaves Isenan pe yi esi. The tree is
itaperka nom being together or in close
opp: kanp ; opp: aip . 2)
fresh and green.
proximity to one another syn: amt .
something fresh 3) raw, something not fully
cooked itayaupasa lunatic
isenuminka vt think itekeinno var. of itekiinno
isi var. of emata itekiinno (var: itekeinno) (cf: ekiinno) n a
isin nom thick, as in solid material Isin pe cake of cassava bread Tikin n tekino eki one
paranka esi. The board is thick. opp: apitmn cake of cassava bread Tikin n itekino eki ise
1 ; opp: karawa 1 . eai. I want one cake of eki.
isina postp against, as speaking to someone itese n pretense
about himself/herself but not in the second
person itesen tikitiki n the one hanging; uvula
Isineru nprop the name given to a village along itkwa (cf: itkwa) vt chip Ekwapi
the Middle Mazaruni, near Kr'pn River itkwap uya. I chipped off pieces of the fallen
mouth tree.
isiponin (der. of usipo) n the stinger of a bee itmooi n die, one of a pair of dice
or wasp
itoko var. of itok
Isiwon var. of Pisiwon
itok (var: itoko) vt boil, especially a thick
isu n stew, the soup that contains the meat making
substance like kata or kasiri or porridge Kasiri
it a more complete meal
itokp uya. I boiled the cassava drink. itoto

yai something to cook in; a pot (var etok) smra kapon pe iwa iyesi wenai. His
brother became a weak half-human. 5) nearly
etok (der.) 1) vt boil 2) vi soften
iwan (poss: iwan) n 1) hunger Iwan pe esi. I
itoto (var: itoto e) n kanaima, evil spirit syn:
am hungry. 2) famine Iwan pe pata esip.
kanaim . There was a famine in that place.
itoto e var. of itoto iwankan n 1) the season from December to
itoto pana n a variety of mushroom February; usually dry cal: iwankan 1, toron
kan, Tmon 2, wipiya 2 ; syn: kurun pan
itu vt 1) know Mr etane non uya itu pra
. 2) drought, and the subsequent famine
iyesip. But (those in the) world did not know (it).
Iwankan utamokap mr mr pata yau. A
Apne ken isitui. I will prove that it is drought fell on that place.
correct/true. 2) try 3) test; try 4) experience Mr
iwannko poor person opp: tapiyara1 .
ina nitup upinim korotau uneporop.
And we experienced it while walking around, I found iwano n belonging It- iwano his own (thing)
it. 5) tempt, test Main p enupanin iwaruwana n 1) a variety of monkey that eats
emsakap Sises itupse. A teacher of the cane cf: araikwa . 2) a variety of weasel,
law rose to test Jesus. 6) count tayra Tayra barbara
usitu (der.) 1) vr know 2) vi try iwarka n 1) monkey, the general term Pithecia
itkwa (cf: itkwa) vi axed, cut or squared leucocephala 2) a variety of biting spider similar
in colour to the monkey of the same name
off with an axe Itkwasa. It was squared off
with an axe. Iwarkarim pai nprop the name given to a
bay along the Upper Mazaruni River, above
iwa2 adv more or less, approximately 5,000 Imbaimadai
kaisa r iwa r kapon am esip mr yau.
iwt vi floating down, going down-river Pata
There were more or less than 5,000 people there.
trp ina uya Arati po nn tiwti. We
iwa1 var. of warinpa travelled to Arati, going far down-river.
-iwa 1) comparative, more or better wakiwa the iy- phon. var. of i-
better (thing) 2) superlative,most or best 3) begin
iya ( uya) he, she, it, as subject of a transitive
Mrpan kon kanwa esnkaiwap. And their
sentence
boat began to sink. 4) half of something, half the
quality mentioned Irui esip pana pe pra iyone (cf: pero) n a good hunting dog

vt spin cotton ptp uya. I was spinning - (phon. var: e-; phon. var: y-; phon. var: w-)
cotton. (cf: mr, a-; cf: m-) 1) you, second person
(poss: y) n tooth verb prefix Takuru ke wesi. You are sick. 2)
your, second person noun prefix suparaai your

machete
kr pai nprop the name given to a bay along the
apon the upper jaw Upper Mazaruni River, above Imbaimadai
epotor molar krma n a variety of tree a part of which is

used to treat kuwasu'
eka nprop the name given to a creek near Sinau
yen village krpa vt make someone laugh To krpap
uya. I made them laugh.
eporop Tp nprop the name given to the
mountain to the west of Kako village krwa n (non-possessed) toothache
in (poss: irin / inri) n a large cooking pot ku vt eat brittle foods, such as cassava bread,
in pun clay used to make pots; lit., pot's flesh nuts, etc. Eki kup uya. I ate cassava bread.
in kap nprop the name given to a mountain ki n (non-possessed) snake, the general term
near Amoko kupai
ki pase centipede (lit: snakes sister-in-law)
isir interj Let's go. isik. Come. (as a command
to one person) mn n 1) (non-possessed) thorn 2) a thorny
plant
kena nom 1) a smart person, a sharp wit 2)
something sharp mr (cf: a-, -) pron 1) you 2) your
kim (cf: mereme) n 1) (non-possessed) mrewato firstborn Iymrewato warawo
rainbow 2) a variety of snake known as camoudi pe iyentup. She gave birth to her firstborn, a
kn n (non-possessed) a variety of long, small boy.
snake-like fish n- a polite way of commanding a peer Bible

kne nom 1) someone serious or someone being ntk. Please give us the Bible.
serious in their presentation Tukan kon r n vt share kiyari ke ttonpa kon
tuna kau kne pe tesan panama p iyepiyapainomasa kon n to uya p. They
ipinimp siya r tuna kaisar. All those in were sharing food with orphans and widows.
the water were very serious as he travelled all around
the rivers. 2) someone cross or vexed 3) fierce 4)
nkiran n (non-possessed) a variety of ant with
jealous 5) proud black and brown coloring
knta vi 1) be or become jealous Kapon am nka vt 1) show someone something that one has
kntap to p. The people were jealous of Kuwata uya tmre nkap mr tnop
them. 2) be or become angry Kr r nin uya ento pe. The gorilla showed his child to his
kntasa ut mr, Camel. The camel went, wife for her to see. 2) lengthen Waka pun
being angry with him. 3) argue Five kaisaron kon nkasa uya. I lengthened the metal object. 3)
kapon am eto oton tkorotaunokon delay, put off one's plan nkamasan a visitor
kntan p. There will be five people among you all for a long time 4) stretch, extend yemiya nka!
who will argue. Stretch out your arm!
knnpa vt 1) arouse temper in someone by usnka (der.) vi stretched

one's talk 2) make someone growl 3) make nn nom far place nn pe pata esi. The place is
someone grumble
far.

nt nom soft, referring to the quality of grass rka vi be or become destroyed Ayapuruui
with dew on it; the condition which makes it rkanin pra r. There is nothing to destroy your
easy to cut; soft, as with the skin of ripe fruit things.
nt pe wana esi. The grass/weeds are soft.
rk n 1) (non-possessed) caterpillar, a general
opp: saman 2 .
term 2) worm, the general term
ntnk vt soften, make soft, usually by senau (der. of enau) 1) adv together, with each
making it wet Iyntnk. Soften it. other Asaron kon kapon am esi senau
n pron who n pata iyesi? Whose land is enn n p iyeto pe. Two people will be
this? sleeping together/with each other. 2) n twins syn:
simunui 1.
piyke nom 1) someone shy opp: piymn 2
. 2) someone shamed sene (var: sne) nom serious, with
piymn nom 1) a shameless person far-reaching consequences Sises uya tap
piymn pe iyesi. He is shameless. 2) sene pe makoi akwar p. Jesus spoke
someone brave opp: piyke 1 . strongly to the evil spirit.
pikw pai nprop the name given to a bay seyaton n conflict seaton pe to eptp,
along the Upper Mazaruni River, above piyaisan pe r, to eptp. They had many
Imbaimadai conflicts and they were doing piyaichang.
prinka vr lie in a prone position si- each other Mrpan ina ewnp sipona.
Then we knocked each other's heads (while bending
p (poss: yp) n bone moro p am
down to pick up something). sikaisa r together
many fish bones cf: wsp 1 .
Asaron kon ya kamoro, sipiyawon kon
prema (var: wprema; var: eprema) vi nkw r, aiko ton nkw. They are two
pray w- prema -p. You prayed. plants, together with others, little ones. sipiyatau
side-by-side
ri nom 1) someone or something dirty ri pe
mre esi. The baby is dirty. opp: wak 5 . 2) simunui (var: esimunui) n 1)
someone or something bad ri pe pser (non-possessed) twins syn: senau 2 ; cf: ratoi
warawo. This boy behaves badly. opp: wak 1 . 1 . 2) bananas that grow together under the same
3) someone or something evil 4) someone or peel
something dark 5) something or someone unholy sip vi come sik! Come! Msipi. You must
ri akwar an evil/unholy spirit
come. cf: uyep 1 .
r pron what r kup auya? What are you
s nom 1) someone or something bad or
doing?
dangerous s pe tapiukwa esi. The wasp is
ri n a variety of tree where wantoto does appear
dangerous. s yau meai tutaretsan,
rmok vi tired from exertion, weak To akr apne pra iwan pe weto oton. Woe to you
ekatum ise ina rmokp mr. We well-fed people, because you will become hungry. 2)
wanted to run with them, (but) we got tired (from fierce 3) violent
trying). s ye (id.) serious one

s ye (id. of s) someone serious barked.
ur1 vt welcome Epuru wann uyep, urt

skw interj an exclamation of surprise or
accident kon, urt kon. A leader is coming, welcome him,
welcome him.
smn nom someone or something weak opp:
ut (poss: iw) n 1) house 2) cookhouse
merunt 1 ; syn: atumn .
w- phon. var. of -
smra n weakness Papa uya smra
tesen pata enu yau anmp mr, God 's w vi betroth, choose a spouse wk. Take
weakness . . .. someone to be your spouse.
sne var. of sene y- phon. var. of -
t vt sharpen, give teeth Usuparaai tk. yeru poss. of eru

Sharpen my cutlass. ymai n disease of the teeth and gums that
ur2 vi bark, as a dog does Pero urp. The dog causes bleeding
Kk
k- phon. var. of ks- kaikamaim n a variety of snake
ka3 var. of ka Kaikamap (var: Kaikan Amotop)
ka2 n 1) (non-possessed) sky 2) the heavens, nprop the name given to a place along the Kukui
River, between I'moi ken and Jawalla, where the
Heaven Hunter and Egbert farms are
ka (var: ka3) vt say kaikamasa n dung beetle
ka1 postp in Tuna ka to usenasikap. They kaikan (cf: muraim) n (non-possessed) a
dove in the water. sclr prop: ka1, kau, kapai . variety of medium-sized armadillo Tatusia peba
-ka var. of -kap Kaikan nprop 1) the name given to a village far
up the Kamran River, very close to the
-ka put on (whatever noun is attached to it)
Venezuela border, mostly Arekuna people 2) the
nonka leave something back;; lit., leave on the name given to a village area near Paruima, often
ground Inonkap to uya. They left him confused with the separate village much further
away
back/alone.
Kaikan Amotop var. of Kaikamap
kaaima vt fight, wrestle Wrenton kaaimap
Winston uya. Winston wrestled Wrenton. kaikara1 n guitar Tikin nan uya kaikara
ekaaima (der.) vr fight turunpa. One person is playing the guitar.
kaikara2 n a variety of tree, a lot like bamboo

kaami 1) the left hand opp: enwone 1 . 2) the
left direction kaikawasa (poss: akaikawasaai) n 1)
Kaat nprop God syn: Papa 1 . rhinoceros beetle 2) a variety of large, black
beetle

am squeezing lemons.
kaikusi n 1) (non-possessed) ocelot 2) tiger; any
other wild feline species kako (poss: akakooi) n flint stone syn: wato .
kaima vt clean prorooi kanan kaima auya Kako nprop the name given to a river tributary of
ekayu pe, wana pra. You also clean your yard the Upper Mazaruni River, also the name of the
clear of grass. village at the mouth of same
kainaku n 1) a childhood sickness kainaku Kakoken pai nprop the name given to a part
of the Kako District, between Wari'kwaima and
kwin hot compress to treat kainagu 2) the fungus
Aro' Awon
associated with the childhood sickness
Kakorko nprop the name given to Akawayo
kaipara n (non-possessed) a variety of
Amerindians living along the Kako river
red-headed woodpecker
kaki 1) n upstairs Ina enukup kaki ut
Kaipara nprop the name given to a mountain
peak in front of Kayama mountain range, near ta. We went into the upstairs of the house. 2) adv
Jawalla village. in an upward direction Tenu trp iya
Kaipara pai nprop the name given to a bay kaki. He looked up.
along the Upper Mazaruni River, above kakran (poss: akakramu) n 1) visitor
Imbaimadai
Kakran am uyep. Strangers are coming. 2)
Kaiparupai nprop the place with the same stranger
name (where is it?)
kakranpa vt visit Utonpaton
kairan n 1) a variety of locust 2) a variety of fish
kakranpap uya. I visited my family.
kairau1 n a variety of fish
kama vt put, place To ptap kamap iya
kairau2 n a variety of locust Aularches militaris eripoi ya. He put their footprints into the pot.
kairewaim n a variety of large locust ekama (der.) 1) vr prepare 2) vi plan 3) vi box
4) vi ready
kaisa postp every wi kaisa r every day
kamain n (non-possessed) a variety of plant
kaisarako (var: ausarako) n a variety of fruit
similar to bamboo
with a hard, yellow skin with bumps
kamakusa n a type of traditional medicine
kaiwan n the fat of an animal maipuri kaiwan
bush cow's fat Kamakusa nprop the name given to a
kaiwara (poss: akaiwaraki) n pineapple settlement along the Middle Mazaruni, near
Orana pai
Ananas comosus
kaman nom someone or something bad, evil,
kaiwat vt nail nwnp kon tkaiwatse
dirty, etc.; a word from the Alleluia tradition
yi pona. the one whom you all killed by nailing
him to a tree.
kamariya n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of
small sky swallow Deroptyus accipitrinus 2) a
kaka var. of aka2 pattern or design representing the swallow bird,
used in paintings or designs on pots, etc.
kak n a race game Akawaio used to play, running
through the jungle kamarka n charcoal
kakr vt squeeze Remuna am kakr uya. I kamata n (non-possessed) a variety of small

toucan mouth of the Kamran River 2) the name given

to a river that empties into the Upper Mazaruni
kamatu (cf: apo) n light, bright tkamatu River
kon paru light oil maru kamatu a fungus
Kamraniko nprop the name given to
making a bright light in the bush
Akawayo Amerindians living along the Kamran
kami (poss: akamisii) n left-hand side Kami River
win iyesip. He was on the left-hand side. opp: Kamranim nprop the name given to a creek
enwone 1 . above Imbaimadai
kami (poss: akamiri) (cf: nipi) n a rope used in kan postp for, designating purpose r kan? What
tying down a thatched roof, taken from a vine is it for?
gen: nipi 2 . kanaai var. of anaika
kamiri n (non-possessed) lightning kanaim n (non-possessed) kanaima; an evil
kamisa (poss: akamisaai) (cf: kareku) n spirit; syn: itoto .
loin cloth, a long, narrow strip of red cloth worn kanaimt vt ambush Urisan kanaimtp
long ago by men around the waist and hanging
iya. He ambushed the girl.
down in front syn: waiku, saro2, kareku .
kamo pron 1) they (farther) 2) them (farther) 3) kanaiporo n a variety of ant syn: kanami 2 .
those (farther) kanami (poss: akanamii) n 1) grass louse 2) a
kamo n bowl made from calabash variety of ant that doesn't bite, but will crawl on
you in the bush syn: kanaiporo .
kamoro pron 1) they (nearer) 2) them (nearer) 3)
those (nearer) kanan adv 1) again Ekamakak kanan. Say it
again. 2) also
kamoroni (var: krmomi) n a variety of
edible fish kanana (poss: akananaai) n ground meat or
fish
kamota (cf: otori) vt 1) shoot an animal for
kanarau n a variety of bird, grey and white in
meat Eporima sane si ukamotasa p. I was
colour with a swallow's tail
happy having shot something. 2) get
Makamotayan pe? Did you get anything? kanari (poss: akanarii) n a general term for
Ukwamota pn. I didn't get anything. all sweet cassava varieties Manihot palmata
kanasakawa var. of sasa
kamowa n a variety of vine that grows on the
savannah kanau (poss: akanwa) (cf: akoto) n 1) dugout
kamut vi 1) not able to hunt well Kamutpan canoe 2) general term for any boat
iyesi. He is not a good hunter or fisherman. 2) not kanau ye var. of m

able to fish well Kanawa pai nprop the name given to a small
kamraiwa1 n a variety of bird creek famous for fish; bottom-side of Jawalla on
the Upper Mazaruni River
kamraiwa2 n a variety of greens, similar to
auro'sa
kanawaka vt take something out of a boat Eki
kanwakap to uya. They took egi cakes out of
Kamran nprop 1) Kamarang, the name given to
the canoe.
a village along the Upper Mazaruni River at the

ekanwaka (der.) vr disembark kank n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of fly 2) a

variety of fruitfly Drosophilidae
kanawat vt put into a boat Eki kanwatt!
You all put egi cakes into the boat!
kankpan n a variety of bee-like bug, small,
black with blue stripes
ekanwat (der.) vr get into a boat
kanpai n (non-possessed) a variety of fern
kane adv no, the negative answer to a yes/no found in sandy areas
question Kane ukai. I said no. kanpaisikoroi var. of kanpasikororo
kanetai (cf: trpn1) n earthquake kanpara n a variety of bee with a loud, high
kani 1) n the woof, or width-wise strands of buzz; likes to block up holes with its
weave in a hammock 2) something that supports nests/eggs/etc.
or holds up something else ikanipn tuna Kanparu nprop Kambaru, the name given to a
water that doesn't support anything; a mythical sea settlement upriver from Imbaimatai, along the
where everything sinks Mazaruni River, on the right side going upriver
kanit vt weave; as in making a hammock kanpasikororo (var: kanpaisikoroi) n a
Iyekwe kanitpt uya. I am weaving his variety of house wren Troglodytes aedon
hammock. kanpiyupiyu n (non-possessed) a variety of
kan nom 1) delicious food 2) something sweet large firefly, candlefly
3) someone healthy Ikan pe pra iyesi. He's kanpota n a variety of ant
not feeling well.
kanp (poss: akanp) n (non-possessed)
kanma2 vt season food Tuma kanmap smoked meat; smoked fish opp: ikurinsa 2 ;
uya. I seasoned the pepperpot. opp: isenan 1 .
kanma1 (var: ikanpa) vt scratch Uyapoi kanpt vt roast meat over a fire to dry it
kanmak. Scratch my back.
kansi n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of fly 2) a
kanka vt 1) pluck To enu kankaptp variety of weed or grass that produces seeds
waiken uya. The reindeer plucked out their eyes. that stick to skin or clothes
2) take off, take away from To uya ipon kansu (poss: akansukuui) n traditional tattoo
kankap. They took his clothes. 3) take made on the face or forearms, to signify the
forcefully wearer makes a specific kind of cassava drink
syn: maki 3 .
kankara n 1) a variety of fly 2) a variety of bee
kansupai n a variety of small bee that eats fish
Kankarum 1) nprop the name given to a village from a fisherman
on the Middle Mazaruni, near Apato'ka
settlement 2) n a variety of small, black ant that kan nom well Ikan pe esi. I am well.
bites Camponotus sp.
kanwaai n 1) a variety of tree with shallow
Kankarum pai nprop the name given to a roots 2) a variety of fruit tree
farming settlement along the NE coast of the
Upper Mazaruni River on the Urapa pai stretch.
kapai postp from in Iyennapop Isotan tuna
kapai. He returned from in the Jordan water/river.
kankasa n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of wall
lizard 2) gecko sclr prop: ka1, kau, kapai .

backpack. 3) build, as in a wasp building his nest

kapaisan n 1) (non-possessed) a wide-leafed
palm thatching material used as the top layer in Ten kap iya. He is building his own nest.
a roof 2) palm 3) a temporary camp -kap (var: -ka) to do something as is one's
kapawi n a variety of nut, also with some edible daily or regular habit Ina utkap. We are going,
fruit on it as is our habit Tok uyekan p man. They are
kapaya (poss: akapayaai) n papaya, the fruit coming again, as is their habit.
or the plant Carcia papaya kapi (poss: akapuui) n 1) moon 2) month
kapi n a light-coloured blotch on the skin Kapi
kapi enkumap n (non-possessed) a variety
am enasa. He got many blotches. of vine, also called bush rope, monkey ladder
kapiri (cf: t, mup) n (non-possessed) stone, vine, etc. Bauhinia sp.
rock, a stone one can break up kapimntk n mole
kapirita n goat kapiya n a variety of pattern used in weaving
kapiyakwa n (non-possessed) a variety of kaprakon n (non-possessed) horizon
edible mushroom
kapret vt steam-dry, as in holding one's
kapiyawai nom having a dizzy feeling
clothes over a fire Apo uya upon
Kapiyawai pe itp. He went having a dizzy
kaprettansa. The fire steam-dried my
feeling.
clothes.
kapk n wart
kara2 1) vt rip, tear Mrpan kon uya Paul pon
kapon n 1) (non-possessed) human, person, male karaptp. And then they tore Paul's clothes. 2)
or female 2) an Amerindian person 3) an nom sour; strong, as in the flavour of kaziri after
Akawayo person 4) the Akawayo tribe a longer period of waiting Kara pe kasiri esi.
kapon mapari n a variety of waiti fruit, poro The kaziri is strong.
kaponoko n person, especially as addressed kara1 (poss: akara) n 1) vein 2) muscle 3) a tree
by a giant or other mythical character "r pe root yi kara tree root syn: mi .
nai, kaponoko?" tap piyaima uya. "How kara n a variety of small fish
are you, person?" said the giant.
Kara urin nprop the name given to a creek off
kapoti n yarn the Upper Mazaruni River, up-river from
kapu n heap, pile ws kapu a heap of sand Inbaimadai, leading to Maipuri Falls, Tramen
karai vi give a warning, like the karai
kapuru n 1) (non-possessed) mist, fog 2) cloud
grasshopper
kapuruko n (non-possessed) a variety of karai n a variety of grasshopper
biting ant
karaikarai n (non-possessed) a variety of parrot
kapuya n a variety of thick bush rope
karaiman n a variety of biting bee; ole
kap vt 1) plait, braid Eta kapp uya. I plaited
leaves (for building a house).Ipai kapp uya. I karaip n cracked skin, particularly on the heels
plaited her hair. 2) weave, as in a basket or karaita n bake made from corn meal
waricha Warisa kap uya. I am weaving a

Karaiwa nprop the name given to people from excelsum karapip a variety of tree from which
Brazil, those people who speak Portuguese people can strip the inside bark to make shoulder and
head straps for their warishis. 2) rope made from
karaka vt tear, rip the skin of same
ekaraka (der.) vr ripped karapip var. of karapip
karakara n a variety of white mushroom karapisa n (non-possessed) a variety of large,

green grasshopper Meoconocephalus maxillosus
karakwa vt break off Mrpan yau yi
karapiyap1 n a variety of tree, annato, the fruit
karakwasa ke ipai takikap iya. And then
of which produces a red paint which the
he mashed his head with a broken off stick.
Akawayo used to use on their bodies Bixa
karakwa (poss: akarakwaai) 1) n bile; a orellana syn: anont, sapa1 1 .
yellow substance from the stomach 2) nom pale
karapiyap2 var. of karapip
Karakwa pe iyenasa. He became pale.
karara n a type of intestinal disease; diarrhea
karakwapan nom something yellow, the
colour of bile with cramps; could be cholera Karara esi. I
have cholera
karana n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of palm
tree common to the savannah areas, the leaves kararap n (non-possessed) a variety of vine that
of which are used as a roofing material 2) thatch puts out white, fragrant flowers
karanai n the long, length-wise strands of weave karauta something toasted, as a piece of cassava
in a hammock bread over an open fire eki karautasa toasted
karanakai n a variety of frog egi
karautank vt toast, blacken the surface of

karankaran n a variety of bedbug Cimex
lectularia food on a griddle Eki karautank. Toast the
cassava bread.
karanpa vt make someone cry To karanpap
karawa nom 1) something or someone thin or
iya. He made them cry.
skinny Karawa pan iyesi. He is thin. opp: isin
karanpisaku n a variety of potato
. 2) lean, without much fat opp: kasi 3 .
karapa (poss: akarapaai) n 1) oil, usually karawarim n dry malnutrition, or Marasmus,
referring to oil for hair 2) crab oil tree; known
when one doesn't get enough of every kind of
for its oil used on hair and skin Carapa
food; usually associated with tareng or cursing
guianensis karapa ye the crab oil tree 3) crab
oil karawata vi become fine, thin Ikarawatasa
man. He got fine.
karapa ine n a variety of medicine made from
crab oil to treat kuwasu' karaweru n (non-possessed) a variety of
karapaima vt oil, put on hair oil To mre flowering bush
karapaimap iya. He put oil on the baby. Karawko nprop a group of people living in a
place called Karaw'ta
ekarapaima (der.) 1) vr oil 2) vi oily
Karawta nprop the name given to a mountain
karapip (var: karapiyap2; var: karapip) southwest of Jawalla village
n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tree Sterculia

kareku (poss: akarekuui) (cf: kamisa) n fish of the same name
cloth, material syn: kamisa, waiku, saro2 . Karoi Paru nprop the name given to a creek
along the Upper Mazaruni river, just above
kareta (poss: akaretaai) n 1) news 2) mail 3) Waruwa'ta on the left
book 4) paper 5) words
karota vr sweat, especially at night, especially
Kareta nprop the name given to a prophet in the children Ikarotasa. He was sweating at night.
Alleluia church; teacher of Tarikiran
karu n a variety of bush, the fruit of which can
kari vt spread
be squeezed and used to make surface tattoo
kari n (non-possessed) squirrel Sciurus marks; also used as a bina to relieve pain
carolinensis karu n a variety of tree with fruit that gives a
karima vt 1) unfold Porin karimap uya. I sticky substance for use in a bird trap
unfolded the taurpolin. 2) open,
specifically a farm karukuri n brass
that a person cuts bigger and bigger over time
Tmainar karimaptp iya. He kept karutu (poss: akarutuui) n birthmark syn:
opening his own farm. maki 2 .
karimeru n (non-possessed) sheep Karutupiya pai nprop the name given to a bay
karimura n a variety of electric eel, more in the Upper Mazaruni River, top-side from
Jawalla village.
common along the Lower Mazaruni River
Electrophorus electricus karuwami n (non-possessed) a variety of small
Karina nprop 1) (non-possessed) the Carib tribe frog
2) a person of Carib heritage karuwasa n a variety of orchid with striped
Karinata nprop the name given to a place leaves
along the Lower Mazaruni River kasa postp like, as inser uya ekamap kasa
Karinta nprop the name given to the Hunter as the angel said ser nane kasa exactly like that
settlement, nine miles from Ipana'muru pai Mr kasa si iyeto pe. Let it be like that. syn:
karipon (cf: sina) n (non-possessed) a variety warai .
of tree from which the outer skin is stripped to kasakra (poss: akasakraai) n 1) a variety
make shoulder and head straps for warishis,
of gourd, calabash 2) a variety of gourd plant 3)
grows purple flowers
the same, dried and carved to be used as a
Karipunu pai nprop the name given to a bay utensil; a spoon, cup or bowl
along the Upper Mazaruni River, above kasanawon n mediator
Imbaimadai
kasi 1) something false 2) n lie Kasi e iyesi. He
karisimura n moss
is a liar.
kariyakw n (non-possessed) a variety of
kasi (poss: akasik) 1) n fat moro am kasi
small, grey deer Mazama nemorivaga
fish oil 2) n
oil 3) nom someone or something
kariyese n a variety of stinging ant thick or fat Ikasi pe iyesi. He is fat. opp:
karoi1 n a variety of fish Eigennannia virescens karawa 2 .
karoi2 n a variety of hot pepper, shaped like the kasima1 (poss: akasimaai) n a variety of fruit,

star apple; artichoke-looking, soursop-tasting skyward direction Autanm pe pe nai

fruit
kataki? Kane! Will you be gathered up (to the
kasima2 vt disbelieve, to believe something is a sky)? No! 2) inland, away from the water, usually
lie up-hill
kasiri (poss: akasirii) n cassava drink katapan1 sour taste, as in the flavour of cassava
drink after it has been left to sit for a few days,
kasiri wri (poss: wri) (cf: sokoisokoi,
becoming more alcoholic in content Katapan
wriwri) n a stick or paddle-like instrument
kata esi. The soup has a sour flavour. opp:
used to stir cassava drink
aseku .
kasirip n a variety of casreep, mostly in use
today, sweeter than the more sour kumasi katapan2 n a variety of banana
kasiye n (non-possessed) liar mr kasiye pe. kataporo postp near the edge
You (are) as a liar.
katarara n (non-possessed) a variety of locust
kasiyo (poss: akasiyoki) n a variety of
small gourd
katata someone cheeky, precocious Katata pe
iyesi. She is cheeky.
kasuka vt squeeze, usually a kind of fruit, to
make juice Sikaru kasukap uya. I crushed katawai n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of
sugar cane. rough vine from which one can collect water to
drink; possibly ka'tawa ye' 2) a variety of weed
kasuru (poss: akasuruui) n traditional trading that scratches and burns the skin
beads, used in weaving aprons
katin n thread, used in sewing
kata1 (poss: akatari / akatarii) n 1) a variety
of soup made from the juice taken from the
kat conj or Wak kup mr pe pra ri kup
squeezed, grated cassava, boiled down to kat? Kapon pikat, matank kat? Do
eliminate the poisonous qualities 2) cassava good or do evil? Save people or destroy (them)?
water
katim n wet malnutrition, or Kwashiorkor, due
kata n 1) (non-possessed) width Two feet wide to not enough protein in one's diet; usually
eke pe sane ikata. Its width was two feet wide. associated with taren or a curse
2) edge, as in the river's edge tuna kata the Katim nprop the name given to a deserted
river's edge 3) corner settlement near present-day Jawalla
kata2 n (non-possessed) a variety of poisonous kau postp into Tuna kau to usenasikap.
caterpillar, hairy and green in colour They jumped into the water. sclr prop: ka1, kau,
kata vt push a wheelbarrow or drive one kapai .
Wheelbarrow kataptp uya. I was pushing
kauyama (poss: akauyamaai) n pumpkin
a wheelbarrow.
Cucurbita maxima
Kata urin nprop the name given to a creek along
kawa n (non-possessed) a variety of green parrot
the Upper Mazaruni River, above Imbaimadai
kawai (poss: akawaai) n tobacco, the leaves
kataipa n bush cow syn: kuyunkuyun,
and the product, of which the local product is
maipuri, waira . used most often in ceremonies to discover the
kataki (cf: kawinki) adv 1) up, in a cause of someone's illness

. . ..
Kawai paru nprop the name given to a creek off
of Kara Urin creek, Upper Mazaruni River kenan (der. of ke1) postp 1) with a person
kawait vt smoke tobacco Kapon esip tnop kenan. There was an
Amerindian with his wife. 2)
possessed of, having
kawanaru n (non-possessed) a variety of bird, Moro iyesip kiyawo tapiri kenan. There
cock of the rock bird Rupicola rupicola was a kushi ant possessed of his own wings. 3)
kaware n horse characterised by
ken adv by chance, unplanned, mistakenly
kawata vt reduce in size; make smaller
Mrpan kon poi r ken si kapon utp
Ikawatasa. She is reduced.
mr manare ipopsena. And nearby them, a
kawi n a variety of tree, the leaf of which is used
person by chance went to strip manare. Aqaba poi
in thatching
ken iyesa esip. He happened to come from
kawin adv backdam Kawin to esip. They Aqaba.
were backdam.
kewei n the instrument made from pakira i'ta
kawinki (cf: kataki) adv 1) in the pi'p, or bush hog toe nails tied to strings and
direction of topside Kawinki to utp. hung from a stick and shaken to make noise
They went topside. 2) upriver, in the direction of a ki var. of kip vt soak,make wet Eki kip uya.
higher elevation following the river 3) inland
I soaked the cassava.
from the river, in the direction of a higher
elevation going away from the river kima vt knead
kayakaya n a variety of parrot kin n king, ruler
Kayama nprop the name given to a mountain kin nom something sticky
range visible southwest of Jawalla village
kinotori n a variety of bird that rotates around
kayarap n 1) the fruit of the kaya'ra'p tree, its perch as it makes a warbling call; the bow
used to make face paint 2) a plant from which bird
fruit is taken to make face paint
Kipisi nprop the name given to a place below
kayaukayau n (non-possessed) a variety of Kamarang, on the Upper Mazaruni River
large, black bird
kip (var: ki) vt soak, to make wet Tuna ka
kayono n 1) (non-possessed) the morning star
eki mun kik! Soak the eki tubers in water.
(the north star?) 2) any bright star
Irasaras ennok temiyat tkise uyesen
ke2 interj sound made when experiencing extreme
amankai iyeto pe. Send Lazarus to get his
pain
hand wet so he can wet my throat.
ke1 postp with toron kan (season) with birds
kiraraukwa vt make stuck
Ekupi sepo ke. I am bathing with soap.
kiri (poss: kirii) n buttocks, the bottom
kenan (der.) postp 1) with 2) possessed of 3)
characterised by kirika vi a pain in one's cheek that signals future
ken1 n (non-possessed) river mouth Kukui ken fever Epeta kirikai. My cheek hurts (and so I
will get a fever).
the mouth of the Kukui River
ken2 n way, manner r pe ken si . . .. In what way kirikiri n a variety of small parrot, found in the

lower Mazaruni regions kiyawi n a variety of water bird

kirinto var. of kirintu
kiyaw (var: kuyawi; var: kuyaw; poss:
kirintu (var: kirinto) n a variety of flying ant, kuyawkuui) n acushi ants Atta cephalote
coming out in rainy times
dev: kokon, kiyaw .
kiriripan n a variety of rope
kiyoka vt dent
kirisa n insect
ekiyoka (der.) vi dent
kirisara n cricket
k (cf: ktun) n the smell of a thing, its odour ri
kirisoro (cf: korori) n (non-possessed) a pe r ik. It's smell is bad. opp: aponan 1 .
variety of termite
ukta (der.) vi stink
kisi n (non-possessed) a wink
-k command suffix for a single hearer (reduced to
kisika vt 1) wink; to consciously move one eye
apostrophe in fast speech) Se anai ak. Carry
closed and open again 2) give one's hair a
permanent this corn. Emsakak. Stand up. Emsaka.
Stand up.
kisikisi var. of sisi
kisi n (non-possessed) a variety of large
kisikisima vt twist or roll something
swallow
Ikisikisima! Twist it! / Roll it!
Kitw nprop the indigenous name given to
kisikisipan nom something twisted opp: Kaiteur Falls
saraipan 1 . ki (poss: kisi) (cf: ) n 1) an old man 2) old
kisipan nom something curly, usually referring age kisi ya in your old age 3) of an age;
to hair having a particular age Esuwer am eseru
kisisikwa vt 1) mash, usually between one's yau ukisi kaisaron kon entai r utsa
thumb and forefinger Bug kisisikwap uya. I esip utamokori ton eseru kuru awr en
mashed a bug (between my thumb and forefinger). 2) p In the Jewish way, I was going beyond many of
mash grated cassava with one's hands to make those my same age following my ancestors' ways.
cassava bread or paiwari
kka vt pull Tikn kkap iya ewa ke. He
kita sticky Kitapan honey esi. Honey is sticky.
pulled his pet with a rope.
kitaka vt mash together Mrpan rkw kma vt call for, summon Mrpan uya nin si
kitakap iya ipun pe. And so, he mashed it ttaanp kmakaap. And next, she kept on
together to be as a piece of meat.
calling for her husband.
kitata n (non-possessed) a variety of small, green kmutu n a variety of black bee
grasshopper Chlorophylla amplifolia
kmrse n a variety of orange-coloured
kiti n container used to store small quantities of
mushroom Clavulinopsis spiralis
gold; a kitty
kntu n (non-possessed) the nest of a ground-
kiyapo var. of kuyapo
dwelling ant
kiyari (poss: ikiyari; poss: yekiyari) n food knm vr smell, sniff the air

knnpa (der.) vt smell krmomi var. of kamoroni
knnpa cf: ktunpa. (der. of knm) vt krnk vt burn to ash, burn up Apo keme
smell O knnpap uya. I smelled the meat. krnk. Burn the firewood to ash.
kpa vt pollute krpai adv from now on Kenarinmi, ser si

krpai kapon am nenin pe wesi upiya.
kpa vt make dirty Tpon kpap iya. She
Don't be afraid, from now on, you will catch men for
made her dress dirty.
me.
ekpa (der.) vi dirty
krpi1 n scabies cf: kr .
kpnm vi scream "Y!!" ikpnmp. krpi2 var. of kr
"Yikes!!" he screamed. syn: yaipita .
krruk var. of ktruk n a variety of bird
kpnnpa (der.) vt scream with a metal-sounding call
kpnnpa (der. of kpnm) vt make or krsin n smoke apo krsin fire's smoke
cause to scream Ikpnnpap iya. He made krtk n (non-possessed) chicken
him scream.
krt vi 1) burned, as in food that cooks too long
kpo n 1) an open place amaai nane ser pe
ikrt namai nr kanan. It is also
usenpoikato oton kpo pona. secret things
burned/stuck to the pan. 2) sticking to the pot that
here will be revealed in the open. 2) the outside
it is boiling in
surface of an object Wak pe tekusan kpo
kt vt cut bush while walking Usar wana
po kapon am uya rken tento kon pe.
(They) make the outside clean, the only part people
kti. I was cutting grass while walking.
see. ktkt nom staggering Ktkt pe ipinim. He
kr (var: krpi2) (cf: krpi1) n a type of walks with a stagger.
skin disease; chicken pox, measles ktkwa (poss: ktkwar / ktkwari)
krinm vi smoke Ikrinm aimne, n 1) cotton; cotton tree Gossypium barbadense;
Gossypium hirsutum 2) yarn made from cotton
ikrn pe, isukupiyu pe. It smoked, white,
black and brown smoke. ktruk (var: kturk; var: krruk) n a
krinnpa (der.) vt 1) smoke 2) burn variety of bird, white chest and black back, flies
in flocks; cotton bird
incense
kttima vt 1) grind 2) gnash one's teeth Mr
krinnpa (der. of krinm) vt 1) make
smoke, burn something so that it gives off atai, to uya ty kon kttimap ipan pe
smoke 2) burn incense Mrpan esotokasa to esakoropap ip. At that time, they gnashed
their teeth in their anger at them.
esip aponan krinnpato apon
enwonet win. And he was standing on the right ekttima (der.) (var tttikwa) vr
side of the incense burning table. grinding
krkr2 var. of krkr kttka var. of kttka
krkr1 something rough opp: ekayu 2 ; cf: ktun (poss: ktun) (cf: k; cf: kwnm) n
krkr . scent To ktun etap iya. He smelled their

scent. (der.: ktunpa) komamiyau adv yesterday Komamiyau to

ktunpa (cf: knnpa) vt smell O kanp utp sosi ta. Yesterday, they went to church.
ktunpap uya. I smelled dried meat. cal: mku komamiyau, komamiyau,
ser, awanapair, awanapair emap .
kturk var. of ktruk
kukuma var. of kukuma komank vt owe Asaron kon kapon am
uya pratatnin ye uyakomanpt
kw (poss: kwki) n 1) a variety of fruit
esip temai pra. There were two men who
grown on a vine similar to the sumutu vine 2) a
owed a moneylender and couldn't pay him back.
toy top made from same 3) a variety of fruit
from the si'na' tree komi nom coldness Ikomi pe tuna esi. The
kwnka vt bend Wire kwnkap uya. I bent water is cold. opp: ane ; sclr prop: ane,
the wire. inkenan, komi .
kwu nom something curved Kwu pe paranka kon (var: non3) (cf: ton) quant plural Mrpan
esi. The board is curved. kon uya tmunk kon nmp asaron kon
kyi n a variety of parrot rkw esip. And they left behind their children,
ko2 (poss: koki) n cup who were two little ones. tanporon kon everybody
Mrpan kon emiyat pip ya urari
ko1 n people, tribe, the people indigenous to a
ikwptp iya. And then he broke poison
partiicular area Kukui ko the people who live into/under their fingernails.
along the Kukui River and at its mouth
koneka vt 1) prepare 2) settle To konekap
ko postp from Amuruta moro ko (fine) fish from
uya. I helped them settle (the matter). 3) order 4)
the river's head Itkaap kasa ne ko. It seems
fix 5) save, rescue Sises uya tnkonekasan
he already left. Tuna uyep kasa ne usetan
tonpatp. Those Jesus saved were added. syn:
p ko. It sounds like it's raining.
pikat 3, moka 3 .
Koko pai nprop the name given to a landing ekoneka (der.) vr prepared
along the Kukui River between Jawalla and
Pipiri pai where a coastlander used to mine koneo n a general term for rabbit
kokoi (cf: amai, aai, nono, wawa) n koniya n a variety of small, flat, silver fish
grandmother; direct address syn: amai 1 ; indir Leporinus sp.
add: no . Kono paru nprop the name given to a creek
kokon (var: kororo) n (non-possessed) the along the path between Pipiri pai and Amoko
variety of acushi ant (kuyaw') that flies during a kupai
certain time of year; caught and eaten by the konoi (poss: konsi) n fish hook konoi epu
Akawayo dev: kokon, kiyaw . fishing rod
kokonota (poss: kokonotaai) n 1) the konoi epu fishing rod cf: epu 2 .
coconut tree 2) the nut of the coconut tree
konoi ewa fishing line
koma nom something or someone late Koma
konopiya n a variety of plant with large, red
pe iyesi. He is late (in coming).
berries and banana-leaf-like leaves

kopaikopai n a variety of frog kororou nom something fragile, easily broken

kopapa n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of korota postp to, in the direction of Eke
grasshopper known for its swimming ability 2) a pukena usenpoikasa man
variety of cricket that makes tracks in the wet
sand ukorotanokon! A big prophet has been made
known to us!
kopari1 n (non-possessed) a variety of tick
Ixodes ricinus
korotapai postp from among mr kuru r si
krr wak r urisan tukan kon
kopari3 n a variety of tree with a red colour
under the skin, good for building material korotapai annsa. You are truly a blessed
woman to be chosen from among many.
kopari2 n a variety of creeping vine Peperomia
spp.
korotau postp 1) while, as, at the same time
Mrpan korotau, itp mr. While this (was
kopawa n a variety of bird, similar in habit to
happening), he went there. 2) before, in front of
the kinotori, only smaller
Mr atai, makoi akwar uya warawo
kopere n a variety of tree, cedar tree Cedrela enomap tukan kon korotau. At that time,
odoratte the evil spirit threw him down, in front of plenty
kopik n a variety of flying ant, bigger than people. 3) among
sirim; same size as kwa'kwa' kor n gold

kopirin nom something chalky in taste, tawny korka vt 1) wash, as in clothes Parapi ton
korewa (poss: korewaai) n 1) scoop made korkapt uya. I am washing the dishes.
from calabash 2) spoon Uyem korka uya. I am washing my (own)
koroima vi be or become moody face. syn: kumisi 1 . 2) cleaning, as in wounds
koroimakpan a moody person 3) baptise, as in the Alleluia tradition
koroitoka vt sip uku koroitokak. Sip your Korka Paru nprop 1) Cleaning Creek; the
drink.
name give to a creek 2) Cleaning Creek; the
name given to a village along the creek of same
korokoro n (non-possessed) a variety of bird name
that eats worms, similar to the pereik, but living korkopiso n a variety of mushroom
in the trees; parikari bird
Marasmieluus purpureus
koropakai n a variety of long, yellow hot
korme n (non-possessed) thunder Korme
pepper
etoiptp. Thunder exploded.
koropisa n (non-possessed) a variety of bird
with a short, whistle-like call Korme nprop 1) the name given to the first set
of rapids on the way to Maipuri Falls, Upper
korori (cf: kirisoro) n (non-possessed) Mazaruni River (perhaps because of the noise
cockroach, the general term; they make?) 2) the name given to a creek
kororo n 1) a variety of big, black ant that Korme pai nprop a name given to a small
doesn't bite or sting 2) a queen ant or bee or creek and a big rock located at the mouth of
other insect syn: arin 1 . same; bottom-side of Jawalla village along the
Upper Mazaruni River
kororo var. of kokon

korwa n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of fish, ku- phon. var. of ks-

commonly known as patwa Nanachara
kuikui n (non-possessed) a variety of long, black
bimaculata gen: tpipkenan . 2) a variety of
beetle
fish, grey patwa Geophagus surinamensis
kuima1 n a stone used to smooth clay pots
Korwa Paru nprop the name given to a creek
before firing them
known for its fish; top-side of Kako Ken along
the Upper Mazaruni River, and below A'piu pai kuima2 (poss: kuimaai) n kidney; the kidney
settlement of smaller animals syn: apa2 .
kosara n a variety of bird kuita (poss: kuitari) n a piece of turtle shell
kosokosoma vt crumple Ukaretaai attached at the bottom of a stick used to spin
cotton
kosokosomap uya. I crumpled my paper.
kuiwa2 (poss: kuiwa) n buttocks
kosopre n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tall
grass with fuzzy white top 2) arrow made from kuiwa1 n a variety of snail Mollusca sp.
same, mostly for play by young children
kuka vt erase Mr ikuk. Erase that.
kosorik n a variety of black bird that flies high
ekuka (der.) vi wiped
in the sky Agelaias icterocephalus
kotama vt punish; make someone suffer kuka vt 1) suck something through something
ekotama (der.) vr 1) suffer 2) struggle like a straw Ikukak mr yai. Suck it (water)
through it (the straw). 2) inhale
kotoi n a variety of tree kotoi ye the kotoi tree kuku n a variety of bird, great horned hawk
kotoko n a type of sweet-sour honey sclr prop: Buteogallus urubiting
tusan 2, kotoko . kukui n (non-possessed) a variety of bird
kotomori (var: kumururi) n a variety of large, Kukui nprop the name given to a tributary of the
black ant Upper Mazaruni River, the mouth of which is the
location of Jawalla village.
kotonpima n (non-possessed) a variety of
cassava, mostly used for making kasiri, Kukuiko nprop the name given to the Akawayo
sometimes used for making cassava bread Amerindians who live along the Kukui River
kotorinsai n (non-possessed) a variety of locust kukuma vt cook O pe kukuma kayan? Is
s/he cooking meat?
kotota vt grimace Epi kotokap iya. He made
a grimace on his face. ekukuma (der.) vr cook
kototoka vt fold Ukaretaai kototokap uya. kuma n a variety of cotton tree, silk cotton tree
I folded my paper. Ceiba sp. syn: asare .
kotmn (var: kotmra) nom tasteless kumapakarai n a variety of frog
opp: inene 1 ; opp: ine 3 ; opp: aseku .
Kumapkri nprop the name given to a creek
kotmra var. of kotmn along the path between Pipiri pai and Amoko
kowekowe n drill kupai
kumara n a variety of large bird-of-prey, grey
ku var. of kup

and white in colour with swallow's tail kuna var. of kuna

kumasi (poss: kumasii) n 1) soup flavouring,
kuna (var: kuna; poss: kunaai, kunaai) n
made from kata, the drippings from the grated,
marrow
squeezed cassava, boiled down to eliminate the
poisonous qualities and to preserve it 2) an kunami (poss: kunamii) n plant with broad
old-time variety of casreep, more sour than leaf and black seeds; the poison from same,
kasiri'p mashed and used to poison fish
kumataran (poss: kumatarani) n kunawa n a variety of frog
(non-possessed) a variety of bean
kunwa (poss: kunwari) (cf: ; cf: patawa) n
kumei n a variety of tree with unusual seed
1) a type of palm tree 2) a dart made from the
pods, monkey pod tree plant of same name
kumeiwarai n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of kunwai n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of wood
tree similar to the kumei tree, hence its name; weevil that attacks dugout canoes 2) a variety of
monkey-pot tree the variety of tree from which termite Masutituermes costalis
benab posts are cut; the seed pods of this tree
look like small clay pots with edible nuts inside kupai n a large river
Lecythis zabucajo 2) a variety of nut from the
same tree, edible, an unusual seed pod from the kupai (poss: kupai) n bay syn: awen .
same tree kupakarakai n (non-possessed) a variety of
kumi n 1) a charm used by hunters to be brown ant that bites hard; similar to the acushi
successful in hunting wild cow, deer 2) a variety ant; poisonous to small animals when eaten
of plant from which is taken the charm kupakupa (cf: pakupa) n (non-possessed) a
kumik var. of kumisi variety of banana having a purple hue, fat and
stubby in shape, buck banana Musa sp.
kumisi (var: kumik) vt 1) wash clothes or
kupi n a container for holding drink or other
wares Ikumipt uya. I am washing many
liquid
clothes. Ikumisi uya. I am washing one piece of
kup vt bathe Mre kupk. Bathe the baby.
clothing. Ikumik. Wash it. Ikumipk. Wash
them. syn: korka 1 . 2) wash dirt in order to ekup (der.) vr bathe
look for gold or diamonds
kupri n lake; smaller than ocean (parau), larger
kum n juice Ikum ut tron n awr. Its than bay (kupai)
juice went in another direction.
kup (var: ku) vt 1) do r kup auya? What
kumta vi be or become tired from physical are you doing? Ikup pen n. I am doing nothing.
exertion Ikumtasa. He was tired. Tkusen n mr. That's a normal thing for
kumururi var. of kotomori people to do. tkusen an obligation 2) work 3)
think, especially in relation to getting ready to
Kumrasi nprop the name given to an area do something, prepare to do 4) make something
where Amerindian mining is done; also a
farming area for the Henry, William and other ekup (der.) (var ekunsa; var eku) 1) vr
families done 2) vr pretend 3) vi act 4) vi become 5) vi
happened
kun n (non-possessed) a variety of palm tree
(moriche) the leaves of which are used in kura n (non-possessed) a small variety of fish
making a thatched roof

spec: akaruwa ; spec: tennank ; spec: 2) drinking trough
kurupasakwa ; gen: moro . kuru (poss: kurukuui) n 1) conch shell,

sometimes used for calling a meeting or other
kurai (poss: kurasii) n 1) a bamboo-like tree gathering 2) jombie, bogeyman 3) a large variety
2) pipe Osorwaon ikurasii esip eke ton of snail found in the same shell
ikri nnto yai. there were three pipes with kuru adv very Iyeto pe kuru si mr. Exactly
smoke coming out of them. 3) a long blowpipe that.
made from the tree of same name
kurui n (non-possessed) a variety of bird;
Kuraimaru nprop the name given to a village turukwaro bird
above Pipiri pai on the Kukui River
kuruka vt pull up a plant by the roots syn: ina2
kurakai (var: turakai) n (non-possessed) a .
variety of small, red wood ant that stings
Fornica micrergates kurukuru vr stomach grumbling
Kurakai (var: Kurakai) nprop the name given kurukwa n swamp, an area that fills with water
to a settlement along the Upper Mazaruni River, during rainy season
down-river from Kako Ken
kuruma n tin syn: tinin 1 .
Kurakai var. of Kurakai
kurun n (non-possessed) a variety of vulture,
kuran (cf: maipa; cf: poro1; cf: wairawo; cf: Johnny Crow Catharthes aurs
akarasa) n a variety of fruit tree, waiti
kurun kanawa (var: pren) (non-possessed)
kuranau n 1) wind storm 2) hurricane airplane (lit: crows mode of transport)
kuratana n (non-possessed) a variety of small kurun pan n a time of year, from December to
plantain February; usually dry syn: iwankan 1 .
kuratu n a variety of large, black caiman kurunpiyupiyu n a variety of tree
Caiman niger
kurupara n 1) gunpowder 2) dust
kurawa var. of kuraya
kurupasakwa n (non-possessed) a variety of
kuraya (var: kurawa; poss: kurayak) n 1) a larger silver fish Curimatus issororoensis gen:
variety of plant similar to the pine, from which a kura .
medicine is made to cure cervical cancer 2)
twine made from pine leaves 3) bowstring, often kurupopoma var. of krpopoma sell
made from a plant of the same name
kururu nom muddy, soft mud after a rain
kurek n 1) a variety of tree, dukali
kururupan a muddy place
Parahancornia amapa 2) sap from same tree,
which can be used to seal cracks in boats kurusu (var: purusu; poss: kurusukuui) n
kurepiri (cf: ) n (non-possessed) a variety of cross
biting ant Kurutw nprop the name given to a set of
kurewaki n a variety of parrot falls upriver from Kaiteur Falls on the Upper
Ireng River
kuriwai n (non-possessed) a variety of
kuruwe n a variety of plant that produces a fruit
blue-headed parrot Pionus menstrues
kuriyara (poss: kuriyaraai) n 1) dugout canoe kusan nom 1) someone or something tall Kusan

pe urisan esi. The girl is tall. 2) someone or kuyapo (var: kiyapo) n (non-possessed) a
something long variety of toucan Ramphastos tucanus syn:
kusanokop n (non-possessed) a variety of wakata .
cassava, used mainly for making eki; with a thin kuyaramenu n (non-possessed) a variety of
leaf, purple in colour
fish
kusera n 1) food, any food 2) banquet, a large
kuyaw var. of kiyaw
amount of food for a large group of people
kuyawi var. of kiyaw
kuta n an evil spirit
kuyu n a variety of black ant Fornica sp.
kutima vt kiss, suck on Ikutimasa iya. He
kissed her. kuyunkuyun var. of kuyunkuyun
kuwapa n a variety of fruit tree, the guava tree kuyunkuyun (var: kuyunkuyun) n bush
kuwari n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tree, cow syn: kataipa, maipuri, waira .
the inner bark of which is used to make a sap to Kuyupenan nprop the name given to a
fill cracks in boats and other applications which
settlement and bay about four miles down-river
require a glue. 2) a variety of waiti fruit tree,
from Jawalla along the Upper Mazaruni River,
poro
along the left side
kuwasi n cheek
k (poss: k) n 1) quill of a porcupine aru k
kuwasu (poss: kuwasukuui) n diarrhea the quill of the porcupine 2) the thorn of some
plants kwina k a thorn from the kwina tree
Kuwatimuko nprop a person or people from
the area around the Kuwa'ti River, near Brazil k- phon. var. of ks-
kuwayau n 1) (non-possessed) soldier 2) army, a ki n a variety of flower; big, red in colour,
collection of soldiers blooming near Christmastime; similar to lilly;
the plant of same
kuwe n a variety of snail
kipn1 (poss: kipn) n 1) father, indirect
kuwi n (non-possessed) a variety of small frog
address tkipn uya tasa awr just as his
kuwikiri n a variety of snail, often found father saidcf: aita 2 ; dir add: papai 1 . 2)
climbing cassava plants father's brother; one's uncle, indirect address;
kuwina (poss: kuwinak) n a variety of tree any avuncular relative whose children are not of
marriagable status to the speaker dir add:
that gives a rubber substance when tapped
inton 1 ; dir add: papai 3 . 3) uncle; more
kuwina ye eekwa the kwina tree's sap (also
specifically, one's mother's sister's husband dir
e'kuka)
add: papai 4 .
kuwin 1) vt sterilize, boil in water to clean from
kipn2 n the biggest of the fingers (thumb) or
germs Ikwinpt tpo ennapokaap nin si.
After sterilizing, I returned. 2) vi soak in hot water toes uyemiya kipn my thumb ita
to relieve pain 3) vt remove hair or feathers kipn her big toe
using hot water 4) vt cook food by warming it in
nearly boiling water kka vt stretch
kuwire (poss: kuwireei) n a small paddle ekka (der.) vi stretched

kka vt clear, make clean Itesen kkap iya. ku-) do not K- kup -i. Don't do it.
He cleared his throat. Ksekamai nprop the name given to a rock
kn vt grate cassava along the Upper Mazaruni River, on the left
(going down-river) from Ipana'muru pai and past
kpan n slingshot Krtk wnp iya kpan the rock Sai
ke. He shot a chicken with a slingshot. ktt nom something tight, unable to be loosed
kra (poss: krak) n clock easily Ktt pe ewatk. Tie it tight.
Krai nprop Christ, the title for Jesus kttka (der.) (var kttka) vt 1) squeeze
2) tighten
krakra n a variety of otter, water dog
kttka (var kttka) (der. of ktt) vt 1)
kr r (cf: i-) pron 1) he, she or it kr r squeeze a person, with the intent to kill or scare
nekaman the thing he said 2) him, her or it 3) children kttka uya mr. I will squeeze you.
his, her or its 4) that, referring to a person or 2) tighten Se ewa kttkak. Tighten this knot.
living thing nearby Kr r warawo that boy
kukuma (var: kukuma) vt wiggle,
krore (var: krorewa) n 1) glory, supernatural
especially a dog wiggling his ears Tpana
brightness 2) supernatural power Main yapon
kukumap iya. He wiggled his ears.
krore wa nuti, Papa. The word's throne is
Ikukumaptp iya. He was wiggling it.
coming down, God.
krorewa var. of krore kwai2 n (non-possessed) a variety of palm nut,

found mostly on savannah areas
krk n 1) edoe 2) dasheen
kwai1 n a variety of palm tree
krkr (var: krkr2; poss: krkri) (cf:
Kwaipiya nprop the name given to a small creek
krkr1) n file, used to sharpen a cutlass, tools on the Upper Mazauni River; bottom-side from
krkrpan jagged edged, file-like Kukui Ken
krma var. of krmaya kwaiso n (non-possessed) a type of orange
potato, used in preparing cassava drink
krmaya (var: krma) n (non-possessed) a
variety of medium-sized toucan Ramphastos kwakwa n a variety of flying ant; bigger than
vitellinus sirim; similar to ko'pik
krpopoma (var: purukopoma; var: kwama n (non-possessed) a variety of bamboo
purukupoma; var: kurupopoma) vt sell Bambusa vulgaris
Kamoro uya tnono kon krpopomap. kwanore n Harpy eagle Harpia harpyja
They sold their own lands. Ayapuruui kon kwaran n (non-possessed) a variety of two-toed
ikurupopomat. Sell your (pl.) things. sloth
Krpn nprop 1) the name given to a creek kwaran pana a variety of dark brown
along the Middle Mazaruni River, near Issineru mushroom, "sloth ear" (because of the shape?
village 2) the name given to an Akawayo village colour?)
in the Middle Mazaruni River
kwari n a variety of tree bearing pod-shaped
ks- (phon. var: k-; phon. var: k-; phon. var: fruit, similar to poro

kwarona (poss: kwaronaai) n ginger especially of something to sit on Kwekwepan

ayapono esi. Your bench is soft.
kwasekoi n (non-possessed) the variety of
snake the wa'taut bird prefers to eat kwentai nom something lost Inonka uya mr
kwasi n (non-possessed) a variety of small kwentai pe namai. I will set it aside so it doesn't
mammal with a long snout, similar in marking to become lost
a raccoon Nasu rufus Kwin Mre (var: Wi Mre) nprop the name
kwata n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of large given to a prophet in the Alleluia church
monkey 2) gorilla 3) chimpanzee kwin n a hot compress, used to treat common
Kwatin nprop 1) the name given to a river illnesses kainaku kwin the compress used to
bordering Brazil and Guyana 2) a person or treat kainagu
people of mixed Akawayo/Brazilian heritage
kwipari n a variety of tree that causes bad skin
kwatr n a variety of tree with small seed rashes for some people, even just from passing
pods that look like fairy hats, the seeds of which by it kwipari ye the kwipari tree
are not edible
kwekwepan kwekwepan nom something kwipiti n a variety of bird, kiskadee Pitangus
soft sulphuratus
kwekwepan (kwekwepan) nom softness, kwnm (cf: ktun) n scent o kwnm

etap uya. I smelled the scent of meat.
Mm
m- var. of m- mai1 nom 1) headache, something giving one a
ma (poss: amapu) (cf: maswa; cf: moroi) n headache ri pe, mai pe iyesi. It is bad, it gives
a structure built across a creek to block and you a headache. 2) something bitter in smell or
catch the fish in the creek as they try to swim taste Mai pe kasiri esi. The kaziri is bitter
back into the river; the fish trap used in same smelling/tasting. syn: ine . 3) something
(sometimes called maswa)
poisonous syn: ikrak . 4) something
ma1 var. of maka alcoholic and/or sweet in flavour, especially
ma2 vt pour, especially of a liquid n uya r strong to make one drunk
emena wine ma pra esi penaro itenpp mai2 n a variety of tree, kunter tree, agouti eat
the seeds
ya. No one pours new wine into old wineskins.
maikan n a variety of fox
-ma to make (a noun a particular state); to
become (as a noun) ekima to get a fever; or, lit., Maikanaim nprop the name given to a creek in
the savannah near the James' shop, near Sinau
to become as an old man Iyekimap. He got a
yen
fever.
maikanmo n a variety of rope
Maeru pai nprop the name given to a savannah
place along the Kako River maiko n an evil spirit of the forest

maikwa n (non-possessed) a variety of water tree with long seed pods

fowl maipuri n (non-possessed) bush cow, tapir
maimu var. of main Tapirus americanus syn: kuyunkuyun,
kataipa, waira .
maimuka vt make one hoarse, cause one to
lose one's voice, make one not able to talk maipremu (poss: amaipremu) n friend
emaimuka (der.) (var emaimuka) vr mair pron there, not too far away r pe mair
dumb
to esa tukai? How did this happen to them?
maimuk vt 1) answer To maimukp John
maitaken n 1) a tar-like substance from a tree
uya. John answered them. syn: eik 2 . 2) refute used for making grater boards and rubbing onto
yeyaton non uya amaimuk namai your arrow points and fishing rods Sumari
enemies refute you 3) imitate, answer with a
akunp uya maitakin ke. I spread tar on the
similar call Kmaimupti! Don't imitate (the grater board. 2) wax, used for same
bird's call)!
maiw n sister-in-law, direct address
maimupa (var: wemaimupa) vt 1) encourage
someone to repent, pray to change someone maka (var: ma1) vt fish, catch fish Mr atai
Pasiko, maimupa to uya, inutk, Papa. moro am makap ina uya. At that time, we
Woman, they repent, bring it down, God. 2) pray for caught many fish.
someone
makara n a variety of tree, walaba, a hardwood
maimut (der. of main) vt tell someone what to tree with edible, walnut-sized fruit Eperua sp.
say amaimut uya I give you words (to say) makara ye the walaba tree
main (var: maimu; poss: amaimu) n 1) word makarin n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of
or words 2) speech 3) recorded or reported grape-like fruit, green turning to purple when
speech ripe syn: akorka . 2) a variety of tree
maimut (der.) vt tell producing same fruit, matchwood tree Tapirieru
sp. makarin ye the matchwood tree
main aworon someone who is obedient
makasira n (non-possessed) a variety of sweet
main entaino someone who is disobedient
cassava
mainake n farmer makr vt 1) drop Umosa makrp uya
mainanpa vt 1) watch karimeru am tuna ka. I dropped my underwear in the water. 2)
mainanpa p tesan shepherds (those who watch throw out eki sururuui makrto kon pe
over many sheep) 2) mind ema ta. throw out cassava flour on the path 3)
emainanpa (der.) vr watch throw To esaratp eke ton t makr p
mainar (poss: amainar) (cf: um) n ipona, iwnp to uya. They started to throw
big/plenty rocks at him, (and) they killed him.
someone's farm umainar ya into my farm
makoi (poss: amakooi) n 1) sin 2) evil 3) devil,
mainta vr make a frown Satan, the originator of all things against God,
maipa (cf: wairawo; cf: kuran; cf: akarasa; the father of lies, etc.
cf: poro1) n (non-possessed) a variety of waiti makokopa n a container made from a leaf, often

to hold small items such as peppers or acushi maminit nom someone mischevious syn:
ants
patant .
maku n (non-possessed) a variety of creeping
vine man1 the aforementioned verbal phrase is an item
makuma var. of makma of fact Iyen p man. It is a fact that he is
coming. Itu uya pra man. It is a fact that I do
makuna vt 1) sin 2) spoil something 3) do
not know.
something wrong or wicked
man2 n a variety of plant with gum
Makunaim nprop mythical character
mana2 n weaving, something woven To enupa
makunapa vt 1) treat with scorn, treat badly,
tkipn uya mana p. Their own father
joke about something serious Tmakunapai
teaches them about weaving.
pra Areruya. Don't treat Alleluia badly. 2) sin
mana1 var. of mara
makup 1) the worst one of many to makup
mana (poss: amanat) n breast
the worst of them 2) something rejected 3) female
bird, or the duller one of a bird pair syn: menu mana akan pre-pubescent girl
pn ; cf: akoruwan 2 . 4) a baby born with mana eku breast milk
deformities
mana putu the nipple of the breast
makusi n 1) a Macushi person, the macushi tribe
of Amerindians 2) the Macushi tribe mana yen bra, brassiere
maki n land, someplace dry Iyannptp manaimanai n (non-possessed) a variety of
tuna epi pona, amun ya, maki. He put small, burrowing insect that digs a conical hole
himself beside the water, on the dry part, land. in the sand to trap other bugs for its food
maki (poss: amaki) n 1) mark 2) birthmark manapa 1) vt scorn, treat badly Tmanapai
syn: karutu . 3) tattoo, the result of an pra. Don't treat it badly. 2) vi dishonour the rules
indigenous practice, given to young women near of bina use, such as talking to a girl between
or around the mouth, the design of which is using a bina and going hunting
based onthe taste of casiri she makes by manare (poss: amanareei) n 1) a variety of
chewing and spitting the casiri back into the pot
grass used in weaving warishi 2) mukuru, used
syn: kansu . 4) sign of something to happen to make baskets, warichis, etc.
makma (var: makuma) vt mark; to make a manari n waterfall
mark on something
manenpa vt 1) trouble, bother Imanenpap
makwai n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of river
uya. I troubled him. tmanenpanin rp the
crab 2) a variety of large, mildly poisonous
one who was troubling 2) argue Paar, Panapas
spider; similar to a tarantula piyama makwai
a larger variety of the same spider; lit. 'giant crab pokon manenpap mr kasa pra r man
spider' tap to uya. Paul, with Barnabas argued that
makwaiwarana n a variety of potato what they said was not so.
manka n a variety of tree whose roots can be

mama n sister-in-law; more specifically, one's
used as a charm for hunting deer
younger brother's wife; for direct address

plant 2) arrow, made from same high stat:

mankurun n 1) (non-possessed) mango tree 2)
mango fruit urapa 1 .
mann nom 1) someone kind syn: sanoma2 . mara n an instrument much like a maraca, with a
2) someone gentle gourd full of seeds/beads on a stick, shaken to
make noise
manon (poss: amanon / amanom) n girl,
a young female, direct address
mara (var: mana1) n a fair feeling, not too good
"r pe nai?" "Mara r." "How are you?" "Not too
manowara n a variety of plantain
good."
manpika vt 1) sweep away Imnp marai n a variety of small fish
nmanpikan pe r nin tapnet ke
maran n (non-possessed) parakeet
imatank pe r. The flood that comes sweeping
with strength destroys it. 2) carry away marari n (non-possessed) rapids marari ena the
top of a waterfall
mansi (poss: amansiki) n child syn: mre
1. mararita n (non-possessed) a long stretch of
rapids
manunpa vt dance with someone Epukena
mare (poss: amareei) n a trap using string or
pasi umanunpa yan, ri, ri pe pra
cord
umanunpa yan. I am dancing with a prophet's
woman, I am dancing without wickedness.
mariko n a variety of grassy plant with large,
red root bulb
mapa n a variety of tree
maripa n (non-possessed) a variety of small
maparuwa (cf: saro1) n (non-possessed) a banana, yellow in colour
variety of black otter, water dog, a larger variety
than the saro Lutra macrodus
marit n a variety of very poisonous scorpion,
without claws Androctonus occitanus gen:
mapi n (non-possessed) a variety of mosquito, mn .
troublesome during the day
mariya (poss: amariyar) (cf: supara) n 1) a
mapi (poss: amapisi) n 1) a variety of small
small knife 2) cutlass, machete
fish, found mostly near the A'taro River mouth,
along the Kukui River, a tributary of the Upper mariyamrep n small knife
Mazaruni River 2) a way to prepare fish by
wrapping in certain tree leaves and roasting over mar2 n (non-possessed) a variety of bird that
the fire swings its body, small with dotted feathers,
rarely found
Mapisa nprop the name given to a high-water
bypass along the Kukui River between Jawalla mar1 postp 1) together with asar r mar all two
and Pipiri pai of them 2) same as Mr atai r mar, . . .. At
mapisit vt cook fish in leaves the same time, . . ..
maru n (non-possessed) a variety of bird similar

map (poss: amapri / amapki) n any
to the guinea bird, the maam bird Tinamus
intestinal or other internal parasite
major
mapuru (poss: amapuruui) n 1) a variety of
marupa n (non-possessed) bat Molossus
wild plant often called cane, used for fishing
obscurus
rods and hunting arrows mapuru ye the mapuru

Marupa Pp nprop the name of a mountain Wari'kwaima on the Upper Mazaruni River
where very large bats were found mateu n (non-possessed) a variety of large
Maruwa nprop the name given to a creek in firefly
Venezuela mato n a variety of chicken; Rhode Island Red
Maruwana nprop the name given to a matuitui n a variety of dove-like bird with
settlement where the James family lives brown back and white belly
maruwasim n (non-possessed) whirlpool mauraim var. of muraim
masa (cf: apne) interj wait mawari n 1) an evil spirit 2) a person in training
masa n a variety of savannah mosquito, under a piyai'san imawari his mawa(ri)
troublesome at night mawasa n razor blade
masapre n a variety of short, savannah grass
mekoro n (non-possessed) negro, a black person,
with fuzzy white top
a person of African descent
masarawe n a variety of smaller cockroach Mekoro Awen (cf: Aro Awon) nprop the
masi n match name given to a bend in the Upper Mazaruni
River, down-river from Jawalla and just past
Masurimuko nprop the group of Akawayo Kuyupenan
Amerindians living along the Mazaruni River
Mekoro kpai nprop the name given to a
Masurin nprop the name given to the Mazaruni small creek near Korme pai, along the Upper
River, both upper and lower stretches Mazaruni River, bottom-side from Jawalla
village
maswa (cf: ma) the fish trap used in a
structure built across a creek to block and catch mekuru n (non-possessed) banana; general term
the fish in the creek as they try to swim back for banana mekuru inosa mashed banana
into the river syn: moroi . drink
mata n a defect or malformation menetewe n floating detritus such as leaves and

sticks and seeds on the river's surface and
mata n a variety of fruit tree bearing small gathered in one place
grape-like fruit with large seeds
menka vt 1) judge To menkap iya. He judged
mata vi 1) die Imatap. It died. syn: erik . 2)
them. syn: aimenka 1 . 2) choose 3) separate
spoil, rot, decay Iyo matasa. His meat became
emenka (der.) vi judged
rotten. 3) become broken Ina ensin matasa.
Our engine broke down. menkanin (der.) nom season
matakpan nom someone or something menkanin (der. of menka) nom season, a time
defective of year (?)
matank vt waste Tprataai menokoi n abdomen, stomach area of a person
matankp iya mr. He wasted his own
mentaino 1) someone greedy for more of
money there.
something s/he has tasted or experienced
Matawi pai nprop the name given to a small Mentaino kr r. He is greedy for more. 2)
creek on the left going down-river from someone who is a glutton

menu (poss: menu) n 1) writing 2) drawing nom something soft 3) nom a fertile place
minia n (non-possessed) a variety of palm tree
menu pn plain, uncolourful, the female of the
male-female bird pair syn: makup 3 ; cf: Miripa ye 1) nprop the name given to a small
creek top-side from Kukui Ken on the Upper
tmenukenan .
Mazaruni River, on the right going up-river; the
menuka (var: menupa) vt 1) write Uyese Jawalla village center; also called St. John's
Creek 2) n a variety of tree
menukap uya. I wrote/signed my name. 2) sign,
as in write one's name misikiri n a variety of bug that grows on
people's hair, similar to lice
menupa var. of menuka
misim (var: msim) n (non-possessed) a
mereme (cf: kim) n 1) rainbow 2) a variety
variety of large eagle, known to eat baboon
of snake
miya (poss: yemiya / yemiyat) n hand
meriton merry, happy people, particularly in the
part: miya mukup 1 ; part: amip 1 ;
Alleluia tradition
part: miya amip ; part: miya epotor ;
meru (cf: ) n (non-possessed) waterfall
part: miya pip .
merumeru n a variety of small hummingbird
miya amip (poss: yemiyat amip) the
gen: tukui2 .
smallest finger whole: miya ; syn: amip 1 .
Merum nprop the name given to a creek along
miya epotor (poss: yemiyat epotor) n
the Middle Mazaruni, near ? settlement
thumb whole: miya . (lit: lord of the fingers)
merunt (poss: meruntr) n 1) power opp:
smn ; syn: apike, pana pan 1 . 2) miya mukup (poss: yemiyat mukup)
strength 3) grace n 1) finger whole: miya . 2) the three largest
fingers of each hand
merunttank vt strengthen, make strong
yennaposa pe iyesi atai anapurn apai miya pip (poss: yemiyat pip) n
yemokap awonsik, tonpa ton fingernail whole: miya . (lit: hand-skin)
mmerunttanki When you have returned miya ratoi six (lit: across hand)
from being pulled away from your belief, strengthen
miyar2 much usinnkato uya uyakwar
your partners. syn: panapantank .
nesa man, miyar r uporima iya. Your love
mi (cf: imun 1) n (non-possessed) root, the root brings my heart much joy.
of any plant syn: kara1 3 .
miyar1 interj traditional greeting "Miar." "Sar."
mik n a variety of small black ant with a funny "Hello." "Hello." cf: sar1 .
smell
miyar3 var. of niyar
mimi n 1) a female cousin of a female, direct
address 2) sister-in-law; more specifically, one's
miye (poss: miyepu) n 1) step 2) log bridge or
husband's sister 3) older sister, direct address other crossing over water Imiyepu konekak
syn: pasi . iyekwrto poi pe. Use a log to make a bridge.
mina (poss: minaai) 1) n (non-possessed) a m1 1) pron that M po ereutak. Sit on that. 2)
variety of banana known for its yellow color 2) adv there

m2 nom someone who is proud or satisfied with Waira'ma'p, an inhabited village up-river from
Kako village (lit: armadillo hole)
him/herself m pe tekusan pen someone who
muraima var. of muraim
is not proud or satisfied with what he has done
m (var: kanau ye) n 1) (non-possessed) purple muraim (var: mauraim; var: muraima)
heart tree Paltogyne sp. 2) general reference to (cf: kaikan) n (non-possessed) a variety of
any tree root large armadillo Pricdontes giganteu mauraim
M paru nprop the name given to a fish creek a variety of large armadillo
bottom-side from Jawalla village on the Upper myawr adv 1) another way 2) otherwise, in the
Mazaruni River on the left going down-river.
other sense 3) everywhere Papa esi myawr
mn pron that mn win over there
r. God is everywhere.
mn n (non-possessed) a general term for myep n nape of the neck
scorpion spec: eke yap ; spec: mremomo
moi (poss: mooi) n pubic hair
; spec: marit .
moine (poss: yemoiner) 1) n young man To
mnira n (non-possessed) a variety of lethally
poisonous centipede uya moine enep. They saw a young man.
Moine pe iyesi. He is handsome. 2) nom a
mnpta (poss: mnptari) n (non-possessed)
handsome young man
secondary bush, former farmland
moinerip n young man Moinerip,
mnwinki adv further
emsaka! Young man, stand up!
mpe ekuna (cf: tensen) proud, great in
one's own eyes
Moisi var. of Mosi
Mre tp nprop the name given to a mountain moka vt 1) take away Makoi uya imoka to
peak behind the Kayama mountain range, near piyapai. The devil takes it from them. 2) take out
Jawalla village from the ground; harvest 3) rescue, save syn:
mr2 adv 1) (future tense) Awanapair to ut koneka 5, pikat 3 .
mr. In the morning, they will go. 2) immediately akwar moka (id.) vr grieve
Mr pe r isepitp. Immediately, he was healed. emoka (der.) vi come out
mr1 1) pron that r mr? What is that? 2) adv
there usemoka (der.) vr grow
mrpan adv 1) while that Mrpan kon utp.
moke n (non-possessed) a variety of tree with
While that was happening, they went. 2) while they
short bean pods containing edible fruit
msim var. of misim
Moke pai nprop the name given to a settlement
Mst nprop the name given to a rapids along about half way between Jawalla and Pipiri pai
the Upper Mazaruni River, between Jawalla and villages along the Kukui River.
Imbaimadai, especially during low water; after mokon n a traditional variety of necklace
Mase'p
mura n a variety of armadillo mokoro n fist
Mura euta nprop the old name given to momo (poss: momo / momooi) (cf: ) n

beaded necklace man. 2) available Moro pe flour nai? Is there

monare n a variety of wild calaloo flour available (to buy)?
monita n bladder Moro tpu nprop the name given to a rock

opposite Kako village
mono n (non-possessed) one who is pregnant
moroi (poss: morosi) (cf: ma) n fish trap
monota (der.) vt impregnate made of woven sticks and nipi and then set into
a ma' syn: maswa .
monori n a variety of brown or black, biting ant
moroma vt catch fish with a hook and line
monota (der. of mono) vt make pregnant;
Tuke to memoromai pe? Did you catch
impregnate Papa Akwar uya
plenty fish with a hook? moromanin fisherman
imonotansa. God's Spirit made her pregnant.
moromoro n (non-possessed) a variety of insect
monsa n 1) a type of sandal, made from the palm
that bears a white substance on its back
kuwai or sre'pa Kuwai monsa konekap to
moronka vt bear something, withstand
uya. They made sandals from the kuwai palm. 2)
the cover of new leaf or flower of the puru tree punishment Soton uya par imoronkato oton
puru monsa the cover of a new leaf/flower of the mr. Sodom will be able to bear it. syn: akret
puru tree 1.
monsirika vt hatch eggs, as a hen does Timoi moronp (poss: moronpi) n 1) beeswax 2)
ton monsirikap krtk uya. The hen honeycomb
hatched her own eggs.
Moronp paru nprop the name given to a
emonsirika (der.) (var emonsika) vr settlement near Sinau yen (lit: bees wax creek)
hatch
mosa2 n (non-possessed) a variety of plant from
monta n 1) the upper portion of thigh 2) groin which leaves are taken to make a thatch roof
mooi n (non-possessed) boy mosa1 (poss: mosa) n 1) underwear, panties 2)
beaded half-skirt worn by Akawayo women
mopa (poss: mopai / mopari) n the before western clothes were introduced
common peanut
mosaire something protruding from something
mora n a variety of monster
else Ty mosairen iyesi. Her teeth are
Mora euta nprop the name given to the place protruding (from her mouth).
chosen for the most recent Kako village Mosi (var: Moisi) nprop the name given to
morau n a variety of scaled fish edible, similar Moses, the Bible character
to the wara; yarrau Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus mosoi n (non-possessed) a variety of black,
gen: tpipkenan . biting ant
moro (poss: moroko) n general term for fish mosokoroi (poss: mosokorooi) n worm,
spec: tpipkenan ; spec: kura ; spec: especially as bait for fishing Megasoolides sp.
pippn . mota (poss: mota) n shoulder
moro 1) pron there Moro pe flour nai? Is there motomoto nom something bumpy, lumpy or
(any) flour? Moro kapon esip. There was a knobby opp: tosar .

moyoi n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of small, muru2 nom someone who is dwarfed Muru pe
house spider 2) a variety of spider that rkw iyesi. She is a dwarf.
commonly blocks a pathway with its web
muru1 n (non-possessed) a variety of small
mu2 nom something full or whole, especially the
armadillo
moon imu pe kapi enuku atai when the full
moon rises
muru n (non-possessed) a variety of tree that
bears a small fruit
mu1 (var: mumu; poss: mu) n son, indirect
muruku vt squeeze cassava, usually in a tenki'
reference dir add: pi 2 .
Eki murukup uya. I squeezed grated cassava
mukup2 nom middle one pta mukup one of (in a tengik).
the three middle toes
muruma vt digest food
mukup1 n 1) finger 2) toe
musun (poss: musunu) n 1) bait for fishing
mukuru n a variety of plant that bears a hard r imusunu pe aimara masa auya? What
tomato-like fruit are you using as bait to catch aimara fish? 2) trap
mumu var. of mu1 musunpa vt attract, use bait
mumu (var: mumutu) n gray hair Mumu
mutan nom 1) something or someone prolific,
pe iyenap. He has gotten gray hair. bearing many children 2) fertile
mumutu var. of mumu m (poss: m) n a band around something
mun n (non-possessed) cassava tuber, yam tuber, m- (var: m-) (cf: -) you, second person verb
potato tuber, the general term for any tuber prefix M- eta -i? Did you hear?
muna n a type of leaf used in tuma; similar to the -m var. of -i2
tania leaf
mima n false healer or bad doctor
munk (poss: munk) n 1) children Eight
kaisa r imunk am esip. His children were mku komamiyau day before yesterday
eight in number. 2) young ones of any species - cal: mku komamiyau, komamiyau,
birds, animals, people
ser, awanapair, awanapair emap .
munp var. of unp
mn (poss: mn) n blood
mup (cf: t, kapiri) n (non-possessed) rock
mnprp var. of mntkp
Murai nprop a name given to a landing down the
mnptn vi bleed Mnptn p iyesip. He
Mazaruni River from Kamran
was bleeding.
muran (poss: muran) n a general term for
mntkp (var: mnprp; poss:
any charm or bina, something used to get
someone else to do what you want them to mntkp) n afterbirth
emuranpa (der.) vi charm oneself mnim n a type of intestinal disease;
dysentery
muranpa vt charm Pero muranpap uya. I
charmed the dog (to be a better hunting dog). mnka vt take blood
muraurai n a variety of fruit tree, waiti mnpan nom something or someone bloody

mnt vt give blood turtle-shaped

mrei n a variety of wild fruit similar to a
mnwarim n (non-possessed) a variety of
cherry; soury
poisonous snake
mremomo n a variety of poisonous scorpion
mrata (poss: mrataai) n 1) door 2) gate 3)
gen: mn .
opening Pata mrata eporo iya korotau, . .
.. As he came to the city gate (really, the opening in mrenm vi crow, in particular, the crow of
the city's wall, . . .. the powis at a certain time of year Pawi
mraurai n a variety of fruit, poro mrenm. The powis is crowing.
Mrawoko nprop 1) the name given to a mrep nom something small yi mrep a
settlement between Waramatan and Paruima on small stick t mrep a small rock
the Kamran River 2) the name given to a
natural fish pond along the Kukui River between mta (poss: anta / yinta) n mouth
Jawalla and Pipiri pai
mta mura palate
Mrawoko pai nprop the name given to a bay
mta paruta (var: etaku amrap) salivate
near the pond along the Kukui River between
Usariwara pai and Pipiri pai (lit: mouth making water)
mre (poss: mreki) n child Mre esi mta sipo (poss: anta sipo) n 1) facial hair
2) goatee
atai, . . . When I was a child, . . .
mtana pen (cf: mtana ye, akamana)
mre (poss: mre) n 1) baby syn: mansi ;
someone who is not good at hunting or fishing
high stat: sanon . 2) child
mtana ye (cf: akamana, mtana pen) n
mreei n a small bench with head and foot, (non-possessed) a good hunter or fisherman
Nn
n- var. of n- of root crop Xanthosoma sagithfolium
na vt pull up weeds Wana na auyanokon
-n3 var. of -nin
korota, iyatai pra ikiyari ye kanan na
-n1 a suffix to say the item being mentioned is a
auyanokon esi. While you are pulling up the
person osorwaon kon kapon am three weeds, it might happen that you also pull up the food
people tanporon everybody Ewarup nau plants.
iyesaratp utn p. In the night, he started to na2 postp in, through Koneriyas utp mrata
go.
na Cornelias went in the door. sclr prop: na2,
-n2 uncertainty ut pe mituyan? Do you know nau, napai .
you are going? Wak pe pe mean? Are you
nai adv where Nai yau Wrenton? Where is
well?
Wrenton? Moro pe Father nai? Is Father here?
na1 (poss: anat / anati) n tannia, a variety

naire (poss: anaireei) n paddle nane adv 1) about, similar Atai pra Pipiri
naka vt cut down Wayaka ye nakap to uya. pai awonsik Kuraimaru nane kasa. They
were about as far apart as Pipiri pai is from
They cut down the wayaga tree.
Kuraimaru. 2) especially nn pe kuru nane
nakap n stump Araya nakap mokap to especially far
uya. They pulled out the guava stump.
nankuta vi the process of making any kind of
nakapu (poss: anakapu) n 1) top W nakapu local drink - cassava drink, pine drink, etc.
eporop uya. I found the top of the mountain. 2) Unankutanokon. We (incl.) are making drink.
the top part 3) something above Atp iya nank vt splash Unanptp iya. He was
tnaka tau. He cut (the branch) above him. splashing me.
nakase n brain napai postp from in Anai ekwa napai

iyeep. He came from in the corn farm. sclr prop:
nakata n the crown of the head
na2, nau, napai .
nak2 adv must have; showing certainty mr
napo vt cause to return; usually to home To
uya nak utinkap. You must have hit me.
napop iya. He returned them.
Itkaap nak nai? Did he leave already? (I
didn't want him to.) ennapo (der.) vr return
nak1 n (non-possessed) something; used when nap vt eat sweet things Inap auya. You ate it
speaker is inquiring of hearer r nak? What (something sweet). nanin vegetarian, one who
do you want? Iyekasa nak ukatai nin. I eats only sweet things (and not meat)
thought she would have already come.
napi (poss: anapi) n yam
nama vt respect, honour To esip Papa
nari1 vt frighten or scare someone
namanin nan pe. They were respectors of God.
enarinm (der.) vr frightened
namai n (non-possessed) a variety of bird,
warakabura, a large, black fowl-like bush bird nari2 n shadow
that is easily tamed syn: akami . nau postp in ewarup nau in the night Ewai
namai postp lest; prevent from doing something, nawon. I'm not sure./In truth./There may be truth in
disallow Ser kupp iya tema kon itu to it. sclr prop: na2, nau, napai .
uya namai. He did this so they would be nawon2 (attrib.) n
prevented from knowing the trail.
nawon1 adv maybe, expressing uncertainty Apo
nan nom ones who are, those which are, the plural
portion of the personalizer suffix -nin r nawon imo iya. Apparently, he is chopping
firewood (but I can't see or hear him).
entumanin nan ones who are poor
nawon2 (attrib. of nau) n
nana (var: nana) n aunt; more specifically,
one's father's older sister; for direct address cf: -ne1 plural suffix on postpositions, referring to
aai 4 . the plurality of the object of the postposition
Iyekainnptp ut ponane. He was
nana var. of nana
climbing onto many houses. (possibly from house to

house)
npont vt cover something Inpontp uya. I
-ne2 using a mode described by the attached covered it.
noun; when used with the number two, it means enpont (der.) vr cover
'two by two' asarne two by two Ina
pantakaptp to uya 7 pene. They divided
nr adv 1) also Ur nr ut mr
us into groups of seven. ayakrnokon. I also will go with you all. 2)
included
nep vt bring Waka nep iya itena. He brings
the axe to him. Sineyai. I am bringing it. no (poss: no) n grandmother dir add: nono ;
dir add: kokoi .
nikiti n the parents of one's child's spouse in
relation to the child's parents, indirect address -nokon plural person, for either first or second
nin adv really, very Aiko kuru nin si David person Urnokon uya to enep. We saw
them.
esip. David was really very small.
non1 var. of ton
-nin (var: -n3) one who (verb)s, changing a verb
non2 (poss: nono) n 1) land unono my land/my
into a noun Tron kon esi mr wak
farmland 2) ground 3) dirt 4) earth
itekareei etanin nan. (There are) others who are
non3 var. of kon
ones who listen to his good word. Ewarup nau
iyesaratp wut -n p. He started to go at non emo n volcano Non emo etoikwap.
night. The volcano erupted.
nipi (cf: kami) n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of nonan1 n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of sandfly

vine 2) a natural rope made from the nipi vine 2) a variety of insect; kabora; a large variety of
spec: wakwama 2 ; spec: kami . biting fly, mostly found on the savannah
nonan2 n ancestor, indirect address; referring to
niyar (var: miyar3) interj Go away! Niyar,
those ancestors already long-dead Nai winon
pero! Go away, dog!
kon nonan ton? Where are your ancestors from?
n var. of r emphasises the preceding word or
nonka vt 1) set aside Mrpan inonkap to
phrase Wak pen n. I am not well.
uya. And then they set him aside. 2) leave alone 3)
-n nominalizer suffix Itoto si uyen p man! get rid of
Kanaima is coming!
enonka (der.) vr 1) set aside 2) finish
nken var. of rken
nonk n small biting insect that leaves red blood
nm (var: nn) vt leave behind Tmunk am drop in the center of the bite
nmp to uya. They left their children behind.
nono (cf: amai, aai, kokoi, wawa) n
enm (der.) (var enn) vr 1) left 2) stay grandmother, direct address indir add: no .
nn var. of nm nop (poss: nop) n wife high stat: tamop
npon (poss: npon) n 1) covering n uya t .
prinkato pe uruwai npon? Who will roll the nop rp widow " ," tap iya, inop
stone (away from) the tomb opening? 2) opening rp uya. " ," she said, his widow (said).

nork n (non-possessed) a variety of small nurunpa vt 1) ignore 2) hate

swallow
n- (var: n-) absence of explicit object N- poka
nosan n old woman -i pru ke. The thing he shot with an arrow. Tuna
Nosoto (var: Nosotop; poss: nosotooi) nyean. It's raining. / The thing coming is rain.
1) nprop an old woman said to be responsible Toron pe npokayan? Was the thing he shot a
for giving a good cassava crop 2) n mother 3) n bird?
grandmother
-n var. of -i2
Nosotop var. of Nosoto
-n var. of -nk
notau postp behind Yi notau iyesonansa.
He was hiding behind the tree. nk nom sexually prepossessed; horny
nuirapa someone or something scornful Mr -nk (var: -n) 1) finally ereutank tuya
atai ri pe sane iyeptp nuirapa r. At atai tenkonet win Epn pata po when he
that time, she was really scornful. seated him at his right hand in Heaven 2) future
nunk n a variety of biting fly, troublesome tense 3) causative suffix Kurun kanwa
during the day arintankp iya. He made the airplane fly.
nurne nom 1) something or someone alive nkw var. of rkw
Tanporon kon esi ipona nurne. To Him nm vt to put someone to sleep
(Christ), all are alive. opp: eke 1 . 2) someone
enm (der.) (var enn) vr sleep
sober opp: etaripan .
-np var. of -rp
Oo
2) something taking a long time to complete
o (var: yo2; poss: yo) n meat
Okos! Said when someone discovers something is
-o var. of -i2 taking a long time to happen.
o pokon hunt for meat with hunting dogs okoi postp on

-oi var. of -i2 Okomiyaka nprop the name given to a rock
oima nom something or someone dirty, filthy along the Upper Mazaruni River; on the right
(going down-river), past the M's't rapids and
Itoima iyenasa. He became dirty. past Ono' rock
oimane n an evil spirit okopi n (non-possessed) a variety of small lizard
with read throat
oiment vt surround
okorono (cf: ono, inau) postp under (water)
oiwe n a variety of anteater
To usenasipap tuna okorono. They dove
oko nom 1) long in time spent doing something under the water.
Oko pe meeting esi. The meeting runs late/long. okouokouma var. of wokouwokouma vt

shake, as in a tree, back and forth as a piaichang.
okra n (non-possessed) a variety of turkey-like utopam (der.) vr recover

bird, marudi Peneolpe maraii
opan n 1) a variety of fruit tree 2) fruit of the
okraim n a variety of turkey-like bird same tree
omere n a variety of small, rounded plantain opara n (non-possessed) a variety of stinging
black ant Prenolepis longicornis
on something, usually a plant with hairy skin, that
makes a person's skin itch when touched On pe opaw n (non-possessed) island
iyesi. (That plant) is itch-producing. Sikaru ye si Oraim nprop the name given to a giant who
ono. The sugar cane (has fine hairs to) make you makes the same sound as the okra bird
itch. Orana pai nprop the name given to a settlement
onam vt hide Ipon onamp iya. He hid his along the Middle Mazaruni, near Enaku
clothes. oreko (poss: yorekosi) n Holy Spirit; Holy
esonam (der.) (var esonam) vr hidden Ghost Oreko si maimu, Areruya sikupi.
The Holy Spirit's word, I am doing Alleluia. syn:
ono (var: wonoro) (cf: okorono, inau)
Papa Akwar .
postp under To usenasipap tuna ono. They
dove under the water. itesen onon assistant
oriori (poss: yoriorii) n a square, woven
spatula used to flip cassava bread on the griddle
Ono nprop the name given to a rock along the and fan the flame of the fire
Upper Mazaruni River; on the right side (going oro n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tree Ina
down-river) just past the M's't rapids
iw orotp uya. I put up slats of wood on our
onoi n a variety of bird that sings "ri'!" house. 2) the wood of the oro tree, cut up into
onore n (non-possessed) a variety of bird known slats for roofing on which shingles or tin are
nailed
as tiger bird, crane, a river bird that eats fish
Ardea cocoi oroioroi n (non-possessed) a variety of bird,
onpa vt taste something o onpap uya. I tasted also called mam suwa
the meat. oropai (poss: woropai) n waist
onpi n rash Orosiko (cf: ; cf: Poitoma) n 1)
ontman (var: untman; poss: (non-possessed) the name given to a group of
'wild people' living between Akawayo area and
ontmanooi) n hunter syn: akamana . the Venezuela border without any outside
contact who are trying to maintain their hidden
opa2 n a variety of tree from which roof shingles
lifestyle 2) spirits who are active people in
are cut, walaba tree, seed pods hang down from relating to the piaichang.
branches by long stems
orot vt build a house; in particular, putting up
opa1 (poss: yopari) n a woven serving tray for
the horizontal slats (oro) of the roof of a
serving cassava bread
thatched roofed house Morotyan pe? Are
opam vi come back to life, be resurrected you building?
Mrpan itopamp kapon pe si iyenap Orowan ken nprop the name given to a creek
ane pe. And then he was resurrected as a person, mouth along the Upper Mazaruni River, above

Imbaimadai osorwaune adv three by three

orowe n a variety of small parrot
osorwawon (attrib. of osorwau) n three
or n 1) world, the earth syn: inonkiran, things
urayanta . 2) worldly things, the wicked things otaruwa n a variety of bird
that distract a spiritual (Alleluia) person ri pe
otoka vt hunt for several days
man or man, Papa uyapono pe pra The
world is wicked, God. It is not my throne.
eotoka (der.) vr hunt
osi2 n a small variety of calabash, the plant that oton what is to be (mine/yours/his) Uyuku oton
bears same ise esi. I want what is to be my drink. tnop
osi1 (var: wosi) n (non-possessed) a variety of oton his fiance (his future wife)
fresh-water shrimp
otori (cf: kamota) 1) nom hunting pero otori
Osi nprop the name given to a waterfall near hunting dog 2) n
what you get or obtain from any
Paruima experience Nai wotorip? Where is what you
oso adv a word of surprise at the beauty of got? 3) nom a result of something n r esi
something yau iwan pe, pata po r nentanakapi,
osorwau 1) n (non-possessed) three osorwau ayamra kon pe iyesi atai eseru
tekwa three times 2) third itosorwanno third aimenkato otori pe enan namai. If anyone is
hungry, let him eat at the place/at home, so that when
osorwawon (attrib.) n
you all gather, so that you will not be a victim to
judgment/so that it will not result in judgment.
Pp
pa2 conj then, in order to, so that itunin pe wesi whatever noun it is attached to sakoropa to
pa so that you are as one knowing him Miyar make someone vexed Isakoropap uya. I made
him vexed.
par kanau ak inawon ya par. Mrpan
punweri kon enoma kon pa tuna ka paanon var. of pa1
moro am asi kon pa. Carry the boat farther, paaraipu n a variety of snake
deeper, in order to cast your nets into the water in
order to catch many fish.
pai (poss: apai1) n 1) point r pai yau to
nesii? At what point were they? 2) stretch along a
pa1 (var: payan; var: paanon; poss: apaa) n
river 3) place along a river
grandchild, both male and female, indirect
address dir add: pari . -pai want Utnpainokon. Let us all go./I want us
all to go utpai to man. They want to go.
pa3 n 1) a sweet, a candy Kuyapo ipa ye the
toucan fruit tree - a tree with small red fruits that are a paiki (poss: apaikii) n bag, sack, pack
favorite of toucans 2) anything sweet to eat
paima n mermaid
-pa a denominalizing suffix, meaning to make

paipaiso n (non-possessed) a variety of bird pakupa (cf: kupakupa) n (non-possessed) a

with a loud, high-pitched song variety of large, purple banana
Pairamen nprop the name given to a small pakrai n 1) a variety of berry, edible 2) a
creek on the Upper Mazaruni bottom-side from variety of berry bush
Jawalla, on the left side going down-river
paktan n 1) (non-possessed) backdam, away
paisima var. of paisin from any settled area 2) inland area 3) farm area
away from the village
paisin (var: paisima) n poison
pam vi be or become frightened Item
paiwa (poss: apaiwar) n a relatively strong
pamp. His face became frightened.
form of the traditional cassava drink
paiwari var. of payawaru pan n 1) increase, either for the worse or for the
better Ipan pe r to usinkp. They were
paiwatpu n a variety of tree, candlewood tree
Euphorbia antisphyllitica very frightened. Sises usentumap pan pe to
p. Jesus felt much pity for them. Pan pe
paka vt remove, take out Ipakap uya. I
removed it.
iyenasa. She has become worse (more sick). (Or,
she has become even more of a stealer, or whatever
epaka (der.) vr 1) go out 2) go outside 3)
else you have been talking about.) 2) emphatic r
escape
pan pse s emiyane r! Is he ever lazy!
pakank (der.) vt let out
pana nom 1) someone or something strong Pana
paka n (non-possessed) domesticated cow or bull pe iyesi. He is strong. 2) difficult to correct or
paka n a variety of small, red bird with white on adjust
back and tail, known for its beauty pana (poss: apana) n ear ipanapn a deaf
pakank (der. of paka) vt let someone out person; literally 'without ears' (id.: aku pana)
from a building To uya upakankp. They pana ema var. of pana euta
let me outside.
pana euta (var: pana ema) ear canal
pakara n 1) a small bag used to carry matches on
a trip 2) a type of bag carried by piyai'ma (a pana inar ear drum
mythical giant) to carry things in 3) a type of
disease that causes a bag, or inflammation of pana kiri ear lobe
something under the arm
pana pan (cf: saman) nom 1) someone or
pakaraka vt scatter something strong Pana pan itewan. He is
pakira n (non-possessed) a variety of small, wild emotionally strong. syn: apike, merunt 1 .
bush pig 2) someone stubborn
pakirau n (non-possessed) a variety of bird panaipan nom something warped, especially

similar to the swallow related to boats
pako1 nom something small Pako pe kanau panaka nom something or someone noisy
esi. The boat is small. Panaka iyesi. He is noisy. opp: tti 2 .
pako2 nom foolish, or mad panakonta n the point at which a branch divides
into two branches

panama vt warn To panamap ina uya. We pank (var: pan) 1) vt curse Ipankp
warned them. uya. I cursed him. 2) vi be or become shocked
panamari var. of paramari Papa 1) nprop the name given to God; Father
panapantank vt strengthen, make strong God; the Creator God, God of the universe,
infinite in Being and transcending time, etc. syn:
syn: merunttank .
Kaat . 2) n grandfather, for direct address
panapiyo n (non-possessed) a variety of indir add: tamokori .
small, creek fish, known as patwa
Papa Akwar (comp.) nprop Holy Spirit
panapo n a variety of mushroom that takes a
long time to grow Papa Akwar (comp. of Papa, akwa1, see
panasika n a type of hook made from wire under Papa) nprop Holy Spirit, the Spirit of
God, the manifestation of God at work in and
panat vt 1) tell Toron am panatp through his believers syn: oreko.
itakon uya. His brother told birds. 2) advise
papai n 1) (non-possessed) father, direct address,
pane postp in groups of sit tikin pane. term used by children with the equivalent of
Come (up) one-by-one. 'Daddy' indir add: kipn1 1 . 2) grandfather,
panka (poss: apankari) n sieve, used to sift direct address 3) uncle, one's father's brother,
grated cassava before baking cassava bread direct address indir add: kipn1 2 . 4) uncle;
more specifically one's mother's sister's
pankai n (non-possessed) a local style of
husband, direct address indir add: kipn1 3
waricha in the shape of a triangle and not open
.
in the back like the more traditional warishi;
usually also less sturdy than the other; worn in papatan n 1) cousin 2) grandfather, direct
the same way address 3) old man, direct address
panta n 1) branch of a tree Saraurai ye panta para n a variety of large, black wasp
po to enkurum korotau, .. .. As they climbed
Paraikau nprop the name given to the falls;
on the branch of the saraurai tree, . . .. 2) branch of
sometimes called 'Wild Cow Falls' nobody
a river tuna panta the branch of a river seems to know why
pantaka (var: pataika) vt 1) branch off, leave parakari (poss: aparakarii) n a variety of
the trail 2) divide Ina pantakaptp to uya cassava drink, stronger than normal
7 pene. They divided us into groups of seven. parakwa (poss: aparakwaai) n 1) a variety of
epantaka (der.) 1) vr branch off 2) vi deviate tree, known as mora tree 2) mora tree seed
paramari (var: panamari) n 1) paint 2) tar
pantama vt 1) fight n uya pse pantama?
Who is fighting this person? 2) beat paran n 1) illness, sickness, a general term s
pantarka vt break off branches Warapari ye paran eto oton mta awr r A severe illness
will come here. 2) epidemic 3) trouble
pantarkap iya. He broke branches from the
warabari tree. paranakr n (non-possessed) white person
panton (poss: apantom) n story paranka (poss: aparankaai) n lumber, boards
pan var. of pank Paranka am emati ina uya. We are

drugging boards.
parikisi n prison
parantarai n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of
parikiya1 (var: pariya) n (non-possessed) a
bird, known as bell bird 2) preying mantis
variety of multi-coloured parrot
parapi (poss: aparapii) n plate, something to
parikiya2 var. of prkiya
hold food while one eats it
pariri n barrel
pararaipu n a variety of snake that can jump,
bushmaster snake syn: sarim . parisara1 n a style of indigenous singing and
dancing
parata (poss: aparataai) n a variety of tree,
the bulletwood tree, the rubber tree, also parisara2 n a type of alcoholic drink
produces a type of fruit pariya var. of parikiya1
parau n 1) (non-possessed) ocean, sea 2) flood
par adv more inke pra par more quickly Ane
parauwi (var: parawi) n 1) a variety of pe par ikuk. Make it more hot.
animal that lives underwater, possibly walrus
syn: paruwena 1 . 2) capybara
paru2 n 1) a variety of tree 2) the seed from the
same tree
parawakasi n a variety of tree, trysil tree
paru1 (cf: apr) n creek kan paru Kanparu, the
Pentaclethra
settlement, named after the creek beside it, which is
paraw n (non-possessed) wood plank boat named Kan syn: apr .
parawi var. of parauwi capybara parui (poss: aparusi) n younger sister of a
pare1 (var: parenkoso; var: parenkoko; male aparusi your younger sister
poss: apare) n 1) an abdominal organ, likely Paruim nprop 1) the name given to an Arekuna
the spleen, or the pancreas 2) labia, the outer village beyond Waramatan 2) the name given to
portion of a woman's sex organ the river on which the village Paruim is situated
pare2 n slug paruka vt bail water Kanau parukap uya. I
parekoso n a chicken's comb krtk bailed water from the canoe. opp: parut2 ; syn:
parekosooi a chicken's comb ikwam 1 .
parenkoko var. of pare1 Parupa 1) nprop the name given to a small creek
running behind the Alleluia church in Jawalla
parenkoso var. of pare1
village 2) n a variety of fruit tree
parep (poss: aparepi) n a variety of nut parup n (non-possessed) meat broth usari
small, oblong, yellow-orange, from a palm tree
parup deer broth
with very bitter flavour
pareta (poss: aparetaai) n ground itch paruru n (non-possessed) a variety of large
plantain paruru itosa plantain drink
pareura n a variety of lily Hippeastrum
puniceum parut2 vt dilute Tuma parutp uya. I diluted
pari n grandchild, direct address indir add: pa1 . the pepperpot. opp: paruka .
pari (poss: aparii) n rack, shelf parut1 var. of parka

paruwe n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tree pataika var. of pantaka

having a wide trunk at ground level 2) the seed
pataka vt 1) imitate Mrpan manare ipopt
of the same tree
iya korotau to uya ipatakapt esip. And
Paruwe pai nprop the name given to a place
while he stripped manare, they were imitating him. 2)
above I'moi ken along the Kukui River, named repeat, tell about something that happened
after the tree which is prevalent in the area
patama vt plant Ekki ye patamai to utp.
paruwena n 1) a variety of river mammal,
They went to plant cassava sticks. (lit: to give
common in the Kamran River, possibly the something a place)
walrus syn: parauwi 1 . 2) capybara
patant nom someone mischievous or wild
parka (var: parut1) vt pour, empty casiri Patant pe iyeptp. He kept on being
from the cooking pot into a barrel Mrpan ina mischievous. syn: maminit .
uya kanan iparkakap atai, And then, when
patap (cf: watap) 1) n old place, former
we pour it again,
place, abandoned settlement 2) after ipatap
eparka (der.) vi poured
ya utp. I went after he left.
parra n a fine-toothed comb used for removing
patar vi stay overnight
nits from hair
pasanon var. of pase patase (poss: apatase) (cf: patatse) n
home to patase their place
pase (var: pasanon) n 1) niece; a man's sister's
daughter 2) daughter-in-law; a man's son's wife patat vt put Tesa sakii patatp iya
pasi (poss: apasi) n older sister, indirect address tmota p. He put his owner's sack on his
shoulder.
to pasi ton their sisters tpasi kon their own
sister syn: mimi 3 ; dir add: asi1 . patatse (cf: patase) n 1) a place of
temporary residence, a campsite Mrpan kon
pasiko n (non-possessed) younger sisters, a term
of mutual identification among members of the uya patatse esip w nakapu po katau.
And so they camped high on a mountain top. 2) a
Alleluia Church Ayakaru rpoi r pe
campsite, a temporary place to live
mewakmai pen pasiko. Are you not glad with
all your spirit, sisters?
patawa (cf: kunwa) n 1) (non-possessed) a
variety of palm tree Jessema sp. 2) thatch
pasima vt 1) watch 2) guard 3) care roofing from the padawa tree, a medium-quality
thatch
pasiwa n older sister to a male
patiya n (non-possessed) watermelon
pasiw n a variety of tree, the leaves of which
are used for thatch pato n (non-possessed) boat with outboard
motor
pata var. of pata
pawana (poss: apawanar) n trader, someone
pata (var: pata; poss: apata) n 1) place 2) the
from outside Akawaio communities, coming
Holy City, Heaven 3) settlement
with things to trade Upawanar eponin
pata moronnp n a disease from visiting a uyesa man. I have come to find my trading
place one never visited before; now, it is known partner/someone who owes me money.
to be malaria

pawanat vt beg Sises pawanatp to uya, bread cakes syn: wapiro .

"Ina ksennoki, tamu kenan pen n ya!" peiruku n pig, a domesticated pig
They begged Jesus, "Don't send us to the far-away
place!" peisuka (cf: pisuka) vt kiss
pawanato nom a call for help from someone epeisuka vr kiss
Pawin nprop the name given to a small creek peit vt fill To uya si asar r mar tkanwa
bottom-side from Takai'ka pai on the Upper kon peitp. They filled their two boats (with
Mazaruni River, on the left going down-river fish).
pawisim n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of peitura n (non-possessed) a variety of water
creeper vine Aristolochia daemonioxia 2) a turtle
variety of yam
pekai (poss: pekaai) n bald head Pekai pan
Pawisim pai nprop the name given to a
iyesi. He is bald.
landing along the Kukui River near Wanawan
Paru, between Pipiri pai and Jawalla pekwa vt burn Wak pe rken ipekwak. Keep
paw n island it burning good.
pawi n (non-possessed) a variety of wild fowl, pen adv not To pen pe utp? It wasn't they
easily tamed, known as powis who went?
payan var. of pa1 pena (var: penaro) adv 1) long ago 2) forever
syn: inke 3, twr 1 .
payawaru (var: paiwari) (cf: ) n
(non-possessed) a variety of 'burnt' cassava penanne nom an early time Penanne
drink awanaki pata esi. It is very early in the morning.
payunu (poss: apayunu) n son-in-law cf: opp: emenp .
upayun .
penaro var. of pena
pe question word in questions requiring a yes-no penputu (var: punpupu) n (non-possessed) a
answer Wak pe pe mean? Are you well? variety of dung beetle, with a cap-like head
Wak pe r. (I'm) well. covering
pe postp as Ikomi pe tuna esi. The water is cold. pent n fish net, closely knit
pee ipo (poss: pee ipo) n bangs pepa n a flat place; a flat thing Pepa pe
ikonekak. Make the place flat.
peep (poss: peep) n forehead Mrpan si
t anin si Goliath wnp mr ipeep p. perei (poss: peresi) n elbow
So, with only a stone, he hit Goliath on his forehead. perei rp appendix
Peim pai nprop the name given to a settlement pereik n (non-possessed) a variety of large duck
along both sides of the Upper Mazaruni River
with a long beak
between Kako and Kamran
pero (cf: iyone) n (non-possessed) dog
peipan n 1) a single-sided backpack used to
collect clay for making pots 2) case for holding peruperu n a variety of catfish; edible
and transporting multiple numbers of cassava
peset n (non-possessed) wind, breeze

petapuru n lid for a cooking pot in pininpa vt carry, walk with something or
petapuru the pot's lid someone Itekepu pininpap ikipn uya.
His father carried his body around.
peten1 nom available to do a job Tanporon n
upinim (der.) vi walk
esi peten pra. Everyone is busy/not available.
peten2 n anchor Mr atai, kanau kunin pipi (poss: pipi) n older brother, for a female;
also used in direct address
peten anmp to uya At that time, they took
up the anchor Pipi nprop the name given to a creek that flows
into the Kukui River at the village of Pipiri pai
petokoromap n (non-possessed) the
starch that settles out from the water squeezed Pipiri pai nprop the name given to the Akawayo
from grated cassava when a tenki' is used; can village on the Kukui River at the mouth of Pipi
be rubbed onto cassava bread as it is baking creek
peya (poss: peyakr) n landing pip2 n a variety of insect that smells like a stink
bug when mashed
peyo n a type of skin disease
pip1 n a variety of plant that burns one's skin
pi n 1) younger brother of a female; also used in
direct address 2) son; more specifically, a pip (poss: pip) n 1) skin 2) fish scales 3)
woman's son; for direct address indir add: mu1 turtle shell
. pippn (der.) scaleless
pika1 n (non-possessed) a variety of beautiful, tpipkenan (der.) nom scaled
burnt-red-colored bird with a long tail and
distinctive call pippn (der. of pip) without scales, referring
pika2 vt heat, as in the effect of the sun on the to skin fish Koruwa esi moro pippn.
earth s pe r ipai pikap iya. It (the sun) Koruwak is a fish without scales. spec: tenmasa;
heated his head so that it hurt. gen: moro.
pikat vt 1) help Elias pikatp uya. I helped pirika vt 1) shave 2) cut one's hair
Elias.Sipikatyai. I am helping (someone/at
pirik2 (var: pirit) vt 1) enlarge, make more 2)
something). 2) savein a physical sense, from a
make something to increase
burning house or from drowning in the river 3)
save, especially God saving mankind from their pirik1 nom something added to a larger whole,
sins by sending Jesus pikatnin kon entusa in addition to Tanporon kon pona preman
man, Krai, Itepuru. Your saviour has been tawon pirinin pe, . . .. In addition to telling them
born, Christ, the Lord. syn: koneka 5, moka 3 . to be praying for everyone, . . .. cf: tonpat .
epikat (der.) vr 1) help oneself 2) help each pirimo n (non-possessed) dragonfly Libellula
other 3) help oneself to something depressa
pikonp n a variety of bird pirimokon n a variety of fruit
pikwa vt blink Enu pikwap uya. I blinked my piriori var. of piriyori
eyes.
pirioro var. of piriyori
pina n a variety of fish with a skinny nose
pirit var. of pirik2

piriukwa vt pelt piya postp 1) by piya nokon uyeesa. I have

piriyoi n (non-possessed) a variety of come by you all. 2) to sclr prop: piya 2, piyau 1
tree-climbing vine with red, trumpet-like flowers . 3) toward
piriyori (var: pirioro; var: piriori) n piyaima n (non-possessed) giant dir add:
(non-possessed) a variety of short, green bean Atatai .
Piroi nprop the name of a creek on the Upper Piyaima pai nprop the name given to a bay
Mazaruni River, bottom-side to Jawalla along the Upper Mazaruni River, above
Imbaimadai
Piroi Ken nprop the name given to the
settlement located at the mouth of the Piroi piyaima pmi giant pepper
creek, along the Upper Mazaruni River,
piyaima warisa var. of ene warisa
down-river from Jawalla
pirornpa vt make someone scream mr uya piyaisan n 1) (non-possessed) shaman, a person
who deals with spirits and the spirit world syn:
ipirornpapt. That makes him scream.
enewoke . 2) the act of practising shamanism
piroto n 1) lead, used for fishing weights and Piyaisan esi piyaisan p. The shaman is
bullets 2) bullet 3) mud ball 4) projectile 5) practising shamanism.
bulletwood tree Manilkara bidentata
piyan (cf: ariya) n 1) (non-possessed) a variety
pisama vt mash, trample Epe kena pe tesen
of bat-catching bird with a night-time screech 2)
tiwano kon ksenomatu peiruku am eagle
ena to uya ipisama esi. Don't throw your own piyapai postp away from Makoi uya imoka
expensive things to dogs for them to trample on them.
to piyapai. The devil takes it from them.
pisi (poss: si) n calf, the lower half of the leg
piyapaino (poss: piyapainor) n orphan
pisik vt 1) drag Ipisikp to uya apo
piyapap vt purify a house from illness using
piyapai. They dragged it from the fire. 2) pull
smoke and ritual Ene piyapap piyaisan
Pisiwon (var: Isiwon) nprop the Alleluia uya. The piyaichang purified (the house) of illness.
prophet
piyap n piece, section eki piyap a piece of
Pisu nprop the name given to a creek running
cassava bread sikaru piyap a short section of
into the Kukui River up-river from Jawalla
village sugar cane
pisuka (cf: peisuka) vt smack one's lips Tepi piyat vt begin

pisukap iya. She smacked her lips. piyau postp 1) beside sclr prop: piya 2, piyau
pit vt heal someone 1 . 2) at
epit (der.) vi 1) heal 2) treat piyawon (attrib.) n
piyawon (attrib. of piyau) n

epitnin (der.) n 1) health care worker 2)
piy n 1) a variety of tree with edible fruit similar
healer
to the orange 2) a variety of wild fruit from the
usepit (der.) vr healed same tree

piynk vt make someone feel shame epm (der.) vi plant

Emiyapoke pe tesan piynto tuya iyai
pn vt shoot a prey with a blowpipe Toron
pe. Their wisdom is their shame. Ser tasa auya
pnp uya. I shot a bird.
atai, ina piynppt auya. When you say
that, you shame us. ppiyamu n heel syn: ppiyasa .
epiyt (der.) vi embarrassed ppiyasa n heel syn: ppiyamu .
piyo n blackhead, pimple ppu n 1) (non-possessed) a large variety of

grass, sectioned like bamboo; grass from which
p vt shoot (with a dart and blow pipe p uya. I boys make short blow pipe 2) a whistle made
am shooting you (with a dart and blow pipe).
from the kwpu grass cf: wai2 .
p postp 1) to Ereuta pra r tenki ta p, esi prau var. of prau n illegitimate, a child born
ser Papa p, pnokon. I have not rested with without his mother being legally married
saying thanks, to God, for you all. 2) toward 3) in
pre n a variety of tree
order to 4) about 5) on 6) with Ereuta pra r
tenki ta p, esi ser Papa p, pnokon. I prin be or become moving prin pe r
have not rested with saying thanks, to God, for you tukomansen. living without moving.
all. 7) for Ereuta pra r tenki ta p, esi ser
prinka vt 1) move n uya t prinkato pe
Papa p, pnokon. I have not rested with
uruwai npon? Who will roll the stone (from the)
saying thanks, to God, for you all.
tomb opening? 2) roll
-p var. of -pt
prka vt 1) inquire, ask about isapatooi
pink (poss: pinkri) n a variety of wild pig prkapnin nan those inquiring about her shoes
pir n a variety of plant from which is taken a 2) rebuke
medicine to treat kuwasu' prkiya (var: parikiya2) n a variety of small
pk postp 1) behind 2) after bird with white beak and dark feathers,
screeching call
pki n a variety of tree
prtuku n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of large,
pkr 1) postp with To pkr ktu. Don't go poisonous frog that lives underwater 2) a variety
of toad
with them. to prema nr sipkr they also
pray with each other 2) postp before, in front of pru (poss: pre) n arrow
Simon Peter uya se ekup tokansa
prukansa n a variety of soup (tuma) that
atai, iyesekunkap Sises enupkr. When consists primarily of meat
Simon Peter realized what had happened, he kneeled
Pryum nprop the name given to a small creek
before Jesus. 3) cause "r r pse r umatato
top-side from A'piu pai on the Upper Mazaruni
ipkr eposa uya pra man," tap iya. "He River
has done nothing to cause him to die," he said.
prk n a type of intestinal disease;
pkron (attrib.) n
threadworms
pkron (attrib. of pkr) n psai var. of psi
pm vt plant Twpnse! Plant! psi (var: psi; var: psai) n (non-possessed)

a variety of small bird with a long tail that gives poitoma vt praise Tpoitoma pe ekama iya.
short, high calls
He thinks he is being praised.
psi var. of psi
Poitoma (cf: Orosiko) 1) nprop
pt (poss: pt) n chest syn: poropo 1 . (non-possessed) the name given to a group of
people living between the Upper Mazaruni and
pt sipo (poss: pt sipo) n chest hair Venezuela, having no outside contact 2) n people
ptne (var: ptn; poss: ptneei) n a variety who live in the bush and shun contact with other
humans 3) n evil spirits
of mussel, bivalve syn: rato 2 .
poka vt 1) spear fish with bow and arrow Moro
ptn var. of ptne
pokai utnpai. Let's go and spear fish. 2) shoot
ptura n chin iptura sipo his chin hair/beard any other animal for food 3) nail Ipokapsa
ptura sipo (poss: ptura sipo) n beard rp kurusu pona. He (is) the one who was
nailed on a cross.
pt vt pick ri pe r tepetasen epetasa pt
poken2 n comfort ipoken pe wesi you are her
kapon am uya pra r si mr. People do
comfort
not pick bad fruit.
poken1 adv might be, likely, possible Ipoken pe
-pt (var: -p) 1) present continuous tense I-
prataai nai? Is your money (change) right?
komam -pt -p He continued to stay (there).
Imatakap poken si. It is likely he wil die. Pon
Ut -pt -p. I used to go / went often. 2)
tukunapt uya poken man, tunakwa ta
repeated action sense
ut yau. I might wash the clothes, if I were to go
py n cassava bread made hard, to last a long
down to the river.
time sclr prop: ekenan 1, akuse, py .
pokoi (poss: pokooi) n sadness Pokoi pe
po1 postp 1) on 2) onto Tron n pata poi r nai? Are you sad? opp: pori .
iyepakap. He came out onto another place.
upokoita (der.) vi sadden
po2 nom something delicious or tasty Tuma esi
pokoita vi 1) be or become sad Ipokoitap
po pe. The pepperpot is tasty.
ip. He was sad at her/because of her condition. 2)
poi (var: woi) (cf: akr) postp 1) with Ensin be or become sorry
poi utp. I went by way of engine. 2) from, from pokoitank vt make someone sad Mr uya
off of Iyutp tikn poi. He came off of his ina pokoitank. That makes us sad.
pet (donkey). 3) by way of
pokon postp together with nop pokon pe
poir1 postp nearby
together with your wife
poir2 n a variety of tree, the bark of which is pokr (poss: pokri) n belt
boiled and drunk to stop excessive menstrual
bleeding Pouteria sp. pon2 n 1) a bird's nest 2) a wasp's nest 3) a
spider's web
poito (poss: poitor) n 1) nephew 2) son-in-law
3) a male cousin of another male 4) servant, pon1 (poss: pon) (cf: won1) n 1) covering 2)
helper 5) disciple Mrpan kon enap Sises clothes 3) dress 4) shirt
poitor ton pe. And they became Jesus' disciples. pon enu (poss: pon enu) n button (lit: clothes

eye) cf: upromerum .

enut (der.) vt button
pororomai n a variety of fruit tree, waiti
pon nakatawon n shirt posi n a small calabash bowl
pon ton (poss: pon ton) clothes, multiple posima vt 1) fan a fire, to make it burn brighter
items of clothes
or hotter Apo posimak. Fan the fire. 2) blow,
pona postp 1) to 2) in 3) in the direction of 4) onto like the wind
5) until mr pona r until then posin nom 1) something delicious, usually
ponant vt build a fire, start a fire apo referring to the taste of meat or local soup
ponantp iya eke r. He built a big fire. posin pe o esi. The meat is delicious. 2)
something nutritious
poni (poss: poni) n navel, belly button
potawa (poss: potawaai) n extra, left-over,
ponsik postp from syn: awonsik 2 . reserve potawaai oton tkuse entanak.
pont vt 1) cover O pontk. Cover the meat. 2) Eat some and leave some for later.
dress pot vt 1) light apo pot, apo ipotk, apo

epont (der.) vr dress oneself ipott light the fire; command for one person;
command for more than one person 2) burn 3)
pooip (var: pop) nom something old Pooip clean, as in cleaning one's farm by burning up
pe ensin esi. The engine is old. opp: emenna the cut-down jungle on it Amainar
1. tpotpse! Clean your farm!
pop var. of pooip epot (der.) vr burning
porai n a variety of weaved walling potopoto nom something shaking back and
poreka n a variety of tree forth, like an unbalanced kw'
potoro n bottle
Poreporeim nprop the name given to a
mythical bridge, believed to be a camoudi pouta (poss: poutaai) n powder
pori n (non-possessed) someone happy opp: powa (var: puwa; poss: powaai) n 1) a
pokoi . variety of tree, Balsam of Peru tree Myroxyl
peruiferum 2) medicine taken from the same
porima vt make happy Wrenton porimap tree
Winston uya. Winston made Wrenton happy. pu vt burn a spot on the skin Waruwa uya
eporima (der.) vr happy upusa. The waruwa burned me (on the skin).
poro1 (poss: ipa poro) (cf: maipa; cf: kuran; pu pn (pl: pu pnon) nom someone without
cf: akarasa; cf: wairawo) n (non-possessed) knowledge or insight, ignorant, senseless
a variety of fruit tree, waiti (small pods) Pupnon ekoneka, Papa. Those without
knowledge are getting ready, God.
poro2 postp at m poro r at there
pu pnon pl. of pu pn
poropo (var: propo) n 1) chest, breast toron
pu pra 1) ignorant 2) n forgetting, not
poropo the bird's chest/breast syn: pt . 2) lungs
remembering

puke n wisdom Iyesa Saraman puket mu; puru monsa the covering of the new leaf or
flower pod of the puru tree
etasena. She came to hear Solomon's wisdom.
Pu pn! You foolish person! puru2 vt 1) smoke a thatch roof in order to cure it
for a long life Ina iw puru to uya iyamota
pukena (poss: puket) n (non-possessed)
prophet, usually from the Bible or from Aleluia namai. They are smoking our house so it doesn't
traditions and history rot. 2) toast cassava bread or meat with some oil
on a griddle cf: putu2 . 3) scorch, as in the sun
pukuima vt 1) get a short haircut
scorching a plant in dry weather
Ipukuimap. I got a short haircut. 2) prune a
epuru (der.) (var epu) vr roasting
fruit tree, for it to bear more fruit
puma vt blow Candle pumak. Blow (out) the purukopo n anything for sale
candle. purukopoma var. of krpopoma sell
pun2 n a variety of snake that is slow-moving, puruku (poss: purukuui) n 1) pants 2) shorts
black and white and moves more like a worm
purukupoma var. of krpopoma sell
pun3 nom thick, as smoke is thick Ipun pe
ikrsin eto oton. The smoke will be thick. purumapi n a variety of black berry, the bush of
which has leaves similar to sandpaper
pun1 (poss: pun) n 1) flesh Mr Main
purusu var. of kurusu
ekonekasa esip ipun pe. And the Word was
made (into) flesh. 2) body 3) muscle puruwe n rubber tree
-pun having many of something Wakapunkasa pusi n cat
pe iten ton esi. It had many axes in its mouth. putkank var. of putkanp
pune n fat putkanp (var: uputkank; var:
punpupu var. of penputu putkank) vt 1) forget Mary uya tanporo
punuka vt pinch Apase punukak. Pinch your ser putkanp pra iyesip. Mary didn't
neice. forget any of these things. 2) neglect
punup n 1) crumbs eki punup cassava bread putu1 (poss: putu) n 1) the point of a pencil,
crumbs 2) shavings 3) dust stick or other object 2) point of an arrow 3)
upper lip low stat: epi 1 . 4) bow of a boat 5)
punwe (poss: punwer) n a cord-type fish net
bill, beak of a bird toron putu a bird's beak
Moro am asi punwe ya. I am catching fish
with a net. putu2 vt roast Moro putup uya. I roasted fish.
pupiyau postp 1) under Masurin pupiyau moro pusa roasted fish cf: puru2 2 .
under the Mazaruni River 2) below, especially putu pip n the upper lip low stat: epi 1 .
referring to the surface of water
putusi pan nom something pointed
pup (poss: apai2) n 1) head 2) hair spec: inse
. putusipo (poss: putusipo) n moustache
pup p n skull putusit vt make pointed Iputusitk. Make it
puru1 n a variety of tree with fruit to pick puru pointed (as in a pencil or arrow).

putut vt sharpen, to make something have a (a virgin). Kane, utpn. No, I haven't gone.
sharp point Yi pututptp iya. She made pn vt bathe, give someone a bath To uya
the stick sharp.
ipnp. They gave him a bath.
puwa var. of powa
pra adv 1) not To pra man. They are not here.
-p 1) past tense To userenkap. They sang. 2) 2) without ttui pra r without number
old; previous; previously used as a (stem)
patap the former place (home/farm/etc.) prai (poss: praai) n indigenous sandals
made from a palm leaf stalk (no longer made),
pika vt pick a fruit Puru eperu pipsena also known as kuwaimonta (is this an Akawayo
to utp. They went to pick the fruit of the puru word?)
tree. Praikoman nprop Elijah, from the Bible's Old
pk1 (poss: pk) (cf: ) n 1) end Ipk Testament, as referred to in Alleluia traditions
asik. Hold the end. ipk pn n infinite, prakai (poss: prakaai) n a variety of
without end 2) a part of something r pk vegetable bean
pona mr kup Timothy uya? Until when prakon (poss: prakon) n 1) ankle 2) base,
should Timothy do that? as in base of a mountain w prakon base of
pk2 n family pk ton your family the mountain 3) source
pramu n beaded bracelet worn around leg

pknat vt join together inanimate objects
between knee and ankle
Kareta am pknatk. Join the papers.
prantin n (non-possessed) plantain
pm (poss: m) n neck
prasokome vt hurt or injure another's ankle
pmi2 n a variety of beetle that explodes at its
eprasokome (der.) vr hurt one's own ankle
posterior to ward off preditors, people
pmi1 (poss: pmi) n a variety of hot prata (poss: prataai) n money
pepper with small gourd-shaped fruits on a bush prataru n 1) throne, Alleluia word Prataru
Capsicum frutescens
inutk, Papa, inutk, Papa Bring down your
Pmi kupai nprop the name given to a bay throne, God, bring it down, God 2) the ground of
along the Upper Mazaruni River, above Heaven, said to be shiny like silver, particularly
Imbaimadai in the Alleluia tradition
pmkam n a traditional variety of necklace prau (var: prau) n 1) orphan 2) illegitimate
pn postp without negative for a noun phrase or child, bastard
verb phrase Iteseru pn warawo esi. The boy prau yan n a variety of ant that steals another
is not smart. r pe ikup uya pn n. I didn't do ants' babies (lit: mother of orphans)
anything to him. Sises utp kapon am pn preka (poss: prekaai) n an evil spirit that
ya. Jesus went to a place without people. to possesses people temporarily and deceives
them
ikiyari patase pnon kon n they don't plant
food farms
prema vt pray for; pray regarding premap
uya. I prayed for you.
-pn negative Appn iyesi. She is not touched

premasa n something or someone promerum var. of promer

consecrated, prayed over or otherwise set aside propo var. of poropo
for religious purposes
premek vt 1) miss To uya kanau proroi (poss: prorooi) n 1) yard Krtk
premekp. They missed (getting on) the boat. am esi Father prorooi po. The chickens are
in Father's yard. 2) area
2) disobey Amaimu premenin pen sane
ur ko. I have not disobeyed your word at all. prowa n flour
prem vt put into a line or a row pr n flower petal
eprem (der.) (var epren) vr lined psamo pron these, referring to people or living
things nearby the speaker
pren var. of kurun kanawa
psamoro pron those
preposi (poss: preposii) n 1) breakfast
psau (poss: asaw) n 1) bowl 2) cup 3)
2) lunch
drinking gourd
preri n food, any food
pse pron this; referring to a person or other
presiman n policeman living thing nearby
preti n (non-possessed) bread cf: u . pta (poss: ata2) n foot pta kipn the large,
prik vi be or become patient first toe pta epotor the large, first toe
pro n 1) surface Wana amranpsa eke pta pip n toenail
pe tuna pro po. A lot of grass collected on the pta putu n tiptoe Pta putu po utn. I go by
water's surface. m pe r sipropo t walking on tip-toe.
enonkato oton pen n those rocks put on top of ptap (poss: atap) n footprint
each other will be thrown down 2) something in a
ptari n blind or hunting shelter, built up in a tree
location above something else, on top of tw
to wait in for wild animals to pass Mr yau
ipropon pokon pe pon ekwati. let him
wana inak, ptari pona ut tane. Weed the
take the piece of your clothing on top of the one (he
is already taking). grass here while I go to a blind (to hunt).
promer (var: promerum) n heavy pwipwiso n a variety of bird with a loud

breathing, from the chest whistle-like call
Rr
ra postp in sclr prop: ra, rau, rapai . raitawa n 1) throne, particularly in the Alleluia
raanpu (poss: aranpuui) n lamp tradition syn: tawai 1 . 2) place
raipa (poss: araipaai) n a less-travelled path raki postp 1) under, as in physical position or
through the bush authority Iutamokap non raki item.

He fell, the ground (being) under his face. Papa uya goes, a person runs before him. 2) before, in time
tanporon n tsa iraki. God put everything Kamoro upakap to raw r. These awoke
before them.
under him. 2) to To nepp to uya mr
Romans am raki. They took them to the rawoika vt turn over Mrpan si rawoikap
Romans. iya mr. Then she turned him over.
ransa (poss: aransaai) n lance rawoirawoima vi be or become rocking back

and forth
rapai postp from in front of sclr prop: ra, rau,
rapai . rek n a variety of edible catfish, skinfish
Pimelodus sp. gen: tenmasa .
rarunpa vt carry something, holding it off the
ground remui n a variety of hummingbird, with white
chest and blue-green back
rasin (poss: arasimu) n ration kapon rasimu
yen ya to the man's ration bag ren nom glowing, something like a fire
Iyepotp s pe irenpansa esip. It was
rasiten n squall, strong wind or storm,
burning, very dangerous and glowing. Sises pon
particularly in the Alleluia tradition and hymns
enap iren kena pe kamiri eweit kasa.
rat vt 1) twirl, spin Mrpan iratptp iya Jesus' clothes became glowing, being lighted like
tropai yau. And then he was twirling the rock in lightning.
flip Eki rat iya. She is
his sling. 2) turn over, repa vt supply Urepak umunk ke. Supply me
flipping the cassava bread on the grill. 3) take
back with children.
something someone has previously given
ret n 1) horn of a cow, often used as an
rato n 1) (non-possessed) water spirit 2) mussel, a instrument to call others to a meeting or other
bivalve syn: ptne . event usari ret deer horn cf: watapu . 2)
ratoi (poss: aratoi) n 1) a twin to another person antler
cf: simunui 1 . 2) partner 3) opposite r rikarika (poss: awaai rikarika) n a variety of

mr eke ratoi? What is the opposite of eke (big)? musical instrument important in Alleluia
tradition, of unknown origin and quality cf: wai2
Aiko esi eke iratoi pe. Aiko (small) is the
.
opposite of eke (big). 4) the other side, opposite
from where one is Iratoi pona ina ut mr. riyuru n a variety of tree from which roofing
We are going to the other side/place. Iratoi pe slats are cut
utpai? Do you want to go across it (the river)? r (var: n) emphasises the preceding word or
phrase Wak pe r. I'm well. kr r the very
ratoika vt divide Mrpan uya timamin
one/he mr r that same one
ratoikap to kaisa r. And he divided his things
between them. -r var. of -i2
rau postp before, in front of sclr prop: ra, rau, rken (var: nken) adv only Kaat munk pe
rapai . rken only as God's children.
raw postp 1) before, in front of Goliath ut atai rmo vi be or become exhausted, very tired
kapon utpptp iraw r. When Goliath Irmosa. He had become very tired.

rmon var. of rmono genus 2) the fruit of the kupa tree, used in a
game where the fruit is rolled on the ground and
rmono (var: rmon) n 1) desert-like hit with an arrow by the next person
environment, a place devoid of plant and animal runan var. of rui
life 2) a flat place or area, a plain opp: w .
rup n something similar or akin to something
rnau adv uncertainty, whatever Mrpan arp else Punwe kanin kanan enep iya, tron
n uya rnawon. Then someone (I don't know n pata yawon kon si, Makusi am rup ton
who) took it.
n. He was a person sewing a fish net, in another
rnawon (der.) place similar to (where) the Makusi (live).
rnawon (der. of rnau) rusi n male cousin of a female, indirect address

rwn n any kind of decoration ruweta n a variety of tree, balata tree panicium
genus
roma1 n dark clouds
-r var. of -i2
roma2 vi fan, make a breeze
ri n a variety of bird
ropa (poss: ropaai) n 1) rubber 2) something
elastic in nature 3) sling, slingshot rka vt sever, cut off Isan ipai rkap uya. I
cut off John's head.
rora nom something green in colour, also yellow
or clear rkw (var: nkw) 1) small, little Apne
Roroim nprop the name given to a mountain rkw. Wait a little. 2) little Mrpan kon uya
peak at the point where Guyana, Brazil and tmunk kon nmp asaron kon rkw
Venezuela meet. esip. And they left behind their children, who were
rota n small intestine two little ones.
rui (var: runan; var: ruita; poss: rui) (cf: -rp (var: -np) old, an action or
relationship that happened in the distant past
aita) n elder brother, to a male, indirect address
and/or is no longer in effect tmanenpanin
ruita var. of rui rp the one who troubled (something) kamo
ruku1 adv beg, taking a lower position in a tsanomanin rsan those who received (him)
conversation Ina ruku enupak. You must teach rta (var: rtau) postp among Nonami
us.
wana rta tuna epi po. She hid him among
ruku2 adv 1) but, on the other hand 2) instead the grass at the water's edge.
ruma n 1) a variety of tree, kupa tree chisia rtau var. of rta
Ss
s- var. of si- 2) a variety of sweet potato Ipomea batatas
-sa 1) perfective tense Uy- e -sa man. I have

sa (poss: asaku) n 1) a variety of purple potato
come. 2) recent past 3) completed past tense

sai n vulva into the ground near the river and checked
periodically Moro am samap uya
Sai nprop the name given to a rock along the sererema p. I caught many fish by putting my
Upper Mazaruni River; on the right (going pole into the ground near the river and checking it
down-river) between Ipana'muru pai and Msstt periodically.
rapids
esama (der.) 1) vr hang 2) vi choked
saka vt 1) disturb 2) make someone drunk
esaka (der.) 1) vr disturbed 2) vi loose samaku (poss: asamakuui) n a specially-
shaped clay pot, a large clay pot
saka (poss: asakaai) n saw saman (cf: akin; cf: pana pan) nom 1)
sakaisakaima vt tickle Mre am something difficult saman itewan a stubborn
sakaisakaimap iya. She tickled the children. person 2) something hard as in texture opp:
syn: akrank . ekenan 1 ; opp: nt .
sakama vi sawn, cut with a saw Isakamasa. It samantank vt 1) harden by drying, as in

was sawn. setting cassava bread out in the sun to dry Eki
sakasa n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of small, samantank. Harden the cassava bread. 2)

poisonous snake, rattle snake Crotalidae 2) a make someone a hardened person Tewan kon
variety of wall lizard samantansa to uya apur ise to esi
sakasakapan nom someone walking in a atai Papa uya tato, tokank to uya.
zig-zag fashion Sakasakapan pe itp. He They have hardened their hearts. . ..
went walking in a zig-zag fashion. samoroni n venereal disease

sakau n a variety of bird found near Kurupung, samururun nom 1) dry Mr yau kanan
in the Lower Mazaruni
iyekwip samururun pe tenai. In there it is
saki (poss: asakii) n sack, bag isakii his sack boiled again until it becomes dry/granulated. 2)
something granulated
sakoro nom sober, not drunk Sakoro pe iyesi.
He is not drunk. san (poss: asan) n 1) mother, Indirect address cf:
sakoro (poss: asakorooi) n anger Sakoro pe sanon ; dir add: aai 1 . 2) aunt, indirect
address; in particular, one's mother's sister or
iyesi. He is angry.
one's father's brother's wife dir add: wawa ;
sakoropa vt make angry Isakoropap uya. I dir add: aai 4 .
made him vexed.
-san var. of -sen
esakoropa (der.) vi mad
sane adv especially iwanpsane especially of
sakorota vi be or become angry
hunger wak r sane especially good
sakui n a variety of parrot
sanka nom a boat having a high bow Sanka pe
sakura (poss: asakuraai) n 1) variety of kanau esi. The boat has a high bow./The boat's
cassava 2) a variety of potato 3) a thick drink bow sticks out high above the water. opp: sururui
made to mix with water and drink
.
sama vt 1) trap Aku samap uya. I trapped an
sanoma2 someone kind syn: mann 1 .
agouti. 2) the practice of fishing with a pole put

sanoma1 vt 1) make a fuss over To pe sapoto n (non-possessed) a variety of creek

nsanomatai? Did they make a fuss over him? 2) fish
receive 3) recognize Itonpaton uya sapuru (var: sapuruma) n a variety of sweet
isanomap pen. His own kind/people/family didn't cassava bread porridge
recognize him. 4) accept 5) pay attention sapuruma var. of sapuru
sanon (poss: asanon) n parents cf: san 1 ; low saprete n a variety of woodpecker Celeus
stat: mre 1 . elegans
sanpa n adze sara n (non-possessed) a variety of grass or
weed, razor grass
sanpana (poss: asanpanaai) n
(non-possessed) bell saraika vt comb someone else's hair
sanpura (poss: asanpuraai, asanpur) n 1) esaraika (der.) vi comb

drum 2) any item banged on as a drum during a
saraipan (cf: sereipan) 1) nom something or
time of sporting
someone combed opp: kisikisipan . 2)
santo n doll
something straight
sanwoto n 1) a variety of tree 2) blowpipe saraisarai (poss: asaraisaraai) n 1) comb 2)
sapa1 n 1) a variety of tree, annato Bixa orellana rake
syn: anont, karapiyap1 . 2) the face paint saramo vt split open, split in two relatively
that comes from the annato tree's fruit, deep red equal parts Toron ipai saramop uya. I split
in colour open the bird's head.
sapa2 n hunter sarani n 1) a variety of grass with seeds that
sapa n 1) Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath 2) children like to eat 2) a variety of creek grass
that lives underwater
Sunday, the Christian Sabbath
sarara n (non-possessed) a variety of
saparaw n 1) a variety of fruit tree with small
bamboo-like tree, also called congo pump
green berries that turn ripe 2) fruit of the same
Cecropia
tree
sararaikapan nom something striped
Saparuwi nprop the name given to a village
along the Middle Mazaruni, near Kankarum Sararaikapan pe pon. Your dress is striped.
village
sararanpan nom hair standing straight out
sapato (poss: asapatooi) n 1) shoes 2) boots 3)
sarat vt start something Ensin saratp uya. I
footwear
started the engine.
sape (poss: asaper) n someone humble syn:
esarat (der.) vi start
tn 2 .
sarauka n indigenous bone flute
sapema vt 1) speak against Papa poitorton
sapemasa iya. He has spoken against God's saraurai n (non-possessed) a variety of small,
servants. 2) criticise round fruit
esapema (der.) vr disagree sarawera n a variety of Alleluia dancing, where

couples move in a square-dance style; not often

practised today down-stream) just before the big rock that looks
like the bow of a cruise ship
sare Go away! Sare, pero! Go away, dog!
sawaisawai (poss: asawaisawaai) n double
saresare n (non-possessed) a variety of purple paddle, as is used in kayaking
parrot
sawasa n (non-possessed) soursop fruit; the
sar2 adv only Tikin sar ennpt ser pata same tree
tau. I am the only one sleeping in this place.
se2 (cf: Serekon) nom someone or something
sar1 interj I'm here. a common response to the foolish Tumatasan pona kurusu ekareei
common greeting, Miyar. "Miyar." "Sar." esi se pe r, To those dying, the message of the
"Hello.".. "Hello." cf: miyar1 . cross is foolishness,
sarim n a variety of large snake, bushmaster se1 pron this r se? What is this?
snake syn: pararaipu . -se2 var. of -sena
sarpar adv 1) more 2) closer Sarpar sik. -se1 var. of -i1
Come closer.
sei interj suddenly; probably refers to having
saro1 (cf: maparuwa) n (non-possessed) a something suddenly come into one's sight; to see
variety of otter, water dog, a smaller variety something one didn't know was there syn: t .
than the maparuwa Lutra macrodus
sei (var: seisei) n a spatula-like tool used to
saro2 n loincloth syn: kamisa, waiku, kareku
round off the edges of cassava bread as it bakes
.
on the griddle
saroroim n (non-possessed) a variety of large seisei var. of sei
snake Trigon ocephalus
Seiso 1) nprop Jesus 2) interj Amen
sarowaik n (non-possessed) a variety of large
bumble bee with butterfly-like tongue sekerente n (non-possessed) a variety of
sarku n (non-possessed) a variety of small rat banana, cayenne banana Musa sp.
that eats cockroaches sekwa (cf: ) n leak isekwa its leak
sasa (var: kanasakawa) n a variety of locust seme n a bend in the river
sati nom standing Sati pe iyesip. He was -sen (var: -san) one who does V
standing.
Tukomansen tanporon kon n tron kon
saukwa vt break Yi uya si itemata ratoi kiyawo am piyau. (He was) one who lived
saukwap. The stick broke his leg. with all the other kushi ants.
esakwa (der.) vr break -sena (var: -se2) wanting Iutp ipopsena.

He went wanting to strip it.
sausauma vt cut up, make little cuts To uya
senomari 1) nom troublesome Senomari pe
isausaumap kuyapo piyau nane,
warawo esi. The boy is troublesome. 2) vi be or
kuyapo menu pe si nane. They made little
become mad
cuts on the toucan, to give him his colourful pattern.
Senpi ken nprop the name given to a creek
Sawa nprop the name given to a creek along the
mouth along the Upper Mazaruni River, above
Upper Mazaruni River, on the right side (coming

Imbaimadai fish, especially in its young stage of

development
sepan1 n small bush, brush
sik (poss: sikri / sikrii) n chigger;
sepan2 nom lowly Sepan n tpoitor kusa actually, a variety of burrowing flea
iya p tenu yau. He has remembered his lowly sikpan (der.) nom infested one
servant.
sepe n nothing, something stupid or meaningless sik (var: sikr) postp 1) from Ser ukaretaai
nepp ina uya town pon sik. We brought
sereipan (cf: saraipan) nom straight hair,
this book from town. Itpiya sikr r Kaat
smooth hair
piyau iyesip. From its beginning, he was with
Serekon (cf: se2) nprop a person without
God. 2) since Mr sikr ema enonkap
knowledge or ability, someone dumb or stupid
Kr r, itunin pen n Serekon He is Serekon, Krpn poi utnnto Kamran ken pona.
Since then, the path from Krpn going to Kamran
the person without knowing. cf: Sik 2 . river mouth has been established.
sererema n fishing supplies, most often the pole, Sik 1) nprop the name given to a mythical figure;
line and hook used to catch fish by putting a brother of Makunaim 2) n a smart person cf:
pole in the ground near the river and coming
Serekon .
back to check the hook periodically Moro
am samap uya sererema p. I caught
sikmoi n a variety of potato
many fish by putting a pole in the ground near the sikni (cf: isakari) n a variety of fruit tree with
river and checking it periodically.
small, round fruits
ser n today cal: mku komamiyau, sikpan (der. of sik) nom someone or
komamiyau, ser, awanapair, something infested with chiggers or burrowing
awanapair emap . fleas Sikpan, eke pe r. She was infested with
many chiggers.
ser n (non-possessed) a variety of bird, oil bird
sikr var. of sik
sese n 1) brother-in-law, direct address indir
sikorot vt tangle, entangle Peset uya itewa
add: ese 1 . 2) cousin, male addressing a male
am sikorotp. The wind tangled the pieces
cousin, direct address indir add: ese 2 .
of string.
si var. of esi
sikuru (poss: sikuruui) n school
si- (var: s-) 1) I S- ene -i. I see it. 2) me
sik n (non-possessed) a variety of small snail
sia n a variety of maggot found in the palm
sikwa vt cut Tkwiwa pun nin si isikwap
trees, can be eaten
mr. So, he cut his own buttocks.
sikaru (poss: sikaruui) n sugar cane
simana n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tree
sikiri n cigarette that puts out baseball-sized seeds; the Baramani
sikirima (poss: sikirimaai) (cf: tuneren) n tree 2) the seed of the same tree
salted hot pepper; mostly made to be portable to Simana pai nprop the name given to a farming
take on extended trips settlement next to Kankarum pai along the
sikisiki n (non-possessed) a variety of yarrow Urapa pai stretch of the Upper Mazaruni River

simari (var: sumari; poss: simarii) n cassava sipn n flea

grater
sipotai n (non-possessed) a variety of thorny
simitin n a type of dance in the Alleluia tradition vine
sina (poss: sinat) (cf: ; cf: karipon) n 1) sirika vt prick a wound or sore to relieve
the variety of tree from which inner bark is pressure underneath Uwereei sirikap uya. I
stripped to make shoulder and head straps for pricked the skin of my blister.
warishi and bundles of other things to be carried
out of the bush; the tree from which the fruit is sirikan n a variety of parrot that flies together in
taken to make the toy kw' 2) rope or strap large numbers
made from the bark of the same tree warisa
sirikare n a variety of insect that lives in a hole
sinakri the backpacks strap in the ground (bee; wasp; millipede?)
Sinaai nprop the name given to a creek along sirik1 n (non-possessed) star
the Kukui River, below I'moi ken
sirik2 n a variety of plant
sinau2 n a variety of tree from which a part is
Sirikwai nprop a mythological figure married to
extracted to make a person sneeze sinau ye the
Wayarare
frog tree
siriko n (non-possessed) a variety of yellow-
sinau1 n (non-possessed) a variety of large frog,
bellied bird
also called 'mountain chicken'
sirim (poss: sirimi) n a variety of brown ant,
sinka vt hang, tie up Sinkap iya wenasokoi
of which the larvae are edible
pe to ar rawr. He hung them upside down and
carried them that way. sirim n a variety of hot pepper
sinkiri (poss: sinkirii) n shingle sirimo n 1) a variety of termite 2) a variety of

long, black ant
sinkokoi n swing; a rope or vine hanging from a
sirinsirin n (non-possessed) softness, often used
tree used for same Sinkokoi po pe
to describe hair
senakapai mean, manon? Do you want to
play on the swing, girl? siripara n a variety of termite with a bigger
head than the small, white termite; flies in
sinsinka (var: esinsinka; var: esinsinma) season
vi swing
sirn nom bright Sirn pe iyesip kamiri kasa.
Sipaniyoro nprop the name given to people
He was bright like lightning. syn: en2 .
from Venezuela; more generally, anyone who
speaks Spanish Sises nprop Jesus
siparari n roti baking pan sisi (var: kisikisi) n a variety of biting fly,
sipasipa n 1) (non-possessed) ripples on the no-see-um, sandfly, troublesome during the night
water's surface caused by wind 2) wave of water sisiu nom seatedness Sisiu pe iyesip
sipipa (var: sipiroko; poss: sipipaai) n 1) enwone win. He was sitting at the right side.
cassava starch fried into small eki-like patties 2)
sitank vt prevent something from growing
a cooked, starch patty
sipiroko var. of sipipa sitisiti n a variety of insect - but what?

situka vt push Mre am situkap iya sokousokouma vt shake, as a liquid in a

kanau apai. He pushed the children out of the bottle Kasiri sokousokoumap uya. I shook
boat. the kasiri in the container.
siwankama vi be or become worried sonkoto (poss: sonkotooi) n a small ditty

Siwankamap tnkupp p. She was bag
worried about what she did. sonson nom 1) someone staggering, as if drunk
siya adv 1) far, over there To utp pata pona Sonson pe iyennapop. He went home
ekaretsena siya r pata kaisar r. They staggering. 2) someone walking fast Sonson pe
went to the place to tell (about what happened) in utn. I'm walking fast.
that faraway place. 2) far into the future, forever
Tanporon n esi iwano pe p, siya ro r. sopai n 1) a madness that affects kanaima 2) a
person who wants to suck blood 3) a mad or
Amen. Everything is yours, forever. Amen.
crazy person; someone without a sound mind
s (var: s) interj Oh!, sharing hopeless feelings sopera nom cutting a path Sopera pe tutsen
Nai r si anapurn kon s? Oh, wherever is raipa at p. As he went along, he was cutting a
your faith?
path, . ...
s interj the sound made in sharpening an axe or sopi n any form of strong alcoholic drink from
machete outside sources
s var. of s sorewapan nom someone or something thin
skrr (var: eskrrma) be or become
sorin vr nosebleed
heated, to have a fever or temperature Ene pe
soroi interj sound word, the sound of something
upun yau eskrrmap. His body was
hurting with a temperature. piercing something else Mrpan uya tta
kipn atkaptp, "Soroi!" Then he
soisa n soldier
pierced his big toe, "Soroi'!"
soisoi n a variety of hump-backed grasshopper, soroiso n a variety of bird with red beak and
the sound of which aids in keeping time,
feet and gray feathers
chirping fast in evening, slow in morning
soroma n a variety of large, green parrot
Soisoi nprop the name given to a mountain
along the Upper Mazaruni River, about 2-hours soronpan n valley Piyaima ntamokai w
up-river from Inbaimadai
epi poi soronpan ya enton pe pra r. The
sokoipita vt 1) blister Epusa giant fell from the edge of the mountain into the
valley, never to be seen again.
usokoipitap. 2) burn
sosi (poss: sosii) n church
sokoisokoi (poss: sokoisokooi) (cf: kasiri
wri, wriwri) n stick or paddle-like sosoma vt mash, usually yam, pumpkin or
instrument used to stir cassava drink before it is banana, to make it edible Kauyama
poured for drinking
sosomap uya. I mashed pumpkin.
sokoro n 1) tumor Sokoro pe im esi. He has Usosomayai! I am (a pumpkin) being mashed!
a tumor on his neck. 2) a lump or growth under the
skin sotoka vt make something or someone to stand

upright suraika vi lay down in a hammock Uyekwe po

esotoka (der.) vi stand isuraikap. He lay down in my hammock.
sowesowe n a whistle of a kanaima or large surapan var. of sura
bat-like animal
sururu n 1) flour eki sururuui cassava flour 2)
su (poss: suku) n urine Isuku yen pe mr the scraping from the cooked sides of cassava
esi. This is her urinal. bread
suta (der.) vi pass urine sururui nom a boat with a bow very low/close to
the water Sururui pe kanau esi. The boat has
su euta urethra (lit: urine hole)
its bow very low to the water. opp: sanka .
su yen bladder (lit: urine container)
suruwa (poss: suruwaai) n 1) a variety of tree
sukusuku n (non-possessed) passionfruit which produces edible seeds 2) the seed from
Passiflora foetida the same tree
sukusukuma vt wash, usually refers to suruwatiti n (non-possessed) a variety of frog,
washing clothes by hand Pon ton living in the suruwa tree
sukusukumap uya. I washed clothes by suta (der. of su) vi pass urine
hand.
suwa nom sudden Suwa r ento It will be
sumari var. of simari sudden.
sunkupi n 1) a disease that causes pale skin 2) Suwepu nprop the name given to a high-water
anemia; including a swelling of the face bypass along the Kukui River between Jawalla
and Pipiri pai
suntaaka n 1) Sunday 2) week, from Sunday to
the next Sunday suwita (var: suwita) vi blush Isuwitap. She
blushed.
sunwa nom a place far away from the speaker
Sunwa to nesii. They are far away. suwitank (var: suwitank) vt make
someone blush To suwitankp iya. He
supa vt soak Mr r etane tuna uya ina made them blush.
supap. But then the rain soaked us.
suwita var. of suwita
supara (poss: suparaai) (cf: mariya) n 1) suwitank var. of suwitank
cutlass, machete 2) any knife
ski n (non-possessed) a variety of
suparari n 1) arrow 2) spear
blue-colored bird; saki
sura (var: surapan; poss: suraai) n 1) a frame skskma vt 1) wag, as in a dog's head or
of sticks put over a fire to lay meat on for
tail Tipai skskmap iya. He wagged his
smoking 2) frame for tarpaulin Mrpan yau
head. 2) disagree, as in shaking one's head to say
eke pe tuna uyeep, surapan konekap 'no'
ina uya. In that place, a big rain fell, and we built a srepa n a variety of tree, perhaps a palm tree
frame for a tarpaulin.
105 of 131
Tt
t- var. of t- takautakauma vt shake someone in a
ta (cf: te) vt speak, say something "Utnpai," hammock Mre am takautakaumap iya
tap iya up.. "Let's go," he said to me. itekwe tau. He shook the children in his
hammock.
ta postp 1) in Sosi ta to utp. They went in the
takika vt mash Mrpan yau yi karakwasa
church. sclr prop: ta 1, tau, tapai . 2) into 3) at
ke ipai takikap iya. And then he mashed his
-ta2 command verb suffix Papa nkupp head with a broken off stick.
ayakr ekamata. Tell what God has done for takpi n a variety of small bird with green head,
you. Ikuta si kr r kasa. Do it like he did. orange and yellow back, turquoise and purple
markings on breast and wings
-ta3 past tense Ewai, mkatai. You said, 'Yes.'
takpiya n (non-possessed) a variety of bird,
-ta1 var. of -tan similar to the blue saki, with a short chirp of a
taanp var. of tamop call
tai interj yes, uh-huh, affirmation by the hearer, takuru n (non-possessed) illness Takuru ke
used while listening to someone else talk ki esi. The old man is sick / with an illness. opp:
atu 1 .
taikwa vi burn with pepper Itenna taikwap.
He burned his mouth with pepper. takurukenan (der.) nom sick one
taitai n (non-possessed) a variety of long, black takurukenan (der. of takuru) nom someone
ant that stings who is sick or ill
taitaima vt type n uya r sosi konsri takurupa var. of tapuruka
ton usaurosa taitaimakato r. Someone
Takrau nprop the name given to a creek off
should type the minutes of the Church Council
the Upper Mazaruni River, near Ku'mrasi,
meeting.
above Jawalla village by about 40 minutes
takaika n (non-possessed) a variety of
tam adv very Wak pe man tam. It's very good.
kingfisher bird Alcede torquata
tamo (poss: atamo) (cf: umi) n 1) father-
Takaika pai nprop the name given to a large
in-law, indirect address 2) uncle, one's mother's
rock at the Kako/Jawalla district line
brother; one whose children are of marriagable
takapiya n (non-possessed) a variety of palm status to the speaker, indirect address 3) sir, a
tree from which thatch material is taken; similar term of respect for the older age of the hearer
to a blow pipe tree frond, making good-quality over the speaker
upper thatching tamokori (poss: atamokori) n grandfather,
takataka nom shaky Takataka pe imariyar indirect address dir add: Papa 2 .
epu esi. His knife's handle is shaky
tamop (var: taanp; poss: ataanp) n
takauka var. of tkuka husband low stat: nop .

tam (poss: atamri) n 1) tobacco 2) cigarette akanwa esi. Your canoe is flat.
tane conj 1) while Mr atai si Jericho apai tapiyuka n (non-possessed) a variety of wasp,
brown marabunta Hymen optera
Jerusalem pona it tane tukan kon kapon
am uya emapkap. While going from tapuru n table
Jericho to Jerusalem, many people followed him. 2) tapuruka (var: takurupa) n house with
though, nevertheless Mr r etane, ... rectangular thatched roof
Nevertheless, ... 3) although, even though
taprenken n a variety of tree, the leaves of
tanek vt divide which are used to make a drink to prevent or
tanpirai (poss: atanpiraai) n arrow point, often cure worms, cold symptoms, or fleas and
chiggers
shaped from a section of deer antler
tararan n 1) wagon 2) chariot, especially as in
tanporo n all
the Alleluia tradition
tanporon (attrib.) n all
tarau n large salt crystals, found in Brasil
tanporon (attrib. of tanporo) n all, every one tare nom someone or something fed Tare ke
-tan (var: -ta1) inviting the hearer to 'Come and iyesi. He is well-fed. opp: wan .
V' Entaikwatank! Come and eat. taren (poss: yetaremu) n the art of blowing for
tanwaya n (non-possessed) a variety of bush the purpose of healing or harming oneself or
plant (bird's nest fern) from which leaves are another taren po kon people who receive taren
taken to make thatch roofing, philodendron plant
etarenpa (der.) vt blow
tapai postp from in Tutsen pen n tiw
tarika n a variety of small, blue, iridescent bird
tapai. She never went from in her own house. She
with black on wings and brown breast
never went out from her own house. sclr prop: ta
Tarikiran nprop the name given to John Charlie,
1, tau, tapai .
a prophet in the Alleluia church
tapi interj a wish for something to be so Atu pe
taripa vt make someone else drunk Itaripap
kuru epai eai tapi! Oh, how I wish I was
iya. He made him drunk.
healthy!
tarita vr be or become dark in skin colour
tapimnan var. of aimune
Itaritasa man. He became dark. Yi uya
tapiya (var: tapiyak) n a variety of larger
itaritansa. The wood/stick/splinter made his
hummingbird gen: tukui2 . skin dark.
tapiyak var. of tapiya tarui nom craving, especially meat, fish, or
tapiyara2 n sickness something of substance to go with cassava
bread tarui pe wesi. You are craving
tapiyara1 n (non-possessed) a person (something).
well-provided-for by his farming acumen opp:
Tasaren nprop the name given to a village along
iwannko .
the Middle Mazaruni, near Tu'po'ko village and
tapiyu something flat, especially relating to falls
canoes going flat as they age Tapiyu pan tasin n (non-possessed) dasheen

tatan n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tree good tenmasa n a variety of fish spec: rek ; gen:
for lumber, whose seeds float on the river 2) the pippn .
seed from the same tree
tennank (cf: akaruwa) n a variety of small
tau postp in ut tau esi mr. I will be inside the
fish, often caught in a trap gen: kura .
house. sclr prop: ta 1, tau, tapai .
tenparasaimunan nom someone or
tawa (poss: atawari) n 1) clay soil 2) clay syn:
something pale
ikoro 2 .
tenpataikunan nom someone with a dirty
tawai n 1) throne, particularly in the Alleluia face
tradition syn: raitawa 1 . 2) place 3) Heaven, tenpurunan (der. of ene2) nom someone
particularly in the Alleluia tradition having blurred vision
tawaru n a variety of bird with white and purple tensen (cf: mpe ekuna) n a variety of tree
feathers with red colour under the bark, good for
tawenka vt twist; injure by twisting Esther uya building material
itemekon tawenkasa. Esther twisted her arm. tenten n a big bell Tenten uturunkap uya. I
rang the big bell.
te (cf: ta)
tenu ennosa iya forward thinking, looking
teire n side of a human body or paddle ahead (lit: he has sent his eyes)
teka vt bring ashore Mr kanau tekak. Bring tenupasen n student high stat: enupanin .
that canoe ashore.
tepi (poss: yepi) n 1) tablet 2) any kind of
tekesen (poss: tekesemu) n walking stick medicine in pill form 3) solution, the answer to a
teketeke var. of tokotoko1 problem
tepitoren n a steep bank
teketekema vi wiggle
Tepn ken (var: Tpn ken) nprop the name
teki (poss: tenkisi) n 1) the long tubular
given to a creek mouth along the Upper
container used to squeeze the poison juice from
Mazaruni River, above Imbaimadai
the grated cassava cf: trapisi . 2) a long leaf,
the juice of which is sometimes added to the tereka n strips of vine material used to plait
cassava drink panka, etc.
temakwai n night Mrpan tuna esaratp, tero n a variety of tree

pata temakwai. And then rain started (and tetaripasen n drunkard
continued) the whole night.
teusan var. of tusan
temek vt keep for oneself
tikin n (non-possessed) one thing Tikin n toron
tenki interj Thank you. Simeon uya anmp
pokap uya. I shot one bird.
tena tenki tap iya iypremap Papa p.
Simeon took him to himself and said thank you (as
tikinanpa (der.) adv 1) finally 2) once
he) prayed to God.
tikinanpa (der. of tikin) adv 1) for the last
tenkunan (der. of enku) nom someone blind time, never to be repeated Tikinanpa r to

ennapop. They returned, never to go again. 2) tmuipan (der.) n cripple

once Tikinanpa annkak. Pick at it just
once./Don't keep picking at it.
tmuika vt bend something
tikitiki nom ruptured, pushed out Tikitiki pe etmuika (der.) vi bent

iponii enakap. He belly button is becoming tmuipan (der. of tmui) n a person bent over
ruptured/sticking out. without being able to straighten up
tinin (poss: tinimu) n 1) tin syn: kuruma . 2) tnn n (non-possessed) slowness tnn p with
a tin roof 3) any metal material used to make a slowness tnn po kon in a slow manner opp:
roof
aitune .
tinka vt 1) hit Ene pe utinkap auya. You hit
me hard./It hurt when you hit me. 2) knock
tnka var. of tunka
tisa n teacher cf: enupanin . tpiya (poss: tpiya) n 1) beginning Itpiya

sikr r Kaat piyau iyesip. From its (the
t emphasises the preceding phrase Mrpan atai
world's) beginning, he was with God. 2) ancestor
si t, . . .. And after all of that, . . .. David tpiya rp pe tesi p. He was David's
t (poss: tpu) (cf: kapiri, mup) n 1) rock, grandson/ancestor.
stone moro tpu, eki tpu fish rock, cassava Tpn ken var. of Tepn ken
rock 2) boulder 3) mountain Aiyama Tpu tpoi (var: tpoi) (cf: tokotoko2) n general
Aiyama Mountain 4) idol Ina premato ip esi term for owl
t pe, tpana kenan pen n. We pray to idols tpoi var. of tpoi
that have no ears (to hear).
trin nom something thin trin pan item esi.
-t to use (N) Arat uya. I am building a home./I am His face is thin.
using ara, or, beams (in order to build a house).
trinka vt roll; push something round and make it
-t command suffix for more than one hearer roll
Apne en -t inonkap rp yau. But look
trinti n a variety of caterpillar with a stick
in where he was laid.
cocoon in which it walks around
t mukusan n gravel, a stony place
tririn nom something round Tririn pe ball esi.
tkt n a motion of something swinging back and The ball is round. syn: tmoi 1 .
forth Ipon pn mre usar, "tkt, tkt,
triye n a variety of fish, morocot; also called tari
tkt," tukai. The boy without clothes walks (with fish; found in the Lower Mazaruni Myletes
his penis swinging back and forth).
trr nom concurrent, at the same time Trr pe
tmoi nom 1) something round in shape Itmoi
r to uyepp. They came at the same time.
pe iyesi. It is round in shape. tuna tmoi round
tttikwa var. of ekttima
syn: tririn .
water stones (referring to hailstones)
2) something lumpy in an otherwise homogenous tttma 1) vt shake To uya to tamo
entity
tttmap. They shook their uncle (to wake him
tmui nom someone who walks with a bent back up). 2) vi shiver
Tmui pe it. He walks with a bent back. etttma (der.) (var etttika) vr shake

tu nom 1) unadorned, especially of hair 2) loose, ton (var: non1) (cf: kon) quant plural suffix for
not tied up Tu pe upai esi. My hair is not put the noun to which it is attached Mrpan tron
up. n ton utamokap t pona. And then others
tusan (var: teusan) n 1) (non-possessed) bee fell among rocks. yeyaton non your (singular)
Apis mellifera 2) honey sclr prop: tusan 2, enemies (plural)
kotoko . 3) bees' nest tonan nom something hidden Tonan tau

tut vt brush off dust ata kon mtutti. You iyesip, to uya itokank poken pra. It
was hidden, they couldn't understand it.
all must brush off dust from your feet.
t interj suddenly syn: sei . tonpa eight things
twr adv 1) everlasting, always syn: inke 3, tonpa2 n a portion

pena 2 . 2) long ago tonpa1 (pl: tonpaton; poss: tonpa) n 1) a
two (var: two) n (non-possessed) a variety of relative 2) friend 3) partner Zebedee munk
bird with a loud whistle am to esi, Simon tonpa pe tesan. They
were Zebedee's sons, partners with Simon. syn:
to pron 1) they To utp. They went. 2) them
etapu 1 . 4) family
To pokap iya. He shot them. 3) their to
tonpat (der.) vt join
mariyar their knife
-to 1) the means to (verb) Aware u- tunta -to etonpat (der.) vr joined
weyu esepon -kap -p. The day for the
opossum's return was met/came. 2) the purpose of tonpap n small scraps left over from a meal
(verb)ing tutto kon the purpose/means of their eki tonpap remains from a cake of cassava
going 3) a suffix to make the verb a noun bread
menukato a writing, something written to tonpat cf: pirik1. (der. of tonpa1) vt join,
usenuminkato their thoughts become part of a larger group Ina tonpatp
tokank vt 1) know Epuru si ayarinokon, iya. He joined us (as in getting married).
Papa uya innkannto tokannin pe tonpaton pl. of tonpa1
par may the Lord lead you into a greater
topoiso n a variety of plantain
understanding of God's love 2) understand 3)
recognize toretorepan nom a person with tuberculosis
etokank (der.) vr know oneself Toretorepan iyesip. He had tuberculosis.
tokenama vt shorten, to make shorter in time toro1 (poss: toro) n lung

tokotoim n a variety of rat toro2 n 1) a variety of tree, the mora tree, a large
tree that grows near water, with large seeds that
tokotoko2 (cf: tpoi) n (non-possessed) owl, float and wide lower buttresses 2) the seed of
the general term gen: toron . the same tree, edible
tokotoko1 (var: teketeke) nom something toron n (non-possessed) bird, the general term
loose or slack Tokotoko pe ewa esi. The rope spec: tokotoko2 ; spec: tukui2 .
is slack.

toron kan n the season from March to May; ikuipk. My chicken eggs rattle when they are
boiling.
usually more rainy cal: iwankan 1, toron
kan, Tmon 2, wipiya 2 . tuma (poss: ama) n soup in which to dip
cassava bread
torotoroim n a variety of yellow, sweet
pepper, a variety of large red pepper
tun n a variety of tree aspidospermia genus
torouma vt crumple Tesanon apuruui tuna (cf: tunakwa) n 1) water 2) river 3) rain
toroumaptp iya. He used to crumple his tuna epi n shore, bank (lit: waters lip)
owners' belongings.
tuna pe (cf: aiku)
tosar nom immediate, straight away opp:
tuna tmooi n hail
motomoto .
tosaron (attrib. of tosar) tunakiri (var: tnakri) n thirst Tunakiri
ke esi. I am with thirst. Pori pe kamo esi mr
totop n a type of dwarf; shy but sometimes
tnakri ke nane nan wak enupkr.
eating people
Happy are those who thirst after good things.
tu- var. of t-
tunakwa (poss: tunakwaai) (cf: tuna) n 1)
tui (poss: tusi) n nail riverside Jordan tunakwa ka
tuke nom 1) plenty, so many Tuke to masii semupsena, seven kaisa r itekwa. Dip
pe? Did you catch many (fish)? 2) too many 3) yourself in the Jordan water, seven times. 2) landing,
one's place for getting to the water or river 3) a
crowded place, as in many trees crowded
place where one finds water
together
tunarunt n an old-time story
Tuku nprop the name given to a creek along
Kukui River near I'moi ken settlement tunayana n a group of people, exceptionally
tukui1 (var: ansa) n a style of indigenous large Amerindians, living in Brazil
singing and dancing tuneren (poss: tuneremu) (cf: sikirima) n
tukui2 n (non-possessed) hummingbird spec: salted hot pepper
merumeru ; spec: tapiya ; gen: toron . tunka (var: tnka) vt finish, complete
Tukuiren nprop the name given to a creek off untunkap pra what I didn't finish
the Kukui, top-side from Jawalla village by tunta vi go Tetrawasomato weyu umasa
about 30 minutes, on the left going up-river
atai, ituntap tiw ta. When the time of his
tukuna vt wash, especially clothes Pon ton work was finished, he went to his own house.
tukunapt uya. I am washing clothes. Upai Tupoko nprop 1) the name given to a village
sutukunapt. I am washing my head. syn: along the Middle Mazaruni, near Saparuwi
ikuka . village and the Tu'po'ko falls 2) the name given
to the falls, after which the village is named
tukusipan a style of round house syn: waipa .
turakai var. of kurakai
tukutuku nom 1) boiling sound of cooking soup Turakai Awen nprop the name given to a
2) poached Tukutuku pe uyo krtk pmoi settlement on the Mazaruni River between
Kamran and Kako, on the left going upriver

turanen n the Patamona word for a hot pepper tkenan n 1) desert, a place where not many
drink, used by persons suffering from hernia or people live 2) a lonely place
internal growth or from amariwakaim
tkenap n alone; a lonely place; a place apart
turen n a variety of water snake from a crowd
turima n 1) a type of disease in general; sent by tkotonpire nom a faint yellow colour; the
a piyai'san to curse another piyai'san; usually a colour of grated cassava (before cooking) that
communicable disease like abcesses or diarhea, signifies it will be good-tasting
etc. 2) abcess
tkotonpiren nom the colour orange
tur (var: tur) n 1) (non-possessed) cowfly
Tabanus sp. 2) a green biting fly
tkuse vt save, reserve Awanapair tkuse.
Save it for tomorrow.
turunka var. of turunpa
tkima (var: tkitkima) vt shake, as
turunpa (var: turunka) vt play an instrument
in liquids Kasiri tkimap uya. I shook the
Guitar turunpap uya. I played the guitar. casiri.
turupe vi paddle tkitkima var. of tkima

tur var. of tur n a variety of fly tkuka (var: tkuka; var: takauka) vt 1)
tuwari n a runaway, a person running away from shake Remona ye takaukwak. Shake the
home lemon tree. 2) shake a tree to harvest fruit
Remona ye tkukwap uya. I shook the
tuwenkaron n female water spirit
lemon tree.
tuwi n bump or lump under the skin pink tuwi tkuka var. of tkuka
pig's lump - a lump under a person's skin from contact
with a wild pig yi tuwi tree's lump - a knot in the tkutku vt make something sway or swing
wood of a tree back and forth Yi tkutkuma iya. It (the
wind) is swaying the tree.
t var. of tr1
tmenen n jaguar Felis niger
t- (var: tu-; var: t-) his own t- n- wn -p
what he has killed for himself tmenukenan nom colourful one, the male of
t-...-i (var: t-...-se; var: t-...-san) a third- the male-female bird pair syn: akoruwan 2 ;
person prefix and suffix combination that cf: menu pn .
changes a verb into an adjective t-uka-i Tmon 1) nprop the name given to the
saying t-koman -se-n the one staying constellation Pleiades, named after a mythical
t-...-san var. of t-...-i figure 2) n the season from June to August;
usually dry cal: iwankan 1, toron kan,
t-...-se var. of t-...-i
Tmon 2, wipiya 2 ; syn: imnp 2 .
ti n (non-possessed) savannah Inpaima ti tm vt 1) beat, pound Aiya tm uya. I am
Inpaima ti opp: yu 1 . beating the hayari. 2) poison,using haiya root in
tka vt kill Saul esip Sises ese pokon kon river water to float fish to catch with a net Mr
tkapnin pe. Saul was one who persecuted atai moro am tmp to uya. At that
those belonging to Jesus. time, they poisoned fish. Tuke pe moro am

netmi? Did you catch many fish by poisoning wak itekare eta teporimai. Other people
them? 3) make one shake Upun tm iya. It who listen to his good news (or, listen well to his
words) are happy. 2) next
(the sickness) makes my flesh shake.
tn n 1) someone gentle Tnpan iyesi. She is tr1 (var: t) vt 1) put 2) place To uya itap
gentle. 2) someone humble syn: sape . anmp si eripoi pona to uya itrp.
He took their footprints and placed them in the pot. 3)
tnakri var. of tunakiri set, as in setting fishing poles for catching fish
tn (cf: ttika) vt stop something from T hiskonsi tpsena itaanp si utp.
Her husband went to set his fishing hooks.
happening
etn (der.) 1) vi stilled 2) vr calmed etr (der.) vr given
tpipkenan (der. of pip) nom with scales, tr2 (cf: ) vt 1) give Bible itk. Give us the
referring to a group of fishes Aruwai esi moro Bible. 2) lend Krkr itk. Lend (me) (your)
file.
tpipkenan. Aruwai is a fish with scales. spec:
trka var. of trnka
wara; spec: morau; spec: korwa 1; spec:
uri; spec: aruwai; gen: moro. trkwa vt 1) break out asisa kon iw pe
tppiren nom the colour brown tesen trkwap to uya. They (the
earthquakes) broke open the prison. 2) tear down
tpo postp after Mr tpo, . . .. Afterwards, . . .. Uyapuruui iw trkwa uya ser. I'll tear
down my storage building.
Tpoken pai nprop the name given to a
place along the Mazaruni River between Jawalla trnka (var: trka) vt chase Usari
and Imbaimadai trnkap iya. He (a dog; not a hunter) chased a
tpk nom ending; something with an end; deer.
something that will stop being or happening trpn2 n a short variety of banana
tpreporon nom someone stout in stature, a
trpn1 (cf: kanetai) n (non-possessed)
short person
earthquake
Tramen nprop the name given to famous rock
trpp n (non-possessed) a variety of cassava
paintings near Maipuri Falls; Timehri
with red skin under the peel of the tuber
tranpa n trap used to catch birds Tranpa ya
ttorire (var: ttoriwa; var: ttoriwaren)
toron ewnsa esip. The bird was caught in a something purple, blue, or pink
bird trap.
ttoriwa var. of ttorire
trapisi (poss: trapisii) n sugar cane
ttoriwaren var. of ttorire
squeezer; used together with a yaina cf: teki 1 ;
low stat: yaina . tti (var: ttipan) (cf: epana) nom 1)
someone or something silent Tti pe urisan
trawaso (poss: trawasooi) n assigned
work, work one is employed to perform esip. The girl was silent. 2) someone quiet
Tti pe iyesi. He is quiet. opp: panaka .
etrawaso (der.) vr work
ttika (cf: tn) vt stop something from
tron 1) another tron kon kapon am uya
happening

ettika (der.) vr 1) stopped 2) calm tusemsen (der. of usemnk) n diver,

one who goes underwater for the purpose of
ttipan var. of tti nom someone silent
mining Tusemsen pe iyesi. He is a diver.
-tu you all, used with verbs as a command to
twenkaron n mermaid
more than one person Kusintu! Don't you all
shake (with fear)!
two var. of two n a variety of bird
Uu
u (poss: yu) (cf: preti; cf: yu; cf: eki 2) n Iktap. It became stinky. dev: akra 1,
cassava bread akp, isaramenu, isuweyu, ukta.
u- (var: uy-) (cf: ur) 1) I, first person verb prefix ukomam 1) vi stay, remain Ikomamp. He
2) me, first person verb prefix Upokap iya. stayed. 2) vi
live 3) nom late in the day; a late
He shot me. 3) my, first person noun prefix u- time Pata ukomam. It's late. opp:
mariya -r my cutlass awanaki ; syn: ewarumam 1 .
-ui var. of -i2 ukururum vi growl, as in that of a dog
uisi n a variety of tree from which bark is peeled ukwip vt cook by boiling To yo oton
to make straps for back packs and smaller ikipkak. Cook their meat. (command for one
pieces as ties across the open side of same uisi person)
pip the bark from the uisi tree uisi ye the uisi uma2 vi rise, as in the level of a river Tuna
tree
umasa. The river has risen. opp: apa1 1 .
uka speak Epana pe ukayai. I am speaking
uma var. of umat
softly.
uma1 (poss: ipa uma) n a variety of fruit
ukaram2 vi be or become rusty Ukonsi
similar to but smaller than the sapadilla; also
ukaransa. My fish hook became rusty.
smelly, but sweet gen: ipa 1 .
ukaram1 vi cry To ukaramp. They cried.
umainta vi be or become silent because you are
syn: entaime . sad
ukipam vi be or become old Asar r mar umanum vi dance To umanum. They are
to ukipansa esip. The two of them were old. dancing.
ukpnm vi shout, cry out Paul umanunpa (der.) vt dance

ukpnnptp Paul was crying out. umanunpa (der. of umanum) vt dance with
someone; referring to the western style dancing
ukrt vi paddle Mrpan enukup kanau
and not the Alleluia tradition Tanporon kon
yau iyukrtp. So he went up-river in a
to umanunpap iya. He danced with them all.
canoe, he paddled.
ukta (der. of k) vi be or become stinky umat (var: uma) vi 1) end Mr kasa

piyaima am air umatp. It was just like upnm vi swim Ina upnmp plastic
that that the giants came to an end. 2) last Unp kan kanau konekato pe. We swam with a
nin si esip to umakap pe plastic canoe we made.
iyesanmp kanau ya. The mouse was the upokoita (der. of pokoi) vi make sad
last one to jump into the canoe.
Epokoimayai awakari anomasa uya ke. I
um (cf: mainar) n farm Um ipotk. Burn am sorry I lost your axe.
the farm. uputkank var. of putkanp vt forget
umoronkap vr rest, relax Umoronkap esi. I something
am resting. uputkap vi forget To uputkap. They
umotaika vt make proud forgot.
emotaika (der.) vr proud upromerum (cf: poropo 2) vi breathing

fast, after walking, running or working hard
umuta vt 1) bear children tumutato kon pe
urami2 n a variety of plant with flowers that put
ones having children 2) give birth 3) procreate
out little orange petals in a ball shape, edible
umi (cf: tamo) n 1) father, direct address 2)
urami1 n (non-possessed) a variety of bird that
one's mother's brother, direct address 3) father-
in-law, direct address mocks other birds, small, yellow breast and
black
una vt inhale, but only in reference to smoking
urana n (non-possessed) labba Coelogenys paco
tobacco Tam unap iya. He smoked tobacco.
urapa (poss: aurapaai) (cf: arakapsa) n 1)
unaika vt discover, uncover Iyunaikap to
bow urapa ewa bowstring low stat: mapuru 2 .
uya. They discovered it.
2) a general term for any weapon
unat vt bury To uya enpakap iyunati. urari (poss: urarii) n 1) a variety of vine,
They carried (him) out and buried him. syn: bearing a type of fruit 2) a type of poison made
annk . from the urari vine, used on dart tips for hunting
unp (var: munp) n (non-possessed) a variety urari n (non-possessed) a variety of large rat
of mouse or rat Muridae with a white belly, edible
untman var. of ontman urayanta n world, the earth, Areruya word,
possibly Makushi or Patamona syn:
upaka vi wake up To upakap. They woke up.
inonkiran, or 1 .
enpaka (der.) vt waken
urenpam vr flash, with lightning or a glowing
upayun be or become married cf: payunu . stick waving around syn: eweuweuma .
upi n (non-possessed) dandruff uri n (non-possessed) a variety of fish, hourie fish
upinim (der. of pininpa) vi walk To Hoplias malabaricus gen: tpipkenan .
upinim. They are walking. (Usually, strolling, with Uri paru nprop 1) the name given to a small
no end or purpose.) creek to the left topside of Jawalla 2) the name
upirorm vi scream Ina upirorm. We are given to a small creek near Kanparu village
screaming. urin (poss: urimu) n a variety of underwater

grass usakorota vi be or become vexed

Urintw nprop Orinduk, the name given to Isakorotap. He became vexed. syn: esma .
Orinduk Falls, from which the English name is
derived usapiyekwa vi be or become impatient Sises
urisan (poss: urisamo) n 1) girl 2) young Krai uya enpoikato pe tikinan pa tnn
woman 3) any female p, tusapiyekwai pen ur p to makup
uriya postp 1) because of, for the reason of p. Jesus Christ might display his perfect patience
for me, the worst of sinners.
King am raki to uya ematto oton
kon ur uriya. They will bring you before kings usari n (non-possessed) a variety of large bush
because of me. 2) in place of
deer Mazama americana
ur (cf: u-) pron 1) I 2) me 3) my Usari pai nprop the name given to a small creek
on the Upper Mazaruni River about 1000 feet
uruma n 1) (non-possessed) seed, the size of a down-river from the Kukui River mouth
cricket ball, that opens up like a tulip flower 2) usariwara n (non-possessed) a variety of tiger
a variety of plant with broad leaves and big fruit
that birds eat that is brown like a deer but with black stripes
down its back
uruma1 var. of urup1
Usariwara nprop the name of the village located
uruma2 n a variety of tree with nut-like flowers at the mouth of the Kukui River; Jawalla; a
uruma e the uru'ma tree specific place near the mouth of the Parupa
creek, near the Kukui mouth, for which the
urumrp n ash village is named
urupere (var: erupere) n 1) (non-possessed) Usariwara pai nprop the original pronunciation
dragon 2) a man in a mythical story who dresses of the area around Kukui mouth, named for the
up as a dragon bay (pai) on the Kukui River near its mouth; the
name given to the area behind present-day
urup2 n an illness with indications of burning Jawalla village, Kukui mouth
skin and insides
usar (der. of ar) vi walk Isarp. He walked.
urup1 (var: uruma1) n 1) a variety of tree with Tusasen n. He is a walker.
red seeds that burn like red pepper and are
probably poisonous Iyurumasena iyeep usauro var. of usauroko
mr, urup ke. He came to poison him with urub. usauroko (var usaurok; var usauro) (der. of
2) a type of poison from the red seeds of the auroko) vr speak Usaurokop. I spoke.
urub tree
Ansauropai. I want to speak.
urutuim n a variety of bird
usaurok var. of usauroko
uruwai (poss: uruwasii) n 1) grave To
useekwa (der. of eekwa) vr leak of its own
utp uruwai pona. They went to the grave. 2)
accord ut useekwa. The house (roof) leaks. cf:
tomb
utamuku.
usaka vr be or become stirred to cause trouble
useka vr be or become served tron n p en
usakarata vi be or become fermented Kasiri
atai usekan n p r (in order) for us to be
usakaratap. The cassava drink fermented. serving others

usekama (der. of ekama) 1) vi confess 2) vr usemo vi look for food, as hummingbirds and
tell about oneself pigs do, with their snouts; not referring to people
usekamapo (der. of ekamapo) vr be asked looking for food Isemop. It rooted (looked for
food).
questions Mrpan arp to uya usekamapo
p nto iw piyapai. And they took him from usemoka (der. of emoka, see under moka)
the house of questioning/courthouse. vr grow, referring to people or plants
anapurn kon n usemoka p miyar r
usekam vr share among each other Amre pe
you are growing more in what you all believe
pra to usekamp. Without selfishness they
usemk vi 1) flood Ina pata usemkp
shared among each other.
tanporo. Our whole place flooded. 2) be or
usekaret (der. of ekaret) vr blow a horn
become submerged, to go underwater, after
Isekaretp. He blew a horn. already being partly in the water Wana
useketa vr be or become withered usemkp. The (floating) grass went
useketuka vr tired underwater. opp: usenpo 2 . 3) swamp; for a

boat to fill up with water
usekwat (der. of ekwat) vr echoed
usemnk vr dive underwater Camel
usema (der. of ema1) 1) vr take revenge To usemnpt, iyknta kr r p. The camel
usemap. They took revenge. 2) vi sacrifice dove, being mad with him.
Isemap. He made a sacrifice. useman tusemsen (der.) n diver
trawasomanin priest (one who works with
usena (der. of ena1) vr shop
sacrifices)
usema vi prolific, having many babies in short usenaika (var useneka) (der. of enaika)
succession 1) vr cough syn: etoretorema. 2) vt cough
usemaika vt pack up one's things Mn pe isenaikap iya. S/He coughed up

blood.
useme (der. of eme) vi 1) warped, as in lumber
usenaik var. of usennaaik
Isemesa. It is warped. 2) crippled, unable to
walk from Luke usenaripa (der. of enaripa) vr be or become
usemenut (der. of emenut) vr paint oneself scared Kapon am uya twn kon tukai
with annato dye, a traditional practice of the to usenaripap. They became afraid that
Akawayo Amerindians Mr ke to people would kill them.
usemenut. They painted themselves with it. usenatuka var. of usenetuka
usemiyak vr wash one's own hands usene (der. of ene2) vr be or become seen
tusensen pen something that can't be seen,
usemiyat vr grow arms or hands, as a tadpole
invisible Wanamari yau usenk. See you(rself)
turning into a frog r pe yesa?
in the mirror.
usemiyatsa! What happened to you? You have
grown arms!
useneka var. of usenaika
usemiyawa vi be or become lucky when trying usenetuka (var: usenatuka) vi breathe

something for the first time Isenetuka pra moro enap. The fish

couldn't breathe.
usenpataukwa1 vi preach Isenpataukwap.
usenkt (der. of enknk) vi go out, He preached.
become extinguished, as in a fire Apo usenpo (der. of enpo) vi 1) be or become
usenktp. The fire went out. floating Isenpokasa. It is floating. 2) be or
usenna (der. of enna3) 1) vr ask for oneself; be become out of water from being submerged opp:
usemk 2.
asking tanporon kon pona r tusennasen
pe be about asking/praying for all people 2) vi pray usenpoika (der. of enpoika) vi be or become
3) vi beg known Eke pukena usenpoikasa man
usennaaik (var usenaik) (der. of ukorotanokon! A big prophet has been made
ennaaik) vr sniff known to us!
usensima (der. of ensima) vr 1) change

usennaipn (der. of ennaipn) vr perform
a ritual on oneself, to apply a bina or traditional oneself Tanporo pip isensimasa aimorun
herbal medicine Isennaipnp. He did a ritual ton pe. All his skin was changed to a white color.
on himself (to apply a bina). tusensimasen pen n cannot be changed 2)
usennaisika var. of ennasika change for oneself
usennaka vi 1) play usennakan nto a game to usentaka (der. of entaka1) vi be or become

passed up, passed by
play 2) work
lightly 3) tease 4) pretend
Tapuruui ent nin tutkap itese rkw usentuma (der. of entuma) vi have pity,
r isenakaptp. She would pack her things and show pity p usentuma. I have pity for you. Ina
pretend to go somewhere. p usentumak! You have pity on us!
usennamo (der. of ennamo) vi fall down so usenumerema vr be or become unknowing
as to injure one's nose Mre usennamop. sosi epuru usenumeremap mr the
The child fell and hit his nose. church leaders didn't know about it
usennasika (der. of ennasika) 1) vr fall into usenuminka (der. of enuminka) vr think for
water Tuna ka isennasikap. He fell into the oneself, study Mr p isenuminkap. He
water (by himself/by accident). 2) vi dive into the considered that for himself.
water from a high place, being totally out of the
water to begin with 3) vr submerge; to go usenupa (der. of enupa) 1) vi be or become
underwater taught, be or become learned 2) vr teach oneself
usennasika vi sneeze Isenasikap. He usenut (var: usenut) vi hurry
sneezed. Usenutnpainokon. Let's all hurry.
usennasirimo vi choke on fluid going down usenut var. of usenut
into the trachea Usennasirimop tuna ka. I
usepikoma (der. of epikoma) vr to give
choked on water.
oneself a ritual to be a better hunter, for
usenpataukwa2 (der. of enpataukwa) 1) vr example Isepikomap. He gave himself a ritual.
wash oneself, wash one's face 2) vi be or
become baptised Isenpataukwap. He was usepit (der. of epit, see under pit) vr be
baptised. syn: useuranka. or become healed syn: utopam.

useremuku vi fall Mrpan useremukup usewansiukwa vi be or become amazed or

irau. And he fell before him. surprised Mr atai to usewansiukwap
userenka (der. of erenka) vr sing To merunt pe isauroko p. At that time, they were
amazed with his strong speech.
userenkap. They sang.
usewat (der. of ewat) vi 1) be or become
useruma (der. of eruma) vr fast for oneself
tied up, usually referring to tying up one's
Iserumap. He fasted. hammock Mrpan usewatp sunwa tiw
usesak (der. of esak) vi be or become called tepose. She tied up (her hammock) far from her
or named mr umre usesato oton house. 2) build, especially the tying involved in
pukena Papa iwano tukai. You, my child, will building a traditional trash roof house Tron
be called one of God's prophets. kon iw usewatsa. You built other's house.
useset (der. of eset, see under ese) vr syn: am.
name oneself Isesetp r. He named himself. usika (der. of ika) vr be or become itchy
useset (der. of eset) 1) vi steady Iseset usikima (der. of ikima) vr be or become
pra iyesi. It is not steady./It can't stand up. 2) vr shaken
able to stand up 3) vr control oneself usikrpt vr be or become cramped
useta n sound Main useta tpo, to uya Sises usikura (der. of ikura) vr paddle Ina
enep tikin sar. After the word's sound was uyeekaap tusikurai. We came again,
heard, they saw Jesus alone. paddling.
usetaka (var usetak) (der. of etaka) vi 1) be usiminam vi play
or become physically tired 2) be or become
weary or tired Usetakap. I was disgusted. usin var. of usink
usetak var. of usetaka usink (var: usinp; var: usin) vi

shake with fright Ipan pe r usinkp. They
usetank (der. of etank) vr be or become
shook badly (with fright).
ill by eating something forbidden
Isetankp. He became ill by eating something usinnka (der. of innka) 1) vi be or become
forbidden. loved usinnkat! You two (or more) must love!
usetuma vr twitch syn: ektktma . 2) vr love each other 3) vr love oneself
usinp var. of usink
useuranka vr be or become baptised syn:
usenpataukwa2 2 . usipo vi be stung Usipop. I was stung.
usewankama vi worry To usewankama. esipo (der.) vr sting oneself

They worry. isiponin (der.) n stinger
usewankonoma vi 1) be or become worried, usiptt (der. of iprt) vr be or become
troubled 2) be or become offended adorned, decorate onself
usewanoman n (non-possessed) battle usitank vi growing poorly Mrpan uya
usewansiriukwa vi 1) be or become shocked usitankp. And then they were not growing
or dismayed 2) be or become dizzy healthy.

usit2 vi pack doing something

utakama vi be or become confused Era ipai
usit1 vi be or become tangled Sina usitp.
The bush rope became tangled.
utakamap. Herod's head was confused.
usitu (der. of itu) 1) vr know for oneself utakarut (var: utakwart) vi be or

Usitup. I knew that for myself. usitupn become filled Kr r utakarutp Papa
practise/I'm trying. 2) vi try Kapon usitup Akawar ke. She was filled with God's Spirit.
apt ise. The man tried to touch/reach him. utakitikwa (der. of akitikwa) vr become
usn vi engage in sexual intercourse Usnpai. broken Kr t pona itamokasa
Let's have sex. utakitikwa mr ipra r tutasikri.
usnka (der. of nka) vi be or become stretched Whoever falls on the rock will become broken so that
nothing can be picked up.
or elongated Isnkap. It became stretched.
utakr vi 1) laugh To utakrp. They
usur vi sport, be more active, look for sexual laughed. 2) smile
partners Sinau am usurp si. The chinau utakoka (der. of akoka) vr be in an open state
toads were sporting.
or to become open Ekamapo uya yewan
usuta vi urinate Isutap. He urinated. kon utakokato pe iweyu ene pa. I ask that
usuwaikta vi be or become spoiled, your hearts be open so that you see the light.
especially meat or stew utakut vr be or become fulfilled Wak pe

utaikwa vi feel the burning sensation of hot kuru wesi mr apur auya p Papa Maimu
pepper in one's mouth piya iyesa rp utakut yau. It is very
utaimerunpa (der. of aimerunpa) 1) vi be or good that you believe what God's Word says about
become restless 2) vi itch 3) vi writhe, you will be fulfilled.
especially in pain To utaimerunpap. They utakma vr be or become held back etane r

writhed in pain. 4) vr be or become pained Soisa itakma p tesen uya r itakma kapon
am utaimerunpap ipan pe r. The soldiers am uya r Papa ewanoma namai but
became very worried. something is holding him back so that people cannot
hate God. . ..
utaipo vr be or become confused
utakwaka vi be or become bright Pata
utaka vi be or become bubbly, as in cassava
utakwakap. The place became bright.
drink as it ferments eki utakasa the foam from
cassava drink as it ferments utakwar vr be or become spirited itakwar
utakama 1) vi leaving something undone 2) vi pra iyesip. He was without a spirit/He became
take the lesser one, the less perfect one, the mentally retarded.
rotten piece Iwarka utakamap. The monkey utakwarka vr 1) be or become depressed 2)

got the leftovers. 3) vi failed to do what you taken by force Tutakwarkai pra to
hoped to do Um utamakasa man. The farm
esip. They did not use force.
failed to burn properly. 4) vr be or become
prevented from doing something Utakamasa. I utakwart var. of utakarut
was prevented from it. 5) vr prevent oneself from utama (der. of ama1) vr move oneself; move

something for one's own benefit Autamak. utapnpt.. My calf is cramped.

Move yourself.
utapok vi 1) fall Mr atai itenu si
utamo vi get bigger "Po!" itamokaap asa ekwap itenu apai moro pip kasa r r
itekwa. "Pok!" she got bigger a second time. nawon utapokp. Something like fish scales
utamoka vi 1) fall Mrpan tron n ton fell from his eyes. 2) drop
utamokap t pona. And then others fell utaponaka vr apply something sweet smelling
among rocks. 2) to lose a baby by spontaneous on the skin
abortion, by no fault of anyone 3) backslide, to
fall back into sin after leaving a life of sin
utapuiman n a skin rash and other symptoms
from seeing someone returning from work; the
utamokoro (der. of amokoro) vr 1) wrestle returning person can blow on you - not taren -
each other To utamokoroptp tuna kau. and you will feel better
They wrestled each other in the water. 2) wrestle utapur (der. of apur1) vr 1) brag pnokon
oneself
kuru r tutapur kon pe Papa munk am
utamorka (var imo1) (der. of amorka) vr
auroka p ina esi. it is really about you all that
be thrown down tanporo r itamorkato we are bragging when we talk to God's children. 2)
oton everything will be thrown down Se kasakra believe in oneself
utamorkanin. This calabash will be thrown utaranka (der. of aranka) vi be or become
down. untied mr tpo to auronpto to uya ke
utamuku (cf: ) vi enter Tuna utamuku kanau utarankaptp. And so the things with which
ya. Water is entering into the canoe. cf: they were tied became untied.
useekwa . utaret (der. of aret) vr feed oneself opp:

apka.
utamrit vt smoke tobacco
utanoma (der. of anoma) 1) vr lose oneself utarka vi vomit
Mrpan p itanomaptp, asanta utasi (der. of asi) 1) vr be or become held To
anomaptp iya. And he became lost, he lost tonpa ton esip iyekwpsa ton paranka
the path. 2) vi be or become lost 3) vi be or ton p tutasipse Their partners were holding
become mad, insane onto broken pieces of boards. 2) vi shake hands as
utanpokma (der. of anpokma) vr bother or in a greeting semiyat p to utasip. They
trouble oneself Katanpokomai. Don't be shook hands.
bothered. utasikr vi be or become crushed

utanm (der. of anm1) 1) vr select for utasisa n stain, something holding on to
oneself 2) vi be or become selected Itonpa ton something else
uya annsa esip tutannto kon eseru
utasit vi form a line To utasitsa. They
yau. His colleagues were choosing as was their formed a line.
custom to be selected from among themselves. 3) vi
be or become lifted up utasoka vr commit suicide, kill oneself
utaperka vi show off utasoka (der. of asoka) vi be or become

stabbed
utapnpt vr be or become cramped Uwisi

utasuka (der. of asuka) 1) vi be or become Sises ekareei si utp m awr r Judea

kissed 2) vr kiss each other To utasukap. poro. The word (about) Jesus spread all throughout
They kissed. syn: epeisuka. Judea. 3) fall as a tree in the woods Yi utsa.
A tree just fell.
utasukan (der. of utasuka, see under
utrinka vt roll
asuka) n a kiss
utopam (der. of opam) vr recover, regain
utatmuruku (var: utatumuruku) vi to
one's health, feel better again after an illness
experience an uncontrollable jerk or pain in
one's side that is a sign that what one is thinking mre utopam pe pe nai? Is your child
of will never happen recovering? syn: usepit.
utatmuruna (der.) n jerk utu n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of wood ant 2)
utatmuruna (der. of utatmuruku) n an wood ant nest found in many tree tops
inadvertant jerk or stab of pain in one's side Utu nprop the name given to a creek (where?)
utatuma2 (der. of atuma1) vi 1) push off Utuk Awen nprop the name given to a large bay
from shore To nin si utatumakaap. They along the Upper Mazaruni river, down-river from
pushed off again. 2) float the Kukui mouth
utatuma1 (der. of atuma2) vr be or become utunta vi go home syn: ennapo .
worse Uyenet utatumasa man. My illness uturum vi 1) crow or make another variety of
is getting worse.
bird noise Wairarim esip tuturunsen
utatumuruku var. of utatmuruku
bell kasa. Wairarim was making the sound of a
utaukwrka vr lose one's tail, as happens to bell. 2) whistle 3) sing
a tadpole as he turns into a frog r pe yesa? uwi n farine

Autaukwrkasa! What happened to you? You
uy- var. of u-
have lost your tail!
uya postp 1) Agent marker for transitive verb
utausinpa (der. of ausin) vr be or become
phrases; acts as a postposition in a passive
excited
translation, as in, "The dishes were washed by
utawasirunpa vr befriend, especially between me." Parapi ton koruka uya. I am washing
a boy and a girl wares. 2) I, as subject of a transitive sentence
uteramire n (non-possessed) the hue of a Pon ton utukunapt uya. I am washing

mountain from a distance through the haze clothes.
utereta vr blood clotting on one's skin Mn auya you-subj

uteretasa man. The blood has clotted. iya he, she, it-subj
ut vi 1) come down Tparusi ton nutp iya uyawasiri var. of uyawasir
non pona. He took his sisters down under the uyawasir (var: uyawasiri) to be or become
ground (into a shelter). 2) get
off 3) go down 4)
married
drift down-river
uyee var. of uyep
ut vi 1) go Shop ta ut mr. I will go/am going to
the shop. cf: enta 1 . 2) spread, as an idiom uyepu vi be or become burned Apo yau

uyepusa. I was burned in the fire. pe," tap Sir uya. Sir said, "You all must come."
uyep (var: uyee) vi 1) come "uyeto kon To uyeto oton they are the ones to come Tuna
uyep. Rain is coming. cf: sip . 2) arrive

-i var. of -i2
Ww
wa (poss: we) (cf: wasema) n excreta paka Waika var. of Waika
we cow excreta Waika (var: Waika) nprop the name given to a
wa euta large intestine, including the anus, or place near Kuru'pun Waika ta ut ser. I'm
"feces hole" going to Waika'.
Wa paru nprop the name given to a creek along waikanaim n a variety of giant deer
the path between Pipiri pai and Amoko kupai
waikarap (poss: awaikarapi) n 1) a woven
wa yen toilet, outhouse or hole for depositing basket or quake 2) the pattern of weaving used
human waste to make a basket or quake
waainkurai n Adam's apple Waikata nprop the name given to a settlement
waamori var. of wayamori waiken n a variety of reindeer, savannah deer
Cariacus savannarum
wai4 n 1) ite palm tree 2) the fruit of the ite palm
tree waiku (poss: awaikuru) n traditional red cloth
worn around the waist by men and older boys
wai3 n 1) throat syn: esen . 2) trachea; the
syn: kamisa, saro2, kareku .
windpipe, including the voice box
wai2 (poss: awaai1) (cf: ppu 2; cf: rikarika) n waimasa2 n a variety of plant - What kind?
a musical instrument important to the Alleluia waimasa1 n (non-possessed) a variety of lizard
tradition Lacertilia
wai1 (poss: awaai2) n 1) container or any object waime n (non-possessed) millipede
designed to hold liquid 2) calabash
waipa n (non-possessed) a type of round house
-wai (var: -wi) first person; I, myself; used to
with thatched roof, indigenous to the Akawayo,
show emphasis Kareta yapisipwai, Papa. It is usually with one central post syn: tukusipan ;
really me receiving the paper, God.
cf: inp 1 .
waika n 1) (non-possessed) coast 2) a place of a
relatively middle distance away from one
waira n bush cow syn: kuyunkuyun,

kataipa, maipuri . wakau n (non-possessed) butterfly, a general

waira n penis syn: yun . term Rhopalocera
wakawa1 (poss: awakawak) n 1) traditional
Waira Peyakr rp nprop the name given
backpack, three-sided and enclosed 2) purse
to a landing along the Upper Mazaruni River,
above Imbaimadai, meaning 'bush cow landing' wakawa2 n 1) a variety of tree from which inner
Wairamap nprop the name given to an area bark is peeled for use as head and shoulder
straps on back packs 2) a variety of vine
up the Kako River from Kako village
wakowa n (non-possessed) a variety of bird, a
wairarim n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of
dove Columba speciosa
large tiger; usually in fictional stories 2) lion 3)
animal with horns, bigger than a cow wak nom 1) someone or something good Wak
wairawo (cf: akarasa; cf: maipa; cf: kuran; pe urisan esi. The girl is good. opp: ri 2 . 2)
cf: poro1) n a variety of fruit tree, waiti someone or something perfect 3) someone or
something quiet 4) someone or something
waisoro n (non-possessed) a variety of sparrow; peaceful 5) someone or something clean opp: ri
small, black and white, river skimmer Hirundo 1 . 6) someone or something beautiful 7)
erythrogaster
something or someone holy Wak Akwar the
waitamera n a variety of bird, swallow puff Holy Spirit
bird Chelidoptero tenebrosa
wakt vt 1) shield Uwaksa yi uya. The
waito 1) the shape of a woodskin canoe Waito tree stopped me (by falling in front of me).
pe iw esi. Your house is the shape of a Uwakkasena. I'm stopping you (to take
woodskin canoe. 2) inside surface of a container passage on your boat). 2) stop 3) block Tukan n
iwaitopan his interior
epopsa uya man wakpnin. Plenty
waitururu n funnel, often made from calabash people I find who block me (from going). 4) divide
ewakt (der.) vr shield

waitt n (non-possessed) a variety of bird
well-known for its song wakwama (poss: awakwamai) n 1) a variety
Waitt yen nprop the name given to a of vine 2) a variety of natural rope from the vine
settlement where the Hunters' ancestor was of the same name, used in tying down a thatch
raised; about six miles from Ipana'muru pai roof, also called nibi gen: nipi 2 .
waiyo (var: waiyopan; poss: awaiyori) (cf: wan nom someone hungry Iwan pe iyesi. He is
inene) n salt hungry. opp: tare .
waiyopan var. of waiyo wana n a variety of tree, often cut and used as a
waka (poss: awakari) n axe walking stick wana ye the wana tree
wakapu n the supporting posts of a house wana (poss: awanapu) n 1) grass, a general
term 2) weed, a general term
wakapun something made of metal, steel, or
cast iron
wanamari (var: waramari; poss:
awanamarii) n 1) mirror Wanamari
wakata n a variety of bird, same as kuyapo',
ekwpsa. The glass/mirror broke. 2) glass
toucan syn: kuyapo .

wanapu n a general term for weeds wapiro n carrying case for carrying multiple
numbers of cassava bread cakes together syn:
wanapim n (non-possessed) a variety of
peipan 2 .
lemon grass Cymbogea citratus
Wapisana var. of Wapiyana
wanawana n a variety of wasp that lives in the
ground and has a reddish back Wanawana uya wapiya 1) conj before ina uya teporo kon
tur anp. The wasp ate the fly. wapiya before we find them 2) adv first
Wanawon nprop 1) the name of a settlement on Wapiyana (var: Wapisana) nprop 1) a

the Kukui river; boundary between Jawalla and Wapishana person 2) the Wapishana tribe of
Pipiri pai 2) the name given the creek near the amereindians in Guyana and Brasil
same settlement
wapiyaro n 1) (non-possessed) first one
wanmra1 var. of wanpra wapiyaro kapon am ituto the first time
wanmra2 postp 1) behind someone, in back of people were counted 2) eldest member of a group,
such as siblings
someone iwanmra usauron talking behind
his/her back 2) ignorant,
without knowing about wapu (poss: awapu) (cf: ) n 1) shield 2)
something 3) unconsciously protector 3) covering 4) shelter 5) mediator
wann1 n abscess waput (der.) vt conceal
wann2 vi be, exist Epuru wann uyep, urt

ewaput (der.) 1) vr excuse 2) vi surrounded
kon, urt kon. (the one who is) A leader is
coming, welcome him, welcome him. syn: en 2, waput (der. of wapu) vt conceal Tmakooi
esi . waputp iya. He hid his wrong/sin.
wano (poss: awanoto) n drink, any kind of waprm vi come out from a pit or
drink depression Twaprm kon atai, . . .. When
wanpra (var: wanmra1) something forgotten they came out of a pit, . . ..
or left behind wanpra r itese utp. I went wara (cf: warakapuri) n (non-possessed) a
for something I'd forgotten. variety of large, scaled fish, yarrau
Hoplerythrimis unitaeniatus gen:
wansaraim n (non-possessed) preying mantis
tpipkenan .
wanteima n a type of intestinal disease;
wara2 n a variety of large catfish
gastroenteritis; diarrhea with abdominal pains
Brachyplatystoma filamente
wan n 1) aunt, direct address, in particular,
wara1 n soup made from the drippings from
one's father's sister or one's mother's brother's
squeezing the grated cassava
wife 2) mother-in-law, direct address indir add:
ewop . 3) mother's cousin, direct address warai (var: waraino) postp like, resembling
wanp (poss: anwanp) n nephew, to a Kapon am utp bell warai si arp to

female uya. The people went and they took something like
a bell with them. syn: kasa .
want vt bother, trouble Tw nesii tisa
kwantpai. Don't bother the teacher any waraika vt scratch Ipai waraikap iya. He
longer. scratched her head.

ewaraika (der.) vr scratch Upper Mazaruni River upriver from Jawalla

village on the right bank of the Mazaruni, near
waraino var. of warai the William farm landing
waraito (poss: awaraito) (cf: ese) n used by Wari ken nprop the name of a settlement near
to Pipiri pai, near the Donald family settlement
a male to refer to his female cousin and vice
versa; indirect address warik n a variety of sloth-like animal
warakapuri (cf: wara) n 1) young yarrau fish Warikwaim nprop the name given to a
2) a variety of fish, yarrau Hoplerythrimis settlement in the Jawalla District; bottom-side
unitaeniatus from A'piu pai, along the Upper Mazaruni River;
warakwa var. of warauka also a location above Inbaimadai (?); also a
location above Kako on the Kako River (?)
warama (poss: awarama) n eyebrow
warima n (non-possessed) a variety of tree from
warama sipo n brow hair which roofing slats are cut
waramari var. of wanamari warin1 (var: warinpa) n (non-possessed) search
waramatan n a variety of tree with yellow warin2 n a variety of vine used as a frame for
flowers back packs
warami n (non-possessed) a variety of bird, red warinpa (var iwa1) var. of warin1 1) vt look for
pigeon or search for Iwarinpap to uya. They
warami are a variety of palm tree searched for him. 2) n search
warisa (poss: awarisar) n traditional

warapari n a variety of tree
Akawayo backpack with three sides and a
warara n (non-possessed) a variety of turtle, bottom; filled and tied closed with string and
possibly only found in the Rupununi area strapped to one's back with shoulder and/or
head straps
warat joker, a person rarely serious Warat pe
warisim n a variety of anteater
iyesi. He is a joker.
warokoko n a variety of woodpecker
warau nom something open Warau pan
iyesip. It was open. warokopa n a basket mostly made to hold
poisoned darts
warauka (var: warakwa) vt 1) open
waroma n (non-possessed) a variety of fine
Iwarakwap uya. I opened it. syn: akoka . 2)
frog, edible, lives on land
spread out
waromap n (non-possessed) a variety of bitter
ewarauka (der.) vi opened
cassava
warauri n (non-possessed) a variety of waropai n a variety of ground provision or
swimming caterpillar tuber, similar to dasheen
warawo n 1) boy 2) young man 3) any male waruwa (poss: awaruwaai) n 1) a variety of
warepan n an variety of indigenous singing and tree, candlewood tree Parinari sp. 2) incense
from the candlewood tree 3) a substance from a
dancing
tree used to light a fire 4) a portable torch made
Wari nprop the name given to a creek on the with the same sap

wark n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of tree wayaka n (non-possessed) the mythological tree

bearing seeds, the nut of which is sweetly edible from which all plant seeds came Wayaka ye
2) a variety of nut from the same tree
nakap to uya. They cut down the wayaga tree.
wasa vt 1) mash Suruwa wasakap uya. I
wayakana n iguana Iguana iguana
mashed suruwa. syn: epa 2 . 2) crush 3) crush
with one's foot, stamp wayama ak n (non-possessed) a variety of
wasa n large intestine locust, often found on blood wood trees
Wayamore nprop the name given to a famous
wasema (cf: wa) n anus
Akawayo warrior
wasenaukwa vr wipe oneself after defecating wayamori (var: waamori) n (non-possessed)
wasiwiya n a variety of palm tree a variety of land turtle Geochelone denticulata
wata n a spirit stone, used by piyai'san or wayapaim n tuberculosis

shamans to discern spirits wayapiro n 1) a variety of vine that grows in the
watakon (cf: isakon) n companion; someone bush, used to weave opa and wari'sa 2) a variety
always near one, as a young child with his of bush 3) rope made from same 4) a variety of
mother palm tree Desmoncus
watakuran n a variety of tree, the leaves of wayara n (non-possessed) a variety of macaw

which are used to relieve cold symptoms Ara macas
watana n 1) a special type of weapon used in Wayara yen nprop the name given to a village
warfare in ages past 2) club along the Apau River
watapu n horn Watapu turunpap iya. He Wayarare nprop Wayarare, a mythological

figure, married to Sirikwai
blew the horn. cf: ret 1 .
wayaura n 1) (non-possessed) a variety of bird
watap (cf: patap) with a number of different songs 2) a variety of
wataut n (non-possessed) a variety of snake- vine that grows on the savannah
eating bird weine (poss: weinepu) n baby sling
wato n flint syn: kako . weit vt shine on something Kaat winpaino
watuwa n (non-possessed) a variety of tree that akwa uya to weitp. light from God shone on
is used for wood, not a hard wood them.
watrit vt put a wall around something eweit (der.) vi shine
wawa (cf: amai, aai, nono, kokoi) n aunt, wekupi (poss: wekupiri) n 1) a variety of tree
in particular, one's mother's sister or one's from which wall bark is taken, the paromali tree
father's brother's wife, direct reference indir 2) wall made from tree of same name
add: san 2 . Wekupi pai nprop the name given to a turn in
wawin n a variety of duck Sawa creek on which the John family farm is
located
wayaima vt wave yemiya wayaimak. Wave wekupirit vt put up traditional walling made
your hand.
from the bark of a certain tree

wemaimupa var. of maimupa werui n (non-possessed) a variety of small

sparrow bird with black body and white beak,
wen (var: wenturupaai) n stomach
tawa bird
wenai postp beside, with yewanomanin pen werusi n a variety of ground dove
esi yau wenaino pe iyesi. If he is not your Columbigallina passerini
enemy, he is beside/with you.
weruwe n 1) (non-possessed) housefly Musca
wenakan n 1) rectum 2) small intestine domestica 2) maggot, the larval stage of the
Wenamu nprop 1) the name given to a river housefly Mrpan ya weruwe emoikwasa
along the Guyana-Brasil border 2) the name erikp. And so, being infested with maggots, he
given to the village of Kai'kan, because it lies died
along the Wenamu River
wetum vt keep someone else awake
wenam (poss: wenantu) (cf: wenantu) n
ewetum (der.) vr stay awake
1) cassava bread 2) filler, something to go with
meat to make a more complete meal, includes weuweukwa vi flash, as in lightning Kamiri
rice, potato, provision, etc.
weuweukwap. The lightning flashed.
wenantu (poss: wenantu) (cf: wenam) n
cassava bread of someone weyu (poss: weyu) n 1) day cf: wi . 2) light
3) match; any stick with a light on the end of it
wenasi n eave of a house 4) candle
wenasokoi nom 1) upside down To sinkap win postp 1) through 2) by way of Panton ser
iya wenasokoi pe to ar rawr. He hung ur winon. This story (is told) by me. 3) behind,
them upside down and carried them that way. 2) when used with e'map 4) from Goliath Gath
inside out
winon tukai. Goliath, from Gath, as it was said.
wenturupaai var. of wen
winon (attrib.) n
wenuka vt disembowel, remove the guts of a
winki postp towards
living thing Usari am wenukap to uya.
They disembowelled the deer. winpai postp from Kaat winpaino akwa
wenup (poss: wenup) n 1) gut, intestines uya to weitp. Light from God shone (on)
iwenup mukup small intestine iwenup them.
epotorp large intestine 2) intestine wenup winon (attrib. of win) n

mukup / wenupsik the small intestine wiy n a variety of small insect that chirps in the
wenup epotorp the large intestine mid-day heat
werei (poss: wereei) n 1) skin sore syn: ere 1 wiyoika vt make an object curved in shape
. 2) blister Waya am wiyoikap uya. I made the wires
wereika (der. of wereita) vt make a blister, curved.
give someone a blister w var. of wn

wereita (var: writa) vi be or become blistered wnin (der. of wn) n killer
wereika (der.) vt blister wn (var: w) vt 1) hit ewpnsa injury 2) rap,

knock 3) kill Iwnp to uya. They killed him. He was getting sandy.
4) clap hands To emiya ton wptp to wsp (poss: yp) n 1) any type of bone cf:
uya. They clapped their hands. 5) kick 6) trick p . 2) traditional bone flute
Inwpai r iyeptp. He was wanting to trick wti n the leaf of a variety of plant, which can
him. 7) filled or covered
be applied to cure ground itch
ewn (der.) 1) vr hit 2) vi hit 3) vi fight
woi var. of poi
wnin (der.) n killer woiwoima vt spin
wsa (der.) n killed ewoiwoima (der.) vi spin
wprema var. of prema wokouwokouma (var: okouokouma) vt
wr n (non-possessed) a variety of white-backed shake, as in a tree, to bing down fruit
frog; makes a loud 'wuri' sound won1 (var: yon) (cf: pon1) n 1) wrapper 2) cover
wrika (var: wrima) vt stir Ikwarumosa 3) holder eki won a traditional way of bundling a
wrikap uya. I stirred the porridge. number of cassava cakes together
wrikaai (poss: wrikaai) n stirrer for stirring won2 postp around

porridge -won nominalizer, used on verbs to form a noun
wrima var. of wrika equivalent to the preceding noun phrase Ser
wriwri (poss: wriwri) (cf: kasiri kanan panton, se kasa tawon. This is another
story, this is how it is told.
wri, sokoisokoi) n a wooden beater used to
stir cassava drink as it cooks wonka (der. of ewom) vt open Tmasii
wriwrima vt stir Kasiri wriwrimap wonkap iya. He opened his matches.
uya. I stirred the cassava drink. wonoro var. of ono

wrkatari n a variety of ant that flies toward the wont vt 1) wrap, surround Iwontp iya
end of the Tmon season kareku ke. She wrapped him with a cloth. 2)
wrmai n 1) cousin, used by a female when provide with a cloth 3) dress 4) surround
addressing her female cousin indir add: eru 1 . wopa vt offer a drink Iwopap iya. He offered
2) sister-in-law, direct address among females, him a drink.
used by a husband's sister to address her wosi var. of osi1
husband's wife, and vicaversa indir add: eru 2
. wotori (poss: yotorii) n animal hunted for its
wrum n (non-possessed) a variety of thick meat, any type of mammal, bird, fish Uyotorii
grass, sometimes used by the Arekuna or other pra ennapopai pra esi p. I didn't want to
savannah inhabitants for thatching return without any meat.
wsa (der. of wn) n someone or something wotorit vt hunt for meat

killed
w (poss: wpu) n mountain opp: rmono 2 .
ws (poss: wspu) n sand
wi n (non-possessed) day cf: weyu 1 .
wsk a sandy place Wskpan iyeptp.

Wi nprop a name given to a deserted settlement up-and-down motion

near Ataro wkwa vt wave something on a stick Piyaima
-wi var. of -wai nosotop si wkwap iya. The old, female
giant waved it in the air on a stick.
wi ak n locust (lit: sun bee)
writa var. of wereita
wi enu n sun (lit: days eye)
wri (poss: wrsi) n 1) female cousin to a
Wi Mre var. of Kwin Mre male, indirect address 2) male cousin to a
female
wi pisi n sunlight, a ray of sunlight
wrka n a variety of snake
wikamatu n (non-possessed) a variety of
vanilla orchid (lit: the suns fire) wruka vt move To apon wrukap iya.
She moved their clothes.
wipiya n 1) (non-possessed) year 2) the
September through November dry season cal: ewrukwa (der.) vr move
iwankan 1, toron kan, Tmon 2, wipiya
wt n a variety of fruit with hard purple skin
2 . (lit: season of the sun) and large seed with grape-like pulp between;
also used as a building material Bryophyllum
wkuwkuma vt shake something in an
calycinum
Yy
other (key).
ya postp 1) in tunta apatase ya. You go home
in your place. sclr prop: ya 1, yau1, yapai . 2) yako (cf: ese) n 1) brother-in-law, direct address
with 2) cousin, direct address 3) a term used to claim
relation to the hearer; a loose claim at kinship
-ya (var: -a) present tense ut pe mituyan? Do with the hope of establishing rapport
you know you are going? Wak pe pe mean? yakon2 nom second Yakon itekwa pe esi piya
Are you well?
kanan ennapokanpai. The second time, they
yai2 n seizure come together again.
yai1 postp 1) through Yai iutsa. She is fainting. (?) yakon1 n 1) a woman's daughter, direct address 2)
2) by way of, via r tukai eikp iya? younger brother, to a male, direct address 3)
younger sister, to a female, direct address cf:
Panton yai eikp iya. How did he answer
asi1 .
him? He answered him by way of a story.
yaina n pole used with trapisi, to squeeze cane yapai postp from in Mrpan nin si pisikp
for juice high stat: trapisi . to uya um yapai tron n air iwsena.
And they dragged him from in the farm to another
yaipita vi yell, scream syn: kpnm . place to kill him. sclr prop: ya 1, yau1, yapai .
yakan n substitute, other, replacement kii ak, yapaima vt explore (?)
ki pra si yakan pe. Carry your key, there is no
yaranta n (non-possessed) valley

core of the abscess

yau2 conj if Iyesa pe iyesi yau, usakorota. If
he comes, I will be angry. yo2 var. of o
yau1 postp in Mr pata yau, soisa am epuru yokre n a variety of fish
esip. In that place, there was a leader of soldiers.
Yokre paru nprop the name given to the
sclr prop: ya 1, yau1, yapai . (attrib.: creek and falls along the trail between Pipiri pai
yawon) and Amoko kupai
yawon n yomari n a variety of banana
ye2 nom 1) a large group of people Ina kipn yon var. of won1
esip tpremasen ye pe. Our father was (part yoro n a variety of animal (?)
of) the group of praying people. 2) someone or
something worthy of the noun to which it is
yu n 1) (non-possessed) a general term for forest
attached Tpikatsen ye pe kuru pse r opp: ti . 2) bush, a section of the rain forest
that is no longer virgin
warawo esi. This man is our very great helper.
kasi ye a good liar yu (poss: wu) (cf: u) n any kind of food Paka
am yu yen yau iyesi. He is in a cow's manger
ye1 (var: e2) n 1) plant eki ye cassava plant 2)
(food trough).
tree kun ye the kun tree 3) stem of a plant 4)
trunk
yun (poss: yun) n penis syn: waira .
yen (var: en4; poss: yen) n 1) container 2) hole yi (poss: yi) n 1) tree, a general term 2) stick
syn: euta . 3) den 4) nest 5) cave 6) chorus 3) wood 4) cassava stick for planting Eki yi
eren yen the song's chorus iten its chorus syn: am pmp uya. I planted cassava sticks.
esemu2 . yi pana (non-possessed) general term for
enpp (der.) n 1) container 2) person mushroom
yi pip n 1) the bark of a tree 2) the inner bark
yiknpa n a variety of bird
of a tree made into a woodskin canoe 3) the
yo1 n hard core (of an abscess) wann yo the inner bark of a tree made into a trough used in
the kitchen for holding grated bitter cassava

English-Akawaio Index
Aa
abdomen menokoi n abdomen, stomach area against ewanoma 4 vi be or become against
of a person another person; isina postp against, as
abduct aprnpa 2 abduct speaking to someone about himself/herself but
not in the second person
abort enoma 3 vt cause one to have an abortion;
throw away one's pre-born baby; utamoka 2
agouti aku n agouti
vi to lose a baby by spontaneous abortion, by no Aipiripin Aipiripin nprop the name given to a
fault of anyone prophet in the Alleluia church
about ena 3 postp about; nane 1 adv about, airplane kurun kanawa airplane
similar; p 4 postp about Akawayo person kapon 3 n an Akawayo
above epoi postp above; nakapu 3 n something person
above Akawayo tribe kapon 4 n the Akawayo tribe
abscess amansa n abscess; wann1 n abscess Akupta Akupta nprop the name given to a
absence of explicit object n- absence of creek along the path between Pipiri pai and
explicit object Amoko kupai
accept anm1 5 vt accept; ekwat 1 vt alcoholic one mai1 4 nom something alcoholic
accept; sanoma1 4 vt accept and/or sweet in flavour, especially strong to
make one drunk
accident eparant vi to have an accident, to
experience some trouble alive one nurne 1 nom something or someone
alive
accustomed enupan vi be or become
accustomed to something all tanporo n all; tanporon n all, every one
across Alleluia Areruya nprop the traditional religion
of certain groups of Amerindians in the circum-
added one pirik1 nom something added to a Roraima region, most recently embraced by the
larger whole, in addition to
Akawaio tribe
adjective t-...-i a third-person prefix and alligator akare n alligator
suffix combination that changes a verb into an
adjective also kanan 2 adv also; nr 1 adv also
adorned usiptt vr be or become adorned, althougth tane 3 conj although, even though
decorate onself amazed usewansiukwa vi be or become
adulterate imanapa vi commit adultery, to amazed or surprised
have sex with someone other than one's spouse ambush kanaimt vt ambush
advise panat 2 vt advise Amen Seiso 2 interj Amen
adze sanpa n adze Amerindian kapon 2 n an Amerindian person
after asamap 2 after; patap 2 after; pk 2 among amt nom among; korotapai postp
postp after; tpo postp after from among; korotau 3 postp among; rta
afterbirth mntkp n afterbirth postp among
again kanan 1 adv again; -kap to do ancestor nonan2 n ancestor, indirect address;
something as is one's daily or regular habit referring to those ancestors already long-dead;

tpiya 2 n ancestor ant; kuyu n a variety of black ant; mosoi n a

anchor peten2 n anchor variety of black, biting ant; opara n a variety of
stinging black ant; prau yan n a variety of ant
and awonsik 1 conj and; ewai 2 conj and that steals another ants' babies; sirim n a
angel inser n angel variety of brown ant, of which the larvae are
edible; sirimo 2 n a variety of long, black ant;
anger sakoro n anger; sakoropa vt make angry
taitai n a variety of long, black ant that stings;
angry esma vi be or become angry; knta 2 utu 1 n a variety of wood ant; wrkatari n a
vi be or become angry; sakorota vi be or variety of ant that flies toward the end of the
become angry Tmon season
animal araikwa n animal, maybe a variety of anteater oiwe n a variety of anteater; warisim
monkey; Arawewa nprop a variety of animal; n a variety of anteater
arn n a variety of animal that eats plenty; antler ret 2 n antler
parauwi 1 n a variety of animal that lives
underwater, possibly walrus; wairarim 3 n anus wasema n anus
animal with horns, bigger than a cow; warik n appreciate api 3 vt appreciate
a variety of sloth-like animal; wotori n animal
hunted for its meat, any type of mammal, bird,
Arawak person Eruwak 2 nprop a person of
Arawak descent
fish; yoro n a variety of animal (?)
Arawak tribe Eruwak 1 nprop the Arawak
ankle prakon 1 n ankle
tribe
annato anont n a variety of tree, the fruit of area proroi 2 n area
which is used to make body paint, annato;
karapiyap1 n a variety of tree, annato, the Arekuna person Arekuna 1 nprop a person
fruit of which produces a red paint which the of the Arekuna tribe
Akawayo used to use on their bodies; sapa1 1 n Arekuna tribe Arekuna 2 nprop the name
a variety of tree, annato given to the Arekuna tribe
anoint ekrka vi anoint argue eseik vi argue, answer back, usually
another tron 1 another with an argumentative tone; etok 1 vt argue;
knta 3 vi argue; manenpa 2 vt argue
another way myawr 1 adv another way
arm eme n arm
answer eik 2 vt answer; maimuk 1 vt answer
armadillo kaikan n a variety of medium-sized
ant epirikoto n a variety of ant that build armadillo; mura n a variety of armadillo;
cascading nests on tree trunks; ira n a variety muraim n a variety of large armadillo;
of large, black ant; munuri ant; nkiran n a
muru1 n a variety of small armadillo
variety of ant with black and brown coloring;
Kankarum 2 n a variety of small, black ant armband aptar n decorated armbands worn in
that bites; kanpota n a variety of ant; ceremonies
kapuruko n a variety of biting ant; kirintu n armpit ewata n armpit
a variety of flying ant, coming out in rainy
army kuwayau 2 n army, a collection of soldiers
times; kiyaw n acushi ants; kokon n the
variety of acushi ant (kuyaw') that flies during a around won2 postp around
certain time of year; caught and eaten by the arrive uyep 2 vi arrive
Akawayo; kororo 1 n a variety of big, black
ant that doesn't bite or sting; kupakarakai n arrow kosopre 2 n arrow made from same,
a variety of brown ant that bites hard; similar to mostly for play by young children; mapuru 2 n
the acushi ant; poisonous to small animals when arrow, made from same; pru n arrow;
eaten; kurakai n a variety of small, red wood suparari 1 n arrow
ant that stings; kurepiri n a variety of biting arrow point tanpirai n arrow point, often

shaped from a section of deer antler aunt aai 4 n aunt, in particular, one's father's
as pe postp as brother's wife or one's mother's sister, direct
address; anti n aunt; more specifically the
ascend enuku 3 vi to ascend, as Jesus did, into
sister of one's mother; nana n aunt; more
Heaven, from earth
specifically, one's father's older sister; for direct
ash urumrp n ash address; san 2 n aunt, indirect address; in
ask atoma 2 vt ask a lot of questions, show particular, one's mother's sister or one's father's
interest in something; ekamapo vt ask, brother's wife; wan 1 n aunt, direct address,
request; enna3 vt ask, request; usenna 1 vr ask in particular, one's father's sister or one's
for oneself; be asking mother's brother's wife; wawa n aunt, in
particular, one's mother's sister or one's father's
asked usekamapo vr be asked questions brother's wife, direct reference
assistant esen onon assistant available moro 2 available; peten1 nom
at piyau 2 postp at; poro2 postp at; ta 3 postp at available to do a job
attach a tail arenat vt put a tail on awake emase 2 vi stay awake all night
something like a kite away from piyapai postp away from
attract musunpa vt attract, use bait axe waka n axe
attribute axed itkwa vi axed, cut or squared off with an
axe
Bb
baby mre 1 n baby bag used to carry matches on a trip; sonkoto n
a small ditty bag
back apoi 1 n back
bail ikwam 1 vt bail water from a boat;
backdam kawin adv backdam; paktan 1 n paruka vt bail water
backdam, away from any settled area
bait musun 1 n bait for fishing
backpack pankai n a local style of waricha in
the shape of a triangle and not open in the back bake ekiinno vt bake cassava bread
like the more traditional warishi; usually also bald pekai n bald head
less sturdy than the other; worn in the same way;
peipan 1 n a single-sided backpack used to bamboo kamain n a variety of plant similar to
bamboo; kwama n a variety of bamboo;
collect clay for making pots; wakawa1 1 n
sarara n a variety of bamboo-like tree, also
traditional backpack, three-sided and enclosed;
called congo pump
warisa n traditional Akawayo backpack with
three sides and a bottom; filled and tied closed banana katapan2 n a variety of banana;
with string and strapped to one's back with kupakupa n a variety of banana having a
shoulder and/or head straps purple hue, fat and stubby in shape, buck
backslide utamoka 3 vi backslide, to fall banana; maripa n a variety of small banana,
back into sin after leaving a life of sin yellow in colour; mekuru n banana; general
term for banana; mina 1 n a variety of banana
bad one ri 2 nom someone or something bad; known for its yellow color; pakupa n a variety
s 1 nom someone or something bad or of large, purple banana; sekerente n a variety
dangerous of banana, cayenne banana; trpn2 n a
bag paiki n bag, sack, pack; pakara 1 n a small short variety of banana; yomari n a variety of

banana beautiful one akoruwan 1 nom something

band m n a band around something beautiful, colourful, especially referring to
birds; amanon 1 nom something or someone
bangs pee ipo n bangs
beautiful; a nice, young woman; wak 6 nom
banquet kusera 2 n banquet, a large amount of someone or something beautiful
food for a large group of people
because of uriya 1 postp because of, for the
baptise enpataukwa 1 vt baptise; euranka 1 vt reason of
baptise; korka 3 vt baptise, as in the Alleluia
become ekup 4 vi curse someone to become
tradition
something else; ena1 2 vi become
baptised usenpataukwa2 2 vi be or become
bed akwa 2 n bed
baptised; useuranka vr be or become baptised
bark ur2 vi bark, as a dog does; yi pip 1 n bedbug karankaran n a variety of bedbug
the bark of a tree bee ak1 n bee; arukim n a variety of large
black bee found in rotten tree stumps or other
barrel pariri n barrel
rotten wood; ekan 2 n a variety of stinging bee;
base amu 4 n base kankara 2 n a variety of bee; kanpara n a
basket ati n a type of basket, customarily variety of bee with a loud, high buzz; likes to
used to hold meat over a lighted fire to prevent block up holes with its nests/eggs/etc.;
the meat from spoiling; waikarap 1 n a sarowaik n a variety of large bumble bee with
woven basket or quake butterfly-like tongue; tusan 1 n bee
bat marupa n bat beeswax moronp 1 n beeswax
bathe ekup vr bathe oneself; etukuika 3 vi beetle kaikawasa 1 n rhinoceros beetle;
bathe; kup vt bathe; pn vt bathe, give kaikawasa 2 n a variety of large, black beetle;
someone a bath kuikui n a variety of long, black beetle;
penputu n a variety of dung beetle, with a
battle usewanoman n battle cap-like head covering
bay awen n a bay of water along a river; kupai before korotau 2 postp before, in front of;
n bay
pkr 2 postp before, in front of; rau postp
be en 2 vi be, exist; wann2 vi be, exist before, in front of; raw 1 postp before, in front
bead kasuru n traditional trading beads, used in of; raw 2 postp before, in time; wapiya 1 conj
weaving aprons before
bean akupisi 1 n a variety of wild bean plant, beg akwarka1 2 vt beg, implore, ask strongly
bora; akupisi 2 n a variety of black-eyed or with strong feeling; etakwanm 1 vi beg;
beans; akupisi 3 n a variety of red or brown pawanat vt beg; ruku1 adv beg, taking a
beans; kumataran n a variety of bean; lower position in a conversation
piriyori n a variety of short, green bean; beggar enkui 2 nom beggar
prakai n a variety of vegetable bean begin ewanat 1 vt begin; -iwa 3 begin; piyat
bear moronka vt bear something, withstand vt begin
punishment
begin to ewanat 2 vi begin to
bear children umuta 1 vt bear children
beginning epiyat 2 vi beginning; tpiya 1 n
bear fruit epeta vi bear fruit beginning
beard etasipo n beard; ptura sipo n beard behind asamap 1 behind; notau postp
beat akonoma2 1 vt beat, hit; aripok vt beat, behind; pk 1 postp behind; wanmra2 1 postp
strike; epa 3 vt beat; pantama 2 vt beat; behind someone, in back of someone; win 3
tm 1 vt beat, pound postp behind, when used with e'map

believe apur1 1 vt believe; utapur 2 vr a variety of red-bellied bird; ariya n a variety

believe in oneself of hawk or eagle; kanarau n a variety of bird,
grey and white in colour with a swallow's tail;
bell sanpana n bell; tenten n a big bell kanpasikororo n a variety of house wren;
belly ewan 1 n belly kawanaru n a variety of bird, cock of the rock
belonging iwano n belonging bird; kayaukayau n a variety of large, black
bird; kinotori n a variety of bird that rotates
belonging to around its perch as it makes a warbling call; the
belongings apuru n belongings, personal bow bird; kiyawi n a variety of water bird;
effects krruk n a variety of bird with a metal-
below pupiyau 2 postp below, especially sounding call; ktruk n a variety of bird,
referring to the surface of water white chest and black back, flies in flocks;
cotton bird; kopawa n a variety of bird, similar
belt pokr n belt in habit to the kinotori, only smaller;
bench apon 2 n bench; mreei n a small bench korokoro n a variety of bird that eats worms,
with head and foot, turtle-shaped similar to the pereik, but living in the trees;
parikari bird; koropisa n a variety of bird
bend imime vt bend a young sapling tree in an
with a short, whistle-like call; kosara n a
arch; kwnka vt bend; seme n a bend in the
variety of bird; kosorik n a variety of black
river; tmuika vt bend something
bird that flies high in the sky; kuku n a
bent etmuika vi be or become bent over variety of bird, great horned hawk; kukui n a
bent back one tmui nom someone who walks variety of bird; kumara n a variety of large
with a bent back bird-of-prey, grey and white in colour with
swallow's tail; kurui n a variety of bird;
berry pakrai 1 n a variety of berry, edible; turukwaro bird; kwipiti n a variety of bird,
purumapi n a variety of black berry, the bush kiskadee; mar2 n a variety of bird that swings
of which has leaves similar to sandpaper
its body, small with dotted feathers, rarely
beside piyau 1 postp beside; wenai postp found; maru n a variety of bird similar to the
beside, with guinea bird, the maam bird; merumeru n a
beside water esousouma vi be beside water variety of small hummingbird; namai n a
variety of bird, warakabura, a large, black
betray eparanka 3 vt betray fowl-like bush bird that is easily tamed; okra
betroth w vi betroth, choose a spouse n a variety of turkey-like bird, marudi;
between asanau postp between okraim n a variety of turkey-like bird;
onore n a variety of bird known as tiger bird,
big ekat 1 vi be or become big, grow up crane, a river bird that eats fish; oroioroi n a
big one eke 1 nom something big variety of bird, also called mam suwa;
otaruwa n a variety of bird; paipaiso n a
bigger entai 2 nom bigger
variety of bird with a loud, high-pitched song;
biggest one kipn2 n the biggest of the paka n a variety of small, red bird with white
fingers (thumb) or toes on back and tail, known for its beauty; pakirau
bile karakwa 1 n bile; a yellow substance from n a variety of bird similar to the swallow;
the stomach parantarai 1 n a variety of bird, known as bell
bird; parikiya1 n a variety of multi-coloured
bill putu1 5 n bill, beak of a bird
parrot; pawi n a variety of wild fowl, easily
bina enpukui 2 n something put on a stick and tamed, known as powis; pika1 n a variety of
waved at someone to make them fall down dead beautiful, burnt-red-colored bird with a long tail
bird aitn n a variety of woodpecker; akami n and distinctive call; pikonp n a variety of
a variety of wild bird easily tamed, similar to bird; piyan 1 n a variety of bat-catching bird
powis bird, warakabura, trumpet bird; anako n with a night-time screech; prkiya n a variety

of small bird with white beak and dark feathers, blackhead piyo n blackhead, pimple
screeching call; psi n a variety of small bird
with a long tail that gives short, high calls;
blanket asan n blanket
pwipwiso n a variety of bird with a loud bleed mnptn vi bleed
whistle-like call; ri n a variety of bird; blind enkasipank vt make something or
saprete n a variety of woodpecker; ser n a someone blind; ptari n blind or hunting
variety of bird, oil bird; siriko n a variety of shelter, built up in a tree to wait in for wild
yellow-bellied bird; ski n a variety of animals to pass
blue-colored bird; saki; takaika n a variety of
kingfisher bird; takpi n a variety of small bird blind one tenkunan nom someone blind
with green head, orange and yellow back, blink pikwa vt blink
turquoise and purple markings on breast and
blister sokoipita 1 vt blister; werei 2 n blister;
wings; takpiya n a variety of bird, similar to
wereika vt make a blister, give someone a
the blue saki, with a short chirp of a call;
blister; wereita vi be or become blistered
tapiya n a variety of larger hummingbird;
tarika n a variety of small, blue, iridescent bird block akoro 2 vt block; apurut vt block;
with black on wings and brown breast; two n a sanpura 2 n any item banged on as a drum
variety of bird with a loud whistle; toron n during a time of sporting; wakt 3 vt block
bird, the general term; two n a variety of bird; blood mn n blood
urami1 n a variety of bird that mocks other
bloodsucker sopai 2 n a person who wants to
birds, small, yellow breast and black; urutuim
suck blood
n a variety of bird; waisoro n a variety of
sparrow; small, black and white, river skimmer; bloody one mnpan nom something or
waitamera n a variety of bird, swallow puff someone bloody
bird; waitt n a variety of bird well-known blotch kapi n a light-coloured blotch on the skin
for its song; wakata n a variety of bird, same
as kuyapo', toucan; wakowa n a variety of
blow arima 1 vt cause something to swing;
bird, a dove; warami n a variety of bird, red ekaret 1 vt blow on an instrument or horn, to
pigeon; warokoko n a variety of woodpecker; make a noise; etarenpa vt practice the ritual
art of blowing to determine cause of sickness in
wataut n a variety of snake-eating bird;
the person being blown, or some other
wayaura 1 n a variety of bird with a number of
metaphysical reality; posima 2 vt blow, like
different songs; werui n a variety of small
the wind; puma vt blow; usekaret vr blow a
sparrow bird with black body and white beak,
horn
tawa bird; yiknpa n a variety of bird
blowing taren n the art of blowing for the
birth entu 2 vi give birth; umuta 2 vt give birth
purpose of healing or harming oneself or another
birthmark karutu n birthmark; maki 2 n
blowpipe iruwa 2 n blowpipe, especially that
birthmark
from the iruwa tree; kurai 3 n a long blowpipe
bisect isaramo vt bisect, cut into two equal made from the tree of same name; sanwoto 2 n
parts blowpipe
bite ika 1 vt bite blue one ttorire something purple, blue, or
bitter one ikrak nom bitter taste; used to pink
describe the taste of kada before it is cooked to blurred vision tenpurunan nom someone
make it edible.; ine nom something bitter to having blurred vision
the taste; mai1 2 nom something bitter in smell
blush suwita vi blush; suwitank vt make
or taste
someone blush
black one ikrn 2 nom something black in boa constrictor aman n boa constrictor
colour
boast apur1 6 vt boast

boat kanau 2 n general term for any boat; 1 vt branch off, leave the trail
paraw n wood plank boat brass karukuri n brass
boat with outboard motor pato n boat brave one enarimn nom someone brave or
with outboard motor fearless; piymn 2 nom someone brave
body pun1 2 n body bravery enarimra n bravery, boldness
body cavity ewan 4 n body cavity bread karaita n bake made from corn meal;
boil ekwip vi boil; etok 1 vt boil; itok vt preti n bread; u n cassava bread
boil, especially a thick substance like kata or break akitikwa vt break up; amorka 2 vt
kasiri or porridge break; ekwt1 vr be or become broken;
boiling sound tukutuku 1 nom boiling sound esakwa vr break, be or become broken; et 2
of cooking soup vi break; ikr 2 vt break apart, break open;
bolt aino3 2 n bolt ikwt2 vt break something; to cause
something to become broken; mata 3 vi
bone p n bone; wsp 1 n any type of bone become broken; pantarka vt break off
book kareta 3 n book branches; saukwa vt break
boots sapato 2 n boots break off karakwa vt break off
born entu 1 vi be born break out trkwa 1 vt break out
bother inansika 2 vt bother; utanpokma vr break up imo2 1 vt break up or burst
bother or trouble oneself; want vt bother, breakfast preposi 1 n breakfast
trouble
breast mana n breast
bottle potoro n bottle
breast milk mana eku breast milk
bottom amu 3 n the bottom of any object
breath ennapisin n breath from the nose;
boulder t 2 n boulder entapisin n breath from the mouth; eruparu
bow epeima vi bow down before someone; n breath; promer n heavy breathing, from
putu1 4 n bow of a boat; urapa 1 n bow the chest
bowl arap 1 n a large, oval bowl made from a breathe ennapinm vi breathe heavily;
calabash; kamo n bowl made from calabash; usenetuka vi breathe
posi n a small calabash bowl; psau 1 n bowl bridge miye 2 n log bridge or other crossing
bowstring kuraya 3 n bowstring, often made over water
from a plant of the same name bright one akwa2 1 nom something bright
box ekama 3 vi take on the stance of a boxer, brighten akwaka vt brighten; utakwaka vi
"square up" be or become bright
boy mooi n boy; warawo 1 n boy bring emat vt bring, fetch, drug; imanka vt
bra mana yen bra, brassiere fetch, bring; nep vt bring
bracelet pramu n beaded bracelet worn brittle one amoro 2 nom something brittle or
around leg between knee and ankle easily broken
brag utapur 1 vr brag broken eturuma 4 vi be or become broken
brain nakase n brain broth parup n meat broth
branch panakonta n the point at which a brother aita 1 n brother; indirect address; akon
branch divides into two branches; panta 1 n 1 n younger brother for a male; direct address
branch of a tree; panta 2 n branch of a river and also indirect address; akon 2 n Christian
brother; pi 1 n younger brother of a female; also
branch off epantaka 1 vr branch off; pantaka

used in direct address; pipi n older brother, for the skin; krnk vt burn to ash, burn up;
a female; also used in direct address; rui n pekwa vt burn; ponant vt build a fire, start a
elder brother, to a male, indirect address; fire; pot 2 vt burn; pu vt burn a spot on the
yakon1 2 n younger brother, to a male, direct skin; sokoipita 2 vt burn; taikwa vi burn with
address pepper; uyepu vi be or become burned
brother-in-law akonpi 1 n brother-in-law, burn incense krinnpa 2 vt burn incense
direct address; ese 1 n brother-in-law, indirect burned krt 1 vi burned, as in food that cooks
address; sese 1 n brother-in-law, direct address; too long
yako 1 n brother-in-law, direct address
burning epot vr burning, something in the
brow hair warama sipo n brow hair process of burning
brown isuweta 1 vi be or become brown burp entakrka vi burp
brown one isuweyu nom something brown, burst shingles imo2 2 vt burst shingles
reddish brown, orange, red; ripe; tppiren
nom the colour brown bury annk vt bury; unat vt bury
bruise arita 2 vi bruise bush asin n thick bush; karaweru n a variety
of flowering bush; karu n a variety of bush,
bubble epukiririma vi make bubbles in the the fruit of which can be squeezed and used to
water; utaka vi be or become bubbly, as in make surface tattoo marks; also used as a bina
cassava drink as it ferments to relieve pain; mnpta n secondary bush,
bug kankpan n a variety of bee-like bug, former farmland; pakrai 2 n a variety of
small, black with blue stripes berry bush; sepan1 n small bush, brush;
build am vt build; as in a house; arat vt build; wayapiro 2 n a variety of bush; yu 2 n bush, a
section of the rain forest that is no longer virgin
in particular, putting up the vertical rafters;
kap 3 vt build, as in a wasp building his nest; bush cow kataipa n bush cow;
orot vt build a house; in particular, putting up kuyunkuyun n bush cow; maipuri n bush
the horizontal slats (oro) of the roof of a cow, tapir; waira n bush cow
thatched roofed house; usewat 2 vi build, busy aisin nom busy
especially the tying involved in building a
traditional trash roof house but ruku2 1 adv but, on the other hand
bullet piroto 2 n bullet butterfly wakau n butterfly, a general term
bump tuwi n bump or lump under the skin buttocks kuiwa2 n buttocks
bumpy one motomoto nom something bumpy, button enut vt button; pon enu n button
lumpy or knobby buy anm1 4 vt buy; enna2 vt buy, purchase
bun amokoma 2 vt put one's hair into a bun by piya 1 postp by
bundle amon 1 n bundle by chance ken adv by chance, unplanned,
burlap isakasi 2 n burlap material mistakenly
burn ewaipama vi have a burning sensation on by way of poi 3 postp by way of; win 2 postp
by way of
Cc
caiman kuratu n a variety of large, black cake itekiinno n a cake of cassava bread
caiman

calabash arap 2 n calabash, the plant or the cashew aroi n a variety of red cashew tree
gourd; osi2 n a small variety of calabash, the casreep kasirip n a variety of casreep, mostly
plant that bears same; wai1 2 n calabash in use today, sweeter than the more sour kumasi;
calaloo aurosa n a variety of wild calaloo; kumasi 1 n soup flavouring, made from kata,
monare n a variety of wild calaloo the drippings from the grated, squeezed cassava,
boiled down to eliminate the poisonous qualities
calf pisi n calf, the lower half of the leg
and to preserve it
call esak 2 vt call cassava ayaup n a variety of bitter cassava;
called usesak vi be or become called or named eki 1 n bitter cassava; kotonpima n a variety
camoudi kim 2 n a variety of snake known of cassava, mostly used for making kasiri,
as camoudi sometimes used for making cassava bread;
kusanokop n a variety of cassava, used
camp kapaisan 3 n a temporary camp mainly for making eki; with a thin leaf, purple in
campsite patatse 2 n a campsite, a temporary colour; makasira n a variety of sweet
place to live cassava; sakura 1 n variety of cassava;
candle weyu 4 n candle trpp n a variety of cassava with red skin
under the peel of the tuber; waromap n a
cane mapuru 1 n a variety of wild plant often variety of bitter cassava
called cane, used for fishing rods and hunting
arrows
cassava bread akuse n a soft type of cassava
bread, made from cassava grated the same day;
cane squeezer trapisi n sugar cane squeezer; fresh cassava bread; eki 2 n cassava bread;
used together with a yaina py n cassava bread made hard, to last a long
canoe kanau 1 n dugout canoe; kuriyara 1 n time; wenam 1 n cassava bread; wenantu n
dugout canoe; yi pip 2 n the inner bark of a cassava bread of someone
tree made into a woodskin canoe cassava dregs asokop n the remains of the
capsize erawoika vi capsize sifted cassava flour, not used as a food source
capybara parauwi 2 n capybara; paruwena 2 cassava drink kasiri n cassava drink; paiwa
n capybara n a relatively strong form of the traditional
cassava drink; parakari n a variety of
care eset 1 vt take care of something; keep
cassava drink, stronger than normal; payawaru
something from falling or spilling; pasima 3 vt
n a variety of 'burnt' cassava drink
care
cassava water kata1 2 n cassava water
caretaker esa 1 n caretaker
cast out atuma1 2 vt cast out
Carib person Karina 2 nprop a person of
Carib heritage cat pusi n cat
Carib tribe Karina 1 nprop the Carib tribe catch amma vt catch; ewonk vt catch fish
using a maswa or dam and trap
carry anm1 6 vt carry; areka1 vt carry leaves
in bundles; ar vt carry; manpika 2 vt carry caterpillar arauta 2 n a variety of reddish
away; pininpa vt carry, walk with something or brown caterpillar, so named because of its
someone similar color to the howler monkey; rk 1 n
caterpillar, a general term; kata2 n a variety of
carry out enpaka 2 vt carry out
poisonous caterpillar, hairy and green in colour;
carry up ekainnpa vt carry up warauri n a variety of swimming caterpillar
carve ewak 2 vt carve cause e- to cause to be; detransitivizer, changing
case peipan 2 n case for holding and transporting a transitive verb into an intransitive one; pkr
multiple numbers of cassava bread cakes 3 cause
cause to bear fruit epetank vt cause a

plant to bear fruit, fertilize children munk 1 n children

cause trouble enmipo vt cause someone else chimpanzee kwata 3 n chimpanzee
to get into trouble
chin ptura n chin
cave yen 5 n cave
chinked epimo vi be or become chinked
centipede ki pase centipede; mnira n a
variety of lethally poisonous centipede chip itkwa vt chip
certainty -i2 certainty choke emkrt vi choke on food;
usennasirimo vi choke on fluid going down
chafe emontakwa vi chafe the inner thighs into the trachea
from much walking
choose anm1 7 vt choose
chalky one kopirin nom something chalky in
taste, tawny chop ikr 1 vt chop, as in cutting wood for
firewood
change ensima vt change; erat 1 vi change;
usensima 1 vr change oneself; usensima 2 vr Christ Krai nprop Christ, the title for Jesus
change for oneself church sosi n church
character eseru 5 n character cigarette sikiri n cigarette; tam 2 n cigarette
characterised by kenan 3 postp characterised clap wn 4 vt clap hands
by
claw ita pip n claw, for birds and jaguar
charcoal kamarka n charcoal
clay ikoro 2 n clay, especially along a path,
chariot tararan 2 n chariot, especially as in the during rainy season; tawa 1 n clay soil; tawa 2
Alleluia tradition n clay
charm anoma 2 vt charm, make someone lose clay pot samaku n a specially-shaped clay pot,
their senses; kumi 1 n a charm used by hunters a large clay pot
to be successful in hunting wild cow, deer;
clean ekayu 1 n a place without bush, a clean
muran n a general term for any charm or bina,
place; ekttika 1 vi be or become clean by
something used to get someone else to do what
rubbing dirt off one's skin; etanap n a clean
you want them to; muranpa vt charm
spot, something clean or having been cleaned;
charm oneself emuranpa vi charm oneself kaima vt clean; korka 2 vt cleaning, as in
chase ainnpa vt chase, cause to run or escape; wounds; pot 3 vt clean, as in cleaning one's
aprnpa 1 vt chase, cause to run; itapa 1 vt farm by burning up the cut-down jungle on it
chase; trnka vt chase clean one wak 5 nom someone or something
cheek epeta n cheek; kuwasi n cheek clean
cheeky katata someone cheeky, precocious clear aika vt clear a plot of land of underbush,
the start of cutting for farming; akoroka 2 vt
cherish ewanpa vt cherish clear land of grass or trees; awainan nom
chest pt n chest; poropo 1 n chest, breast something clear or transparent
chew ap2 1 vi chew climb ekainm 1 vi climb
chicken krtk n chicken clitoris ar1 n clitoris
chigger sik n chigger; actually, a variety of clock kra n clock
burrowing flea closer sarpar 2 adv closer
chigger-infested ayann nom chigger- cloth kareku n cloth, material
infested; to have plenty chiggers
clothe wont 2 vt provide with a cloth
child mansi n child; mre 2 n child; mre n
child clothes enpon n clothes; pon ton clothes,

multiple items of clothes; pon1 2 n clothes mother

cloud kapuru 2 n cloud comparative -iwa 1 comparative, more or
better; iwa2 adv more or less, approximately
clouds roma1 n dark clouds
coast waika 1 n coast compete entaka3 2 vi show one's competency in
a subject
coastlander ene1 9 n coastlander or civilized
person
complain etarerum 2 vi complain, grumble
cockroach korori n cockroach, the general complete enukank vt complete
term;; masarawe n a variety of smaller completed past -sa 3 completed past tense
cockroach completely esuken adv completely
coil amon 2 n coil compress kwin n a hot compress, used to treat
cold arautaim 2 n cold, cold symptoms; aton n common illnesses
cold, the symptoms related to having a cold conceal waput vt conceal
coldness komi nom coldness conch shell kuru 1 n conch shell, sometimes
collect amuku 1 vt collect; amrank vt used for calling a meeting or other gathering
collect; anuku 1 vt collect concurrent trr nom concurrent, at the same
collector amre 2 nom someone who collects time
things, often for himself confess ape vi confess; usekama 1 vi confess
colour akun 1 vt colour; uteramire n the hue conflict seyaton n conflict
of a mountain from a distance through the haze
confuse anoma 3 vt confuse someone, cause
comb esaraika vi comb one's own hair; someone to stray from what they know is right
parekoso n a chicken's comb; parra n a
fine-toothed comb used for removing nits from confused utakama vi be or become confused
hair; saraika vt comb someone else's hair; consecrated premasa n something or
saraisarai 1 n comb someone consecrated, prayed over or otherwise
combed one saraipan 1 nom something or set aside for religious purposes
someone combed consistent fashion inke 2 adv consistently,
come sip vi come; uyep 1 vi come regularly
come down ut 1 vi come down constipation enakrt 1 n constipation

come out emoka vi come out; waprm vi consummate ena3 vi consummate, to become
come out from a pit or depression as one, to be together as husband and wife
comet apotoim n comet container enpp 1 n empty container, a

container that used to hold something; kiti n
comfort poken2 n comfort container used to store small quantities of gold;
command apiyon vt command; epakank a kitty; kupi n a container for holding drink or
vt command; n- a polite way of commanding a other liquid; wai1 1 n container or any object
peer; -ta2 command verb suffix designed to hold liquid; yen 1 n container
command/plural -t command suffix for more cook ekukuma vr be or become cooked;
than one hearer int vt cook fish by wrapping it in leaves and
command/single -k command suffix for a roasting it; kukuma vt cook; kuwin 4 vt cook
single hearer (reduced to apostrophe in fast food by warming it in nearly boiling water;
speech) mapisit vt cook fish in leaves; ukwip vt
cook by boiling
companion watakon n companion; someone
always near one, as a young child with his cooked fish mapi 2 n a way to prepare fish

by wrapping in certain tree leaves and roasting crab oil karapa 3 n crab oil
over the fire
crack imo2 4 vt crack
cookhouse ut 2 n cookhouse
cracked ekrnka vi be or become cracked
cool down inpank 1 vt cool down
something that is hot cracked feet karaip n cracked skin,
particularly on the heels
cool one inkenan cool; a temperature or
feeling between hot and cold craving tarui nom craving, especially meat,
fish, or something of substance to go with
core yo1 n hard core (of an abscess) cassava bread
corn anai n corn crawl etaraika vi crawl, as a baby
corner kata 3 n corner creature ene1 6 n an imaginary creature invoked
corpse ekepu n corpse to scare children
cotton ktkwa 1 n cotton; cotton tree creek paru1 n creek
cough enaika vt make someone cough; cricket kirisara n cricket
esant vi cough; choke when eating or drinking; cripple tmuipan n a person bent over without
etoretorema vi cough; usenaika 1 vr being able to straighten up
cough; usenaika 2 vt cough
crippled useme 2 vi crippled, unable to walk
cousin akonpi 2 n cousin, direct address; eru 1
n cousin, the female cousin of a female, indirect
criticise sapema 2 vt criticise
address; ese 2 n cousin, a male speaking about cross ekwrt vi cross over, go across from
a male cousin, indirect address; mimi 1 n a where one is, especially crossing on water;
female cousin of a female, direct address; inkwrnk vt go across, traverse;
papatan 1 n cousin; poito 3 n a male cousin kurusu n cross
of another male; rusi n male cousin of a female, cross one kne 2 nom someone cross or vexed
indirect address; sese 2 n cousin, male
addressing a male cousin, direct address; crow mrenm vi crow, in particular, the crow
waraito n used by a male to refer to his female of the powis at a certain time of year; uturum
cousin and vice versa; indirect address; 1 vi crow or make another variety of bird noise
wrmai 1 n cousin, used by a female when crowd anpisin 2 n a crowd of people
addressing her female cousin; wri 1 n crowded place tuke 3 nom crowded place, as
female cousin to a male, indirect address; in many trees crowded together
wri 2 n male cousin to a female; yako 2 n
cousin, direct address; yako 3 n a term used to crown nakata n the crown of the head
claim relation to the hearer; a loose claim at crumbs punup 1 n crumbs
kinship with the hope of establishing rapport
crumple kosokosoma vt crumple; torouma
cover enpont vr be covered, cover oneself; vt crumple
npont vt cover something; pont 1 vt cover;
crush wasa 2 vt crush
won1 2 n cover
cry entaime vi cry; etakwanm 2 vi cry to be
covering npon 1 n covering; pon1 1 n covering;
fed, like a dog; karanpa vt make someone cry;
wapu 3 n covering
ukaram1 vi cry
covetous one enkui 1 nom someone covetous
of another's possessions
cup ko2 n cup; psau 2 n cup
cow paka n domesticated cow or bull curly one kisipan nom something curly,
usually referring to hair
cowfly tur 1 n cowfly
current apne 2 n current of a river or flow of
crab makwai 1 n a variety of river crab water

curse pank 1 vt curse walking; naka vt cut down; sikwa vt cut

curve wiyoika vt make an object curved in cut down ennoko1 2 vt cut down a tree
shape cut up sausauma vt cut up, make little cuts
curved kwu nom something curved cutlass mariya 2 n cutlass, machete; supara 1
cut akt 1 vt cut; at 1 vt cut; itaka vt cut, as n cutlass, machete
in grass or second bush; kt vt cut bush while cutting sopera nom cutting a path
Dd
dam akoro 1 vt dam, usually damming a stream decoration rwn n any kind of decoration
to catch fish deep eke 2 in a deep manner, as in sleeping
dance manunpa vt dance with someone; deeply
umanum vi dance; umanunpa vt dance with deer kariyakw n a variety of small, grey deer;
someone; referring to the western style dancing usari n a variety of large bush deer;
and not the Alleluia tradition
waikanaim n a variety of giant deer; waiken
dandruff upi n dandruff n a variety of reindeer, savannah deer
danger ekamn 1 n danger defecate ekapt vi defecate; episika vi
dark ewarumam 2 vi be or become dark defecate uncontrollably; ewasu 1 vi defecate;
ewasu 2 vi to pass diarrhea
dark one ri 4 nom someone or something dark
deflate api 2 vi deflate, as in a balloon or rising
darkness ewarup 2 n darkness bread dough
dart kunwa 2 n a dart made from the plant of delay nka 3 vt delay, put off one's plan
same name
delicious one kan 1 nom delicious food; po2
dasheen krk 2 n dasheen; tasin n dasheen nom something delicious or tasty; posin 1 nom
daughter ensi1 n daughter to a father; used for something delicious, usually referring to the
indirect reference; yakon1 1 n a woman's taste of meat or local soup
daughter, direct address demolish aranka 3 vt demolish, break down
daughter-in-law pase 2 n daughter-in-law; a den yen 3 n den
man's son's wife
dent ekiyoka vi be or become dented; kiyoka
dawn emak 1 n dawn vt dent
day weyu 1 n day; wi n day depend enu pkr 1 vt depend
day after emasa 1 n the next day depress akwarka1 1 vt depress;
day after tomorrow awanapair emap utakwarka 1 vr be or become depressed
day after tomorrow depth ina 1 n its depth
day before yesterday mku komamiyau desert rmono 1 n desert-like environment, a
day before yesterday place devoid of plant and animal life
dead one eke 1 someone or something dead deserted tkenan 1 n desert, a place where not
decapitate imrkt vt decapitate, cut off many people live
the head deserve emaput 1 vi deserve, cause to start,
decorate iprt vt decorate cause to experience

destroy akama 2 vt destroy the use of disembowel wenuka vt disembowel, remove

something, make something so that the intended the guts of a living thing
user is unable to enjoy the intended benefits of disgust etaka 2 vt cause someone to be
it; rka vi be or become destroyed disgusted with something; usetaka 2 vi be or
detritus menetewe n floating detritus such as become weary or tired
leaves and sticks and seeds on the river's dishonour manapa 2 vi dishonour the rules of
surface and gathered in one place bina use, such as talking to a girl between using
deviate epantaka 2 vi deviate a bina and going hunting
devil makoi 3 n devil, Satan, the originator of all disobedient main entaino someone who is
things against God, the father of lies, etc. disobedient
diarrhea kuwasu n diarrhea disobey premek 2 vt disobey
die erik vi die; itmooi n die, one of a pair of distribute ekam 1 vt distribute, give out
dice; mata 1 vi die disturb anpokma vt disturb, trouble
difficult pana 2 nom difficult to correct or dive etukuika 1 vi dive; usemnk vr dive
adjust; saman 1 nom something difficult underwater
dig aka1 1 vt dig diver tusemsen n diver, one who goes
dig out apo 1 vt dig out underwater for the purpose of mining
dilate enu pot one's own eyes to be or become divide imk vt divide, partition; pantaka 2
dilated vt divide; ratoika vt divide; wakt 4 vt
divide
dilute parut2 vt dilute
dirt non2 3 n dirt dizzy kapiyawai nom having a dizzy feeling;
usewansiriukwa 2 vi be or become dizzy
dirty ekpa vi be or become dirty; kpa vt
make dirty
do kup 1 vt do
dirty one ri 1 nom someone or something dirty; do not ks- do not
oima nom something or someone dirty, filthy do wrong makuna 3 vt do something wrong or
dirty-faced one tenpataikunan nom wicked
someone with a dirty face dog ai n a variety of wild dog; iyone n a good
disagree esapema vr disagree with each other, hunting dog; pero n dog
be against each other; skskma 2 vt doll santo n doll
disagree, as in shaking one's head to say 'no' done ekup 1 vr be or become done
disappear apa1 2 vi disappear; eweukwa vi donkey isakasi 1 n donkey
disappear, disappear suddenly
door mrata 1 n door
disbelieve kasima2 vt disbelieve, to believe
something is a lie dove erwo n a variety of ground dove; werusi
n a variety of ground dove
disciple poito 5 n disciple
drag pisik 1 vt drag
discover eporo 2 vt discover; unaika vt
discover, uncover dragon urupere 1 n dragon; urupere 2 n a man
in a mythical story who dresses up as a dragon
disease enku 2 n the infection that causes pink
eye disease, conjunctivitis; ere 1 n a skin dragonfly pirimo n dragonfly
disease or rash, the cause of which is unknown drawing menu 2 n drawing
disembark ekanwaka vr get out of the boat; dream ene2 vi dream
kanawaka vt take something out of a boat
dress emosat vi dress oneself; pon1 3 n dress;

pont 2 vt dress; wont 3 vt dress drunk

dress oneself epont vr dress oneself dry amuna 1 vi be or become dried up;
dried aipta 2 vi be or become dried amunaka vt dry; enpopo vt set a cassava
bread cake on the roof to dry; samururun 1
drift ut 4 vi drift down-river nom dry
drill kowekowe n drill dry land amun n dry land
drink enensi 1 vt drink, sip; enensi 2 vt help to dry one aip nom something dry; something
drink; ensi2 vt drink; euku n drink; sakura 3 n dead, as in grass or trees
a thick drink made to mix with water and drink;
dryness akin 1 nom a dry quality, especially
wano n drink, any kind of drink
referring to grass when it is hard to cut, after the
drip etokoima vi drip dew has evaporated
drizzle episinpisinma vi drizzle, as in a light duck maikwa n a variety of water fowl;
rain falling pereik n a variety of large duck with a long
drop ena4 1 vi drop, as in fruit ripening; makr beak; wawin n a variety of duck
1 vt drop; utapok 2 vi drop dumb emaimuka vr be or become dumb,
drop leaves areka2 vi for a tree to drop leaves unable to speak
drought iwankan 2 n drought, and the dumb one epe 2 nom someone dumb, a person
subsequent famine who cannot speak or cannot hear
drown aputa vi drown dunce Serekon nprop a person without

knowledge or ability, someone dumb or stupid
druel etakr vi drool
during awr 1 postp during, with
drum akusa n half a metal drum used to set
the cassava drink pot on to cook the cassava dust amuru n dust; kurupara 2 n dust;
drink; sanpura 1 n drum punup 3 n dust; tut vt brush off dust
drunk one etari n someone drunk dwarfed one muru2 nom someone who is
dwarfed
drunkard etari ye n drunkard; tetaripasen
n drunkard dysentery karara n a type of intestinal disease;
diarrhea with cramps; could be cholera
drunken event etaripan n a party for getting
Ee
each other si- each other with a spoon and plate; eme 1 vt eat as in a way
to finish; eme 2 vt eat pepperpot or pepper
eagle kwanore n Harpy eagle; misim n a sauce; entaikwa vt eat, in particular, eating
variety of large eagle, known to eat baboon; cassava bread and pepper pot; entana vi eat,
piyan 2 n eagle in particular, eating foods other than the usual
ear epup 2 n ear of corn; pana n ear tuma and eki; ku vt eat brittle foods, such as
early one penanne nom an early time cassava bread, nuts, etc.; nap vt eat sweet
things
earth non2 4 n earth
eaten emoikwa vi be or become eaten,
earthquake kanetai n earthquake; especially by maggots
trpn1 n earthquake
eave imeya n eave of a house or building;
eat an vt eat fish or other meat; apur2 1 vt eat wenasi n eave of a house

echo ekwat vt echo erupt etoikwa 2 vi erupt

edge epi 2 n edge, rim; epit vt put an edge on escape ainm vi escape; aprm 2 vt
something, used of making a backpack or of escape; aprm 3 n escape; epaka 3 vr
making cassava.; ikwt1 vt make an edge on a escape; etwarika 1 vi escape from home
cake of cassava bread; kata 2 n edge, as in the especially nane 2 adv especially; sane adv
river's edge especially
edoe eto n edoe; krk 1 n edoe everlasting twr 1 adv everlasting, always
eel karimura n a variety of electric eel, more every kaisa postp every
common along the Lower Mazaruni River
everywhere myawr 3 adv everywhere
egg imoi n egg
evil ene1 1 n evil; makoi 2 n evil
eight tonpa eight things
evil one ri 3 nom someone or something evil
elastic one ropa 2 n something elastic in nature
exactly air1 adv exactly; ak adv a form of
elbow perei n elbow agreement with what has just been said
eldest wapiyaro 2 n eldest member of a group, excited utausinpa vr be or become excited
such as siblings
excited one ausin 2 nom someone excited
elicitation pawanato nom a call for help from
someone exclamation ke2 interj sound made when
experiencing extreme pain; oso adv a word of
embark kanawat vt put into a boat surprise at the beauty of something
embarrassed epiyt vi be or become excreta wa n excreta
embarrassed
excuse ewaput 1 vr make an excuse for
embers apo ren embers, coals of a spent fire oneself
emphasis r emphasises the preceding word or exhausted rmo vi be or become exhausted,
phrase; t emphasises the preceding phrase very tired
emphatic pan 2 n emphatic experience itu 4 vt experience
enclose ent 1 vt enclose expert esa 4 n expert
end pk1 1 n end; umat 1 vi end explode etoikwa 1 vi explode
endure akret 1 vt endure extinguish enknk vt extinguish, put out a
enemy eyaton 2 n enemy fire
enlarge pirik2 1 vt enlarge, make more extra potawa n extra, left-over, reserve
enslave apiyoma 2 vt enslave eye enu1 n eye
enter utamuku vi enter eyeball enu enap eyeball
epidemic paran 2 n epidemic eyebrow warama n eyebrow
erase kuka vt erase eyelash enu sipo eyelash
eyelid enu pip eyelid
Ff
face em 1 n face fade etkwa 2 vi fade

fail etkwa 1 vi fail, be or become unlucky fathers brother inton 1 n uncle; in particular,
fair mara n a fair feeling, not too good one's father's brother, direct address; kipn1
2 n father's brother; one's uncle, indirect
fall api 1 vi fall, in a figurative sense; ennamo address; any avuncular relative whose children
vt make someone fall so as to injure his nose; are not of marriagable status to the speaker;
et 1 vi fall; etrkwa 2 vi fall; usennamo papai 3 n uncle, one's father's brother, direct
vi fall down so as to injure one's nose; address
usennasika 1 vr fall into water; useremuku vi
fall; utamoka 1 vi fall; utapok 1 vi fall
fear inansika 1 vt fear
fall off ekwa1 1 vt fall off feather ipo 1 n feather
false enekut 3 vt act in a false way fed one tare nom someone or something fed
false one akono n someone false in his feed aret vt feed; ewek vt feed someone
else; intanapa vt serve someone food, in
behaviour, a hypocrite, a liar; kasi 1 something
false particular, cassava bread, pepperpot and
cassava drink
family tonpa1 4 n family
feed oneself utaret vr feed oneself
famine iwan 2 n famine
female urisan 3 n any female
fan posima 1 vt fan a fire, to make it burn
ferment eukut vt set drink aside to allow it to
brighter or hotter; roma2 vi fan, make a breeze
ferment; usakarata vi be or become fermented
far siya 1 adv far, over there
fern kanpai n a variety of fern found in sandy
far place nn nom far place; sunwa nom a areas
place far away from the speaker
fertile one mina 3 nom a fertile place; mutan
farine uwi n farine 2 nom fertile
farm ekwa2 2 n farm; mainar n someone's feverish ekima vi be or become feverish
farm; um n farm
few ones esikiri 2 nom a small group of
farm area paktan 3 n farm area away from something
the village
fierce kne 3 nom fierce
farmer mainake n farmer; tapiyara1 n a
fight ekaaima vr fight each other; wrestle each
person well-provided-for by his farming acumen
other; epantama vi fight, physical contact
fast eruma vt cause another person to fast; fighting; etok 2 vt fight, scramble; ewanoma
useruma vr fast for oneself 1 vt fight; ewn 3 vi fight each other; kaaima
fast one aitune nom one who is fast or quick vt fight, wrestle; pantama 1 vt fight
fat ekansa fat one; ekat 2 vi be or become file krkr n file, used to sharpen a cutlass,
fat; kaiwan n the fat of an animal; kasi 1 n fat; tools
pune n fat fill akwart vt fill; art 1 vt fill; ent 2 vt
fat one kasi 3 nom someone or something thick fill a container; peit vt fill
or fat filled utakarut vi be or become filled
father aita 2 n father; indirect address; filler etapu 2 n something to go with meat to
kipn1 1 n father, indirect address; papai 1 make a more complete meal, potato, rice,
n father, direct address, term used by children provision, etc.; wenam 2 n filler, something
with the equivalent of 'Daddy'; umi 1 n father, to go with meat to make a more complete meal,
direct address includes rice, potato, provision, etc.
father-in-law tamo 1 n father-in-law, indirect fin apiri 2 n the fin of a fish
address; umi 3 n father-in-law, direct address
finally -nk 1 finally; tikinanpa 1 adv for the

last time, never to be repeated catch fish with a hook and line; panapiyo n a
find eporo 1 vt find; eseporo 2 vi find each variety of small, creek fish, known as patwa;
other peruperu n a variety of catfish; edible;
pina n a variety of fish with a skinny nose;
finger miya mukup 1 n finger; mukup1 1 n rek n a variety of edible catfish, skinfish;
finger sama 2 vt the practice of fishing with a pole
fingernail miya pip n fingernail put into the ground near the river and checked
fingers miya mukup 2 n the three largest periodically; sapoto n a variety of creek fish;
fingers of each hand sikisiki n a variety of yarrow fish, especially
in its young stage of development; tenmasa n
finish enonka 2 vr finish; enu2 vi be or become a variety of fish; tennank n a variety of small
finished, completed; imaka vt finish; tunka fish, often caught in a trap; triye n a variety of
vt finish, complete fish, morocot; also called tari fish; found in the
fire apo n fire Lower Mazaruni; uri n a variety of fish, hourie
fish; wara n a variety of large, scaled fish,
fire wood apo keme fire wood, wood used in a
yarrau; wara2 n a variety of large catfish;
cook fire
warakapuri 2 n a variety of fish, yarrau;
firefly kanpiyupiyu n a variety of large yokre n a variety of fish
firefly, candlefly; mateu n a variety of large
firefly fish trap ma n a structure built across a creek
to block and catch the fish in the creek as they
first ewapiyaka vi being or becoming first; try to swim back into the river; the fish trap
wapiya 2 adv first; wapiyaro 1 n first one used in same (sometimes called maswa);
firstborn mrewato firstborn maswa the fish trap used in a structure built
across a creek to block and catch the fish in the
fish aimara n a variety of large, river fish, good creek as they try to swim back into the river;
for eating, found in Lower Mazaruni River
moroi n fish trap made of woven sticks and
region; akaruwa n a variety of small, colourful
nipi and then set into a ma'
fish, often caught in traps; arosim n a variety
of logo-logo-like fish; aruwai n a variety of fishing line konoi ewa fishing line
scaled fish, hassar; asi 4 vt catch fish, using a fishing rod konoi epu fishing rod
net; eu n a variety of small, silver-coloured fish,
fist mokoro n fist
resembling a sardine; ikaramenu n a variety of
fish with stripes; edible; kn n a variety of fix koneka 4 vt fix
long, small snake-like fish; kairan 2 n a variety flash eweuweuma vi flash, as in lightning;
of fish; kairau1 n a variety of fish; kamoroni weuweukwa vi flash, as in lightning
n a variety of edible fish; kamut 2 vi not able
to fish well; kara n a variety of small fish;
flat pepa n a flat place; a flat thing
karoi1 n a variety of fish; koniya n a variety flat one tapiyu something flat, especially
of small, flat, silver fish; korwa 1 n a variety relating to canoes going flat as they age
of fish, commonly known as patwa; korwa 2 flavor eneima vt flavor; specifically, make
n a variety of fish, grey patwa; kura n a small salty
variety of fish; kurupasakwa n a variety of
larger silver fish; kuyaramenu n a variety of
flea sipn n flea
fish; maka vt fish, catch fish; mapi 1 n a flesh pun1 1 n flesh
variety of small fish, found mostly near the flint kako n flint stone; waruwa 3 n a substance
A'taro River mouth, along the Kukui River, a
from a tree used to light a fire; wato n flint
tributary of the Upper Mazaruni River; marai
n a variety of small fish; morau n a variety of float enpo vt float something, bring it to the
scaled fish edible, similar to the wara; yarrau; surface; epokwa vi float; usenpo 1 vi be or
moro n general term for fish; moroma vt become floating; utatuma2 2 vi float

floating down iwt vi floating down, going forest annota n a small, forested area
down-river surrounded by savannah; yu 1 n a general term
flood emnk 1 n flood; imnp 1 flood; for forest
parau 2 n flood; usemk 1 vi flood forever inke 3 adv forever, eternal; pena 2 adv
flour prowa n flour; sururu 1 n flour forever
flower ariku n flower; ipr n wild flowers; forget putkanp 1 vt forget;

ki n a variety of flower; big, red in colour, uputkank vt forget something;
blooming near Christmastime; similar to lilly; uputkap vi forget
the plant of same; urami2 n a variety of plant forgetting pu pra 2 n forgetting, not
with flowers that put out little orange petals in a remembering
ball shape, edible forgotten one wanpra something forgotten or
flush enpatapita vr be or become flushed, get a left behind
red face form e1 n form, shape
flute sarauka n indigenous bone flute; wsp fornicate ekuma 2 vi fornicate, to have sex
2 n traditional bone flute before marriage; ekumanka vt make someone
fly apirinta vt cause to fly, make a bird fly; fornicate; have illicit sex with someone
arinta1 vi fly, as a bird does; ariwom vi fly, four asakrne n the number four, 4
as a bird flies; enkarai n a variety of black,
biting fly; kankara 1 n a variety of fly; kank fox maikan n a variety of fox
1 n a variety of fly; kansi 1 n a variety of fly; fracture ekwt2 vt fracture, especially an arm
nunk n a variety of biting fly, troublesome or leg
during the day; sisi n a variety of biting fly, fragile kororou nom something fragile, easily
no-see-um, sandfly, troublesome during the broken
night; tur 2 n a green biting fly
fragrant one aponan 1 nom something
foam akoron n foam on the surface of the river, sweet-smelling or fragrant
due to rapids or falls in the vicinity; akoronta
vi foam, especially foaming at the mouth frame sura 2 n frame for tarpaulin
fold kototoka vt fold fresh one aser 2 nom something fresh;
ekenan 2 nom something fresh; isenan 2 nom
follow emapka vt follow something fresh
food kiyari n food; kusera 1 n food, any food; friend maipremu n friend; tonpa1 2 n friend
preri n food, any food; yu n any kind of food
fright enarike nom fright
fool enekut 1 vt fool, deceive
frighten nari1 vt frighten or scare someone
foolish one epe 1 nom someone foolish or
dumb; se2 nom someone or something foolish frightened enarinm vr be or become
frightened; eti vi be or become frightened;
foot pta n foot pam vi be or become frightened
footprint ptap n footprint frog anpa n a variety of frog good for eating,
footwear sapato 3 n footwear Krapo; karanakai n a variety of frog;
for ena 1 postp for; enaka 2 postp for; kan karuwami n a variety of small frog;
kopaikopai n a variety of frog;
postp for, designating purpose; p 7 postp for
kumapakarai n a variety of frog; kunawa n
force akwarka2 1 vt force, compel a variety of frog; kuwi n a variety of small frog;
forehead peep n forehead prtuku 1 n a variety of large, poisonous frog
that lives underwater; sinau1 n a variety of large
foreigner ene1 8 n foreigner
frog, also called 'mountain chicken';

suruwatiti n a variety of frog, living in the large seeds; mukuru n a variety of plant that
suruwa tree; waroma n a variety of fine frog, bears a hard tomato-like fruit; opan 2 n fruit of
edible, lives on land; wr n a variety of white- the same tree; pirimokon n a variety of fruit;
backed frog; makes a loud 'wuri' sound piy 2 n a variety of wild fruit from the same
from enta postp from, with regard to time, as in, tree; saparaw 2 n fruit of the same tree;
from then on; ko postp from; poi 2 postp from, saraurai n a variety of small, round fruit;
from off of; ponsik postp from; sik 1 postp uma1 n a variety of fruit similar to but smaller
from; win 4 postp from; winpai postp from than the sapadilla; also smelly, but sweet; wt
n a variety of fruit with hard purple skin and
from in apai1 postp from in; kapai postp from large seed with grape-like pulp between; also
in; napai postp from in; rapai postp from in used as a building material
front of; tapai postp from in; yapai postp from
in fruitfly kank 2 n a variety of fruitfly
from now on krpai adv from now on fry aino1 vt fry, parch
fruit aitaraku n a variety of fruit that has a fulfilled utakut vr be or become fulfilled
bumpy, yellow skin; sour flavour; akarasa n a full aweta 1 vi be or become full
variety of fruit tree, waiti (brown pods); full one mu2 nom something full or whole,
akorka n a variety of grape-like fruit, green especially the moon
in colour, turning purple when ripe; eperu n
general term for the fruit of any plant; ipa 1 n fungus kainaku 2 n the fungus associated with
fruit; isakari n a variety of fruit, ping-pong the childhood sickness
ball-sized round fruits; kaisarako n a variety funnel waitururu n funnel, often made from
of fruit with a hard, yellow skin with bumps; calabash
kasima1 n a variety of fruit, star apple; fur ipo 4 n fur of an animal
artichoke-looking, soursop-tasting fruit;
kayarap 1 n the fruit of the kaya'ra'p tree, further mnwinki adv further
used to make face paint; kw 1 n a variety of future mr2 1 adv (future tense); siya 2 adv far
fruit grown on a vine similar to the sumutu vine; into the future, forever
makarin 1 n a variety of grape-like fruit, green future possession oton what is to be
turning to purple when ripe; mata n a variety (mine/yours/his)
of fruit tree bearing small grape-like fruit with
future tense -nk 2 future tense
Gg
gas ank 2 vt make a gas, as in the cassava get bigger utamo vi get bigger
drink becoming alcoholic get into a boat ekanwat vr get into a boat
gate mrata 2 n gate get off ut 2 vi get off
gather amra vi gather, collect, crowd together; giant piyaima n giant
en 1 vi gather, come together
gill anikura 1 n gill of a fish
gecko kankasa 2 n gecko
ginger kwarona n ginger
gentle one tn 1 n someone gentle
girl mana akan pre-pubescent girl; manon n
get ena1 1 vi get; eporo 5 vt get, as in birthing girl, a young female, direct address; urisan 1 n
children, becoming a mother; kamota 2 vt get girl

give erepa 1 vr give of oneself; tr2 1 vt give calabash; kasiyo n a variety of small gourd;
psau 3 n drinking gourd
give blood mnt vt give blood
grab asi 1 vt grab
given etr vr given, given by oneself, given
for oneself grace merunt 3 n grace
glass wanamari 2 n glass grandchild pa1 n grandchild, both male and
female, indirect address; pari n grandchild,
glory krore 1 n glory, supernatural brightness direct address
glowing ren nom glowing, something like a fire grandfather Papa 2 n grandfather, for direct
glue asip vt glue address; papai 2 n grandfather, direct address;
glutton mentaino 2 someone who is a glutton papatan 2 n grandfather, direct address;
tamokori n grandfather, indirect address
gnash kttima 2 vt gnash one's teeth
grandmother aai 3 n grandmother, direct
go enta 1 vi go; tunta vi go; ut 1 vi go address; amai 1 n grandmother, direct reference
go ahead enta 3 vi go ahead (?); kokoi n grandmother; direct address; no n
grandmother; nono n grandmother, direct
Go away enta 2 vi go away; niyar interj Go
address; Nosoto 3 n grandmother
away!; sare Go away!
go down ut 3 vi go down granulated one samururun 2 nom something
granulated
go fast aituma vt make something or someone
grass akin 2 n hard-to-cut grasses and weeds;
go fast
kosopre 1 n a variety of tall grass with fuzzy
go home utunta vi go home white top; manare 1 n a variety of grass used
go in ewom vi go in, especially into a building in weaving warishi; masapre n a variety of
short, savannah grass with fuzzy white top; ppu
go out epaka 1 vr go out; usenkt vi go out,
1 n a large variety of grass, sectioned like
become extinguished, as in a fire
bamboo; grass from which boys make short
go outside epaka 2 vr go outside as through a blow pipe; sara n a variety of grass or weed,
door razor grass; sarani 1 n a variety of grass with
go up enuku 1 vi go up, move in an upward seeds that children like to eat; sarani 2 n a
direction variety of creek grass that lives underwater;
urin n a variety of underwater grass; wana 1 n
go up-river enuku 2 vi go up-river grass, a general term; wanapim n a variety
goal enpaka 3 vt make a goal of lemon grass; wrum n a variety of thick
goat kapirita n goat grass, sometimes used by the Arekuna or other
savannah inhabitants for thatching
goatee mta sipo 2 n goatee
grasshopper karai n a variety of grasshopper;
God Kaat nprop God; Papa 1 nprop the name karapisa n a variety of large, green
given to God; Father God; the Creator God, God grasshopper; kitata n a variety of small, green
of the universe, infinite in Being and grasshopper; kopapa 1 n a variety of
transcending time, etc. grasshopper known for its swimming ability;
gold kor n gold soisoi n a variety of hump-backed
good one wak 1 nom someone or something grasshopper, the sound of which aids in keeping
time, chirping fast in evening, slow in morning
good
goods imamin 2 n goods grate kn vt grate cassava
gorilla kwata 2 n gorilla grater simari n cassava grater
gourd kasakra 1 n a variety of gourd, grave uruwai 1 n grave

gravel t mukusan n gravel, a stony place group ye2 1 nom a large group of people
gray hair mumu n gray hair grove ekwa2 1 n grove
greedy one amre 1 nom someone acting grow ata1 2 vi grow; usemoka vr grow,
greedily; mentaino 1 someone greedy for more referring to people or plants
of something s/he has tasted or experienced grow arms usemiyat vr grow arms or hands,
green one akra 1 nom fruit that is green, as a tadpole turning into a frog
unripe; isenan 1 nom something green; the grow legs etat vi grow legs, like a tadpole
colour of leaves growing into a frog
greeting miyar1 interj traditional greeting growing poorly usitank vi growing poorly
griddle eima n griddle used for baking cassava growl ukururum vi growl, as in that of a dog
bread
g-string waiku n traditional red cloth worn
grill sura 1 n a frame of sticks put over a fire to around the waist by men and older boys
lay meat on for smoking
guard pasima 2 vt guard
grind ekttika 2 vi grind, especially grind
one's teeth; epa 1 vt grind, as in provision for guava araya n a variety of wild guava tree or
porridge; kttima 1 vt grind fruit
groan anm vi groan guitar kaikara1 n guitar
groin monta 2 n groin gun arakapsa n gun
ground non2 2 n ground; teka vt bring ashore gunpowder kurupara 1 n gunpowder
ground itch pareta n ground itch gut wenup 1 n gut, intestines
Hh
habit eseru 1 n habit, way of doing things handsome one moine 2 nom a handsome
hail tuna tmooi n hail young man
hair inse n long hair, appropriate for girls and hang esama 1 vr hang oneself in order to
women; ipo 2 n hair; moi n pubic hair; mta commit suicide; sinka vt hang, tie up
sipo 1 n facial hair; pt sipo n chest hair; happiness ewakma n happiness
pup 2 n hair; putusipo n moustache happy eporima vr make oneself happy; be or
haircut pukuima 1 vt get a short haircut become happy; porima vt make happy
half asamyai half; -iwa 4 half of something, happy one pori n someone happy
half the quality mentioned hard one saman 2 nom something hard as in
half-skirt mosa1 2 n beaded half-skirt worn by texture
Akawayo women before western clothes were harden samantank 1 vt harden by drying,
introduced as in setting cassava bread out in the sun to dry;
hammer ama2 n hammer samantank 2 vt make someone a hardened
hammock akwa 1 n hammock person
hand miya n hand hardship ekamn 2 n hardship

handle epu 1 n handle harvest akuruta1 2 vt harvest; akt 2 vt
harvest; at 2 vt harvest; ikw vt harvest,

gather, pick; moka 2 vt take out from the back

ground; harvest Hell ina 3 n Hell
hat aro n hat help pikat 1 vt help
hatch emoita 2 vt hatch; emonsirika vr be help each other epikat 2 vr help each other
or become hatched; monsirika vt hatch eggs,
as a hen does help oneself epikat 1 vr help oneself
hate ekamra 1 nom having hateful feelings help oneself to something epikat 3 vr
toward another; ewanoma 3 vi hate; help oneself to something
ewaruma n hate; ewarumat 1 vt hate hiccough etkima vi hiccough
have faith apur1 4 vt have faith hidden esonam vr be or become hidden
he, she, it-subj iya he, she, it, as subject of a hidden one tonan nom something hidden
transitive sentence
hide ipip rp n hide of a dead animal;
he/she/it i- 1 he/she/it, third person verb prefix; onam vt hide
kr r 1 pron he, she or it
hill ikr n hill, an area with small hills
head pup 1 n head
him/her/it i- 2 him/her/it, third person verb
headache mai1 1 nom headache, something prefix; kr r 2 pron him, her or it
giving one a headache
hip ekunari n hip
heal epit 1 vi be or become healed; pit vt heal
someone
his/her/its i- 3 his/her/its, third person noun
prefix; kr r 3 pron his, her or its
healed usepit vr be or become healed
hit ewantmo vi hit someone in the abdomen or
healer epitnin 2 n healer, in the traditional belly; ewn 1 vr hit oneself; ewn 2 vi be or
sense become hit; tinka 1 vt hit; wn 1 vt hit
health care worker epitnin 1 n health care hoard amrenm 1 vi hoard, keep to oneself;
worker amrennpa vt make someone hoard
healthy one kan 3 nom someone healthy something
heap kapu n heap, pile hoarse maimuka vt make one hoarse, cause
one to lose one's voice, make one not able to
hear eta2 1 vt hear talk
heart ewan enap n heart; ewantpu n heart; hold api 1 vt hold; asi 2 vt hold; ekttka vi
the organ for pumping blood
hold tightly; enam vt hold
heat amintank 1 vt heat, make something
holder won1 3 n holder
hot; pika2 vt heat, as in the effect of the sun on
the earth hole a 2 n hole in wooden trunk, used for
pounding corn or other grain; euta n hole; yen 2
heated aminta 1 vi be or become heated
n hole
Heaven Epn nprop heaven; ka2 2 n the Holy Spirit oreko n Holy Spirit; Holy Ghost;
heavens, Heaven; pata 2 n the Holy City,
Papa Akwar nprop Holy Spirit, the Spirit of
Heaven
God, the manifestation of God at work in and
heavy one etamne nom something heavy through his believers
heed sanoma1 5 vt pay attention home patase n home
heel ppiyamu n heel; ppiyasa n heel honest inai 3 nom honest
held utasi 1 vr be or become held honey kotoko n a type of sweet-sour honey;
held back utakma vr be or become held tusan 2 n honey

honeycomb moronp 2 n honeycomb hunt aponka1 vt hunt; eotoka vr hunt for

hook konoi n fish hook; panasika n a type of oneself; itapa 2 vt hunt; kamut 1 vi not able
hook made from wire to hunt well; o pokon hunt for meat with
hunting dogs; otoka vt hunt for several days;
horizon kaprakon n horizon wotorit vt hunt for meat
horn ret 1 n horn of a cow, often used as an hunt for oneself esaponka vr hunt for
instrument to call others to a meeting or other oneself; fish for oneself
event; watapu n horn
hunter akamana nom hunter; mtana pen
horse kaware n horse someone who is not good at hunting or fishing;
hot one ane nom something hot, as in mtana ye n a good hunter or fisherman;
temperature or intensity of the sun ontman n hunter
house ut 1 n house; tapuruka n house with hunterq sapa2 n hunter
rectangular thatched roof; tukusipan a style of hunting otori 1 nom hunting
round house
hurricane kuranau 2 n hurricane
housefly weruwe 1 n housefly
hurry usenut vi hurry
how
hurt prasokome vt hurt or injure another's
human kapon 1 n human, person, male or ankle
female
hurt one ene1 2 nom someone experiencing
humble one sape n someone humble; tn 2 n hurt or pain
someone humble
hurt ones own ankle eprasokome vr
hummingbird tukui2 n hummingbird hurt one's own ankle
hunger iwan 1 n hunger husband tamop n husband
hungry one wan nom someone hungry hymn eren n hymn, song
Ii
I si- 1 I; u- 1 I, first person verb prefix; ur 1 pron excessive mining or burning of the bush; paran
I 1 n illness, sickness, a general term; takuru n
illness; urup2 n an illness with indications of
idol ikasa n idol, image; t 4 n idol
burning skin and insides
if yau2 conj if imitate maimuk 3 vt imitate, answer with a
ignorant pu pra 1 ignorant similar call; pataka 1 vt imitate
ignorant one pu pn nom someone without immediate tosar nom immediate, straight
knowledge or insight, ignorant, senseless away
iguana wayakana n iguana immediately mr2 2 adv immediately
ill etank vt cause someone to become ill by impatient usapiyekwa vi be or become
making them eat forbidden food; usetank vr impatient
be or become ill by eating something forbidden impregnate monota vt make pregnant;
illegitimate prau n illegitimate, a child born impregnate
without his mother being legally married imprison asi 5 vt hold someone captive or in
illness imoronp n an illness caused by prison; enoma 2 vt imprison, put into prison

in awon n leader; ka1 postp in; na2 postp in, n a variety of small insect that chirps in the
through; nau postp in; pona 2 postp in; ra mid-day heat
postp in; ta 1 postp in; tau postp in; ya 1 inside ar2 postp inside; waito 2 inside surface
postp in; yau1 postp in of a container
in groups of pane postp in groups of inside out wenasokoi 2 nom inside out
in order to p 3 postp in order to instrument arawera n a musical instrument of
in place of uriya 2 postp in place of questionable origin and makeup; rikarika n a
variety of musical instrument important in
in the direction of pona 3 postp in the Alleluia tradition, of unknown origin and
direction of quality; wai2 n a musical instrument important
incense aponan 3 n incense; waruwa 2 n to the Alleluia tradition
incense from the candlewood tree insufficient one akre ke something
included nr 2 adv included insufficient to meet the need
increase epam 1 vi increase in number or interrogate atoma 1 vt interrogate
strength; epirip vi increase; pan 1 n increase, intestine wenup 2 n intestine
either for the worse or for the better; pirik2 2
vt make something to increase
into asana postp into the midst of; kau postp
into; ta 2 postp into
industrious one arike nom something or
someone industrious; emiyapoke 2 someone
inviting -tan inviting the hearer to 'Come and
industrious V'
infested one sikpan nom someone or irritate irikwa vi irritate, especially a sore or
something infested with chiggers or burrowing wound
fleas is esi vi is, to be, are
inhale kuka 2 vt inhale; una vt inhale, but only island opaw n island; paw n island
in reference to smoking tobacco I-subj uya 2 postp I, as subject of a transitive
inject atka 2 vt inject, give an injection sentence
inland kataki 2 adv inland, away from the itch esisima vi itch; ewepma vi itch;
water, usually up-hill; kawinki 3 adv inland utaimerunpa 2 vi itch
from the river, in the direction of a higher itch-producing on something, usually a plant
elevation going away from the river with hairy skin, that makes a person's skin itch
inland area paktan 2 n inland area when touched
inquire prka 1 vt inquire, ask about itchy usika vr be or become itchy
insect kirisa n insect; manaimanai n a item otori 2 n what you get or obtain from any
variety of small, burrowing insect that digs a experience
conical hole in the sand to trap other bugs for its item of fact man1 the aforementioned verbal
food; moromoro n a variety of insect that phrase is an item of fact
bears a white substance on its back; nonan1 2 n
a variety of insect; kabora; a large variety of Im here sar1 interj I'm here. a common
biting fly, mostly found on the savannah; response to the common greeting, Miyar.
sirikare n a variety of insect that lives in a Im not sure ewai nawon I'm not sure; I don't
hole in the ground (bee; wasp; millipede?); know; the unsure response to a yes-no question
sitisiti n a variety of insect - but what?; wiy

Jj
jaguar tmenen n jaguar objects; tonpat vt join, become part of a
larger group
jaw intatoi n jaw; apon the upper jaw
joined etonpat vr be or become joined
jealous kne 4 nom jealous; knta 1 vi be or
become jealous joker warat joker, a person rarely serious
jerk utatmuruku vi to experience an jombie kuru 2 n jombie, bogeyman
uncontrollable jerk or pain in one's side that is a judge menka 1 vt judge
sign that what one is thinking of will never
happen; utatmuruna n an inadvertant jerk or
judged emenka vi be or become judged
stab of pain in one's side juice kum n juice
Jesus Seiso 1 nprop Jesus; Sises nprop Jesus jump esanm vi jump onto
join pknat vt join together inanimate
Kk
kanaima itoto n kanaima, evil spirit; kanaim kind ekwa3 1 n kind
n kanaima; an evil spirit; king kin n king, ruler
Kareta Kareta nprop the name given to a king vulture anwana n king vulture
prophet in the Alleluia church; teacher of
Tarikiran kiss asuka 2 vt kiss; kutima vt kiss, suck on;
peisuka vt kiss; utasukan n a kiss
keep enkurunpa vt keep something to oneself;
have no trouble concerning; inma vt keep kissed utasuka 1 vi be or become kissed
something to oneself knead kima vt knead
keep awake wetum vt keep someone else knee esemu1 n knee
awake
kneel esekunka 2 vi kneel
keeping watch emakwa 1 vt keeping watch,
stay awake knife mariya 1 n a small knife;
mariyamrep n small knife; supara 2 n
kibihee kwasi n a variety of small mammal with any knife
a long snout, similar in marking to a raccoon
knock tinka 2 vt knock
kick wn 5 vt kick
know itu 1 vt know; tokank 1 vt know;
kidney apa2 n kidney; the kidney of larger usitu 1 vr know for oneself
animals and humans; kuima2 n kidney; the
kidney of smaller animals know oneself etokank vr know oneself;
understand oneself
kill tka vt kill; wn 3 vt kill
known usenpoika vi be or become known
killed wsa n someone or something killed
Kono paru Kono paru nprop the name given
killer wnin n killer to a creek along the path between Pipiri pai and
Amoko kupai

Ll
labba urana n labba grow new leaves; eta1 n leaf; muna n a type of
leaf used in tuma; similar to the tania leaf; teki
labia pare1 2 n labia, the outer portion of a
2 n a long leaf, the juice of which is sometimes
woman's sex organ
added to the cassava drink; wti n the leaf of
labour etinka vi a woman in labour, about to a variety of plant, which can be applied to cure
deliver a baby ground itch
lack appetite entaka2 vi lack appetite leak sekwa n leak; useekwa vr leak of its own
lamp raanpu n lamp accord
lance ransa n lance leak out eekwa vi leak out of something for
which the fluid should stay in
land maki n land, someplace dry; non2 1 n
land lean etnka vi lean against something
landing peya n landing; tunakwa 2 n landing, lean one karawa 2 nom lean, without much fat
one's place for getting to the water or river leap etataukwa vi leap, jump
lap emata 2 n lap leave inonka vt leave something; nm vt leave
large river kupai n a large river behind
larger entai 3 nom a larger job than a person can leave alone nonka 2 vt leave alone
handle left enm 1 vr be or become left behind;
larva ik 1 n mosquito larva; ik 2 n a variety kaami 2 the left direction; kami n left-hand
of larva that grows in wounds on the skin side
last umat 2 vi last left one kaami 1 the left hand

late epiyat 1 vi late; ewarumam 1 vi be or leftovers tonpap n small scraps left over
become late in the day from a meal
late one koma nom something or someone late; leg emata 1 n leg
ukomam 3 nom late in the day; a late time lend tr2 2 vt lend
late time emenp nom a late time lengthen nka 2 vt lengthen
laugh krpa vt make someone laugh; utakr leprosy ere 2 n leprosy
1 vi laugh
lest namai postp lest; prevent from doing
lay emoita 1 vt lay, as in chickens laying eggs something, disallow
lay down suraika vi lay down in a hammock let out pakank vt let someone out from a
lay eggs emoika vi lay eggs, as a hen does building
lazy emiyanm 1 vi being or becoming lazy Lets go. isir interj Let's go.
lazy one emiyane nom something or someone liar kasiye n liar
lazy lid petapuru n lid for a cooking pot
lead piroto 1 n lead, used for fishing weights and lie eprinka 2 vi lie, be in a lying position; kasi
bullets 2 n lie
leader epoto n leader, champion; epuru 2 n lie down eprinka 1 vi lie down; esuraika 2
leader; esa 3 n leader vi lie down; iseme 3 vi lie down, as a dog does
leaf areta vi be or become leafy, for a tree to life akwa1 3 n life, the essence of a person;

eman n life, living long one kusan 2 nom someone or something

lift arunpa 1 vt lift up long; oko 1 nom long in time spent doing
something
light akwa2 2 n light; pot 1 vt light; weyu 2 n
light long time oko 2 nom something taking a long
time to complete
light one asiono something light, not heavy
look enu pkr 2 vt look for, anticipate, hope for
lighten weit vt shine on something
look for warinpa 1 vt look for or search for
lightning kamiri n lightning
look for food usemo vi look for food, as
like ewakiri nom like, preference; kasa postp hummingbirds and pigs do, with their snouts; not
like, as; warai postp like, resembling referring to people looking for food
line ewa 1 n fishing line; utasit vi form a line loose aranka 1 vi be or become loosed; eukwa
lion wairarim 2 n lion 2 vt loose; tu 2 nom loose, not tied up
lip epi 1 n lip, the lower lip; putu pip n the loose one tokotoko1 nom something loose or
upper lip; putu1 3 n upper lip slack
lipstick entapima vi put on lipstick lord epuru 1 n lord, master, ruler; epuru wann
our lord
little rkw 2 little
live ukomam 2 vi live lose etokwa vi lose to a winner in a game
lose ones tail utaukwrka vr lose one's
live again opam vi come back to life, be
tail, as happens to a tadpole as he turns into a
resurrected
frog
liver ere n liver
lost utanoma 1 vr lose oneself; utanoma 2 vi
living at home ew 2 vi living at home be or become lost
lizard enwara n a variety of small, green, lost one kwentai nom something lost
lizard; kankasa 1 n a variety of wall lizard;
louse ayan n louse; kanami 1 n grass louse;
okopi n a variety of small lizard with read
misikiri n a variety of bug that grows on
throat; sakasa 2 n a variety of wall lizard;
people's hair, similar to lice
waimasa1 n a variety of lizard
love etupa vt love, show affection toward
load art 2 vt load a gun another, especially as a dog to his master;
lock aino3 1 n lock; ainot vt lock, bolt innka vt love, show affection
locust kairan 1 n a variety of locust; kairau2 n love each other usinnka 2 vr love each
a variety of locust; katarara n a variety of other
locust; kotorinsai n a variety of locust; sasa love oneself usinnka 3 vr love oneself
n a variety of locust; wayama ak n a variety
of locust, often found on blood wood trees; wi loved usinnka 1 vi be or become loved
ak n locust loved one inn nom someone loved by another
loin cloth kamisa n loin cloth, a long, narrow low apa1 1 vi be or become lower, as in the water
strip of red cloth worn long ago by men around level of a river
the waist and hanging down in front
lower back epiya 2 n the lower part of the
lonely place tkenan 2 n a lonely place back
long ago pena 1 adv long ago; twr 2 adv long lowly sepan2 nom lowly
ago
lucky usemiyawa vi be or become lucky when
long hair insewairen long hair, but not as long trying something for the first time
as inse'
lumber oro 2 n the wood of the oro tree, cut up

into slats for roofing on which shingles or tin are lunatic itayaupasa lunatic
nailed; paranka n lumber, boards
lunch preposi 2 n lunch
lump sokoro 2 n a lump or growth under the
skin lung toro1 n lung
Mm
macaw wayara n a variety of macaw mark maki 1 n mark
Macushi person makusi 1 n a Macushi marry ew 1 vi marry
person, the macushi tribe of Amerindians mash enok vr be or become mashed; epa 2 vt
Macushi tribe makusi 2 n the Macushi tribe mash; inok vt mash, usually cassava bread,
mad esakoropa vi be or become mad or angry to make porridge; kisisikwa 1 vt mash, usually
between one's thumb and forefinger; kisisikwa
madness sopai 1 n a madness that affects 2 vt mash grated cassava with one's hands to
kanaima make cassava bread or paiwari; sosoma vt
maggot weruwe 2 n maggot, the larval stage of mash, usually yam, pumpkin or banana, to make
the housefly it edible; takika vt mash; wasa 1 vt mash
mail kareta 2 n mail mash together kitaka vt mash together
make emaput 2 vt make, cause; kup 4 vt mashed eturuma 3 vi be or become mashed
make something; -ma to make (a noun a match masi n match; weyu 3 n match; any
particular state); to become (as a noun); -pa a stick with a light on the end of it
denominalizing suffix, meaning to make
whatever noun it is attached to me si- 2 me; u- 2 me, first person verb prefix; ur
2 pron me
make cassava drink ekut vt make cassava
drink means -to 1 the means to (verb)
make drunk taripa vt make someone else meat kanana n ground meat or fish; kanp n
drunk smoked meat; smoked fish; o n meat
make peace inpank 2 vt make peace mediator aporo 2 n mediator; kasanawon n
mediator; wapu 5 n mediator
male akonpi 3 n male; warawo 3 n any male
medicine tepi 2 n any kind of medicine in pill
malnutrition karawarim n dry malnutrition, form
or Marasmus, when one doesn't get enough of
every kind of food; usually associated with meet anm2 vt meet; eseporo 1 vr meet each
tareng or cursing; katim n wet malnutrition, other
or Kwashiorkor, due to not enough protein in melt awaina vi be or become melted or turned
one's diet; usually associated with taren or a into a liquid state
curse
mermaid paima n mermaid; twenkaron n
man ki 1 n an old man; moinerip n young mermaid
man; warawo 2 n young man
metal wakapun something made of metal,
mango mankurun 1 n mango tree; mankurun steel, or cast iron
2 n mango fruit
middle one aporo 1 nom the middle of
many anpisin 1 nom many items, especially something as in the length of river known as the
people; -pun having many of something Middle Mazaruni River; mukup2 nom middle

one troublesome during the day; masa n a variety

midnight anomra n midnight of savannah mosquito, troublesome at night
midst moth sepe n nothing, something stupid or

meaningless
mildew asanota vi be or become mildewed
mother aai 1 n mother, direct address; aai 2 n
millipede waime n millipede mother, direct address to a woman who serves
mind mainanpa 2 vt mind the role of one's mother or grandmother; amai 2
n mother, direct address; Nosoto 2 n mother;
mirror wanamari 1 n mirror san 1 n mother, Indirect address
mischevious one maminit nom someone mother-in-law ewop n mother-in-law,
mischevious
indirect address; wan 2 n mother-in-law,
mischievous one patant nom someone direct address
mischievous or wild
mothers brother tamo 2 n uncle, one's
miserable ekamra 3 nom miserable, mother's brother; one whose children are of
uncomfortable, feeling bad marriagable status to the speaker, indirect
misplace anoma 1 vt misplace, lose address; umi 2 n one's mother's brother, direct
address
miss premek 1 vt miss
mothers cousin wan 3 n mother's cousin,
mist kapuru 1 n mist, fog direct address
mock eneima vt mock, make fun of someone mothers male cousin inton 3 n mother's
mode -ne2 using a mode described by the male cousin, direct address
attached noun; when used with the number two, mothers sisters husband kipn1 3 n
it means 'two by two' uncle; more specifically, one's mother's sister's
molar epotor molar husband; papai 4 n uncle; more specifically
one's mother's sister's husband, direct address
mole kapimntk n mole
motion
money prata n money
mountain t 3 n mountain; w n mountain
monkey arauta 1 n a variety of howler monkey;
iposo n a variety of monkey; iwaruwana 1 n mouse unp n a variety of mouse or rat
a variety of monkey that eats cane; iwarka 1 mouth mta n mouth
n monkey, the general term; kwata 1 n a variety
of large monkey move ama1 vt move; ewrukwa vr move
oneself, especially when going to live in another
monster mora n a variety of monster place; prinka 1 vt move; utama vr move
month kapi 2 n month oneself; move something for one's own benefit;
wruka vt move
moody koroima vi be or become moody
much miyar2 much
moon kapi 1 n moon
mud ball piroto 3 n mud ball
Mora euta Mora euta nprop the name given
to the place chosen for the most recent Kako muddy ekutuma vi be or become muddy;
village kururu nom muddy, soft mud after a rain
more par adv more; sarpar 1 adv more muddy one iku nom a muddy place
morning awanaki adv in the morning; mukuru manare 2 n mukuru, used to make
emasa 2 n morning, the next morning baskets, warichis, etc.
mortar a 1 n mortar muscle kara1 2 n muscle
mosquito mapi n a variety of mosquito, mushroom aku pana a variety of mushroom,

similar in shape to an agouti's ear; ene warisa shape? colour?); yi pana general term for
n a variety of mushroom, has a woven look and mushroom
nasty smell; ewako n a variety of mushroom; mussel ptne n a variety of mussel, bivalve;
itoto pana n a variety of mushroom; rato 2 n mussel, a bivalve
kapiyakwa n a variety of edible mushroom;
karakara n a variety of white mushroom; must have nak2 adv must have; showing
kmrse n a variety of orange-coloured certainty
mushroom; korkopiso n a variety of mustache etapo n mustache
mushroom; kwaran pana a variety of dark my u- 3 my, first person noun prefix; ur 3 pron
brown mushroom, "sloth ear" (because of the
my
Nn
nail kaiwat vt nail; poka 3 vt nail; tui n nail found in many tree tops; yen 4 n nest
name esak 3 vt name; ese 1 n name; eset vt net pent n fish net, closely knit; punwe n a
give a name to someone or something; useset cord-type fish net
vr name oneself new one emenna 1 something new
navel poni n navel, belly button news ekare n news, information, a retelling of
near air2 postp near; -i1 near in time recent events; kareta 1 n news
near the edge kataporo postp near the edge next tron 2 next
nearby poir1 postp nearby niece pase 1 n niece; a man's sister's daughter
nearly -iwa 5 nearly night ewarup 1 n night; temakwai n night
neck pm n neck nipple mana putu the nipple of the breast
necklace apkam n a traditional variety of no kane adv no, the negative answer to a yes/no
necklace; awoino n a traditional variety of question
necklace; emekam n a variety of traditional noisy one panaka nom something or someone
necklace; mokon n a traditional variety of noisy
necklace; momo n beaded necklace;
nominal -won nominalizer, used on verbs to
pmkam n a traditional variety of necklace form a noun equivalent to the preceding noun
needle akusa 1 n sewing needle; akusa 2 n phrase
syringe nominalizer -n nominalizer suffix; -to 3 a
negative -pn negative suffix to make the verb a noun
neglect putkanp 2 vt neglect nose enna1 n nose
negro mekoro n negro, a black person, a person not pen adv not; pra 1 adv not
of African descent nut ennapk n a variety of nut; eroi 2 n the
neighbour akono n neighbour variety of nut from the same tree; inp 2 n a
nephew poito 1 n nephew; wanp n nephew, variety of nut with an oval shape; kapawi n a
to a female variety of nut, also with some edible fruit on it;
kokonota 2 n the nut of the coconut tree;
nest kntu n the nest of a ground-dwelling ant; kumeiwarai 2 n a variety of nut from the same
pon2 1 n a bird's nest; pon2 2 n a wasp's nest; tree, edible, an unusual seed pod from the same
tusan 3 n bees' nest; utu 2 n wood ant nest tree; mopa n the common peanut; parep n a

variety of nut small, oblong, yellow-orange, nutritious one posin 2 nom something
from a palm tree with very bitter flavour; nutritious
wark 2 n a variety of nut from the same tree
Oo
obedient main aworon someone who is one who -nin one who (verb)s, changing a verb
obedient into a noun; -sen one who does V
obey apur1 3 vt obey ones childs spouses parents nikiti n the
ocean parau 1 n ocean, sea parents of one's child's spouse in relation to the
child's parents, indirect address
ocelot kaikusi 1 n ocelot
onion aiyunu n onion
odor k n the smell of a thing, its odour
only rken adv only; sar2 adv only
odour isarak nom the odour of underarm
perspiration, body odour onto po1 2 postp onto; pona 4 postp onto
offer akonoma1 vt offer, as in an item of food or open akoka vt open; ekarima vi open;
drink, to a visitor ewarauka vi be or become opened; karima
2 vt open, specifically a farm that a person cuts
offer a drink wopa vt offer a drink bigger and bigger over time; kpo 1 n an open
Oh! ain interj Oh!; expressing regret; s interj place; utakoka vr be in an open state or to
Oh!, sharing hopeless feelings become open; warau nom something open;
Oh, no! skw interj an exclamation of surprise warauka 1 vt open; wonka vt open
or accident opening mrata 3 n opening; npon 2 n
oil ekarapaima 1 vr put oil on oneself; karapa opening
1 n oil, usually referring to oil for hair; opossum aware n opossum
karapaima vt oil, put on hair oil; kasi 2 n oil opposite ratoi 3 n opposite
old ki 2 n old age; -p 2 old; previous; or kat conj or
previously used as a (stem); -rp old, an
action or relationship that happened in the orange one tkotonpiren nom the colour
distant past and/or is no longer in effect; orange
ukipam vi be or become old orchid wikamatu n a variety of vanilla orchid
old man inton 2 n old man; papatan 3 n old order apiyoma 1 vt give orders to work;
man, direct address koneka 3 vt order
old one pooip nom something old organ pare1 1 n an abdominal organ, likely the
old place patap 1 n old place, former place, spleen, or the pancreas
abandoned settlement orphan piyapaino n orphan; prau 1 n orphan
on okoi postp on; p 5 postp on; po1 1 postp on orphaned epiyapainoma 2 vr be or become
once tikinanpa 2 adv once orphaned
one having fits amariwakpan 2 nom Osi Osi nprop the name given to a waterfall near
someone having seizures or fits, someone Paruima
suffering from the bite of an amariwa' snake other side ratoi 4 n the other side, opposite
one thing tikin n one thing from where one is
otherwise myawr 2 adv otherwise, in the

other sense oval shape inp 1 nom used to describe the

otter krakra n a variety of otter, water dog; shape of a traditional Akawayo structure or
maparuwa n a variety of black otter, water building with two center posts; used to describe
dog, a larger variety than the saro; saro1 n a the shape of a sour nut (poss. parepu)
variety of otter, water dog, a smaller variety over entai 1 postp over
than the maparuwa
overcome itepoikanse n overcome
Ouch! aka2 interj an expression of experiencing
unexpected pain
overflow ank 1 vi overflow
our ina1 3 pron our owe komank vt owe
outside kpo 2 n the outside surface of an owl arawo n owl; tpoi n general term for owl;
object tokotoko2 n owl, the general term
owner esa 2 n owner
Pp
pack ent vt pack; usit2 vi pack tree; patawa 1 n a variety of palm tree;
takapiya n a variety of palm tree from which
pack up amuku 2 vt pack up; usemaika vt thatch material is taken; similar to a blow pipe
pack up one's things tree frond, making good-quality upper thatching;
paddle ikura vt paddle a canoe; kuwire n a warami are a variety of palm tree; wasiwiya
small paddle; naire n paddle; sawaisawai n n a variety of palm tree; wayapiro 4 n a
double paddle, as is used in kayaking; turupe variety of palm tree
vi paddle; ukrt vi paddle; usikura vr palm nut kwai2 n a variety of palm nut, found
paddle mostly on savannah areas
pain aimerunpa vt cause someone to be in pain; pan siparari n roti baking pan
araik vi feel sudden pain in one's side;
ekuma vi experience pain, not physically, but pants puruku 1 n pants
in mind or spirit; ininpayan vt cause pain; papaya kapaya n papaya, the fruit or the plant
kirika vi a pain in one's cheek that signals paper kareta 4 n paper
future fever
parakeet maran n parakeet
pained utaimerunpa 4 vr be or become pained
parasite map n any intestinal or other internal
paint emenu n paint; emenut vt paint;
parasite
paramari 1 n paint; usemenut vr paint
oneself with annato dye, a traditional practice of parents sanon n parents
the Akawayo Amerindians parrot anaika n a variety of fan-headed parrot;
pale one tenparasaimunan nom someone or karaikarai n a variety of parrot; kawa n a
something pale variety of green parrot; kayakaya n a variety
palm akiyau n a variety of spiny-trunked palm of parrot; kyi n a variety of parrot;
tree with small nuts for fruit; karana 1 n a kurewaki n a variety of parrot; kuriwai n a
variety of palm tree common to the savannah variety of blue-headed parrot; orowe n a
areas, the leaves of which are used as a roofing variety of small parrot; sakui n a variety of
material; kokonota 1 n the coconut tree; parrot; saresare n a variety of purple parrot;
kunwa 1 n a type of palm tree; kwai1 n a sirikan n a variety of parrot that flies together
variety of palm tree; minia n a variety of palm in large numbers; soroma n a variety of large,

green parrot people Iremuko nprop a person or people from

part akap n a part of something; ewoknka around the Iren River; Kakorko nprop the
vi part, as in clouds parting in the sky to let the name given to Akawayo Amerindians living
sun shine through; pk1 2 n a part of along the Kako river; Kamraniko nprop the
something name given to Akawayo Amerindians living
along the Kamran River; Karawko nprop a
partner etapu 1 n partner; isakon n partner; group of people living in a place called
ratoi 2 n partner; tonpa1 3 n partner Karaw'ta; ko1 n people, tribe, the people
pass entaka1 1 vi pass, pass by; entaka3 1 vi indigenous to a partiicular area; Kukuiko
pass a test; usentaka vi be or become passed nprop the name given to the Akawayo
up, passed by Amerindians who live along the Kukui River;
pass wind ekwata vi pass wind, fart Kuwatimuko nprop a person or people from
the area around the Kuwa'ti River, near Brazil;
passed emak 2 vi after night has passed, Kwatin 2 nprop a person or people of mixed
through the night Akawayo/Brazilian heritage; Masurimuko
passionfruit sukusuku n passionfruit nprop the group of Akawayo Amerindians living
past tense -p 1 past tense; -ta3 past tense along the Mazaruni River; Orosiko 1 n the
name given to a group of 'wild people' living
path asanta n path, trail, line; ema2 n path, line; between Akawayo area and the Venezuela
emap 1 n a path or track someone has border without any outside contact who are
travelled through; emphasis is on the past usage trying to maintain their hidden lifestyle;
of the path; raipa n a less-travelled path Poitoma 1 nprop the name given to a group of
through the bush people living between the Upper Mazaruni and
pattern kamariya 2 n a pattern or design Venezuela, having no outside contact; Poitoma
representing the swallow bird, used in paintings 2 n people who live in the bush and shun contact
or designs on pots, etc.; kapiya n a variety of with other humans; tunayana n a group of
pattern used in weaving; waikarap 2 n the people, exceptionally large Amerindians, living
pattern of weaving used to make a basket or in Brazil
quake pepper ine 1 n a variety of hot pepper; karoi2
patty sipipa 2 n a cooked, starch patty n a variety of hot pepper, shaped like the fish of
the same name; koropakai n a variety of long,
pause epaka 1 vi pause yellow hot pepper; piyaima pmi giant
pay back entakanoma vt pay back, return pepper; pmi1 n a variety of hot pepper with
pay for ema1 vt pay for; buy; purchase small gourd-shaped fruits on a bush; sirim n a
variety of hot pepper; torotoroim n a variety
payment epe 2 n payment for work done, of yellow, sweet pepper, a variety of large red
reward pepper; tuneren n salted hot pepper
peace ereuta 3 vi be at peace, have peace; pepper bush ine 2 n a variety of hot pepper
usewankonoma 1 vi be or become worried, bush
troubled
pepperpot ak2 1 n contents of pepperpot; fish,
peaceful one wak 4 nom someone or meat, etc.
something peaceful
perceptive one enwone 2 nom someone
pear apa n pear, avocado perceptive
peel ikwa 1 vt peel, as in a fruit or vegetable; perfect one wak 2 nom someone or something
ipo 2 vt peel perfect
pelt ipikwa vt pelt, hit, as with an arrow; perfective -sa 1 perfective tense
piriukwa vt pelt
period emase n a woman's monthly period,
penis waira n penis; yun n penis

menstruation plain rmono 2 n a flat place or area, a plain

person enpp 2 n a person no longer plait kap 1 vt plait, braid
possessed by an evil spirit; kaponoko n
person, especially as addressed by a giant or plan ekama 2 vi plan for oneself
other mythical character; -n1 a suffix to say the plant epm vi plant; mn 2 n a thorny plant;
item being mentioned is a person kansi 2 n a variety of weed or grass that
pestle aino2 1 n pestle, as for grinding corn produces seeds that stick to skin or clothes;
karuwasa n a variety of orchid with striped
pet ikn n pet leaves; kasakra 2 n a variety of gourd plant;
petal pr n flower petal kayarap 2 n a plant from which fruit is taken
pick aka1 2 vt pick; akuruta1 1 vt pick; to make face paint; konopiya n a variety of
plant with large, red berries and banana-leaf-like
arunpa 2 vt pick up; pt vt pick; pika vt
leaves; kunami n plant with broad leaf and
pick a fruit
black seeds; the poison from same, mashed and
pick up amuku 3 vt pick up; anm1 3 vt pick used to poison fish; kuraya 1 n a variety of
up plant similar to the pine, from which a medicine
piece piyap n piece, section is made to cure cervical cancer; kuruwe n a
variety of plant that produces a fruit; man2 n a
pierce atka 1 vt bore, prick, pierce, stick into
variety of plant with gum; mosa2 n a variety of
one's skin
plant from which leaves are taken to make a
pig pakira n a variety of small, wild bush pig; thatch roof; pareura n a variety of lily;
peiruku n pig, a domesticated pig; pink n a patama vt plant; pm vt plant; sirik2 n a
variety of wild pig variety of plant; tanwaya n a variety of bush
pinch punuka vt pinch plant (bird's nest fern) from which leaves are
taken to make thatch roofing, philodendron
pineapple kaiwara n pineapple plant; uruma 2 n a variety of plant with broad
pink eye enku 1 n pink eye; sore or infected leaves and big fruit that birds eat; waimasa2 n
eyes a variety of plant - What kind?; ye1 1 n plant
pink one ttorire something purple, blue, or plantain isan n a variety of plantain; kuratana
pink n a variety of small plantain; manowara n a
pinky miya amip the smallest finger variety of plantain; omere n a variety of small,
rounded plantain; paruru n a variety of large
pipe kurai 2 n pipe plantain; prantin n plantain; topoiso n a
Piroi Ken Piroi Ken nprop the name given to variety of plantain
the settlement located at the mouth of the Piroi planted ekuruka vi be or become planted
creek, along the Upper Mazaruni River,
down-river from Jawalla plate parapi n plate, something to hold food
while one eats it
pit ina 2 n a pit
play enkarum vi play, as in what children do
pity usentuma vi have pity, show pity
together during their free time; turunpa vt play
Pisiwon Pisiwon nprop the Alleluia prophet an instrument; usennaka 1 vi play;
place emaika 1 vi place, put; pai 3 n place along usiminam vi play
a river; pata 1 n place; patatse 1 n a place plenty aitawainan nom plenty; eke 2 nom
of temporary residence, a campsite; tr1 2 vt plenty; tuke 1 nom plenty, so many
place; waika 2 n a place of a relatively middle plow an 2 vt plow
distance away from one
pluck apirika vt pluck feathers from a bird or
place outside enpakank vt place outside, fowl; ipoka vt pluck the feathers from a bird or
put someone or something outside of a house
fowl; kanka 1 vt pluck

plural am more than one; kon quant plural; possession -i2 possession; used to show that the
-ne1 plural suffix on postpositions, referring to stem is possessed
the plurality of the object of the postposition; possessions imamin 1 n possessions
ton quant plural suffix for the noun to which it
is attached possible poken1 adv might be, likely, possible
plural person -nokon plural person, for either post wakapu n the supporting posts of a house
first or second person pot eripoi n pot, a shallow clay pot for frying or
plural-person nan nom ones who are, those parching; in n a large cooking pot
which are, the plural portion of the personalizer potato ikrn 1 n purple potato; karanpisaku
suffix -nin n a variety of potato; kwaiso n a type of orange
point enusima vi point in the direction of potato, used in preparing cassava drink;
something using one's lips; epuika vt make a makwaiwarana n a variety of potato; sa 1
point on an arrow or fishing hook; pai 1 n point; n a variety of purple potato; sa 2 n a variety of
putu1 1 n the point of a pencil, stick or other sweet potato; sakura 2 n a variety of potato;
object; putu1 2 n point of an arrow; putusit sikmoi n a variety of potato
vt make pointed pour anuku 2 vt pour; ent 3 vt pour; ma2 vt
pointed putusi pan nom something pointed pour, especially of a liquid; parka vt pour,
empty casiri from the cooking pot into a barrel
poison aya n root used to poison fish; emaipa
vi poison oneself; eparan n poison; paisin n poured eparka vi poured
poison; tm 2 vt poison, using haiya root in powder pouta n powder
river water to float fish to catch with a net;
power krore 2 n supernatural power; merunt
urari 2 n a type of poison made from the urari
1 n power
vine, used on dart tips for hunting; urup1 2 n a
type of poison from the red seeds of the urub praise apur1 5 vt praise; poitoma vt praise
tree pray emaimupa vi pray; esekunka 1 vi pray;
poisonous one mai1 3 nom something prema vi pray; maimupa 2 vt pray for
poisonous someone; prema vt pray for; pray regarding
poke aima vt poke, as a stick into a hole preach ekama 2 vt preach; usenpataukwa1 vi
preach
pole yaina n pole used with trapisi, to squeeze
cane for juice pregnant one mono n one who is pregnant
policeman presiman n policeman prepare ekama 1 vr get oneself ready; prepare
pond ikup n pond, lake oneself; koneka 1 vt prepare
poor one entuma nom someone who is poor, prepared ekoneka vr be or become prepared
someone deserving of pity present tense -ya present tense
poor person iwannko poor person present/continuous -pt 1 present
porcupine aru n porcupine continuous tense
porridge ikwarmo vi make porridge; sapuru pretend usennaka 4 vi pretend

n a variety of sweet cassava bread porridge pretense itese n pretense
portion tonpa2 n a portion pretty one amanon 2 nom someone or
possessed of kenan 2 postp possessed of, something pretty
having prevent growth sitank vt prevent
possessed one ene1 3 n someone possessed by something from growing
an evil spirit prevented utakama 4 vr be or become
prevented from doing something

preying mantis parantarai 2 n preying dasheen

mantis; wansaraim n preying mantis publicly anna adv publicly
price epe 1 n price pull kka vt pull; pisik 2 vt pull
prick sirika vt prick a wound or sore to relieve pumpkin kauyama n pumpkin
pressure underneath
punish akonoma2 2 vt punish; eponisima vi
prison parikisi n prison punish, suffer, do poorly without the aid of
procreate umuta 3 vt procreate something; kotama vt punish; make someone
suffer
projectile piroto 4 n projectile
purify piyapap vt purify a house from illness
prolific usema vi prolific, having many babies using smoke and ritual
in short succession
purple one ttorire something purple, blue, or
prolific one mutan 1 nom something or pink
someone prolific, bearing many children
purpose -i1 purpose, intention; -to 2 the
prophecy purpose of (verb)ing
prophesy ekama 3 vt prophesy purse wakawa1 2 n purse
prophet epukena n prophet; pukena n pus ikumuru n pus
prophet, usually from the Bible or from Aleluia
traditions and history push kata vt push a wheelbarrow or drive one;
situka vt push
prostrate esuraika 1 vi lay prostrate or face
down on the ground before somebody or push off atuma1 1 vt push off, leave shore in a
something boat; utatuma2 1 vi push off from shore
protector wapu 2 n protector put kama vt put, place; patat vt put; tr1 1 vt
put
protruding one mosaire something protruding
from something else put away emaika 2 vt put away, put up, put
aside
proud emotaika vr be or become proud; kne
5 nom proud; mpeekuna proud, great in put on -ka put on (whatever noun is attached to
one's own eyes; umotaika vt make proud it)
proud one m2 nom someone who is proud or put over entaka1 2 vt put someone over
satisfied with him/herself someone else, as in having authority over him;
give authority
provision imun 2 n ground provision, general
term for potato, yam, cassava, etc.; waropai n puzzle enuminka 2 vt puzzle over, try to figure
a variety of ground provision or tuber, similar to out
Qq
queen arin 1 n a queen bee; kororo 2 n a quiet one epana nom someone or something
queen ant or bee or other insect quiet; tti 2 nom someone quiet; wak 3 nom
question word pe question word in questions someone or something quiet
requiring a yes-no answer quill ipo 3 n the quill of the porcupine; k 1 n
quill of a porcupine

Rr
rabbit koneo n a general term for rabbit recent past -sa 2 recent past
rack pari n rack, shelf recognize sanoma1 3 vt recognize; tokank
rafters ara 1 n horizontal rafters in a roof to 3 vt recognize
support shingles or tin roofing recover utopam vr recover, regain one's
rain tuna 3 n rain health, feel better again after an illness
rainbow kim 1 n rainbow; mereme 1 n rectum wenakan 1 n rectum

rainbow reduce kawata vt reduce in size; make smaller
rainy aiku 1 nom rainy weather reflexive t- his own
raise asarutank vt make something rise, as refuse ewarumat 2 vi refuse
in adding yeast to bread dough
refute maimuk 2 vt refute
raise up emsaka 2 vi raise up from the dead regret aiko 2 interj expression of regret
rake saraisarai 2 n rake reheat aminta 2 vi reheat, as in warming up
rancid ikun rancid, the smell of fish meat gone leftover food for the next meal
bad rejected one makup 2 something rejected
rap wn 2 vt rap, knock relative tonpa1 1 n a relative
rapids marari n rapids; mararita n a long relieve inpank 3 vt relieve
stretch of rapids
remaining epiyapainoma 1 vi be the only one
rash onpi n rash
remaining
rat sarku n a variety of small rat that eats remind emiyapont vt remind
cockroaches; tokotoim n a variety of rat;
urari n a variety of large rat with a white remove paka vt remove, take out
belly, edible remove hair kuwin 3 vt remove hair or
ration rasin n ration feathers using hot water
raw one isenan 3 nom raw, something not fully repeat inapo 2 vt repeat, as in saying something
cooked a second time
razor blade mawasa n razor blade repeated action sense -pt 2 repeated action
sense
read ekama 4 vt read; ene2 2 vt read
repent erat 3 vi repent; maimupa 1 vt
ready ekama 4 vi ready oneself, be or become encourage someone to repent, pray to change
ready for something someone
realize eporo 4 vt realize; eseporo 3 vi be reported speech main 3 n recorded or
realized reported speech
really nin adv really, very reproduce epam 2 vi reproduce, procreate
rebuke eseremek 1 vt rebuke; prka 2 vt resemblance em 2 n resemblance
rebuke
residence apon 4 n place of residence, home
receive anm1 1 vt receive; eporo 3 vt
receive; sanoma1 2 vt receive respect nama vt respect, honour
recent one emenna 2 something recent rest enkurum 2 vi rest; ereuta 4 vi rest;

eturuma 2 vi be or become resting; rock mup n rock; t 1 n rock, stone

umoronkap vr rest, relax
rocked rawoirawoima vi be or become rocking
restless utaimerunpa 1 vi be or become back and forth
restless
rod epu 2 n fishing rod
return ennapo vr return, go to or come back
from where one came; inapo 1 vt return
roll amokoma 1 vt roll into a ball, coil;
something; napo vt cause to return; usually to
eprinprinma vi roll; etrinka 1 vi roll;
home prinka 2 vt roll; utrinka vt roll
reveal enpoika 2 vt reveal roll up eme 1 vt put into a bun or roll;
especially with hair or twine or rope
revenge usema 1 vr take revenge
roof tinin 2 n a tin roof
reward epep n reward, payment
roof in imo2 3 vt make a roof from shingles
rib ara 2 n the ribs of the inside of a boat; arata
n rib root imun 1 n root; kara1 3 n a tree root; mi n
root, the root of any plant; m 2 n general
rice erisi n rice reference to any tree root
rid nonka 3 vt get rid of rope aseta n a variety of rope; esekwa n rope;
right-hand side enwone 1 n right-hand side ewa 2 n rope, string; kami n a rope used in
tying down a thatched roof, taken from a vine;
rigid one apru nom something rigid or firm
kapuya n a variety of thick bush rope;
rip kara2 1 vt rip, tear karapip 2 n rope made from the skin of same;
ripe isaramenu nom partially ripe; isuweta 2 vi kiriripan n a variety of rope; maikanmo n
be or become ripe, even overripe a variety of rope; nipi 2 n a natural rope made
from the nipi vine; sina 2 n rope or strap made
ripening akp nom something nearly ripe, from the bark of the same tree; wakwama 2 n
soon to be ready to eat, as in fruit a variety of natural rope from the vine of the
ripped ekaraka vr be or become ripped; be torn same name, used in tying down a thatch roof,
ripple sipasipa 1 n ripples on the water's also called nibi; wayapiro 3 n rope made from
surface caused by wind same
rise uma2 vi rise, as in the level of a river rot amota vi be or become rotten
ritual ennaipn vt cause someone to undergo rotten one amoro 1 nom something rotten
a ritual application of bina or herbal medicine; round house waipa n a type of round house
epikoma vt undergo a ritual usually designed with thatched roof, indigenous to the Akawayo,
to give success in hunting; usennaipn vr usually with one central post
perform a ritual on oneself, to apply a bina or round one tririn nom something round
traditional herbal medicine; usepikoma vr to
give oneself a ritual to be a better hunter, for row asit1 2 vt arrange things in rows
example rubber ropa 1 n rubber
rival eyaton 1 n rival rumble etrm vi rumble, the sound of
river tuna 2 n river thunder
river bottom amu 2 n river bottom run aprm 1 vi run; ekatum vi run
river mouth ken1 n river mouth run after someone ekatunpa vt chase, run
after someone
riverside tunakwa 1 n riverside
runaway tuwari n a runaway, a person running
roast epu vr roast, dry; kanpt vt roast meat away from home
over a fire to dry it; putu2 vt roast
ruptured tikitiki nom ruptured, pushed out

rushing one apne 1 nom rushing as in the rust ukaram2 vi be or become rusty
swiftness of a rising river
Ss
sack saki n sack, bag sawn sakama vi sawn, cut with a saw
sacrifice usema 2 vi sacrifice say esak 1 vt say; eseremek 2 vt say
sad pokoita 1 vi be or become sad something in a serious manner; ka vt say
sadden pokoitank vt make someone sad; scabies krpi1 n scabies

upokoita vi make sad scaled tpipkenan nom with scales, referring
sadness pokoi n sadness to a group of fishes
salivate entaikur vi salivate scaleless pippn without scales, referring to

skin fish
salt inene 2 n salt; tarau n large salt crystals,
scales pip 2 n fish scales
found in Brasil; waiyo n salt
salted hot pepper sikirima n salted hot scare enaripa vt scare
pepper; mostly made to be portable to take on scared usenaripa vr be or become scared
extended trips scary one ene1 5 n something or someone scary
salty one inene 1 nom something salty scatter etrkwa 1 vi be or become scattered;
same mar1 2 postp same as pakaraka vt scatter
sand ws n sand scattered etank 2 vi be or become
sandal monsa 1 n a type of sandal, made from scattered
the palm kuwai or sre'pa scent ktun n scent; kwnm n scent
sandals prai n indigenous sandals made from a school sikuru n school
palm leaf stalk (no longer made), also known as scissors ark n scissors
kuwaimonta (is this an Akawayo word?)
scoop kasakra 3 n the same, dried and carved
sandfly nonan1 1 n a variety of sandfly
to be used as a utensil; a spoon, cup or bowl;
sandy one wsk a sandy place korewa 1 n scoop made from calabash
sap eku n sap; kurek 2 n sap from same tree, scorn makunapa 1 vt treat with scorn, treat
which can be used to seal cracks in boats badly, joke about something serious; manapa
satisfied aweta 2 vi satisfied 1 vt scorn, treat badly
Saturday sapa 1 n Saturday, the Jewish scornful one nuirapa someone or something
Sabbath scornful
savannah ti n savannah scorpion eke yap n a variety of scorpion,
non-stinging; marit n a variety of very
save koneka 5 vt save, rescue; pikat 2 vt save poisonous scorpion, without claws; mn n a
in a physical sense, from a burning house or general term for scorpion; mremomo n a
from drowning in the river; pikat 3 vt save, variety of poisonous scorpion
especially God saving mankind from their sins
by sending Jesus; tkuse vt save, reserve scrape ewak 1 vt scrape; ikwa 3 vt scrape
saw saka n saw scraping sururu 2 n the scraping from the
cooked sides of cassava bread

scraps irpan n scraps, mostly food separate annpa vt separate; enapka vt

scratch an 1 vt scratch; ekanpa vr scratch remove seeds from cotton
oneself; ewaraika vr scratch oneself; ika 3 serious sene nom serious, with far-reaching
vt scratch; make itch; kanma1 vt scratch; consequences
waraika vt scratch serious one kne 1 nom someone serious or
scream aipita vi scream; kpnm vi someone being serious in their presentation; s
scream; kpnnpa vt make or cause to ye someone serious
scream; pirornpa vt make someone scream; servant apiyo 2 n servant; poito 4 n servant,
upirorm vi scream helper
search warin1 n search; warinpa 2 n search serve ekam 2 vt serve
season imnp 2 n the season from June to served useka vr be or become served
August; usually rainy; iwankan 1 n the season
from December to February; usually dry;
set tr1 3 vt set, as in setting fishing poles for
catching fish
kanma2 vt season food; kurun pan n a time
of year, from December to February; usually set aside enonka 1 vr be or become set aside;
dry; menkanin nom season, a time of year (?); nonka 1 vt set aside
toron kan n the season from March to May; settle koneka 2 vt settle
usually more rainy; Tmon 2 n the season from
June to August; usually dry; wipiya 2 n the settlement pata 3 n settlement
September through November dry season sever rka vt sever, cut off
seat apon 3 n seat sew aima vt sew
seatedness sisiu nom seatedness sex ekuma 1 vi have sex, make love; usn vi
second yakon2 nom second engage in sexual intercourse
second-born child ipkro nom second-born shadow akwarp 1 n shadow; nari2 n

child shadow
see ene2 1 vt see; erama vt see shake etttma vr shake, tremble; ikima vt
shake; okouokouma vt shake, as in a tree,
seed enap n seed, the seed of any plant; back and forth; sokousokouma vt shake, as a
epikri n a variety of seed used to make liquid in a bottle; takautakauma vt shake
beads; parakwa 2 n mora tree seed; paru2 2 n someone in a hammock; tttma 1 vt shake;
the seed from the same tree; paruwe 2 n the tkima vt shake, as in liquids; tkuka 1 vt
seed of the same tree; simana 2 n the seed of shake; tkuka 2 vt shake a tree to harvest
the same tree; suruwa 2 n the seed from the fruit; tm 3 vt make one shake; usink vi
same tree; tatan 2 n the seed from the same shake with fright; wkuwkuma vt shake
tree; toro2 2 n the seed of the same tree, edible; something in an up-and-down motion
uruma 1 n seed, the size of a cricket ball, that
opens up like a tulip flower
shakey
seen usene vr be or become seen shaky takataka nom shaky
select utanm 1 vr select for oneself shallow apai2 nom shallow, low water level, so
that boats can't pass
selected utanm 2 vi be or become selected
shallow one apaip shallow, especially as
sell krpopoma vt sell refers to water
send ennoko1 1 vt send, send forth shaman enewoke n a shaman or traditional
sense akwa1 2 n sense; good sense or wisdom; healer; piyaisan 1 n shaman, a person who
eseru 2 n sense deals with spirits and the spirit world

shame piynk vt make someone feel shame shorts puruku 2 n shorts

shamed piyke 2 nom someone shamed shoulder mota n shoulder
shameless one piymn 1 nom a shameless shout ukpnm vi shout, cry out
person show ekama 5 vt show; nka 1 vt show someone
shape waito 1 the shape of a woodskin canoe something that one has
share ekam 3 vt share; erepa 2 vi share; n vt shrimp osi1 n a variety of fresh-water shrimp
share; usekam vr share among each other shy one piyke 1 nom someone shy
sharp one kena 2 nom something sharp sick akuruta2 vi be or become sick or ill
sharpen t vt sharpen, give teeth; putut vt sick one ene1 1 nom one who is sick;
sharpen, to make something have a sharp point takurukenan nom someone who is sick or ill
shave ekiririka vt shave sickness enet n sickness, illness; kainaku 1
shavings punup 2 n shavings n a childhood sickness; tapiyara2 n sickness
shear akt 3 vt shear sieve panka n sieve, used to sift grated cassava
shed ekwa1 2 vi shed skin before baking cassava bread
sheep karimeru n sheep sift eisika vt sift

shelf apon 1 n shelf sign maki 4 n sign of something to happen;
menuka 2 vt sign, as in write one's name
shell kuita n a piece of turtle shell attached at
the bottom of a stick used to spin cotton; pip 3 silence epanaro n silence
n turtle shell silent emaimuka vr silent, unable to speak;
shelter wapu 4 n shelter umainta vi be or become silent because you
are sad
shield ewakt vr shield oneself, defend
oneself; wakt 1 vt shield; wapu 1 n shield silent one tti 1 nom someone or something
silent; ttipan nom someone silent
shine eweit vi shine
similar ekwa3 2 nom similar in meaning
shingle sinkiri n shingle
similar one rup n something similar or akin to
shirt pon nakatawon n shirt; pon1 4 n shirt something else
shiver tttma 2 vi shiver sin ekamra 4 nom sin, a moral offense against
shocked pank 2 vi be or become shocked; someone else; emakoima vi sin; makoi 1 n
usewansiriukwa 1 vi be or become shocked sin; makuna 1 vt sin
or dismayed Sinaai Sinaai nprop the name given to a creek
shoe esapatoit vi wear shoes, shod oneself along the Kukui River, below I'moi ken
shoes sapato 1 n shoes since sik 2 postp since
shoot kamota 1 vt shoot an animal for meat; p sincere inai 2 nom sincere
vt shoot (with a dart and blow pipe; poka 2 vt sing erenka vt sing; etannm 2 vi sing, as a
shoot any other animal for food bird; userenka vr sing; uturum 3 vi sing
shop usena vr shop singing imawari 1 n an indigenous style of
shore tuna epi n shore, bank singing and dancing; parisara1 n a style of
short one akane n a short time or visit indigenous singing and dancing; tukui1 n a
style of indigenous singing and dancing;
short-cut intaka n a high-water short-cut or warepan n an variety of indigenous singing and
bypass dancing

sink esnka vi sink slippery one ekerewe 2 nom something

sip koroitoka vt sip slippery
sir tamo 3 n sir, a term of respect for the older sloth kwaran n a variety of two-toed sloth
age of the hearer over the speaker slowness tnn n slowness
sister akon 3 n sister, for a woman, direct slug pare2 n slug
address and also indirect address; asi1 n older small aiko 1 nom something small; rkw 1
sister, direct address; mimi 3 n older sister, small, little
direct address; parui n younger sister of a
male; pasi n older sister, indirect address; small one esikiri 1 nom something small;
pasiwa n older sister to a male; yakon1 3 n mrep nom something small; pako1 nom
younger sister, to a female, direct address something small
sister-in-law eru 2 n sister-in-law, indirect smallest one amip 1 nom the smallest one of
address; maiw n sister-in-law, direct address; a group
mama n sister-in-law; more specifically, one's smart person Sik 2 n a smart person
younger brother's wife; for direct address; smell ennaaik 2 vt smell an odor; eta2 2 vt
mimi 2 n sister-in-law; more specifically, smell; knm vr smell, sniff the air;
one's husband's sister; wrmai 2 n sister- knnpa vt smell; ktunpa vt smell
in-law, direct address among females, used by a
husband's sister to address her husband's wife, smelling aponan 2 smelling as it should,
and vicaversa especially as it refers to cassava drink, after it
has fermented for a time
sisters pasiko n younger sisters, a term of
mutual identification among members of the smile ekupika vi smile; utakr 2 vi smile
Alleluia Church smoke aipo vt smoke out wasps or other pests
sit ereutank 1 vt cause someone to sit down from one's house or other building; ekawait
vi smoke tobacco, cigarettes, etc.; etamirit
sit down ereuta 1 vi sit down vi smoke cigarettes or some other form of
six miya ratoi six tobacco; ikapisin n smoke from a fire;
skin ikwa 2 vt skin, as in removing the skin of krinm vi smoke; krinnpa 1 vt make
an animal; pip 1 n skin smoke, burn something so that it gives off
smoke; krsin n smoke; puru2 1 vt smoke a
skull pup p n skull thatch roof in order to cure it for a long life
sky ka2 1 n sky smoothing stone kuima1 n a stone used to
slap enpatamo vt slap, hit on the face smooth clay pots before firing them
slave apiyo 1 n slave snail apta2 n a variety of snail; kuiwa1 n a
variety of snail; sik n a variety of small snail
sleep enm vr sleep; esapont vi sleep; get
into a hammock or onto a bed, prepare for sleep; snake amariwa 1 n a variety of snake;
nm vt to put someone to sleep amariwa 2 n a folkloric snake; awarim n a
variety of poisonous, colourful snake that lives
sleepy one emoron someone sleepy
in the bush; eimarare n a variety of snake;
slimy ekereuta vi be or become slimy, so as to ene1 7 n a variety of snake; etaamon n a small,
be nonconsumable, spoiled green variety of snake; ipakwa n a variety of
slimy one ekerewe 1 nom something slimy snake; ki n snake, the general term;
kaikamaim n a variety of snake; kwasekoi
sling ropa 3 n sling, slingshot; weine n baby n the variety of snake the wa'taut bird prefers
sling
to eat; mereme 2 n a variety of snake;
slingshot kpan n slingshot mnwarim n a variety of poisonous snake;
paaraipu n a variety of snake; pararaipu n a

variety of snake that can jump, bushmaster something near ako 1 nom something near
snake; pun2 n a variety of snake that is
slow-moving, black and white and moves more
son mu1 n son, indirect reference; pi 2 n son;
like a worm; sakasa 1 n a variety of small, more specifically, a woman's son; for direct
address
poisonous snake, rattle snake; sarim n a
variety of large snake, bushmaster snake; son-in-law payunu n son-in-law; poito 2 n
saroroim n a variety of large snake; turen n son-in-law
a variety of water snake; wrka n a variety of sore werei 1 n skin sore
snake
sorry pokoita 2 vi be or become sorry
sneak esereka vi sneak, to be sneaky or act
sneakily sort aranka 4 vt sort a group of things
sneeze ennasika vt make someone sneeze; sound amerum vi make a sound, like rain in
usennasika vi sneeze the distance as it approaches; s interj the
sound made in sharpening an axe or machete;
sniff ennaaik 1 vt sniff; usennaaik vr sniff useta n sound
snore ennamorm vi snore sound word soroi interj sound word, the sound
soak amanka vt soak; ikurinsa 2 vt soak, as of something piercing something else
in dried meat, to make it soft again; ikrim soup kata1 1 n a variety of soup made from the
vt soak something; ki vt soak,make wet; kip juice taken from the squeezed, grated cassava,
vt soak, to make wet; kuwin 2 vi soak in hot boiled down to eliminate the poisonous
water to relieve pain; supa vt soak qualities; tuma n soup in which to dip cassava
soaked bread; wara1 n soup made from the drippings
from squeezing the grated cassava
sober etakma vr be or become sober, not
drunk; sakoro nom sober, not drunk sour kara2 2 nom sour; strong, as in the flavour
of kaziri after a longer period of waiting;
sober one nurne 2 nom someone sober
katapan1 sour taste, as in the flavour of
soft one ekenan 1 nom something soft; nt cassava drink after it has been left to sit for a
nom soft, referring to the quality of grass with few days, becoming more alcoholic in content
dew on it; the condition which makes it easy to
sour casreep kumasi 2 n an old-time variety of
cut; soft, as with the skin of ripe fruit;
casreep, more sour than kasiri'p
kwekwepan nom something soft; mina 2 nom
something soft sour one
soften etok 2 vi be or become soft or mushy; source amu 1 n source, head
ntnk vt soften, make soft, usually by soursop sawasa n soursop fruit; the same tree
making it wet
Spanish language speaker Sipaniyoro
softness kwekwepan nom softness, especially nprop the name given to people from Venezuela;
of something to sit on; sirinsirin n softness, more generally, anyone who speaks Spanish
often used to describe hair
spatula oriori n a square, woven spatula used
soldier kuwayau 1 n soldier; soisa n soldier to flip cassava bread on the griddle and fan the
solution tepi 3 n solution, the answer to a flame of the fire; sei n a spatula-like tool used
problem to round off the edges of cassava bread as it
bakes on the griddle
something isa n something people use to make
life better; nak1 n something; used when speak auroko vt speak to someone; eik 1 vt
speaker is inquiring of hearer speak; ta vt speak, say something; uka speak;
usauroko vr speak
something closed ako 2 nom something
closed speak against sapema 1 vt speak against

spear suparari 2 n spear vi be or become spread, cover an increasingly

larger area; kari vt spread; ut 2 vi spread, as
spear fish poka 1 vt spear fish with bow and an idiom
arrow
sprout ata1 1 vi sprout
speech main 2 n speech
squeeze kakr vt squeeze; kasuka vt
spicy one ine 3 nom something spicy; squeeze, usually a kind of fruit, to make juice;
something having a strong pepper flavour
kttka 1 vt squeeze a person, with the
spider arai n spider, general term; iwarka 2 n intent to kill or scare children
a variety of biting spider similar in colour to the squeeze cassava muruku vt squeeze cassava,
monkey of the same name; makwai 2 n a usually in a tenki'
variety of large, mildly poisonous spider; similar
to a tarantula; moyoi 1 n a variety of small, squeezer teki 1 n the long tubular container
house spider; moyoi 2 n a variety of spider used to squeeze the poison juice from the grated
that commonly blocks a pathway with its web cassava
spill akank vt spill out squirrel kari n squirrel
spin eme 2 vt spin; ewoiwoima vi spin; stab apuruka 1 vt stab; asoka vt stab
iseme 1 vi spin; turn around; vt spin cotton; stabbed utasoka vi be or become stabbed
woiwoima vt spin staggerer sonson 1 nom someone staggering, as
spine apoi 2 n backbone, spine; epiya 1 n if drunk
spine, backbone
staggering ktkt nom staggering
spirit akwa1 1 n spirit; akwarp 2 n spirit
stamp wasa 3 vt crush with one's foot, stamp
of a dead person; amariwakpan 1 nom an
evil spirit; ene1 2 n an evil spirit; ewan 2 n stand emsaka 1 vi stand; esotoka vi be in
spirit, the center of one's emotions or spirit; a standing position; etakka vi stand still;
kuta n an evil spirit; maiko n an evil spirit of imsaka 1 vt stand, set in an upright
the forest; mawari 1 n an evil spirit; oimane position; sotoka vt make something or
n an evil spirit; Orosiko 2 n spirits who are someone to stand upright
active people in relating to the piaichang.; standing sati nom standing; useset 2 vr able
preka n an evil spirit that possesses people to stand up
temporarily and deceives them; rato 1 n water
standing behind etorupat vi standing
spirit; tuwenkaron n female water spirit
behind
spirits Poitoma 3 n evil spirits star kayono 1 n the morning star (the north
spit etaku n spit, saliva; etat vi spit star?); kayono 2 n any bright star; sirik1 n
splash star
spleen are n spleen starch petokoromap n the starch that
settles out from the water squeezed from grated
spoil akama 1 vt spoil; makuna 2 vt spoil cassava when a tenki' is used; can be rubbed
something; mata 2 vi spoil, rot, decay; onto cassava bread as it is baking; sipipa 1 n
usuwaikta vi be or become spoiled, cassava starch fried into small eki-like patties
especially meat or stew
start esarat vi start out; begin to go; sarat vt
spoon korewa 2 n spoon start something
sport usur vi sport, be more active, look for starve apka vi starve, be or become hungry;
sexual partners apkank vt make someone starve
sprain ekoroika vi be or become sprained in stay emase 1 vi stay, remain; emase 3 vi stay
one's ankle overnight; enm 2 vr stay behind, remain;
spread akun 2 vt spread, cover; etank 1

ereutank 2 vt cause someone to stay; instrument used to stir cassava drink;

ukomam 1 vi stay, remain sokoisokoi n stick or paddle-like instrument
stay awake emakwa 2 vt stay awake through used to stir cassava drink before it is poured for
the night; ewetum vr stay awake, keep drinking; wrikaai n stirrer for stirring
oneself awake porridge; wriwri n a wooden beater used to
stir cassava drink as it cooks
stay overnight patar vi stay overnight
stomach ewan 3 n stomach; wen n stomach
steady inke 1 adv in a steady fashion,
continuously; useset 1 vi steady
stone kapiri n stone, rock, a stone one can
break up; wata n a spirit stone, used by
steal amama vt steal, take something belonging piyai'san or shamans to discern spirits
to someone else; kanka 3 vt take forcefully
stoop emuruika vt stoop over
steam-dry kapret vt steam-dry, as in holding
one's clothes over a fire
stop epaka 2 vi stop; ereuta 2 vi stop;
ereutank 4 vt stop someone, stop someone
stem ye1 3 n stem of a plant from doing something; wakt 2 vt stop
step epipo 3 vi step on each other's toes; miye story panton n story; tunarunt n an old-time
1 n step story
sterilize kuwin 1 vt sterilize, boil in water to stout one tpreporon nom someone stout in
clean from germs stature, a short person
stern aure n the stern of a boat straight ewanayuru n a long, straight section
stew isu n stew, the soup that contains the meat of river
making it a more complete meal straight one saraipan 2 something straight;
stick aino2 2 n a long stick used to stretch the sararanpan nom hair standing straight out;
matapi when squeezing grated cassava; amara sereipan nom straight hair, smooth hair
n stick with forked end, used to pick fruit; stranger kakran 2 n stranger
enpukui 1 n a stick used to hit someone or
strangle erupatuka vt strangle
punish a child; kiraraukwa vt make stuck; yi
2 n stick; yi 4 n cassava stick for planting stream apr n creek, stream
sticky kita sticky; krt 2 vi sticking to the pot strength apike n strength; merunt 2 n
that it is boiling in strength
sticky one kin nom something sticky strengthen merunttank vt strengthen,
stiff apta1 vi be or become stiff make strong; panapantank vt strengthen,
make strong
still enkurum 1 vi be or become still, not
stretch ekka vi be or become stretched; nka
moving
4 vt stretch, extend; kka vt stretch; pai 2 n
stilled etn 1 vi be or become still stretch along a river
sting ika 2 vt sting stretched usnka vi be or become stretched or
sting oneself esipo vr sting oneself using elongated
ants, as a potion or charm for good luck in string asit1 1 vt string, thread as in beads;
hunting, etc. ewat 1 vt string
stinger isiponin n the stinger of a bee or wasp strip ipo 1 vt strip
stink ukta vi be or become stinky striped one sararaikapan nom something
stir ikra vt stir, particularly stir cassava drink; striped
wrika vt stir; wriwrima vt stir strips tereka n strips of vine material used to
stirrer kasiri wri n a stick or paddle-like plait panka, etc.

strong one pana 1 nom someone or something surely ewai nak Yes, surely.
strong; pana pan 1 nom someone or something surface pro 1 n surface
strong
surprise aiko 3 interj expression of surprise
struggle ekotama 2 vr be or become
struggling, striving surround wont 4 vt surround
stub epipo 1 vi stub one's toe surrounded ewaput 2 vi be or becoming
surrounded or shielded
stubborn one pana pan 2 nom someone
stubborn swallow enkoma vt swallow something whole,
without chewing, as in a tablet or other
student tenupasen n student medicine; ennoko2 vt swallow; kamariya 1 n
stump inakap n a hollowed out stump; a variety of small sky swallow; kisi n a
nakap n stump variety of large swallow; nork n a variety of
stung usipo vi be stung small swallow
subj uya 1 postp Agent marker for transitive verb swamp emnk 2 vt swamp, have a canoe
phrases; acts as a postposition in a passive filled with water; ikoro 1 n a small, swampy
translation, as in, "The dishes were washed by area particularly along a path; ikororimta n
me." a large swampy area; kurukwa n swamp, an
area that fills with water during rainy season
submerge usemk 2 vi be or become
submerged, to go underwater, after already sway tkutku vt make something sway or
being partly in the water swing back and forth
substitute yakan n substitute, other, sweat eramuta vi sweat, perspiration
replacement sweep akoroka 1 vt sweep; iseka vt sweep;
succeed entaka3 3 vi succeed manpika 1 vt sweep away
suck asuka 1 vt suck on a sweet or something sweet pa3 1 n a sweet, a candy
similar; kuka 1 vt suck something through sweet cassava kanari n a general term for all
something like a straw; kutima vt kiss, suck sweet cassava varieties
on
sweet one aseku n something sweet; ipa 2
sudden suwa nom sudden nom anything sweet; kan 2 nom something
suffer ekotama 1 vr be or become suffering; sweet; pa3 2 n anything sweet to eat
etwarima vi suffer swell amam vi swell up, as an abcess;
sugar cane sikaru n sugar cane asaruta vi be or become swollen, swell up,
inflate, rise
summon kma vt call for, summon
swim etukuika 2 vi swim; upnm vi swim
sun wi enu n sun
swing sinkokoi n swing; a rope or vine hanging
Sunday sapa 2 n Sunday, the Christian Sabbath;
from a tree used for same; sinsinka vi swing
suntaaka 1 n Sunday
swinging tkt n a motion of something
sunlight wi pisi n sunlight, a ray of sunlight swinging back and forth
superlative -iwa 2 superlative, most or best sympathizing one esentukena nom
supply repa vt supply someone showing sympathy
Tt

table tapuru n table teach enupa vt teach

tablet tepi 1 n tablet teacher enupanin n teacher; tisa n teacher
tackle sererema n fishing supplies, most often tear karaka vt tear, rip
the pole, line and hook used to catch fish by tear down trkwa 2 vt tear down
putting a pole in the ground near the river and
coming back to check the hook periodically tears enu paru tears
tail arena 2 n tail; aukw n tail tease usennaka 3 vi tease
tail tip arena 1 n tip of an animal's tail tell auroka vt tell; ekama 1 vt tell; ekaret 2
vt tell, announce; maimut vt tell someone
take akwarka2 2 vt take something by force;
what to say; panat 1 vt tell; usekama 2 vr
anm1 2 vt take; kanka 2 vt take off, take
tell about oneself
away from; utakama 2 vi take the lesser one,
the less perfect one, the rotten piece tempt enekut 2 vt tempt; itu 5 vt tempt, test
take away moka 1 vt take away tense esamkt vi make tense the muscles of
one's body
take blood mnka vt take blood
termite kirisoro n a variety of termite;
take out enpaka 1 vt take out kunwai 2 n a variety of termite; sirimo 1 n a
taken utakwarka 2 vr taken by force variety of termite
talented one emiyapoke 3 someone talented test itu 3 vt test; try
talk etannm 1 vi talk testicle emu n testicle
tall one kusan 1 nom someone or something tall Thank you tenki interj Thank you.
tame esepanka vt tame that kr r 4 pron that, referring to a person or
tan ekrnta vi tan, get darker by the sun living thing nearby; m1 1 pron that; mn pron
that; mr1 1 pron that
tangle sikorot vt tangle, entangle
thatch kapaisan 1 n a wide-leafed palm
tangled usit1 vi be or become tangled thatching material used as the top layer in a
tannia na1 n tannia, a variety of root crop roof; karana 2 n thatch; patawa 2 n thatch
roofing from the padawa tree, a medium-quality
tar maitaken 1 n a tar-like substance from a tree
thatch
used for making grater boards and rubbing onto
arrow points and fishing rods; paramari 2 n tar the widow at Zarephath Apasi nprop the
widow at Zarephath, the woman in the Bible
Tarikiran Tarikiran nprop the name given to whose flour and oil never ran out, found in 1
John Charlie, a prophet in the Alleluia church
Kings 17
taste onpa vt taste something their to 3 pron their
tasteless kotmn nom tasteless them kamo 2 pron them (farther); kamoro 2
tattle eparanka 1 vt tattle, tell someone of pron them (nearer); to 2 pron them
another's bad actions or qualities
then pa2 conj then, in order to, so that
tattoo kansu n traditional tattoo made on the
there mair pron there, not too far away; m1 2
face or forearms, to signify the wearer makes a
adv there; mr1 2 adv there; moro 1 pron there
specific kind of cassava drink; maki 3 n
tattoo, the result of an indigenous practice, given these psamo pron these, referring to people or
to young women near or around the mouth, the living things nearby the speaker
design of which is based onthe taste of casiri they kamo 1 pron they (farther); kamoro 1 pron
she makes by chewing and spitting the casiri they (nearer); to 1 pron they
back into the pot
thick isin nom thick, as in solid material; pun3

nom thick, as smoke is thick thunder korme n thunder

thick one epinan nom a thick liquid tick kopari1 n a variety of tick
thief ama nom thief tickle sakaisakaima vt tickle
thigh emata 3 n thigh, the upper part of the leg; tide apne 3 n tide of the ocean
monta 1 n the upper portion of thigh
tie aurom vt tie, bind
thin ataiwanan nom thin, as in liquid quality
tie up ewat 2 vt tie up
thin one apitmn 1 nom something or
someone thin; karawa 1 nom something or tied up usewat 1 vi be or become tied up,
someone thin or skinny; sorewapan nom usually referring to tying up one's hammock
someone or something thin tiger arimaraka n a variety of tiger, (what type?
think enuminka 1 vt think; isenuminka vt size? colouring? Real or mythological?);
think; kup 3 vt think, especially in relation to kaikusi 2 n tiger; any other wild feline species;
getting ready to do something, prepare to do; usariwara n a variety of tiger that is brown
usenuminka vr think for oneself, study like a deer but with black stripes down its back;
wairarim 1 n a variety of large tiger; usually
third osorwau 2 third in fictional stories
thirst tunakiri n thirst tigers akamisarai n a group of tigers, bad ones,
this pse pron this; referring to a person or other that eat people
living thing nearby; se1 pron this tight one ktt nom something tight, unable
thorn mn 1 n thorn; k 2 n the thorn of some to be loosed easily
plants tighten kttka 2 vt tighten
those kamo 3 pron those (farther); kamoro 3 time atai 2 n time; ekwa4 n time
pron those (nearer); psamoro pron those
tin tinin 1 n tin
though tane 2 conj though, nevertheless
tip etrinka 2 vi tip over
thread katin n thread, used in sewing
tiptoe pta putu n tiptoe
three osorwau 1 n three
tire ap vi be or become tired; emiyanm 2
three by three osorwaune adv three by vi be or become tired; etaka 1 vt tire of doing
three something; kumta vi be or become tired from
three things physical exertion
throat esen n throat; wai3 1 n throat tired eturuma 1 vi be or become tired;
etrinka vi tired, sleepy; rmok vi tired
throne prataru 1 n throne, Alleluia word from exertion, weak; usetaka 1 vi be or
through win 1 postp through; yai1 1 postp become physically tired
through to ena 2 postp to; enaka 1 postp to; korota
throw enoma 1 vt throw away; makr 3 vt postp to, in the direction of; piya 2 postp to;
throw p 1 postp to; pona 1 postp to; raki 2 postp
throw down amorka 1 vt throw down to
throw into water ennasika vt throw someone toad prtuku 2 n a variety of toad
or something into water toast apitank vt toast some bread or meat
throw out ikwam 2 vt throw out a fluid; with a little oil on a griddle; karautank vt
makr 2 vt throw out toast, blacken the surface of food on a griddle;
puru2 2 vt toast cassava bread or meat with
thrown down utamorka vr be thrown down some oil on a griddle
thumb miya epotor n thumb

toasted one karauta something toasted, as a vt trap; tranpa n trap used to catch birds
piece of cassava bread over an open fire tray opa1 n a woven serving tray for serving
tobacco kawai n tobacco, the leaves and the cassava bread
product, of which the local product is used most treat epit 2 vi be or become treated for an
often in ceremonies to discover the cause of illness
someone's illness; tam 1 n tobacco
tree akoto n a variety of tree used for making
today ser n today woodskin canoes, tritle tree; araira n a variety
toe mukup1 2 n toe of tree from which roofing slats are cut, yariyari
tree,from which fishing rods are also made;
toenail pta pip n toenail arara n a variety of tree, black yarri-yarri tree;
together asaken two people living together, arisa n a variety of tree that thrives with its
often as a married couple; itaperka nom trunk under water, found on river banks;
being together or in close proximity to one asare n a variety of tree, silk cotton tree, has
another; senau 1 adv together, with each other; edible seeds, brown cotton is used on arrows for
mar1 1 postp together with blow guns; awop n a rotting tree trunk,
togetherness asamt n togetherness, standing or fallen; eri1 n a variety of tree
fellowship similar to the mora; good for lumber, dugout
canoes; eroi 1 n a variety of cashew tree; iren1
toilet wa yen toilet, outhouse or hole for n a variety of tree, white silver-balli; iruwa 1 n
depositing human waste a variety of tree; kaikara2 n a variety of tree, a
tomb uruwai 2 n tomb lot like bamboo; kanwaai 1 n a variety of tree
tomorrow awanapair n tomorrow with shallow roots; kanwaai 2 n a variety of
fruit tree; karapa 2 n crab oil tree; known for
tongue ani n tongue its oil used on hair and skin; karapip 1 n a
too many tuke 2 nom too many variety of tree; karipon n a variety of tree from
which the outer skin is stripped to make
tooth n tooth
shoulder and head straps for warishis, grows
toothache krwa n toothache purple flowers; karu n a variety of tree with
top enpu n top of a tree; kw 2 n a toy top fruit that gives a sticky substance for use in a
made from same; nakapu 1 n top bird trap; kawi n a variety of tree, the leaf of
which is used in thatching; kopari3 n a variety
top part nakapu 2 n the top part of tree with a red colour under the skin, good for
topside kawinki 1 adv in the direction of building material; kopere n a variety of tree,
topside cedar tree; kotoi n a variety of tree; kuma n a
toucan kamata n a variety of small toucan; variety of cotton tree, silk cotton tree; kumei n
kuyapo n a variety of toucan; krmaya n a a variety of tree with unusual seed pods,
variety of medium-sized toucan monkey pod tree; kumeiwarai 1 n a variety of
tree similar to the kumei tree, hence its name;
touch ap1 vt touch; asi 3 vt touch monkey-pot tree the variety of tree from which
toward piya 3 postp toward; p 2 postp toward benab posts are cut; the seed pods of this tree
look like small clay pots with edible nuts inside;
towards winki postp towards kun n a variety of palm tree (moriche) the
toys imamin 3 n a child's toys leaves of which are used in making a thatched
tradition eseru 4 n tradition roof; kurai 1 n a bamboo-like tree; kurek 1
n a variety of tree, dukali; kuwari 1 n a
trajectory variety of tree, the inner bark of which is used
translate enpoika 1 vt translate to make a sap to fill cracks in boats and other
applications which require a glue.; kuwina n a
trap mare n a trap using string or cord; sama 1 variety of tree that gives a rubber substance

when tapped; kwatr n a variety of tree with sneeze; suruwa 1 n a variety of tree which
small seed pods that look like fairy hats, the produces edible seeds; srepa n a variety of
seeds of which are not edible; mai2 n a variety tree, perhaps a palm tree; taprenken n a
of tree, kunter tree, agouti eat the seeds; maipa variety of tree, the leaves of which are used to
n a variety of waiti tree with long seed pods; make a drink to prevent or cure worms, cold
makara n a variety of tree, walaba, a symptoms, or fleas and chiggers; tatan 1 n a
hardwood tree with edible, walnut-sized fruit; variety of tree good for lumber, whose seeds
makarin 2 n a variety of tree producing same float on the river; tensen n a variety of tree
fruit, matchwood tree; mapa n a variety of with red colour under the bark, good for
tree; Miripa ye 2 n a variety of tree; m 1 n building material; tero n a variety of tree; toro2
purple heart tree; moke n a variety of tree with 1 n a variety of tree, the mora tree, a large tree
short bean pods containing edible fruit; muru n that grows near water, with large seeds that float
a variety of tree that bears a small fruit; opa2 n and wide lower buttresses; tun n a variety of
a variety of tree from which roof shingles are tree; uisi n a variety of tree from which bark is
cut, walaba tree, seed pods hang down from peeled to make straps for back packs and
branches by long stems; opan 1 n a variety of smaller pieces as ties across the open side of
fruit tree; oro 1 n a variety of tree; paiwatpu same; urup1 1 n a variety of tree with red
n a variety of tree, candlewood tree; parakwa seeds that burn like red pepper and are probably
1 n a variety of tree, known as mora tree; poisonous; wakawa2 1 n a variety of tree from
parata n a variety of tree, the bulletwood tree, which inner bark is peeled for use as head and
the rubber tree, also produces a type of fruit; shoulder straps on back packs; wana n a
parawakasi n a variety of tree, trysil tree; variety of tree, often cut and used as a walking
paru2 1 n a variety of tree; Parupa 2 n a stick; warapari n a variety of tree; warima n
variety of fruit tree; paruwe 1 n a variety of a variety of tree from which roofing slats are
tree having a wide trunk at ground level; cut; waruwa 1 n a variety of tree, candlewood
pasiw n a variety of tree, the leaves of which tree; wark 1 n a variety of tree bearing seeds,
are used for thatch; piroto 5 n bulletwood tree; the nut of which is sweetly edible; watakuran
piy 1 n a variety of tree with edible fruit n a variety of tree, the leaves of which are used
similar to the orange; pki n a variety of tree; to relieve cold symptoms; watuwa n a variety
pre n a variety of tree; poir2 n a variety of of tree that is used for wood, not a hard wood;
tree, the bark of which is boiled and drunk to wayaka n the mythological tree from which all
stop excessive menstrual bleeding; poreka n a plant seeds came; wekupi 1 n a variety of tree
variety of tree; powa 1 n a variety of tree, from which wall bark is taken, the paromali tree;
Balsam of Peru tree; puru1 n a variety of tree ye1 2 n tree; yi 1 n tree, a general term
with fruit to pick; puruwe n rubber tree; tribe ese 2 n tribe, the name by which one
riyuru n a variety of tree from which roofing belongs to a particular culture and language
slats are cut; ruma 1 n a variety of tree, kupa trick ennaka 1 vt trick someone by talking to
tree; ruweta n a variety of tree, balata tree; them; wn 6 vt trick
sanwoto 1 n a variety of tree; saparaw 1 n a
variety of fruit tree with small green berries that tripod apo ese tripod on which to cook food
turn ripe; sikni n a variety of fruit tree with in a pot, made of three logs or three rocks
small, round fruits; simana 1 n a variety of trouble eparanka 2 vt cause someone else to
tree that puts out baseball-sized seeds; the have trouble or an accident of some kind;
Baramani tree; sina 1 n the variety of tree manenpa 1 vt trouble, bother; paran 3 n
from which inner bark is stripped to make trouble
shoulder and head straps for warishi and
bundles of other things to be carried out of the
troubled emanenpa vi be or become troubled
bush; the tree from which the fruit is taken to troublesome ekamra 2 nom troublesome,
make the toy kw'; sinau2 n a variety of tree being in trouble; senomari 1 nom
from which a part is extracted to make a person troublesome

trough kuriyara 2 n drinking trough; yi pip the colour of dead flesh

3 n the inner bark of a tree made into a trough turn over rawoika vt turn over
used in the kitchen for holding grated bitter
turtle arakaka n a variety of small, swamp
cassava
turtle; not found in rivers; peitura n a variety
true one inai 1 nom something true or real of water turtle; warara n a variety of turtle,
trunk ekwapi n solid or cured trunk lying on possibly only found in the Rupununi area;
the ground; epup 1 n trunk of a tree; ye1 4 n wayamori n a variety of land turtle
trunk Tupoko Falls Tupoko 2 nprop the name
try itu 2 vt try; usitu 2 vi try given to the falls, after which the village is
named
tuber mun n cassava tuber, yam tuber, potato
tuber, the general term for any tuber twin ratoi 1 n a twin to another person
tuberculosis wayapaim n tuberculosis twine asiktp n a variety of cotton twine,
especially when rotten; kuraya 2 n twine made
tuberculosis patient toretorepan nom a from pine leaves
person with tuberculosis
twins simunui 1 n twins
tumble etururuka vi tumble, fall down a steep
incline twirl rat 1 vt twirl, spin
tumor sokoro 1 n tumor twist irat vt twist; iseme 2 vi twist; tawenka
vt twist; injure by twisting
turn erat 2 vi turn or turn back; rat 2 vt turn
over, flip twisted one kisikisipan nom something
twisted
turn blue arita 1 vi be or become blue, as in
two asar n the number two, 2
Uu
ugly one ene1 4 n something or someone ugly underwear mosa1 1 n underwear, panties
unadorned tu 1 nom unadorned, especially of unfinished utakama 1 vi leaving something
hair undone
uncertainty -n2 uncertainty; rnau adv unfold karima 1 vt unfold
uncertainty, whatever unknowing usenumerema vr be or become
uncover apo 2 vt uncover unknowing
under ono postp under; pupiyau 1 postp under; unroll aranka 5 vt unroll
raki 1 postp under, as in physical position or untie aranka 2 vt untie; eukwa 1 vt untie
authority
untied utaranka vi be or become untied
under (water) okorono postp under (water)
until pona 5 postp until
under water inau 1 adv under water, deep
up kaki 2 adv in an upward direction;
underground inau 2 adv underground, under kataki 1 adv up, in a skyward direction
the surface of the ground, say, in a hole; deep
upriver kawinki 2 adv upriver, in the
understand api 2 vt understand; direction of a higher elevation following the
entokank vt understand; tokank 2 vt river
understand
uproot emoraika vi uproot

upside down wenasokoi 1 nom upside down us ina1 2 pron us (exclusive)

upstairs kaki 1 n upstairs use apur2 2 vt use; -t to use (N)
urinate usuta vi urinate using something for the first time
urine su n urine akut vt using something for the first time
Vv
valley soronpan n valley; yaranta n valley pawisim 1 n a variety of creeper vine;
piriyoi n a variety of tree-climbing vine with
vein kara1 1 n vein red, trumpet-like flowers; sipotai n a variety
venereal disease samoroni n venereal of thorny vine; urari 1 n a variety of vine,
disease bearing a type of fruit; wakawa2 2 n a variety
very kuru adv very; tam adv very of vine; wakwama 1 n a variety of vine;
warin2 n a variety of vine used as a frame for
vex enaika vr be or become vexed back packs; wayapiro 1 n a variety of vine that
vexed usakorota vi be or become vexed grows in the bush, used to weave opa and
via yai1 2 postp by way of, via wari'sa; wayaura 2 n a variety of vine that
grows on the savannah
vine kamowa n a variety of vine that grows on
the savannah; kapi enkumap n a variety of
visit kakranpa vt visit
vine, also called bush rope, monkey ladder vine, visitor kakran 1 n visitor
etc.; kararap n a variety of vine that puts out volcano non emo n volcano
white, fragrant flowers; katawai 1 n a variety
of rough vine from which one can collect water vomit enarum vi vomit
to drink; possibly ka'tawa ye'; kopari2 n a vulture kurun n a variety of vulture, Johnny
variety of creeping vine; maku n a variety of Crow
creeping vine; nipi 1 n a variety of vine; vulva sai n vulva
Ww
Wa paru Wa paru nprop the name given to a waist oropai n waist
creek along the path between Pipiri pai and wait apne interj wait; enurip vi wait; masa
Amoko kupai interj wait
wafer apitmn 2 n the wafer given in Anglican waiti enpip2 n a variety of fruit tree, waiti;
communion, so named because of the thin
kuran n a variety of fruit tree, waiti;
character of the wafer
muraurai n a variety of fruit tree, waiti; poro1
wag skskma 1 vt wag, as in a dog's head or n a variety of fruit tree, waiti (small pods);
tail pororomai n a variety of fruit tree, waiti;
wagon tararan 1 n wagon wairawo n a variety of fruit tree, waiti
Waikata Waikata nprop the name given to a wake up upaka vi wake up
settlement waken enpaka vt waken, wake someone up

walk upinim vi walk; usar vi walk a nest; para n a variety of large, black wasp;
tapiyuka n a variety of wasp, brown
walker sonson 2 nom someone walking fast marabunta; wanawana n a variety of wasp that
walking stick tekesen n walking stick lives in the ground and has a reddish back
wall wekupi 2 n wall made from tree of same waste matank vt waste
name watch emainanpa vr watch oneself, watch
wall in wekupirit vt put up traditional walling one's behaviour; mainanpa 1 vt watch;
made from the bark of a certain tree pasima 1 vt watch
walling porai n a variety of weaved walling water tuna 1 n water
walthrush paruwena 1 n a variety of river water fall ena2 n water fall
mammal, common in the Kamran River,
water place tunakwa 3 n a place where one
possibly the walrus
finds water
Wanawon Paru Wanawon 2 nprop the name
waterfall manari n waterfall; meru n waterfall
given the creek near the same settlement
want -pai want watermelon patiya n watermelon
wave arima 2 vt wave; sipasipa 2 n wave of
wanted thing ise nom something wanted
water; wayaima vt wave; wkwa vt wave
wanting -sena wanting something on a stick
Wapishana person Wapiyana 1 nprop a wax maitaken 2 n wax, used for same
Wapishana person
way ken2 n way, manner
Wapishana tribe Wapiyana 2 nprop the
we ina1 1 pron we (exclusive)
Wapishana tribe of amereindians in Guyana and
Brasil weak one atumn nom someone or something
war ewanoma 2 vi wage war weak; smn nom someone or something
weak
warm amuna 2 vi be or become warm; ano vt
put something in the sun or near the fire for
weakness smra n weakness
warmth weapon epaai n a variety of weapon - need
warn karai vi give a warning, like the karai description; urapa 2 n a general term for any
grasshopper; panama vt warn weapon; watana 1 n a special type of weapon
used in warfare in ages past
warp eme 4 vi warp, as in lumber; karanai n
the long, length-wise strands of weave in a wear arkot vt to give someone a hat to wear,
hammock to make someone wear a hat
warped useme 1 vi warped, as in lumber wear out eketuka vt wear out, exhaust
warped one panaipan nom something warped, weasel iwaruwana 2 n a variety of weasel,
especially related to boats tayra
wash enpataukwa 2 vt wash a face, to splash weave kanit vt weave; as in making a

with water; euranka 2 vt wash; ikuka vt hammock; kap 2 vt weave, as in a basket or
wash, referring to clothes or the body; korka 1 waricha
vt wash, as in clothes; kumisi 1 vt wash clothes weaving mana2 n weaving, something woven
or wares; sukusukuma vt wash, usually web pon2 3 n a spider's web
refers to washing clothes by hand; tukuna vt
wash, especially clothes; usenpataukwa2 1 vr weed ina2 vt weed, particularly pulling up
wash oneself, wash one's face unwanted plants by the roots; katawai 2 n a
variety of weed that scratches and burns the
wasp arka n wasp, marabunta; ekan 1 n a skin; wana 2 n weed, a general term; wanapu
variety of wasp, found hanging in rafters without

n a general term for weeds wind peset n wind, breeze

week suntaaka 2 n week, from Sunday to the wind storm kuranau 1 n wind storm
next Sunday
windy one asetn windy place or condition
weevil kunwai 1 n a variety of wood weevil
that attacks dugout canoes wing apiri 1 n the wing of a bird
welcome apur1 7 vt welcome; ereutank 3 wink kisi n a wink
vt welcome, receive; ur1 vt welcome wipe ewesenaukwa vi wipe oneself after
well atu 1 nom someone well; kan nom well defecating
wet ekurim vi be or become wet; enank wisdom emepoke 1 nom wisdom; eseru 3 n
vr make oneself wet; inank vt make wet wisdom; eserut vt give someone wisdom;
puke n wisdom
wet one aiku 2 nom something wet; aser 1
nom something or some place wet; ikurinsa 1 wise one emepoke 2 nom a wise person;
nom something or someone wet emiyapoke 1 someone wise; kena 1 nom a
smart person, a sharp wit
what r pron what
with akr postp with; enau postp with; ke1
when atai 1 postp when postp with; kenan 1 postp with a person; p 6
where nai adv where postp with; pkr 1 postp with; poi 1 postp
with; pokon postp together with; ya 2 postp
while -ima while, as; korotau 1 postp while,
with
as, at the same time; tane 1 conj while
wither aipta 1 vi be or become withered or
while that mrpan 1 adv while that skinny
while they mrpan 2 adv while they withhold amrenm 2 vi withhold
whirlpool maruwasim n whirlpool without pn postp without negative for a noun
whisper etarerum 1 vi whisper phrase or verb phrase; pra 2 adv without
whistle ppu 2 n a whistle made from the kwpu withstand akret 2 vt withstand; put up with
grass; sowesowe n a whistle of a kanaima or
woman urisan 2 n young woman
large bat-like animal; uturum 2 vi whistle
wood yi 3 n wood
white one aimune something or someone
white woodpecker kaipara n a variety of
red-headed woodpecker
white person paranakr n white person
woof kani 1 n the woof, or width-wise strands of
who n pron who weave in a hammock
whooping cough arautaim 1 n whooping word main 1 n word or words
cough
words kareta 5 n words
widow nop rp widow
work kup 2 vt work; trawaso n assigned
widowed epiyapainoma 3 vr be or become work, work one is employed to perform
widowed
work lightly usennaka 2 vi work lightly
width etaka n width; kata 1 n width
worker emiyapoke 4 a good worker
wife nop n wife
world or 1 n world, the earth
wiggle teketekema vi wiggle
worldly things or 2 n worldly things, the
wild enarikena nom wild, not tame wicked things that distract a spiritual (Alleluia)
will eseru 6 n will person
willing one ausin 1 nom someone willing worm iki n a variety of worm, found on mora

tree leaves during rainy season; rk 2 n worm, wrap wont 1 vt wrap, surround
the general term; mosokoroi n worm,
especially as bait for fishing
wrapper won1 1 n wrapper
worry siwankama vi be or become worried; wrestle amokoro 1 vt wrestle
usewankama vi worry wrestle each other utamokoro 1 vr wrestle
worry over sanoma1 1 vt make a fuss over each other
worship apur1 2 vt worship wrestle oneself utamokoro 2 vr wrestle

oneself
worst one makup 1 the worst one of many
wrinkled one epikr nom someone who has
worthy ye2 2 nom someone or something worthy wrinkles on his or her forehead
of the noun to which it is attached
write menuka 1 vt write
wound akama 3 vt wound, injure; apuruka 2 vt
wound
writing menu 1 n writing
Yy
yam napi n yam; pawisim 2 n a variety of yesterday komamiyau adv yesterday
yam yoke imkam vt yoke, connect a pair of
yard proroi 1 n yard animals by a yoke around their necks
yarn kapoti n yarn; ktkwa 2 n yarn made you a- 1 you, second person verb prefix; - 1 you,
from cotton second person verb prefix; mr 1 pron you;
yawn entakapima vi yawn m- you, second person verb prefix
year wipiya 1 n year you all -tu you all, used with verbs as a
command to more than one person
yell yaipita vi yell, scream
young man moine 1 n young man
yellow one karakwapan nom something
yellow, the colour of bile; tkotonpire nom a young one ewakayu nom someone or
faint yellow colour; the colour of grated cassava something young; munk 2 n young ones of any
(before cooking) that signifies it will be species - birds, animals, people
good-tasting your a- 2 your, second person noun prefix; - 2
yes ewai 1 adv yes; the affirmative response to a your, second person noun prefix; mr 2 pron
yes-no question; tai interj yes, uh-huh, your
affirmation by the hearer, used while listening to you-subj auya you (singular), as subject of a
someone else talk transitive sentence
Zz
zig-zag sakasakapan nom someone walking in a zig-zag fashion

Akawaio English Dictionary and English Akawaio Index

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Akawaio English Dictionary and English Akawaio Index

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2014 SIL International

For an interactive version of this dictionary, visit:

This work is licensed under:

David Captain, SIL International

Nico Doelman, SIL International

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The Akawaio Alphabet

Guyana language map - Ethnologue

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add address opp opposite

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Dictionary Entries explained

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English-Akawaio Reversal Index

The English-Akawaio reversal index presented here is not intended to be a dictionary.

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Demographic and Ethnographic

The name of the language

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Housing as practiced by the Akawaio is usually a compound method. A simply-made, thatch

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The sociolinguistic situation

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aipta vi 1) be or become withered or skinny r aitun var. of aitune

aisin nom busy akama vt 1) spoil 2) destroy the use of

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akonpi n 1) brother-in-law, direct address to aku pana a variety of mushroom, similar in

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akp nom something nearly ripe, soon to be bright 2) n light

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amansa n abscess up leaves (for a trash roof)? syn: usewat 2 .

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warishi is broken/rotten/falling apart. tooth ache

amoroko n grandfather amipa vt draw, perhaps

amuku vt 1) collect Imn si amukuima eta amrenmp itonpa pe r prata arp

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ane, inkenan, komi . Anomra atai, praki patatp ina uya.

anm vi groan iyanm pra r he was not

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esanm (der.) vi jump api vi 1) fall, in a figurative sense Itewan

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waved his right hand so they would be quiet.

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ar1 n clitoris asanota vi be or become mildewed

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asaron (attrib. of asar) 2) arrange things in rows

asit vt repair, mend, patch To esip kanau

asin n thick bush atka var. of atka

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Ur uya nr si atomasa p tanporon n, They didn't tell anybody.

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