12th Maths

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Weightage to Content: XII Mathematics
Marks
Chapter Total
Name
No Marks
Sec-A Sec-B Sec-C
mzpfs; kw;Wk; mzpf; Nfhitfspd;
1 gad;ghLfs; 4 12 10 26
2 ntf;lH ,aw;fzpjk; 6 12 20 38
3 fyg;ngz;f 4 12 10 26
4 gFKiw tbtfzpjk; 4 6 30 40
5 tif Ez;;fzpjk; gad;ghLfs; - I 4 12 20 36
6 tif Ez;;fzpjk; gad;ghLfs;- II 2 6 10 18
7 njif Ez;;fzpjk; : gad;ghLfs; 4 6 20 30
8 tif nfOr; rkd;ghLfs 4 6 20 30
9 jdp epiyf; fzf;fpay; 4 12 10 26
10 epfo;jfTg; guty;fs; 4 12 10 26
Total 40 96 160 296
1
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xU kjpg;ng tpdhf;f (30-kjpg;ngf)
njhFjp -

1. mzpfs; kw;Wk; mzpf; Nfhitfspd; gad;ghLfs;;(3-tpdhf;f)
1) A vd;w mzpapd; thpir 3 vdpy; det(KA) vd;gJ

(1) k3 det (A) (2) k2 det (A) (3) k det (A) (4) det (A)
1 0
2)
0 1 vd;w mzpapd; juk; 2 vdpy;> tpd; kjpg;G fhz;f?

1 0
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) vnjDk; xh; nka;vz;
3) myF mzp I ,d; thpir n, k 0 xU khwpyp vdpy; adj(kI)=
(1) kn (adj I) (2) k (adj I) (3) k2 (adj (I) ) (4) kn -1 (adj I)

4) A= 2 0 1 vdpy;, AAT ,d; juk; fhz;f.
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 0
1 3 2
5)
1 k 3 vd;w mzpf;F Neh;khW cz;L vdpy; k-,d; kjpg;Gfs;

1 4 5
(1) k VNjDk; xU nka;naz; (2) k= -4 (3) k -4 (4) k 4
6) A,B vd;w VNjDk; ,U mzpfSf;F AB = 0 vd;W ,Ue;J NkYk; A xU G+r;rpakw;w Nfhit
mzp vzpy;
(1) 0 (2) xU G+r;rpaf; Nfhit mzp
(3) xU G+r;rpakw;w Nfhit mzp (4)
7) 0; 0; 0 Mfpa rkd;ghLfspd; njhFg;ghdJ xU
1 1 1
ntspg;gilaw;w jPh;it ngw;wpUg;gpd; + + =
1 a 1 b 1 c
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) -1 (4) 0
1

8) A= 2 vdpy; AAT , d; juk; fhz;f.

3
(1) 3 (2) 0 (3) 1 (4) 2
1
2
9) vd;w %iy tpl;l mzpapd; juk; fhz;f?
0

4
0
(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 5
2
0 0
10) A= vdpy;> A
12 vd;gJ
0 5
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
(1) (2) 0 5 12 (3)
(4) 0 1
0 60 0 0

11) xU jpirapyp mzpapd; thpir 3> jpirapyp k o vdpy;> A-1 vd;gJ
1 1 1
(1) I (2) 3
I (3) I (4) KI
k2 k k
3 1
12) vd;gj Neh;khW
5 2
2 1 2 5 3 1 3 5
(1) (2) 1 3 3) 4)
5 3 5 3 1 2
0 0 1
13)
0 1 0 vd;w mzpapd; Neh;khW

1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

(1) 0 1 0 (2) 0 1 0

(3) 0 1 0
(4)
0 1 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
14) kjpg;gpl Ntz;ba %d;W khwpfspy; mike;j %d;W Nehpa mrkgbj;jhdrkd;ghl;Lj; njhFg;gpy;
= 0 kw;Wk; = 0, 0, = 0 vdpy;> njhFg;Gf;fhdj; jPh;T.
(1) xNu xu jPH;T (2) ,uz;L jPh;Tfs;
3) vz;zpf;iff;ifaw;w jPh;Tfs; (4) jPh;T ,y;yhik
15) ; kw;Wk;
a b c b a c
1= ; 2= ; 3= ; vdpy; , ,d; kjpg;G
p q d q p d
2 3 2 1 1
(1) , (2) log , log 3 (3) log , log 1 (4) log , log 1
1 1 1 1 3 2 2 3
1 1 2
16)
2 2 4 vd;w mzpapd; juk; fhz;f?

4 4 8
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
17) xU rJu mzp A,d; thpir n vdpy; | adj A| vd;gJ
(1)| A|2 (2) | A|n (3)| A|n -1 (4) | A|
18) 2x + y + z = 1; x --2y + z = m; x + y -- 2z = n vd;w rkd;ghLfs; l + m + n = 0
vDkhW mikAkhapd; mj;njhFg;gpd; jPh;T
(1) xNu xU G+r;rpakw;w jPH;T (2) ntspg;gilahdj; jPh;T
(3) vz;zpf;iff;ifaw;w jPh;T (4) jPh;T ,y;yhik ngw;W ,Uf;Fk;
3
2 1
19) A= vd;w mzpf;F (adj A)A =
3 4
1
5 0 1 0 5 0 5 0
(1)
1
(2) 0 1 (3) (4)
0 0 5 0 5
5
2. ntf;lH ,aw;fzpjk;(5-tpdhf;f)
20) 6 8 10 1 0 vd;w Nfhsj;jpd; ikak; kw;Wk; Muk;
1 3, 4, 5 , 49 2 6, 8, 10 , 1 3 3, 4, 5 , 7 4 6, 8, 10 , 7
21) 2 3 2 kw;Wk; 2 3 5 2 3
vd;w NfhLfs; ntl;bf; nfhs;Sk; Gs;sp
1 2, 1, 1 2 1, 2, 1 3 1, 1, 2 4 1, 1, 1
22) , vdpy;>
1 xU xuyF ntf;lh; 2 3 0 4 0

23) f;F ,izahfTk; (1>3>5) Gs;sp topahfTk; nry;yf;$ba Nfhl;bd;
ntf;lh; rkd;ghL
1 5 3 3 5 2 3 5 5 3
3 5 3 5 4 3 5 5
24) a b c 0, a 3, b 4, c 5, vdpy; a f;Fk; b f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l Nfhzk;
(1) (2) (3) (4)

25) (2> 1> -1) vd;w Gs;sp topahfTk; jsq;fs r 3j k 0 ; r j 2k 0
ntl;bf; nfhs;Sk; Nfhl;il cs;slf;fpaJkhd jsj;jpd; rkd;ghL
1 x 4y z 0 2 x 9y 11z 0 3 2x y z 5 0 4 2x y z 0
26) a , b , c vd;gd a,b,c Mfpatw;iw kl;Lf;fshff; nfhz;L tyf;if mikg;gpy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
nrq;Fj;jhd ntf;lh;fs; vdpy; a, b, c ,d; kjpg;G
1 2 0 3 4
27) kw;Wk;
vd;w ,iz NfhLfSf;fpilNa cs;s kpf Fiwe;j
njhiyT 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 0
28) a xU G+r;rpakw;w ntf;luhfTk; m xU G+r;rpakw;w jpirapypahfTk; ,Ug;gpd; m a MdJ
xuyF
ntf;lh; vdpy;>
1
(1) 1 (2) l l (3) (4) 1
|m|
29) 3 j k vd;w ntf;liu xU %iy tpl;lkhfTk; 3j 4 k [ xU gf;fkhfTk; nfhl
,izfuj;jpd; gug;G

1 10 3 2 630 3 4 330
30) kw;Wk; vd;w NfhLfs; ntl;bf; nfhs;Sk; Gs;sp
(1) (0> 0> -4) (2) (1> 0> 0) (3) (0> 2> 0) (4) (1> 2> 0)
4
31) , , ,d; kjpg;G
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 4
32) (2>10>1) vd;w Gs;spf;Fkr 3 j 4k 226 vd;w jsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l kpff; Fiwe;j
J}uk; (1) 226 (2) 26 (3) 2 (4)

33) , vdpy;>
1 0 2 0 3 -k; -k; ,izahFk;
(4) 0 my;yJ 0 my;yJ -k; -k; ,izahFk;
34) kw;Wk; vd;w NfhLfSf;fpilNa cs;s kpff; Fiwe;j njhiyT
1 2 3 4

35) a kw;Wk; b ,uz;L xuyF ntf;lh; kw;Wk; vd;gJ mtw;wpw;F ,ilg;gl;l Nfhzk; a b
MdJ xuyF ntf;luhapd;>
1 2 3 4
36) 2 3j 4k , a bj ck Mfpa ntf;lh;fs; nrq;Fj;J ntf;lh;fshapd;>
1 a 2, b 3, c 4 2 a 4, b 4, c 5
3 a 4, b 4, c 5 4 a 2, b 3, c 4
37) r s t j vd;w rkd;ghL Fwpg;gJ
(1) kw;Wk; j Gs;spfis ,izf;Fk; Neh;f;NfhL (2) xoy jsk;
(3) yoz jsk; (4) zox jsk;
38) p , q kw;Wk; p q Mfpait vz;zsT nfhz;l ntf;lh;fshapd; | p q | MdJ
1 2 2 3 3 2 4 1
39) 2 3 2 vdpy;> ehw;fuk; PQRS ,d; gug;G

(1) 53 (2) 103 (3) (4)
40) kw;Wk; Mfpa ,UNfhLfSk;
(1) ,iz (2) ntl;bf; nfhs;git
(3) xU jsk; mikahjit (4) nrq;Fj;J
41) , ,
8 vdpy; , , ,d; kjpg;G
1 4 2 16 3 32 4 4
42) vDk; tpir vDk; Gs;sptopNar; nray;gLfpwJ vDk; Gs;spiag;
nghWj;J mjd; jpUg;Gj; jpwdpd; msT 8 vdpy; a ,d; kjpg;G
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
43) a , b , c vd;gd xU jsk; mikah ntf;lh;fs; NkYk;
a xb, b xc, cxa a b, b c, c a vdpy; a, b, c ,d; kjpg;G
1 2 2 3 3 1 4 0
44) xU NfhL x kw;Wk; y mr;RfSld; kpif jpirapy; 45 0 ,60 0 Nfhzq;fis Vw;gLj;JfpwJ
vdpy; z mr;Rld; mJ cz;lhf;Fk; Nfhzk;.
(1) 30 0 (2) 90 0 (3) 45 0 (4) 60 0
45) 3 2 7 vd;w NfhLk; 8 vd;w jsKk; ntl;bf;nfhs;Sk;
Gs;sp (1) (8> 6> 22) (2) (-8> -6> -22) (3) (4> 3> 11) (4) (-4> -3> -11)
46) , , 64 vdpy; a , b , c ,d; kjpg;G
(1) 32 (2) 8 (3) 128 (4) 0
5
47) axb x cxd vd;gJ
(1) , , kw;Wk; f;F nrq;Fj;J
(2) kw;Wk; vd;w ntf;lh;fSf;F ,iz
(3) , [ nfhz;l jsKk; , [ nfhz;l jsKk; ntl;bf; nfhs;Sk; Nfhl;bw;F ,iz
(4) , [ nfhz;l jsKk; , [ nfhz;l jsKk; ntl;bf; nfhs;Sk; Nfhl;bw;Fr;nrq;Fj;J
48) vd;w tpir xU Jfis A(3> 3> 3) vDk; epiyapypUe;J B(4> 4> 4)
vDk; epiyf;F efh;j;jpdhy; mt;tpir nra;Ak; NtiyasT
(1) 2 myFfs; (2) 3 myFfs; (3) 4 myFfs; (4) 7 myFfs
49) 2 3 kw;Wk; 3 2 vdpy; f;Fk; f;Fk; nrq;Fj;jhf cs;s
xU xuyF ntf;lh;
1 2 3 4

0
50) f;Fk; f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l Nfhzk; 120 NkYk; mtw;wpd; vz;zsTfs; KiwNa
2 , 3 vdpy; MdJ

1 3 2 3 3 2 4
51) ,d; kPJ ,d; tPoy; kw;Wk; ,d;kPJ ,d; tPoYk; rkkhapd; kw;Wk; f;F
,ilg; gl;l Nfhzk;
1 2 3 4
52) , , vd;w xU jskw;w ntf;lh;fSf;F vdpy;
(1) MdJ -f;F ,iz (2) MdJ -f;F ,iz
(3) MdJ -f;F ,iz (4) 0
53) vd;w myF ntf;lh; kPjhd ,d; tPoyhdJ OPRQ vd;w ,izfuj;jpd;
gug;ig Nghd;W Kk;klq;fhapd; POQ MdJ
1 2 3 4

54) a b a b vdpy;
(1) - k; - k; ,izahFk; (2) - k; - k; nrq;Fj;jhFk;
(3) | |=| | (4) kw;Wk; xuyF ntf;lh;
3. fyg;ngz;f(3-tpdhf;f)
55) 2
6 0 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; xU %yk; 3 vdpy; k ,d; kjpg;G
1 5 2 5 3 10 4 10
56) vd;gJ 1 ,d; Kg;gb %yk; vdpy;(1- )(1- )(1- 4 )(1- 8 ) ,d;; kjpg;G 2
1 9 2 9 3 16 4 32
57) vdpy; ,d; kjpg;G
1) 2
3) 4
58) a= 3 + i kw;Wk; z = 2 3i vdpy; cs;s az, 3az kw;Wk; az vd;gd xU Mh;fd; jsj;jpy;
(1) nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Kidg;Gs;spfs;
(2) rkgf;f Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Kidg;Gs;spfs;
(3) ,U rkgf;f Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Kidg;Gs;spfs; (4) xNu Nfhliktd
6
1 + x + iy
59) x 2 + y 2 = 1 vd;y; -d; kjpg;G
1 + x iy
1 2 2 3 2 4

60) xU fyg;ngz;zpd; tPr;R vdpy; me;j vz;
2
(1) Kw;wpYk; fw;gid vz; (2) Kw;wpYk; nka; vz;
(3) 0 (4) nka;Aky;y fw;gidAky;y
61) a = cos -- i sin , b = cos -- i sin , c = cos -- i sin vdpy; vd;gJ
(1) cos2( - + )+ i sin2( - + ) (2) 2cos(( - + )
(3) - 2i sin ( - + ) (4) 2cos( - + )
62) [e 3i / 4 3
] vd;w fyg;ngz;zpd; kl;L tPr;R KiwNa
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ,
63) vdpy; z 1 z 2 .. z 6 vd;gJ
1 1 2 1 3 4
64) 2 + i 3 vd;w fyg;ngz;zpd; kl;L
(1) 3 (2) 13 (3) 7 (4) 7

65) 2 vd;gJ ax -bx + c = 0 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; xU %yk; vdpy; kw;nwhU jPh;T
2
(1) i 2 (2) i - 2 (2) 2 + i (2) 2 i + i

66) 4-3i kw;Wk; 4+3i vd;w %yq;fisf; nfhz;l rkd;ghL
1 2
8 25
2 2 8 25 0
0 3 2 8 25 0 4 2 8 25 0
67) ,d; ,iz fyg;ngz;
(1) 1 (2) -1 (3) 0 (4) i
68) ax +bx+1 =0 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; xU jPh;T
2
, a Ak; b Ak; nka; vdpy; (a,b) vd;gJ
1 1,1 2 1 1 3 0,1 4 1,0
69) - z %d;whk; fhy;gFjpapy; mike;jhy; z mikAk; fhy; gFjp
(1) Kjy; fhy;gFjp (2) ,uz;lhk; fhy;gFjp
(3) %d;whk; fhy;gFjp (4) ehd;fhk;; fhy;gFjp
70) i 7 vd;w jPh;Tfisf; nfhz;l ,Ugbr; rkd;ghL
(1) x 2 +7=0 (2) x 2 -7=0 (3) x 2 +x+7=0 (4) x 2 -x-7=0
71) vd;gJ 1 ,d; Kg;gb %yk; vdpy;(1- + 2 ) 4 +(1+ -- 2 ) 4 ,d; kjpg;G
(1) 0 (2) 32 (3) -16 (4)-32
72) ,d; kjpg;G vd;gJ
1) i 2) i 3) 1 4) 1
1 + i 3 100 1 i 3 100
73) + ,d; kjpg;G
2 2
(1) 2 (2) 0 (3) -1 (4) 1
74) 2 3 3 2 vd;w fyngz;zpd; ,iz vz; 5 4 vdpy; ,
vd;gJ
1 1 1 1
(1) 8 (2) ,8 (3) ,8 (4) ,8
2 2 2 2
7
75) fy;gngz; ,d; Nghyhh; tbtk;

(1) cos + i sin (2) cos + i sin (3) cos -- i sin (4) cos -- i sin
2 2 2 2
76) (1) cos + i sin (2) cos - i sin (3) sin - i cos (4) sin + i cos
77) p MdJ fyg;G vz; khwp z-If; Fwpf;fpd;wJ| 2z --1|= 2| z|vdpy; P ,d; epakg;ghij
1 1
(1) x = vd;w Neh;NfhL (2) y = vd;w Neh;NfhL
4 4
1
(3) z = vd;w Neh;NfhL (4) x 2 +y 2 -- 4x--1= 0 vd;w tl;lk;
2
78) fyg;ngz; jsj;jp;y; , , , vd;w Gs;spfs; KiwNa xU ,izfuj;jpd; Kidg;
Gs;spfshf ,Ug;gjw;Fk; mjd; kWjiyAk; cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjw;Fk; cs;s epge;jid
(1) z 1 + z 4 = z 2 + z 3 (2) z 1 + z 3 = z 2 + z 4
(2) z 1 + z 2 = z 3 + z 4 (4) z 1 z 2 = z 3 z 4
79) z xU fyg;ngz;izf; Fwpg;gnjdpy; arg (z) + arg ( z ) vd;gJ
1 2 3 0 4
80) x = cos + i sin vdpy; x n +

1
,d; kjpg;G
xn
(1) 2 cos n (2) 2 i sin n (3) 2 sin n (4) 2i cos n
81) z 1 = 4 + 5 i , z 2 = --3 + 2 i vdpy;> vd;gJ
1 2 3 4

82) iz vd;w fyg;ngz;iz Mjpiag; nghWj;J Nfhzj;jpy; fbfhu vjph;jpirapy;
2
Row;Wk;NghJ me;j vz;zpd; Gjpa epiy
(1) iz (2) iz (3) z (4) z
83) vd;gJ 1 ,d; n Mk; gb %yk; vdpy;
(1) 1+ 2 + 4 +.= + 3 + 5 + .. (2) n

=0
(3) n
=1 (4) = n 1
4. gFKiw tbtfzpjk;(3-tpdhf;f)
84) 72 vd;w jpl;l nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; kPJs;s VNjDk; xU Gs;spapypUe;J

tiuag;gLk; njhLNfhL mjd; njhiyj; njhLNfhLfSld; cz;lhf;Fk; Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G
(1) 36 (2) 18 (3) 72 (4) 144
85) 2 0 vd;w Neh;NfhL 4 8 32 vd;w ePs;tl;lj;jpd; njhLNfhL vdpy;
c d; kjp;g;G
(1) 2 3 (2) 6 (3) 36 (4) 4
86) xy = 32 vd;w nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; nrt;tfj;jpd; ePsk;
(1) 8 2 (2) 32 (3) 8 (4) 16
8
2 2
x y
87) 2
2 = 1 vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; kPJs;s vNjDk; xU Gs;spapypUe;J
a b
Ftpaj;jpw;F ,ilNaAs;s njhiyTfspy; tpj;jpahrk; 24 kw;Wk; ikaj;
njhiyTj;jfT 2 vdpy; mjpgutisaj;jpd; rkd;ghL
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
(1) =1 (2) =1 (3) =1 (4) =1
144 432 432 144 12 12 3 12 3 12
88) 12 4 24 48 127 0 vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; ikaj; njhiyT jfT
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 6
89) 9x +16y =144 vd;w $k;G tistpd; ,af;F tl;lj;jpd; Muk;
2 2
(1) 7 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 5

x2 y2
90) (8, 0) vd;w Gs;spapypUe;J = 1 vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; njhiyj;
64 36
njhLNfhLfSf;F tiuag;gLk; nrq;Fj;J J}uq;fspd; ngUf;fy; gyd;
(1) 25/576 (2) 576/25 (3) 6/25 (4) 25/6
91) 16x 2 + 25y 2 = 400 vd;w tistiuapd; Ftpaj;jpypUe;J xU njhLNfhl;Lf;F
tiuag;gLk; nrq;Fj;Jf; NfhLfspd; mbapd; epakg;ghij
(1) x 2 +y 2 =4 (2) x 2 +y 2 =25 (3) x 2 +y 2 =16 (4) x 2 +y 2 =9
92) y -4x+4y+8=0 vd;w gutisaj;jpd; nrt;tfyj;jpd; ePsk;
2
(1) 8 2) 6 3) 4 4) 2
93) xy = 18 vd;w nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; xU Ftpak;
(1) (6, 6) (2) (3, 3) (3) (4, 4) (4) (5, 5)
x2 y
94) = 1 vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpw;F (2>1) vd;w Gs;spapypUe;J tiuag;gLk;
16 9
njhLNfhLfspy; njhLehz;
(1) 9x -- 8y 72 = 0 (2) 9x + 8y + 72 = 0 3) 8x --9y 72 = 0 4) 8x + 9y 72 = 0
95) (2, -3) vd;w Kid> x = 4 vd;w ,af;Ftiuiaf; nfhz;l gutisaj;jpd; nrt;tfy ePsk;
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8
96) xy = 9 vd;w nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; kPJs;s 6, vd;w Gs;spapypUe;J tiuag;gLk;
nrq;Fj;J tistiuia kPz;Lk; re;jpf;Fk; Gs;sp
1 , 24 2 24, 3 , 24 4 24,
97) 2 8 23 0 vd;w gutisaj;jpd; mr;R
(1) y = --1 (2) x = --3 (3) x = 3 (4) y =1
98) xy = c2 vd;w nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; njhiyj;njhLNfhLfs;
(1) x = c, y = c (2) x = 0, y = c (3) x = c, y = 0 (4) x = 0, y =0
99) 2x + 3y + 9 = 0 vd;w NfhL y =8x vd;w gutisaj;ijj; njhLk;Gs;sp
2
9 9
(1) (0, --3) (2) (2, 4) 3) (--6, ) 4) ( ,--6)
2 2
100) y 2 = x + 4 vd;w gutisaj;jpd; ,af;Ftiuapd; rkd;ghL
15 15 17 17
(1) x = (2) x = (3) x = (4) x =
4 4 4 4
101) xy = 8 vd;w nrt;tf gutisaj;jpd; miu FWf;fr;rpd; ePsk;
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 16 (4) 8
x2 y2
102) = 1 vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; nrq;Fj;Jj; njhLf;NfhLfspd; ntl;Lk; Gs;spapd;
16 9
epakg;ghij
(1) x2 + y2 = 25 (2) x2 + y2 = 4 3) x2 + y2 = 3 4) x2 + y2 = 7
9
2 2
x y
103) + =1 vd;w ePs;tl;lj;jpd; miu-nel;lr;R kw;Wk; miu-Fw;wr;R ePsq;fs;
144 169
(1) 26,12 (2) 13,24 (3) 12,26 (4) 13,12
104) y = 12x vd;w gutisaj;jpd; Ftpehzpd; ,Wjpg;Gs;spfspy; tiuag;gLk; njhLNfhLfs;
2
re;jpf;Fk; Gs;sp mikAk; NfhL

1 3 0 2 3 0 3 3 0 4 3 0
105) xy = 16 vd;w nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; Kidapd; Maj; njhiyTfs;
1 4, 4 , 4, 4 2 2, 8 , 2, 8 3 4, 0 , 4, 0 4 8, 0 , 8, 0
106) 1vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; njhiynjhLNfhLfSf;FfpilNaAs;s Nfhzk;
1 2 tan 2 2 tan 3 2 tan 4 2 tan
107) 9x 2 + 5y 2 =180 vd;w ePs;tl;lj;jpd; Ftpaq;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhiyT

(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 8 (4) 2
108) 2
8 1 vd;w gutisaj;jpd; Kid
1 1 1 1
(1) ,0 (2) ,0 (3) 0, (4) 0,
8 8 8 8
109) x + 2y 5 = 0, 2x y + 5 = 0 vd;w njhiyj; njhLNfhLfisf; nfhz;l mjpgutisaj;jpd;
ikaj; njhiyj; jfT
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 2
110) 4 9 36 vd;w ePs;tl;lj;jpd; kPJs;s VnjDk; xU Gs;spapypUe;J 5, 0 kw;Wk;
5, 0 vd;w Gs;spfSf;fpilNa cs;s njhiyTfspd; $Ljy;
(1) 4 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 18
111) 36 25 x 2 900 0 vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; njhiy njhLNfhLfs;
6 5 36 25
(1) y= x (2) y= x (3) y= x (4) y= x
5 6 25 36
112) x 2 =16y vd;w gutisaj;jpd; Ftpak;
(1) (4, 0) (2) (0, 4) (3) (--4, 0) (4) (0, --4)
113) 4x -- y =36 f;F 5x -- 2y + 4k = 0 vd;w NfhL xU njhLNfhL vdpy; k ,d; kjpg;G
2 2
(1) 4/9 (2) 2/3 (3) 9/4 (4) 81/16

114) 9 5 54 40 116 0 vd;w $k;Gtistpd; ikaj; njhiyj;jfT e ,d; kjpg;G
1 2 4 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 9 5
115) 4 x + 2y = c vd;w NfhL y =16x 2
vd;w gutisaj;jpd; njhLNfhL vdpy; c ,d; kjpg;G
(1) -1 (2) -2 (3) 4 (4) - 4
116) XU ePs;tl;lj;jpd; nel;lr;R kw;Wk; mjd; miuFw;wr;Rfspd; ePsq;fs; 8,2
KiwNa mjd; rkd;ghLfs; 6 0 kw;Wk; 4 0 vdpy; ePs;tl;lj;jpd; rkd;ghL
(1)
(x + 4)2 + ( y 6)2 =1 (2)
(x + 4)2 + ( y 6)2 =1
4 16 16 4
(3)
( x + 4) ( y 6)
2
-
2
=1 (4)
( x + 4) ( y 6)
2
-
2
=1
16 4 4 16
117) nrt;tfyj;jpd; ePsk;> Jizar;rpd; ePsj;jpy; ghjp vdj; nfhz;Ls;s
mjpgutisaj;jpd; ikaj; njhiyT jfT
3 5 3 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 2 2
10
118) 16x -- 3y --32x --12y 44 = 0 vd;gJ
2 2
(1) xh; ePs;tl;lk (2) xh; tl;lk; (3) xh; gutisak; (4) xh; mjpgutisak
119) 4, 4 vd;w Gs;spapypUe;J y 2 =16x f;F tiuag;gLk; ,Uj;njhLNfhLfSf;F ,ilNaAs;s
Nfhzk; (1) 45 0 (2) 30 0 (3) 60 0 (4) 90 0
120) 4 3 16 vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; ,af;Ftiu

1 2 3 4

121) 8 vd;w gutisaj;jpd; t 1 = t kw;Wk; t 2 = 3t vd;w Gs;spfspy; tiuag;gl;l

njhLNfhLfs; ntl;bf;nfhs;Sk; Gs;sp
(1) (6t 2 , 8t) (2) (8t, 6t 2 ) (3) (t 2 , 4t) (4) (4t, t 2 )
njhFjp
5. tif Ez;;fzpjk;- gad;ghLfs; - I (3-tpdhf;f)
122). a = 0 , b = 1 vdf; nfhz;L f ( x) = x 2 + 2 x 1 vd;w rhu;gpw;F nyf;uhQ;rpd;
,ilkjpg;Gj; Njhw;wj;jpd;gbas;s c ,d; kjpg;G
1
(1) -1 (2) 1 (3) 0 (4)
2
123) 100kP2 gug;G nfhz;Ls;s nrt;tfj;jpd; kPr;rpW Rw;wsT
(1) 10 (2) 20 (3) 40 (4) 60
124) f ( x) = x 2 4 x + 5 vd;w rhHG [0,3] ,y; nfhz;Ls;s kPg;ngU ngUk kjpg;G
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5
125) y = tan x x vd;w rhh;G
(1) 0, ,y; VWk; rhh;G (2) 0, ,y; ,wq;Fk; rhh;G
(3) 0, ,y; VWk; , ,y; ,wq;Fk; (4) 0, ,y; ,wq;Fk; , ,y; VWk;.
2
x
126) lim e x
- d; kjpg;G
x
(1) 2 (2) 0 (3) (4) 1
127) xU tistiuapd; nrq;NfhL x mr;rpd; kpif jpirapy; vd;Dk; Nfhzj;ij Vw;gLj;fpwJ.
mr;nrq;NfhL tiuag;gl;l Gs;spapy; tistiuapd; rha;T
(1)- cot (2) tan (3) - tan (4) cot
128) r Muk; nfhz;l xU tl;lj;jpd; gug;G A ,y; Vw;gLk; khWk; tpjk;>
dr dr dr
(1) 2 r (2) 2 r (3) r2
(4)
dt dt dt
129) a = 1 kw;Wk; b = 4 vdf; nfhz;L f ( x) = x vd;w rhu;gpw;F nyf;uhQ;rpd; ,ilkjpg;Gj;
Njhw;wj;jpd;gb mikAk; c ,d; kjpg;G
9 3 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 2 2 4
130) xU rJuj;jpd; %iy tpl;lj;jpd; ePsk; mjpfupf;Fk; tPjk; 0.1 nr.kP / tpdhb vdpy; gf;f
15
msT nr.kP Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mjd; gug;gsT mjpfupf;Fk; tPjk;
2
(1) 1.5 nrkP2/ tpdhb (2) 3 nrkP2/ tpdhb
(3) 3 2 nrkP2/ tpdhb (4) 0.15 nrkP2/ tpdhb
11
131) f ( x) = x 5 x + 4 vd;w rhh;G VWk; ,ilntsp
2
(1) ( ,1) (2) (1,4) (3) (4, ) (4) vy;yh Gs;spfsplj;Jk;

132) y = 3x2 vd;w tistiuf;F x ,d; Maj;njhiyT 2 vdf; nfhz;Ls;s Gs;spapy;
nrq;Nfhl;bd; rha;thdJ
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
13 14 12 12
133) lim - d; kjpg;G
(1) (2) 0 (3) log (4)

1
134) = vDk; tistiuf;F Gs;sp (-3, --1/ 13) vd;w Gs;spapy; nrq;Nfhl;;bd; rkd;ghL
t
(1) 3 =27 -80 (2) 5 =27 -80 (3) 3 =27 +80 (4)
a 3
135) y = 3e x kw;Wk; y = e vd;Dk; tistiufs; nrq;Fj;jhf ntl;bf; nfhs;fpd;wd vdpy;
3
a kjpg;G
1
(1)-1 (2) 1 (3) (4) 3
3
136) 2, 1, 1, 2 vdpy; lim ,d;kjpg;G;
(1) 5 (2) -5 (3) 3 (4) -3
137) y = 2x2 -6x-4 vd;w tistiuapy; x-mr;Rf;F ,izahfTs;s njhLNfhl;;bd; njhL Gs;sp
5 17 5 17 5 17 3 17
(1) , (2) , (3) , (4) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
138) x2 3 + y 2 3 = a 2 3 vd;;w tistiuapd; nrq;NfhL x - mr;Rld; vd;Dk;
Nfhzk;Vw;gLj;Jnkdpy;mr; nrq;Nfhl;brha;T
1 cot 2 tan 3 tan 4 cot
139) x = 2 ,y; y = -2x3 + 3x+ 5 vd;w tistiuapd; rha;T
(1) -20 (2) 27 (3) -16 (4) -21
140) gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ (0> ) ,y; VWk; rhh;G?
1
(1) ex (2) (3) -x2 (4) x-2
x
x2 y2 x2 y2
141) + =1 kw;Wk; = 1 vDk; tistiufSf;F ,ilgl;l Nfhzk;
25 9 8 8

(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 3 6 2
142) y = x4 vd;w tistiuapd; tisT khw;Wg;Gs;sp
(1) x = 0 (2) X = 3 (3) X = 12 (4) vq;Fkpy;iy
143) y = 8 + 4 x 2 x 2 vd;w tistiu y-mr;ir ntl;Lk; Gs;spapy; mikAk; njhLf;Nfhl;bd;
rha;T
(1) 8 (2) 4 (3) 0 (4) -4
x3
144) y= vDk; tistiuf;F (-1, - 1/5) vd;w Gs;spapy; njhLNfhl;bd; rkd;ghL
5
(1) 5y+3x=2 (2) 5y-3x=2 (3) 3x-5y=2 (4) 3x + 3y = 2
12
145) xU Nfhsj;jpd; fd msT kw;Wk; Muj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khWtPjq;fs; vz;zstpy; rkkhf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ Nfhsj;jpd; tisgug;G
1 4
(1) 1 (2) (3) 4 (4)
2 3
146) y2 = x kw;Wk; x2 = y vd;w gutisaq;fSf;fpilNa Mjpapy; mikAk; Nfhzk;
3 4
(1) 2 tan-1 4 (2) tan-1 3 (3) (4)
2 4
147) xU cUisapd; Muk; 2 nr.kP / tpdhB vd;w tPjj;jpy; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mjd; cauk;
3 nr.kP / tpdhb vd;w tPjj;jpy; Fiwfpd;wJ. Muk; 3 nr.kP kw;Wk; cauk; 5 nr.kP
Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mjd; fd mstpd; khW tPjk;
(1) 23 (2) 33 (3) 43 (4) 53
148) f ( x) = x vd;w rhh;G ,wq;Fk; ,ilntsp
2
(1) ( , ) (2) ( ,0) (3) (0, ) (4) ( 2, )

149) y =3x + 3sin x vd;w tistiuf;F x=0 tpy; njhL Nfhl;;bd; rha;T
2
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) -1

150) gpd;tUk; tistiufSs; vJ fPo;Nehf;fP FopT ngw;Ws;sJ
(1) y = -x2 (2) y = x2 (3) y = ex (4) y = x2+2x-3
151) s = t 4t + 7 vdpy; KLf;fk; Gr;rpakhFk; NghJs;s jpirNtfk;
3 2
32 16 16 32
(1) m/sec (2) m/sec (3) m/sec (4) m/sec
3 3 3 3
f ( x ) = cos vd;w rhu;gpw;F [ ,3 ] ,y; Nuhy; Njw;wj;jpd;gb mike;j C ,d; kjpg;G
x
152)
2
3
(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) (4)
2 2
mx
153) y=e mx
kw;Wk; y = e , m > 1 vd;Dk; tistiufSf;F ,ilgl;l Nfhzk;
1 tan 2 tan 3 tan 4 tan
154) x = e t cos t ; y = e t sin t vd;w tistiuapd; njhLNfhL x - mr;Rf;F ,izahfTs;sJ
vdpy; t ,d; kjpg;G

(1) - (2) (3) 0 (4)
4 4 2
155) y = 6x x3NkYk; x MdJ tpdhbf;F 5 myFfs; tPjj;jpy; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. 3
vDk; NghJ mjd; rha;tpd; khW tPjk;
(1) -90 myFfs; / tpdhb (2) 90 myFfs; / tpdhb
(3) 180 myFfs; / tpdhb (4) -180 myFfs; / tpdhb
156) nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s miu tl;lj;jpd; tpl;lk; 4nr.kP mjDs; tiuag;gLk;
nrt;tfj;jpd; ngUk gug;G
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 16
x
157) y = e vd;w tistiu
(1) X > 0 tpw;F Nky;Nehf;fpf; FopT (2) X > 0 tpw;F fPo;Nehf;ff;p FopT
(3) vg;NghJk; Nky;Nehf;fpf; FopT (4) vg;NghJk; fPo;Nehf;fpf; FopT
158) xU Neu;f;Nfhl;by; efUk; Gs;spapd; jpiNtfkhdJ mf;Nfhl;by; xU epiyg;Gs;spapypUe;J
efUk; Gs;spf;F ,ilapy; cs;s njhiytpd; tu;f;fj;jpw;F Neu; tpfpjkhf mike;Js;sJ.
vdpy; mjd; KLf;fk; gpd;tUk; xd;wpDf;F tpfpjkhf mike;Js;sJ.
(1) s (2) s2 (3) s3 (4) s4
13
159) y= x2 vd;w rhu;gpw;F [-2 2 ] ,y; Nuhypd; khwpyp
2 3
(1) (2) 0 (3) 2 (4) -2
3
160) XU cUFk; gdpf;fl;bg; Nfhsj;jpd; fd msT 1 nr.kP3./ epkplk; vdf; Fiwfpd;wJ.
mjd; tpl;lk; 10 nr.kP vd ,Uf;Fk;NghJ tpl;lk; FiwAk; Ntfk; MdJ
1 1
(1) nrkP / epkplk; (2) nrkP / epkplk;
50 50
11 2
(3) nrkP / epkplk; (4) nrkP / epkplk;
75 75
161) y = ax 3 + bx 2 cx + d vd;w tistiuf;F x = 1 ,y; xU tisT khw;Wg;Gs;sp cz;nldpy;
(1) a + b = 0 (2) a + 3b = 0 (3) 3a + b= 0 (4) 3a + b =1
162) MjpapypUe;J XU Neh;Nfhl;by; x njhiytpy; efUk; Gs;spapy; jpirNtfk; x njhiytpy;

efUk;
Gs;spapd; jpirNtfk; v vdTk; a + bv2; = x2 vdTk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F a kw;Wk; b
khwpypfs;. mjd; KLf;fk; MdJ.
b a x x
(1) (2) (3) (4)
x x b a
163) x 2 x + 3 x + 8 mjpfupf;Fk; tPjkhdJ x mjpfupf;Fk; tPjj;ijg; Nghy; ,U klq;F
3 2
vdpy; x ,d; kjpg;Gfs;

1 , 3 2 , 3 3 , 3 4 , 3
164) x 2 3 + y 2 3 = a 2 3 vDk; tistiuapd; Jiz myFr; rkd;ghLfs;
1 sin , cos 2 , sin
3 sin , sin 4 cos , sin
165) xU fdr; rJuj;jpd; fd msT 4 nr.kP3 / tpdhb vd;w tPjj;jpy;mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mf;fdr;
rJuj;jpd; fd msT 8 f.nr.kP Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mjd; Gwg;gug;gsT mjpfupf;Fk; tPjk;
(1) 8 nrkP 2 / tpdhb (2) 16 nrkP 2 / tpdhb
(3) 2 nrkP / tpdhb
2
(4) 4 nrkP 2 / tpdhb
6. tif Ez;;fzpjk; gad;ghLfs;- II. 1-tpdh
1 u u
166) u = vdpy; x +y =
x2 + y2 x y
1 3
(1) u (2) u (3) u (4) - u
2 2
167) y 2 ( x 2) = x 2 (1 + x) vd;w tistiuf;Fr;
(1) x mr;Rf;F ,izahd xU njhiyj; njhLNfhL cz;L
(2) y mr;Rf;F ,izahd xU njhiyj; njhLNfhL cz;L
(3) ,U mr;RfSf;Fk; ,izahd njhiyj; njhLNfhLf cz;L
(4) njhiyj; njhLNfhLfs; ,y;iy.
y u u
168) u = f vdpy; x +y ,d; kjpg;G
x x y
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 u (4) u
169) y2 (a+x)=x2(3a-x) vd;w tistiu gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ve;jg; gFjpapy; mikahJ?
(1) x >0 (2) 0 < x< 3a (3) x --a kw;Wk; x > 3a (4) a < x < 3a
14
r
170) x = r cos , y = r sin vdpy; =
x
(1) sec (2) sin (3) cos (4) cosec
171) y (a+2x) = x (3a-x) vd;w tistiuapd; njhiyj; njhLNfhL
2 2
a a
(1) x =3a (2) x = - (3) x = (4) x = 0
2 2
x +y
2 2
u u
172) u = log vdpy; x +y vd;gJ
xy x y
(1) 0 (2) u (3) 2u (4) u-1
173) 28 ,d; 11 Mk; gb %y rjtpfpjg; gpio Njhuhakhf 28,d; rjtpfpj gpioiag; Nghy;
...................... klq;fhFk;
1 1
(1) (2) (3) 11 (4) 28
28 11
174) a 2 y 2 = x 2 (a 2 x 2) vd;w tistiu
(1) x=0 kw;Wk; x=a f;F ,ilapy; xU fz;zp kl;LNk nfhz;Ls;sJ
(2) x=0 kw;Wk; x=a f;F ,ilapy; ,U fz;zpfs; nfhz;Ls;sJ
(3) x= -a kw;Wk; x=a f;F ,ilapy; ,U fz;zpfs; nfhz;Ls;sJ
(4) fz;zp VJkpy;iy
x4 + y4
175) u = sin kw;Wk; f = sin u vdpy; rkgbj;jhd rhHG f ,d; gb
1
x +y
2 2

(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 4
176) gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahd $w;Wfs;
(i) xU tistiu Mjpiag; nghWj;J rkr;rPH ngw;wpUg;gpd;mJ ,U mr;Rfisg;
nghWj;Jk; rkr;rPh ngw;wpUf;Fk;
(ii) xU tistiu ,Umr;Rf;fisg; nghWj;J rkr;rPH ngw;wpUg;gpd;mJ Mjpiag;
nghWj;Jk; rkr;rPh ngw;wpUf;Fk
(iii) f (x,y)=0 vd;w tistiu vd;w Nfhl;ilg; nghWj;J rkr;rPH ngw;Ws;sJ
vdpy; f (x,y) = f(y,x)
(iv) f (x,y) = 0 vd;w tistiuf;F f(x,y) = f(-y,-x) cz;ikahapd; mJ Mjpiag;
nghWj;J rkr;rPh ngw;wpUf;Fk;.
1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2u
177) u = y sin x vdpy; =
xy
(1) cos x (2) cos y (3) sin x (4) 0
178) ay = x (3a-x) vd;w tistiu y mr;ir ntl;Lk; Gs;spfs;
2 2
(1) x = -3a, x = 0 (2) x = 0, x = 3a (3) x = 0, x = a (4) x = 0

u
179) u = x y vdpy; f;Fr; rkkhdJ
x
1 (2) U log x (3) u log y (4)
180) 9y = x (4-x ) vd;w tistiu vjw;F rkr;rPH?
2 2 2
(1) y mr;R (2) x mr;R (3) y = x (4) ,U mr;Rfs;
15
7. njif Ez;;fzpjk; : gad;ghLfs;-(3-tpdhf;f)
181) NfhLfs; y = x, y = 1 kw;Wk; x = 0 Mfpait Vw;gLj;Jk; gug;G y mr;ir nghWj;J

Row;wg;gLk; jplg;nghUspd; fd msT
1 2 3 4
182) x 2 3 + y 2 3 = 4 vd;w tistiuapd; tpy;ypd; ePsk;
(1) 48 (2) 24 (3) 12 (4) 96
x2 y2
183) + =1 vd;w ePs;tl;lj;jpd; gug;ig nel;lr;R Fw;wr;R ,tw;iw nghWj;J Row;wg;gLk;
a2 b2
jplg;nghUspd; fd msT tpfpjk;
(1) b 2 : a 2 (2) a 2 : b 2 (3) a : b (4) b : a
184) y = 3 + x 2 vd;w tistiu x = 0 tpypUe;J x = 4 tiu x mr;ir mrrhf
itj;J Row;wg;gLk; jplg;nghUspd; fd msT
100 100 100
(1) 100 (2) (3) (4)
9 3 3
2
sin x
185)

2
dx
2 + cos x
,d; kjpg;G
(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) log 2 (4) log 4

2
sin x cos x
186) 1 + sin x cos x dx
0
,d; kjpg;G.

(1) (2) 0 (3) (4)
2 4
187) gutis y2 = x f;Fk; mjd; nrt;tfyj;jpw;f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gug;G
4 1 2 8
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 6 3 3

sin
2
188) xcox 3 xdx ,d; kjpg;G
0
(1) (2) /2 (3) /4 (4) 0
2 2
x y
189) 2
+ 2 = 1 vd;w ePs; tl;lj;jpw;f;Fk; mjd; Jiz tl;lj;jpw;f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gug;G
a b
(1) b(a b ) (2) 2 a(a b ) (3) a(a b ) (4) 2 b(a b )

190) x = 0 ,ypUe;J x = tiuapyhd y = sin x kw;Wk; y = cos x vd;w tistiufspd;
4
,ilg;gl;l gug;G
(1) 2 +1 (2) 2 1 (3) 2 2 2 (4) 2 2 + 2
191) Muk; 5 cs;s Nfhsj;ij jsq;fs; ikaj;jpypUe;J 2 kw;Wk 4 Jhuj;jpy; ntl;Lk; ,U
,izahd jsq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l gFjpapd; tisg;gug;G
(1) 20 (2) 40 (3) 10 (4) 30
2 53
cos x
192) cos
0
53
x + sin 5 3 x
dx ,d; kjpg;G

(1) (2) (3) 0 (4)
2 4
16
2 2
x y
193) + =1 vd;w tistiuia Fw;wr;ir nghWj;J Row;wg;gLk; jplg;nghUspd; fd msT
9 16
(1) 48 (2) 64 (3) 32 (4) 128
194) y = 2x , x = 0 kw;Wk; x = 2 ,tw;wpf;F ,ilNa Vw;gLk; gug;G x mr;irg; nghWj;J Row;wg;gLk;
jplg;nghUspd; tisg;gug;G
(1) 8 5 (2) 2 5 (3) 5 (4) 4 5
195) y = x vd;w Nfhl;bw;f;Fk; x mr;R>NfhLfs; x = 1kw;Wk; x = 2 Mfpatw;wpf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gug;G
3 5 1 7
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2
196) (0,0) (3,0) kw;Wk; (3>3) Mfpatw;iw Kidg;Gs;spfshf nfhz;l Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G x
mr;ir
nghWj;J Row;wg;gLk; jplg;nghUspd; fd msT
(1) 18 (2) 2 (3) 36 (4) 9
4
cos
3
197) 2 xdx ,d; kjpg;G .
0
2 1 2
(1) (2) (3) 0 (4)
3 3 3
1
x(1 x)
4
198) dx ,d; kjpg;G
0
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
12 30 24 20

sin
4
199) xdx ,d; kjpg;G
0
1 2 3 0 4
8. tif nfOr; rkd;ghLfs;.(3-tpdhf;f)

dy
200) tiff;nfO rkd;ghL + py = Q tpd; njhiff; fhuzp
dx
(1) (2) (3) (4)
201) Mjpg;Gs;spia ikakhf nfhz;l tl;lq;fspd; njhFg;gpd; tiff;nfO rkd;ghL
(1) x dy + y dx = 0 (2) x dy y dx = 0
(3) x dx + y dy = 0 (4) x dx y dy = 0
202) D 2 1 y e 2x ,d; epug;Gr; rhh;G
(1) (Ax + B)ex (2) A cos x + B sin x
(3) (Ax + B)e 2x (4) ( Ax + B) e -x
203) x 2 dy + ( x + y )dx = 0 vd;w rkg;gbj;jhd tiff;nfO rkd;ghl;by; y = vx
vdg; gpujpapL nra;Ak; NghJ fpilg;gJ
(1) xdv + (2v + v 2 )dx = 0 (2) vdx + (2 x + x 2 )dv = 0
(2) v 2 dx ( x + x 2 )dv = 0 (3) vdv + (2 x + x 2 )dx = 0
17
dy x y
204) = vdpy;
dx x + y
(1) 2 x y + + =c (2) x 2 + y 2 x + y = c
(3) x 2 + y 2 2 x y = c (4) x 2 y 2 2 x y = c
205) D 2 4D 4 y e ,d; rpwg;G jPHT
x 2 2x x 2 x
(1) e (2) xe2x (3) xe-2x (4) e
2 2
23
dy 3
1 +
dx
206) c= tiff;nfO rkd;ghl;bd; gb ,q;F c xU khwpyp
d3y
dx 3
(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) -2 (4) 2
dy 1 2
207) + .y = 2 ,d; njhiff;fhuzp
dx x log x x
1
(1) e x (2) log x (3) (4) e-x
x
208) f ' ( x) = x kw;Wk; f (1) = 2 vdpy; f (x ) vd;gJ
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4)

2
3
x ( x + 2) )
209) y ae3x be 3x vd;w rkd;ghl;by; a iaAk; b iaAk; ePf;fpf; fpilf;Fk; tiff;nfO
rkd;ghL
d2y d2y
(1) + ay = 0 (2) 9Y = 0
dx 2 dx 2
d 2Y dy d2y
(3) 9 = 0 (4) + 9x = 0
dx 2 dx dx 2
dy
210) + Py = Q vd;w tiff;nfOr; rkd;ghl;bd; njhiff;fhuzp cos x vdpy; P d; kjpg;G
dx
(1) cot x (2) cot x (3) tan x (4) tan x
211) xU fjphpaf;f nghUspd; khWtPj kjpg;G mk;kjpg;gpd; P NeH tpfpjj;jpy; rpijTWfpwJ.
,jw;F Vw;w tiff;nfOr; rkd;ghL (K Fiw vz;)
dp k dp dp dp
(1) = (2) = kt (3) = kp (4) = kt
dt p dt dt dt
13
dy d2y
212) 1+ = 2 tiff;nfOr; rkd;ghl;bd; gb
dx dx
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 6
213) 2 vd;w tiff;nfOr; rkd;ghl;bd; njhiff;fhuzp
log x
(1) (2) x2 (3) ex (4) x
x
214) y = ke vdpy; mjd; tiff;nfO rkd;ghL
dy dy dy dy
(1) = y (2) = ky (3) + ky = 0 (4) = e x
dx dx dx dx
215) y = cx c2 vd;gjidg; nghJj; jPHthfg; ngw;w tiff;nfO rkd;ghL
(1) (y)2 xy + y = 0 (2) y = 0 (3) y = c (4) (y)2+ x y+ y = 0
18
216) xy jsj;jpYs;s vy;yh Neh;f; NfhLfspd; njhFg;gpd; tiff;nfO rkd;ghL
2
dy d y
(1) = xU khwpyp (2) =0
dx dx 2
dy d2y
(3) y + =0 (4) +y=0
dx dx 2
217) dx + xdy = e y sec 2 ydy ,d;; njhiff;fhuzp
(1) ex (2) e x (3) ey (4) e y
218) xU jsj;jpy; cs;s mr;Rf;F nrq;Fj;jy;yhj NfhLfspd; tiff;nfO rkd;ghL
dy d2y dy d2y
(1) =0 (2) 2
= 0 (3) =m (4) =m
dx dx dx dx 2
dx
219) m < 0 Mf ,Ug;gpd; + mx = 0 ,d; jPHT
dy
(1)x = cemy (2) x = ce my (3) x = my + c (4) x = c
2
dx
220) + 5 y 1 3 = x vd;w tiff;nfOtpd;
dy
(1) thpir 2 kw;Wk; gb 1 (2) thpir 1 kw;Wk; gb 2
(3) thpir 1 kw;Wk; gb 6 (4) thpir 1 kw;Wk; gb 3
221) (3D2 + D 14 ) y = 13 e 2x ,d; rpwg;Gj; jPHT
(1) 26x e 2x (2) 13x e 2x (3) x e 2x (4) ( x 2/ 2 ) e 2x
222) x
vd;w njhlh;gpy; A iaAk; B iaAk; ePf;fp ngwg;gLk; tiff;nfO
rkd;ghL
1 0 2 0 3 2 2 0 4 2 2 0
223) vd;w tiff;nfO rkd;ghl;bd; njhiff;fhuzp
1 sec x 2 cos x 3 e 4 cot x
224) f ( D ) = ( D a ) g ( D ), g ( a ) 0 vdpy; tiff;nfO rkd;ghL f ( D ) y = e ax rpwg;Gj; jPHT
e ax xe ax
(1) meax (2) (3) g (a)eax (4)
g (a) g (a)
225) y = mx vd;w NeHNfhLfspd; njhFg;gpd; tiff;nfO rkd;ghL
dy d2y
(1) =m (2) ydx xdy = 0 (3) =0 (4) y dx + xdy = 0
dx dx 2
9. jdp epiyf; fzf;fpay; (3-tpdhf;f);
226) ( Z 9 ,+ 9 ) ,y; [7] ,d; thpir

(1) 9 (2) 6 (3) 3 (4) 1
227) ngUf;fiyg; nghWj;J Fykhfpa xd;wpd; Kg;gb %yq;fspy; 2 ,d; thpir
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1
228) xU $l;Lf; $w;W %d;W jdpf;$w;Wfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,Ug;gpd; nka;al;ltizapYs;s
epiufspd; vz;zpf;if
(1) 8 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) 2
229) ~ [ p (~ q )] d; nka; ml;ltizapy; epiufspd; vz;zpf;if
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 2
19
230) KOf;fspy; * vd;w <UWg;Gr; nrayp a * b = a + b ab vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy;
3*(4*5) ,kjpg;G
(1) 25 (2) 15 (3) 10 (4) 5
231) rkdpAila miuFf;Fyk; Fykhtjw;F G+Hj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba tpjpahtJ
(1) milg;G tpjp (2) NrHg;G tpjp (3) rkdp tpjp (4) vjpHkiw tpjp
232) KOf;fspy;; * vd;w <UWg;Gr; nrayp a * b = a + b 1 vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy; rkdp
cWg;G (1) 0 (2) 1 (3) a (4) b
233) epge;jidf; $w;W p q f;Fr; rkkhdJ
(1) pvq (2) pv ~ q (3) ~ pvq (4) p^ q
234) fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; vJ rhp ?
(1) xU Fyj;jpd; xU cWg;gpw;F xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l vjpHkiw cz;L
(2) Fyj;jpd; xt;nthU cWg;Gk; mjd; vjpHkiwahf ,Uf;Fnkdpy; mf;Fyk; xU
vgPypad; FykhFk;
(3) nka;naz;fis cWg;Gfshff; nfhz;l vy;yh 2 X 2 mzpf;NfhitfSk; ngUf;fy; tpjpapy;
FykhFk;
(4) vy;yh a , b G f;Fk; (a * b)-1 = a-1 * b -1
235) fPo;fzltw;wpy; vJ R ,y; <UWg;Gr; nrayp my;y?
1 2 3 4
236) fPof;;fzltw;Ws; vJ Fyk; my;y.
(1) (Z n ,+ n ) (2) (Z ,+ ) (3) (Z ,.) (4) (R,+ )
237) p apd;nka; kjpg;G T kwWk; q ,d; nka; kjpg;G F vdpy; gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vit nka;
kjpg;G T vd ,Uf;Fk;
(i) pvq (ii) ~ pvq (iii) pv ~ q (iv) p ^ ~ q
(1) (i), (ii), (iii) (2) (i), (ii), (iv) (3) (i), (iii), (iv). (4) (ii), (iii), (iv)
238) ngUf;fiyg; nghWj;J Fykhfpa xd;wpd; n Mk; gb %yq;fspd; k ,d; vjpHkiw (k < n)
(1) 1/k (2) 1
(3) n k
(4) n/k
239) [3] +11 ([5] +11 [6]) ,d; kjpg;G

(1) [0] (2) [1] (3) [2] (4) [3]
240) p q f;Fr; rkhdkhdJ.
(1) p q (2) q p (3) ( p q )v ( q p ) (4) ( p q )^ ( q p )
241) ngUf;fy; tpjpiag; nghWj;J Fykhfpa xd;wpd; ehyhk; %yq;fspy;; - i d; thpir
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1
242) gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ Kuz;ghlhFk;
(1) pvq (2) p^ q (3) pv ~ p (4) p^ ~ p
243) nka;naz;fspd; fzk; R ,y; * vd;w <UWg;G nrayp vd
tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy; (3 * 4) * 5 , kjpg;G
(1) 5 (2) 5 2 (3) 25 (4) 50
244) fPo;fzltw;Ws; vit $w;Wfs;
(i) flTs; cd;id MrPHtjpf;fl;Lk; (ii) Nuhrh xU G+
(iii) ghypd; epwk; ntz;ik (iv) 1 xU gfh vz;
1 , , 2 , , 3 , , 4 , ,
245) gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ nka;ikahFk;
(1) pvq (2) P q (3) pv ~ p (4) p^ ~ p
20
10. epfo;jfTg; guty;fs;-(3-tpdhf;f)
1 / 2 ( x 100 ) 2
246) xU rktha;g;G khwp X, ,ay;epiyg; guty; f ( x ) = ce 25
[
gpd;gw;WfpwJ vdpy; c ,d; kjpg;G
1 1
(1) 2 (2) (3) 5 2 (4)
2 5 2
247) gha;]hd; gutypd; gzgsit = 0.25 vdpy; ,uz;lhtJ tpyf;fg; ngUf;fj; njhif
(1) 0.25 (2) 0.3125 (3) 0.0625 (4) 0.025
248) 400khztHfs; vOjpa fzpjj; NjHtpd; kjpg;ngz;fs; ,ay;epiyg; gutiy xj;jpapUf;fpwJ.
,jd; ruhrhp 65. NkYk; 120 khztHfs; 85 kjpg;ngz;fSf;F Nky; ngw;wpUg;gpd;
kjpg;ngz;fs; 45 ,ypUe;J 65f;Fs; ngWk; khztHfspd; vz;zpf;if.
(1) 120 (2) 20 (3) 80 (4) 160
249) xU gha;]hd; gutypy; P(X = 0) = K vdpy; gutw;gbapd; kjpg;G.
1 1
(1) log (2) log k (3) e (4)
k k
250) X vd;w rktha;g;G khwpapd; 3>4 kw;Wk; 12 Mfpa kjpg;gfs; KiwNa , kw;Wk;
Mfpa epfo;jfTfisf; nfhs;Snkdpy; ,d; kjpg;G
(1) 5 (2) 7 (3) 6 (4) 3
251) xU ,ay;epiyg; gutypd; epfo;jfT mlHj;jpr; rhHG f (x ) ,d;

ruhrhp vdpy; f ( x)dx

,d; kjpg;G
(1) 1 (2) 0.5 (3) 0 (4) 0.25

252) xU ngl;bapy; 6 rptg;G kw;Wk; 4 nts;isg; ge;Jfs; cs;sd. mtw;wpypUe;J 3 ge;Jfs;
rktha;g;G Kiwapy; vLf;fg;gl;lhy; 2 nts;isg; ge;Jfs; fpilf;f epfo;jfT
1 18 4 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
20 125 25 10
253) X vd;w rktha;g;G khwpapd; epfo;jfT epiwr;rhHG guty; gpd;tUkhW
X -2 3 1
P(X=x)
6 4 12
tpd; kjpg;G
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
254) xU <UWg;Gg; gutypd; ruhrhp 12 kw;Wk; jpl;ltpyf;fk; 2 vdpy; gz;gsit p ,d; kjpg;G
1 1 2 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 3 4
kx 0 < x < 3
2
255) f ( x ) = 0 kw;nwq;fpYk; vd;gJ epfo;jfT mlHj;jpr; rhHG vdpy; K ,d; kjpg;G

1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 6 9 12
256) xU ,ay;epiy khwp X ,d; epfo;jfT mlHj;jpr; rhHG f (x ) kw;Wk; X ~ N ( , 2 )

vdpy; f ( x)dx

,d; kjpg;G
(1) tiuaWf;f KbahJ (2) 1 (3) 0.5 (4) -.5
21
A 1
257) f ( x) = < x < vd;GJ X vd;w njhlH rktha;g;G khwpapd; xU epfo;jfT
16 + x 2 '
mlHj;jpr; rhHG (p.d.f) vdpy; A ,d; kjpg;G
(1) 16 (2) 8 (3) 4 (4) 1
258) 8 kw;Wk; 12 vdpy; c ,d; kjpg;G
(1) -2 (2) 4 (3) -4 (4) 2
259) X vd;w xU jdp epiy rktha;g;G khwp 0> 1> 2 vd;w kjpg;Gfisf;
nfhs;fpwJ. NkYk; P ( X = 0 ) =
144 1
, P ( X = 1) = , vdpy; P(X = 2) ,d; kjpg;G
169 169
145 24 2 143
(1) (2) (3) (4)
169 169 169 169
260) xU gfilia 5 Kiw tPRk; NghJ 1 my;yJ 2 fpilg;gJ ntw;wpnadf; fUjg;gLfpwJ vdpy;
ntw;wpapd; ruhrhpapd; kjpg;G.
5 3 5 9
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 5 9 5
261) xU rktha;g;G khwp X gha;]hd; gutiyg; gpd;gw;WfpwJ. NkYk;
E(X 2 ) = 30 vdpy; gutypd; gutw;gb.
(1) 6 (2) 5 (3) 30 (4) 25
262) ed;F fiyf;fg;gl;l 52 rPl;Lfs; nfhz;l rPl;Lfl;lbypUe;J 2 rPl;Lfs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,uz;Lk; xNu epwj;jpy; ,Uf;f epfo;jfT.
1 26 25 25
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 51 51 102
263) rktha;g;G khwp X ,d; guty; rhHG F(x) xU
(1) ,wq;Fk; rhHG (2) VWk; rhu;G
(3) khwpypr; rhHG (4) Kjypy; VWk; rhHG gpd;dH ,wq;Fk; rhHG
264) X vd;w rktha;g;G khwpapd; gutw;gb 4 NkYk; ruhrhp 2 vdpy; ,d; ruhrhpapd; E(X2) kjpg;G
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8
265) xU jdp epiy rktha;g;G khwp X f;F 2 = 20 NkYk; 12 = 276 vdpy; X ,d;
ruhrhpapd; kjpg;G
(1) 16 (2) 5 (3) 2 (4) 1
266) X vd;w rktha;g;G khwpapd; epfo;jfTg; guty; gpd;tUkhW
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X=x) 1 2a 3a 4a 5a 1
4 4
P(1 x 4) ,d; kjpg;G
10 2 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
21 7 14 2
267) xU rktha;g;G khwp X ,d; epfo;jfT epiwr; rhHG (p,d,f) gpd;tUkhW
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(X=x) 0 K 2k 2k 3k k2 2 k2 7 k2+k
K ,d; kjpg;G
1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) 0 (4) 1 or
8 10 10
268) xU gfilia 16 Kiwfs; tPRk; NghJ ,ul;ilg;gil vz; fpilg;gJ ntw;wpahFk; vdpy;
ntw;wpapd; gutw;gb
(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 2 (4) 256
22
269) xU <UWg;Gg; gutypd; ruhrhp 5 NkYk; jpl;ltpyf;fk; 2 vdpy; n kw;Wk; p ,d; kjpg;Gfs;
4 4 1 1
(1) ,25 (2) 25, (3) ,25 (4) 25,
5 5 5 5
270) Var (4X+3) ,d; kjpg;G
(1) 7 (2) 16 Var (x) (3) 19 (4) 0
271) xU gha;]hd; gutypy; P(X=2) = P(X=3) vdpy; gz;gsit ,d; kjpg;G
(1) 6 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 0
Timeoncelost,islostforever.
23
. ..
. & . : ..
1 31 61 91 1 31 61 91 121
2 32 62 92 2 32 62 92 122
3 33 63 93 3 33 63 93 123
4 34 64 94 4 34 64 94 124
5 35 65 95 5 35 65 95 125
6 36 66 96 6 36 66 96 126
7 37 67 97 7 37 67 97 127
8 38 68 98 8 38 68 98 128
9 39 69 99 9 39 69 99 129
10 40 70 100 10 40 70 100 130
11 41 71 101 11 41 71 101 131
12 42 72 102 12 42 72 102 132
13 43 73 103 13 43 73 103 133
14 44 74 104 14 44 74 104 134
15 45 75 105 15 45 75 105 135
16 46 76 106 16 46 76 106 136
17 47 77 107 17 47 77 107 137
18 48 78 108 18 48 78 108 138
19 49 79 109 19 49 79 109 139
20 50 80 110 20 50 80 110 140
21 51 81 111 21 51 81 111 141
22 52 82 112 22 52 82 112 142
23 53 83 113 23 53 83 113 143
24 54 84 114 24 54 84 114 144
25 55 85 115 25 55 85 115 145
26 56 86 116 26 56 86 116 146
27 57 87 117 27 57 87 117 147
28 58 88 118 28 58 88 118 148
29 59 89 119 29 59 89 119 149
30 60 90 120 30 60 90 120 150
121
. .
24
(gFjp M tpdh tpilf)

1.mzpfs; kw;Wk; mzpf;Nfhitfsp gaghLfs;
( 2 - tpdhf;fs; - 12 - kjpg;ngfs;)
vd;w mzpapd; Nru;g;G mzpiaf; fhz;f vd;gijr;

rupghu;
jPh;T : 2007, 2009
1 2
A
3 5
5 2
3 1
| | 1 2
11
3 5
1 2 5 2 11 0
A 11
3 5 3 1 0 11
5 2 1 2 11 0
11
3 1 3 5 0 11
vdNt A adj A adj A A A
1 2
gapw;rpf; fzf;F vdpy; AI 2 vd;gijr; rupghu;
1 4
kw;Wk; vdpy; vd;gijr; rupghu; 2006

2012
5 2 2 1
jPh;T ;
7 3 1 1
| | 5 2 | | 2 1
1 =1
7 3 1 1
3 2 1 1
7 5 1 2
3 2 1 1
7 5 1 2
1 1 1 3 2 4 3
=
1 2 7 5 11 8
5 2 2 1 8 3
7 3 1 1 11 4
| | 8 3
1
11 4
4 3 4 3
11 8 11 8
vdNt
1 2 0 1
gapw;rpf; fzf;F: 1 kw;Wk; vdpy; vd;gijr; rupghu;
1 1 1 2
2009, 2010)
1 2
2) vdpy; vd;gijr; rupghu; 2010
1 1
25
kw;Wk; vdpy; vd;gijr; rupghu; June 2006
5 2 2 1
jPh;T : A kw;Wk; B
7 3 1 1
5 2 2 1 8 3 8 11
7 3 1 1 11 4 3 4
5 7 2 1
= =
2 3 1 1
2 1 5 7 8 11
vdNt
1 1 2 3 3 4
- ,d; Nru;g;G mzp vd epWTf. March 2008, March 2011
0 1 1 1 1 0
4 3 4 3 4 4
3 3 4 3 4 3
jPh;T
4 3 4 3 4 4
3 3 4 3 4 3
0 1 1 1 1 0
4 1 4
3 0 4
3 1 3
4 3 3
1 0 1
4 4 3
Neu;khwzp fhz;f
1 0 3
jPh;T 2 1 1
1 1 1
1 0 3
| | 2 1 1 9.
1 1 1
1 1 2 1 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 3 1 3 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 3 1 3 1 0
1 1 2 1 2 1
0 3 3
3 2 1
3 7 1
0 3 3
3 2 7
3 1 1
0 3 3
| |
3 2 7
3 1 1
26
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs : 1 Neu;khwzp fhz;f
1 3 7 1 2 2 8 1 3 3 1 1
4 2 3 1 3 0 5 1 2 2 2 0
1 2 1 0 2 1 10 1 4 1 2 1
2009. 2011
1 2 2
2 4 3 4 vdpy; vd;gijr; rupghu;. 2009
4 4 5
mzpj;juk; fhz;f. 2008
jPh;T
1 2 1 3
A = 2 4 1 2
3 6 3 7
1 2 1 3
~ 0 0 3 8 R 2 R 2 2R 1 R 3 R 3 3R 1
0 0 6 16
1 2 1 3
~ 0 0 3 8 2
0 0 0 0
filrp rkhd mzpahdJ VWgb tbtpy; cs;sJ.
,jpy; ,uz;L r;rpakw;w epiufs; cs;sjhy; A 2
7 mzpj;juk; fhz;f.
2 1 3 4
jPh;T 0 1 1 2 vd;f
1 3 4 7
1 3 4 7
~ 0 1 1 2
2 1 3 4
1 3 4 7
0 1 1 2 2
0 7 11 18
1 3 4 7
0 1 1 2 7
0 0 4 4
filrp rkhd mzpahdJ VWgb tbtpy; cs;sJ
,jpy; 3 r;rpakw;w epiufs; cs;sjhy; 3,
27
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : mzpj;juk; fhz;f

0 1 2 1 1 1 1 3
2 3 0 1 2011, 12 2 1 3 4
1 1 1 0 5 1 7 11
3 1 2 0 1 3 8 10
1 0 1 0 2008 3 1 4 0 2006
2 1 3 0 2 5 6 13
1 2 3 4
2 4 1 3 2010
1 2 7 6
mzpKiwapy; Neupa Kiwapy; rkd;ghl;il jPu;f;fTk ; , .

2007, March 2012
jPh;T jug; gl;l rkd;ghLfspd; mzpr; rkd;ghL
2 1 7
3 2 11
2 1 , 7
and
3 2 11
.
| | 2 1 2 1
1
3 2 3 2
2 1 2 1
A 1
3 2 3 2
2 1 7 3
3 2 11 1
jPh;Tfs;: 3, 1
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; mzpKiwapy; Neupa Kiwapy; rkd;ghl;il jPu;f;fTk;
7 3 1, 2 0. 3, 2 3 8. 2008, 2008
mzpNfhit Kiwapy; jPu;f;f ; , . 2006, 2009

4 5 9 5 4 9
jPh;T 0 x 0 y 0
8 10 18 10 8 18
0 kw;Wk; x y 0 vd ,Ug;gjhy; vz;zpf;ifaw;w jPu;Tfisg; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.
Nkw;fz;l njhFg;G 4x 5y 9. vd;w xU jdpr; rkd;ghlhf khWk;.
,jid jPh;f;f y k. vdf; nfhs;f 4x 5k 9.
4x 9 5k
x 9 5k ; y k, k R.
jPh;T 9 5k , k k R.
gapw;rpf; fzf;F ; mzpf;Nfhit Kiwapy; jPu;f;f.
2 3 8, 4 6 16. 2006, March 2011 .
2 3 7, 4 6 14 2009
9) mzpf;Nfhit Kiwapy; gptUk; mrkgbj;jhd rkghl;L;j; njhFg;Gfisj; jPHf;f.

28
2 2 5, 1, 3 2 4. 2008, 2009
2 2 1
jPh;T 1 1 1 0.
3 1 2
5 2 1
x 1 1 1 5 2 1 22 4 11 4 60
4 1 2
0 kw;Wk; 0 , njhFg;GxUq;fikT mw;wJ vdNt jPh;Tfs; fpilahJ
10) mzpf;Nfhit Kiwapy; gptUk; mrkgbj;jhd rkghl;L;j; njhFg;Gfisj; jPHf;f.
March 2012
2 4, 2 2 4 8, 3 3 6 10.
1 1 2 4 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 4
jPh;T 2 2 4 0. x 8 2 4 0. y 2 8 4 0. z 2 2 8 0.
3 3 6 10 3 6 3 10 6 3 3 10
0 kw;Wk; 0. , vy;yh 2 x 2 rpw;wzpf; Nfhitfspd;
kjpg;Gfs; r;rpaq;;fs; MFk;. Mdhy; rpy; xU rpw;wzpf;Nfhit r;rpakw;wjhAs;sjhy;
njhFg;G xUq;fikT mw;wJ. vdNt jPh;Tfs; fpilahJ.
gptUk; rkghLfsp njhFg;G xUq;fikT cilajh vd;gij ju Kiwapy; Muha;f.
7, 2 3 18, 2 6. 2007, 2010
1 1 1 x 7
jPh;T ; 1 2 3 y 18
0 1 2 z 6
1 1 1 7
1 2 3 18
0 1 2 6
1 1 1 7
0 1 2 11
0 1 2 6
1 1 1 7
~ 0 1 2 11
0 0 0 5
,J VWgb tbtpy; cs;sJ.
mJ %W r;rpa kw;w epiufisg; ngw;Ws;sjhy; , 3 NkYk; 2
;
njhFg;G xUq;fikT mw;wJ vdNt jPh;Tfs; fpilahJ.
gptUk; rkghLfsp njhFg;G xUq;fikT cilajh vd;gij ju Kiwapy; Muha;f.

2 3 7 5, 3 3 13, 2 19 47 32. 2007
2 3 7 x 5
jPh;T ; 3 1 3 y 13
2 19 47 z 32
2 3 7 5
3 1 3 13
2 19 47 32
2 3 7 5
~ 1 4 10 8 ;
0 22 54 27
29
1 4 10 8
~ 2 3 7 5
0 22 54 27
1 4 10 8
~ 0 11 27 11 2
0 22 54 27
1 4 10 8
~ 0 11 27 11 2
0 0 0 5
,J VWgb tbtpy; cs;sJ.
mJ %W r;rpa kw;w epiufisg; ngw;Ws;sjhy; , 3 NkYk; 2
;
njhFg;G xUq;fikT mw;wJ vdNt jPh;Tfs; fpilahJ.
gapw;rpf; fzf;F : gptUk; rkghLfsp njhFg;G xUq;fikT cilajh vd;gij ju Kiwapy;

Muha;f. 4 7 14, 3 8 2 13, 7 8 26 5. 2011
3. fyg;ngz;fs; (gFjp-M-2-tpdhf;fs;-12-kjpg;ngz;fs;)
1) a ib vw jpl;ltbtp;y; vOJf.
jPu;T : 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 = 3
=
=
= .
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; a ib vw jpl;ltbtp;y; vOJf.
. , tHf;f %yk; fhf 2009, . 2006

jPu;T x iy 8 6i
tHf;fg;gLj;j 2 8 6
8 ------ (1) 2 6 ---- (2)
2 = 8 6
10 ------- (3)
1 3 2 2 ~ 1
1 vdpy; 3. 1 vdpy; 3.
1 3 , 1 3 .
khw;WKiw : 8 6 1 9 6
1 3 6
1 3
8 6 1 3
1 3 , 1 3.
30
3) , tHf;f %yk; fhf. 2007, 2009

jPu;T -7 24 i 9 16 24i
3 24i 4i
3 4i
7 24i 3 4i
3 4i , 3 4i.
MHfjsj;jpy;fyg;ngfs; , , kw;Wk; mikf;Fk;

Kf;Nfhzk; xU nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzk; vd epWTf
jPu;T: , , vDk; Gs;spfs; KiwNa 10, 8 , 2 , 4 kw;Wk; 11, 31 vDk;
fyg;ngfis MHfjsj;jpy; Fwpf;fl;Lk;
AB | 10 8i 2 4i | | 12 4i| 144 16 160 .
BC | 2 4i 11 31 i | | 9 27 i | 81 729 810
CA | 11 31i 10 8i | | 21 23 i | 441 529 970 .
90.
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; :
1) 3 3 i , 3 3 i, 33 33 i vDk; fyg;ngfs; xU rkgf;f Kff;Nfhzj;ij MHf jsj;jpy;
cUthf;Fk; vW fhl;Lf.
2) 2i, 1 i, 4 4 i, kw;Wk; 3 5 i vDk; fyg;ngfs; xU nrt;tfj;ij MHf jsj;jpy; xU
nrt;tfjij cUthf;Fk; vW fhl;Lf.
3) fyg;ngfs; 7 9i, 3 7 i, 3 3 i vDk; fyg;ngfs; MHf jsj;jpy;; xU nrq;Nfhz
Kf;Nfhzj;ij mikf;Fk vd epWTf. 2009, 2010
4) 7 5i, 5 2 i, 4 7i kw;Wk; 2 4 i vDk; fyg;ngfs; xU ,izfuj;ij mikf;Fk; vd
epWTf.mikf;Fk
I xU jPh;thff; nfhl vDk; rk ghl;b
jPh;Tfisf; fhf. 2009, 2012
jPu;T :
3 i xU jPh;T vdNt 3 i kw;;nwhU %yk;
%yk;q;fsp $Ljy; 3 i 3 i 6.
%yk;q;fsp ngUf;fk; 3 i 3 i 9 i 10.
\ x 6x 10 vdgJ XH fhuzpahfpJ
x 8x 24 x 32x 20 x 6 x 10 x px 2
x nfOit xg;gpl 10 p 12 32 p 2.
x 2x 2. kw;;nwhU fhzpahfpwJ
jPHf;f x 1 i vdNt %yk;q;fs; 3 i, 1 i.
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : 1 1 2 I xU jPh;thff; nfhl x 4x 11x 14x 10 0 vDk; rk

ghl;b jPh;Tfisf; fhf. June 2009, 2011
2 2 I xU jPh;thff; nfhl 6x 25x 32x 3x 10 0 vDk; rk ghl;b jPh;Tfisf;
fhf.
3 2 3 i I xU jPh;thff; nfhl x 4 x 8x 35 0 vDk; rk ghl;b jPh;Tfisf;
fhf.
4 1 I xU jPh;thff; nfhl x 4x 6x 4 0 vDk; rk ghl;b jPh;Tfisf; fhf.
June 2007
31
vw fyg;ngzp kl;L tPr;R fhf.
jPh;T : 2 i 2 r cos i sin vd;f.

r cos 2 r sin 2

kl;L r 2 kw;Wk; tPr;R .

2 2 2
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : kl;L tPr;R fhf. 1 1 3 2 1 3.
. . . , vdpy;
epWTf. . . . .
. . . , .
jPu;T :
i Given . . . ,
| . . . | = |A i B |,
| a ib || | | | . . . | | |A iB|
a b a b a b . . . a b A B
tHf;fg;gLj;j a b a b a b . . . a b A B .
{ . . . } .
1 1 2 2 3 3 . . .
1 1 1 1 1
nghJthf tan tan tan . . . tan tan , .

,tPr;R , kw;Wk; ,tPr;R , vdpy; . vd epWTf
2
jPu;T arg 1 arg 1
6 3
2
arg 1 arg 1
3 6 2
Let Z x iy
1 1
2
arg 1 arg 1
2
1 1
tan tan 2
tan
tan
1 0
1 | | 1.
32
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : vDk; Gs;sp fyg;n khwp Z If; Fwpj;jhy; P-, epakghijiaf;
fhf.
5 5 3 3 2009
2 3 2 |2 1| | 2| 2006 0. 2008
, vd;w ,U fyg;ngfSf;F
i z . z z z ii arg z . z arg z arg z vd epWTf. . 2007,
2008
jPu;T : 1 1 1 , 2 2 2
z1 , arg z kw;Wk; z2 , arg z

cos sin cos sin
cos cos cos sin cos
cos cos sin sin cos
cos sin

.
Arg
arg arg
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : , vd;w ,U fyg;ngfSf;F

arg arg z arg z vd epWTf.

vgJ kpif KO v vdpy; . vd epWTf.
2008
jPu;T 1 i3 r cos i sin r 2 and
1 i 3 2 cos i sin
1 3 2 cos i sin 1

1 i 3 2 cos 3
i sin 3
1 3 2 cos n i sin 2
1 2 .
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : n vgJ kpif KO v vdpy; 3 3 2 .
1 1 2 /4. Oct 2007, March 2008, 2010

iii 1 cos sin + 1 cos sin 2 cos 2012
cos sin vd epWTf. 2011
33
, vdpy; vd
ep&gp. 2007
cos sin cos sin
cos sin cos sin
cos sin
cos sin
2 cos
Kf;Nfhzr; rkdpypia vOjp epWTf. Oct 2009, 2010, 2012
,U fyg;ngfsp $Ljyp kl;L mt;tpU vfsp kl;Lfsp $LjYf;Ff; FiwthfNth
my;yJ rkkhfNth ,Uf;Fk; mjhtJ | | | | | |.
jPu;T : MHf jsj;jpy; kw;Wk; vw ,U fyg;ngfis A kw;Wk; B Gs;spfshy; Fwpf;f.
OACB vw ,izfuj;ij epiwT nra;f. ,q;F C vgJ vw fyg;ngiz
Fwpf;fpwJ
| |, | |. kw;Wk; | |
xU Kf;Nfzj;jpy; VNjDk; ,U gf;f ePsq;fsp $Ljy; %whtJ gf;f ePsj;ij tpl
nghpaJ
apypUe;J OA AC
my;yJ
| | | | | | 1
NkYk; Gs;spfs; xU Nfhliktd vdpy;
| | | | | | 2
1 , 2 ,ypUe;J | | | | | |.
3
RUf;Ff : 4
jPu;T :
cos 3 i sin 3 cos 4 i sin 4

cos 3 4 i sin 3 4
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ff : RUf;Ff . 2006, . 2011
vdpy; gp tUgdtw;iw epWTf :
jPu;T : cos cos cos 0

sin sin sin 0
34
, , vf
cos cos cos sin sin sin 0
0 3
cos sin cos sin
3 cos sin cos sin
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 cos sin
cos3 cos 3 cos 3 sin 3 sin 3 sin 3 3 cos 3 sin

nka; kw;Wk; fw;gidg; gFjpfis xg;gpl>
cos 3 cos 3 cos 3 3 cos
sin 3 sin 3 sin 3 3 sin
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ff : cos cos cos 0 sin sin sin vdpy; gp tUgdw;iw epWTf :
cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 0 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 0 2011
6-tifEfzpjk;: gaghLfs;-II(gFjp-M-1-tpdh-6-kjpg;ngz;fs;)
vdpy; . vd ep&gp.
2007, 2008, 2008
jPu;T : u log tan x tan y tan z
$l;l, sin 2x 2.
vdpy; . vdf; fhl;Lf. 2006
jPu;T : 1 .1

$l;l 0.
t t
rq;fpyp tpjpiag; gagLj;jp fhf. ,q;F , .
jPu;T :
,q;F , , vdpy; rq;fpyp tpjpia
gagLj;jp fzf;fpLf. 2008, 2009
jPu;T :
35
1 ; sin t.
2 ; cos t.
2z ; 1
1 sin t 2 cos t 2z sin t 2 cos t 2t
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : 1 ,q;F 2 , 1 vdpy; rq;fpyp tpjpia gagLj;jp

fzf;fpLf. 2009
1
2 ,q;F , vdpy; rq;fpyp tpjpia gagLj;jp , fzf;fpLf.
2 2
,q;F , vdpy; rq;fpyp tpjpia gagLj;jp
kw;Wk; fzf;fpLf.

jPu;T :
2x cos 2y sin
1 1
2x r sin 2y r cos
x2 y2 x2 y2
x sin y cos
r sin cos r sin cos
0
1
gapw;rpf; fzf;F : 1 ,q;F , vdpy; rq;fpyp tpjpia
gagLj;jp kw;Wk; fzf;fpLf.
2) , vd;;W ,Uf;FkhW tiuaWf;fg;ggLfpwJ vdpy;
kw;Wk; If; fhf. 2010
6 kw;Wk; MdJ , ,y; Mk; gb rkgbj;jhd rhh;ghap
vd epWTf.
jPu;T :
.
.
36
7 xU jdp Cryp ePsk; kw;Wk; KO miyT Neuk; vdpy; ( vgJ khwpyp)
Jdp Cryp ePsk; 32.1 nr.kP. ,Ue;J 32.0 nr.kP. f;F khWk; NghJ Neuj;jpy; Vw;gLk; rj
tPjg; gpioiaf; fzf;fpLf
jPu;T :
log log log
0

0

100 100
.
100 0.156 %
.
miyT Neuj;jpy; Vw;gLk; rj tPjg; gpio : 0.156% FiwT MFk;;.
7 njhif Efzpjk; gaghLfs;.(gFjp - M-1-tpdh : 6-kjpg;ngfs;)
kjpg;gpLf :
jPu;T :
------(1)
------(2)
1 2 2
2) kjpg;gpLf : 2007 2008,

2009
jPu;T :
2
0
log tan ------(1)
2
0
log tan
2
2
0
log cot ------(2)
1 2 2 log tan x log cot x dx
2
0
log tan cot
0
2 log 1 0
0
37
gapw;rpf; fzf;F kjpg;gpLf : log 1 2010
3) kjpg;gpLf :

jPu;T : 1

2

1 2 2

gapw;rpf; fzf;F kjpg;gpLf :

kjpg;gpLf :

2007

1

dx

dx 2

1 2 2I dx dx

dx

3
I
gapw;rpf; fzf;F kjpg;gpLf 1
kjpg;gpLf :
jPu;T ; 1 kw;Wk;
ngh;Ndhyp #j;jpuj;ijg; gagLj;j
38
kjpg;gpLf :
jPu;T ; 2 .
2
2
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; kjpg;gpLf : 1 3 2 sin 3 sin
vw gutisaj;jpw;Fk; mj nrt;tfyj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gug;gpidf; fhf.

jPu;T : Njitahdgug;ghdJ 2 , 0, kw;Wk; mr;rpdhy; #og;gl;l gug;gp
,U
klq;fhFk;
Njitahdgug;G 2 2 2 rJu myFf
gapw;rpf; fzf;F : 2 4, vw NfhL 1, 3 vw NfhLf kw;Wk; mr;R

Mfpatw;why; milgLk; muq;fj;jp gug;gpidf; fhf 2006
0 vw ePtl;;lk; Vw;gLj;;Jk; gug;gpid Fw;wr;rpidg; nghWj;Jr;

Row;wpdhy; Vw;gLk; jplg;nghUsp fd msT fhf. 2008
jPu;T 1 0 vdpy;
39
1 x b y
fd msT b y dy fd myFf.
9.jdpepiyf; fzf;fpay;(gFjp-M : 2-tpdhf;fs;-12-kjpgngfs;)
tpjpfs;:
: kw;Wk; ,uLNk nka;kjpg;G ngw;wpUg;gp kjpg;Gk; MFk;.
: my;yJ my;yJ ,uLNk nka;kjpg;G ngw;wpUg;gp kjpg;Gk; MFk;.
: kw;Wk; ,uLNk nka;kjpg;G ngw;wpUg;gp kjpg;Gk; MFk;.
: my;yJ my;yJ ,uLNk nka;kjpg;G ngw;wpUg;gp kjpg;Gk; MFk;.
: nka;kjpg;G vdpy; kjpg;Gk; MFk;.
nka;kjpg;G vdpy; kjpg;Gk; MFk;.
: nka;kjpg;G ,Ue;J nka;kjpg;G Mf ,Ug;gp kjpg;G MFk;.
: kw;Wk; ,uLNk xNu nka;kjpg;G ngw;wpUg;gp kjpg;G MFk;
, nka; ml;ltiz mikf;f.

jPh;T:
p q r pq pq r
T T T T T
T T F T T
T F T T T
T F F T T
F T T T T
F T F T T
F F T F T
F F F F F
40
2) nka; ml;ltiz mikf;f. 2008
jPh;T:
p q r pq pq r
T T T T T
T T F T F
T F T T T
T F F T F
F T T T T
F T F T F
F F T F F
F F F F F
3) nka; ml;ltiz mikf;f. ~ 2007

jPh;T:
p q r r pq pq r
T T T F T T
T T F T T T
T F T F F F
T F F T F T
F T T F F F
F T F T F T
F F T F F F
F F F T F T
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs;: nka; ml;ltiz mikf;f. 2009

2008 ~ 2007
~ ~ ~ 2006
~ ~ vgJ xU nka;ik vdf; fhl;Lf.
jPh;T ~ ~ , nka; ml;ltiz
p q p q p q ~ ~
p
T T F F F T
T F F T T T
F T T F T T
F F T T T T
filrp epuy; KOtJk; Mjyhy; ~ ~ xU nka;ik MFk;.

41
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; :1 ~ ~ vgJ xU nka;ik vdf; fhl;Lf. Oct2009

2 vgJ xU nka;ik vdf; fhl;Lf.
~ ~ xU KughL vdf;fhl;Lf
~ ~
p q p q p q
p
T T F F F F
T F F T F F
F T T F F F
F F T T T F
filrp epuy; KOtJk;
Mjyhy; ~ ~ xU KughL MFk;
gapw;rpf; fzf;F : 1) ~ ~ xU KughL vdf; fhl;Lf .
~ ~ vgJ xU nka;ikah vd;gjid nka;

ml;ltiziaf; nfhL jPh;khdpf;f.
p q p q (p)q p(q) ~ ~
T T F F T F T
T F F T F T T
F T T F T F T
F F T T T F T
filrp epuy; KOtJk; Mjyhy; ~ ~ xU nka;ik MFk;.
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : ~ ~ vgJ xU nka;ikah vd;gjid nka;

ml;ltiziaf; nfhL jPh;. 2009
. vdf; fhl;Lf. 2006, 2009

jPh;T: , nka; ml;ltiz
, nka; ml;ltiz

filrp epuy;fs; xNukhjphpahdit .

42
~ ~ vdf; fhl;Lf. 2007, 2008, 2010
jPh;T: , nka; ml;ltiz
~ ~ , nka; ml;ltiz
p q p q pq q p p q q p
T T F F T T T
T F F T F T F
F T T F T F F
F F T T T T T

.
~ ~ .
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; 1 ~ ~ . vdf; fhl;Lf. 2008

2 ~ ~ ~ vdf; fhl;Lf.
3 ~ ~ ~ vdf; fhl;Lf.
4 . vdf; fhl;Lf.
5 kw;Wk; rkhdkw;wit vdf; fhl;Lf. 2009
, , , Mfpa ehF mzpfSk; mlq;;fpa fzk;

mzp;g; ngUf;fyp fPo; xU vgpypad; Fyk; mikf;Fk; vd fhl;Lf.
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
jPh;T ; vd;f
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
, , , vd;f mzpg; ngUf;fy;.
I A B C
I I A B C
A A I C B
B B C I A
C C B A I
ml;ltizapypUe;J
1) milg;G tpjp: ml;ltizapd; vy;yh cWg;GfSk; y;
cs;sd.
/ milg;G tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ.
2) Nrh;g;G tpjp : ngUf;fy; Nrh;g;G tpjp cilaJ.
3) I G rkdp cWg;G MFk;.
43
4) vjph;kiw tpjp: d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
5) ml;ltizapypUe;J ghpkhw;W tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ
vdNt G, xU vgpypad; FykhFk;.
gapw;rpf; fzf;F : 0 , xU Fyk; vd fhl;Lf. 2009
, vw Fyj;jpy; cs xt;nthU cWg;Gf;Fk; thpiriaf; fhf 2008
jPh;T 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,J 5 , $l;ly; kl;Lf;F xU mgpypa
FykhFk;.
rkdp cWg;G 0 kw;Wk; 6 12 18 0
O( 0 )=1
O 1 6 1 I Fiwe;j gl;rk; 6 jlitf $l;bdhy; 6 0 fpilf;Fk;;
O 2 3 2 I Fiwe;j gl;rk; 3 jlitf $l;bdhy; 6 0 fpilf;Fk;

O 3 2. 3 I Fiwe;j gl;rk; 2 jlitf $l;bdhy; 6 0 fpilf;Fk;
xU Fyj;jp ePf;fy; tpjpfis vOjp epWTf. 2006, 2008
jPh;T G xU Fyk; vf. a, b, c G, vf

i a b a c b c (,lJ ePf;fy; tpjp)
ii b a c a b c (tyJ ePf;fy; tpjp)
ep&gzk;;: i a b a c a 1 a b a 1 a c
a 1 a b a 1 a c
e b e c
b c.
ii b a c a b a a 1 c a a 1
b a a 1 c a a 1
b e c e
b c.
XH Fyk; vf. a,b . mt;;thuhhap vd epp&gpf;f.
2007, 2009, 2010
1 1
jPh;T : MdJ , vjph;kiw vdf; fl;bdhy; NghJkhdJ

.

1 1
1 1
.
vdNt , vjph;kiw
44
gFjp-,-tpdh-tpilf(80- kjpg;ngz;fs;)
ntf;lu;,aw;fzpjk;;-2-tpdhf;fs;-20-kjpg;ngz;fs;)

xU Kf;Nfhzj;jp Fj;Jf;NfhLf xNu Gspapy; re;jpf;Fk; vgjid ntf;lh; Kiwapy; epWTf.
2006, 2008
jPh;T ; -,y; Fj;Jf;;NfhLf , Ak;; -,y; re;jpf;fpwd. Fj;Jf;;NfhLf xNu
Gsp topNar; nry;Yk; vd;gij epWt MdJ f;F nrq;Fj;jhf ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fhl;bdhy;
NghJkhdJ. I Mjpahff; nfhf. , , , epiy ntf;lh;f KiwNa , ,
vd;f.
, , kw;Wk;;
AD ^ BC 0.
0.
( )=0
= 0 (1)
0
0
( ) =0
= 0 (2)
1 2 =0
( ) =0
0
OC AB
vdNt %W Fj;Jf; NfhLfSk; xNu Gspapy; re;jpf;Fk; NfhLfshFk;.
. vd ntf;lh; Kiwapy; epWTf. 2012
jPh;T ; I ikakhff; nfhl myF tl;lj;jp kPJ , vw ,U Gspfis vLj;Jf;
nfhf.
kw;Wk; Mdit mr;Rl Vw;gLj;Jk; Nfhzq;f KiwNa , vf.
45

, , Maj; njhiyTf KiwNa cos A, sinA kw;Wk; cos B, sin B
, vw myF ntf;lh;fis , mr;R jpirfspy; vLj;Jf; nfhf.
cos sin kw;Wk; cos sin

= (cos sin )( cos sin )
cos A cos B sin A sin B
tiuaiuapgb OQ OP OQ OP cos A B cos A B

vdNt . *
;
2006, 2008, 2011

nfhf.

46
OQ . OP cos sin cos sin cos A cos B sin A sin B

tiuaiuapgb OQ OP OQ OP cos A B cos A B
vdNt
; .
2007, 2007, 2012
nfhf.


j k
OQ X OP = cos B sin B 0
cos A sin A 0
47
sin A cos B cos A sin B k ------- (1)

tiuaiuapgb OQ X OP OQ OP sin A B k
--------------- (2)
1 & 2 ypUe;J *
sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B 2008

nfhf.


OP cos A sin A j kw;Wk; OQ cos B sin B j
= cos sin 0
cos sin 0
sin A cos B cos A sin B k
tiuaiuapgb OQ X OP OQ OP sin A B k sin A B k
~ sin sin cos cos sin . *
, , , vdpy;
( , , , , vd;gijr; rupghu;f;f.
2009, . 2011
jPh;T ; = 1 1 1 = 2
2 0 1
48
= 2 1 1 = 3
1 1 2
( = 1 1 2 5 3 4
1 3 1
1 1 1
, , = 2 0 1 = 2
1 1 2
1 1 1
, , = 2 0 1 =1
2 1 1
, , , , = 5 3 4 .
vdNt ( , , , ,
, , vdpy;
. . vd;gijr; rupghu;f;f. 2007, 2008, 2011
jPh;T : = 1 1 1 = 2
2 0 1
= 2 1 1 = 3
1 1 2
( = 1 1 2 5 3 4
1 3 1
1 1 1
, , = 2 0 1 = 2
1 1 2
1 1 1
, , = 2 0 1 =1
2 1 1
, , , , = 5 3 4 .
vdNt ( , , , , *
8 kw;Wk; vd;w NfhLfs; ntl;bf; nfhs;Sk; vdf;

fhl;Lf. NkYk; mit ntl;Lk; Gs;spiaf; fhz;f. June 2006, 2010
jPu;T : a 1, 1, 0 , a 2, 1, 1 , u 1, 1 , 3 , v 1, 2, 1
NfhLfs; ntl;bf; nfhs;s epge;jid , u, v 0
49
. 0
1 2 1
, . ) = 1 1 3 0
1 2 1
NkYk; u , v ,izaw;wit. vdNt NfhLfs; ntl;bf;nfhs;Sk;.
vd;w Nfhl;by; cs;s VNjDk; xU Gs;spapd;
mikg;G 1, 1, 3 MFk;.
vd;w Nfhl;by; cs;s VNjDk; xU Gs;spapd;
mikg;G 2, 2 1 , 1
NfhLfs; ntl;Lk; Gs;spapy; 1, 1, 3 2, 2 1 , 1
1 2,
1 2 1 jPh;f;f 0
ntl;Lk; Gs;sp 1, 1, 0 . MFk;.
kw;Wk; vd;w NfhLfs; ntl;bf; nfhs;Sk; vdf;

fhl;Lf. NkYk; mit ntl;Lk; Gs;spiaf; fhz;f. 2007, 2009
jPu;T : 1, 1, 1 4, 0, 1 : u 3 , v 2 3
NfhLfs; ntl;bf; nfhs;s epge;jid , u, v 0
. . 0
3 1 0
, u, v = 3 1 0 0
2 0 3
NkYk; u , v ,izaw;wit. vdNt NfhLfs; ntl;bf;nfhs;Sk;.
vd;w Nfhl;by; cs;s
VNjDk; xU Gs;spapd; mikg;G 3 1, 1 , 1 MFk;.
vd;w Nfhl;by; cs;s
VNjDk; xU Gs;spapd; mikg;G 2 4, 0 , 3 1 MFk;.
NfhLfs; ntl;Lk; Gs;spapy; 3 1, 1, 1 2 4, 0, 3 1
1 0 kw;Wk; 3 1 1
1 kw;Wk; 0
ntl;Lk; Gs;sp 4, 0, 1 MFk;.
50
vw Nfhl;ilcslf;fpaJk; vw Nfhl;bw;F
,izahdJkhd jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisf;;
fhf. 2012
jPu;T: Njitahd jskhdJ vw Nfhl;ilcslf;fpajhy;; jskhdJ
2, 2, 1 vw GspiaAk; u 2 3j 3k vw ,iz ntf;liuAk; cslf;fpaJ.
NkYk; v 3 2j k vw ntf;lUf;F ,izahdJ.
jsj;jp ntf;lh; rkghL
2 2 s 2 3 3 t 3 2
, , 2, 2, 1 , , 2, 3, 3 , , 3, 2, 1
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
2 2 1
2 3 3 0
3 2 1
3x 7y 5z 3 0.
, , vw Gsp topr; nry;tJk; vw kw;Wk; vw

NfhLfSf;;F ,izahdJkhd jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisf;; fhf.
jPu;T : a 3j 2k : u 2 j 3k kw;Wk; v 2j 2k
ntf;lh; rkghL r a su tv
3 2 s 2 3 t 2 2
, , 1, 3, 2 , , 2, 1, 3 , , 1, 2, 2
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
1 3 2
2 1 3 0
1 2 2
8 5 1 0.
12) , , topNar; nry;yf; $baJk; kw;Wk; Mfpa

NfhLfSf;;F ,izahf csJkhd jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisf;; fhf.
2010, . 2011
jPh;T : 2, 1, 3
3 2 4 kw;Wk; 2 3 2
ntf;lh; rkghL
2 3 s 3 2 4 t 2 3 2
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
51
2 1 3
3 2 4 0
2 3 2
8 14 13 37 0.
, , vw Gsp topr; nry;tJk; x 2y 2z 5 kw;Wk; 3x y 2z 8 Mfpa

jsq;fSf;;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhdJkhd mike;j jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisf;;
fhf.
jPu;T : 1, 3, 2 2 2 kw;Wk; 3 2
jsj;jp ntf;lh; rkghL
3 2 s 2 2 t 3i j 2k
, , 1, 3, 2 , , 1, 2, 2 , , 3, 1, 2
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
1 3 2
1 2 2 0
3 1 2
2 4 5 0.
gapw;rpf; fzf;F : 1, 2, 1 vw Gsp topr; nry;tJk; x 2y 4z 7 0 kw;Wk;

2x y 3z 3 0 Mfpa jsq;fSf;;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhdJkhd mike;j jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk;
fhh;Brpa rkghLfisf;; fhf.
06, 08
, , kw;Wk; , , vw Gspf topNar; nry;yf; $baJk;

vw Nfhl;ilbw;F ,izahdJkhd jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisf;;
fhf.
jPu;T : a 1, 2, 3 , b 1, 2, 1 kw;Wk; v 2, 3, 4
ntf;lh; rkghL r 1 s a sb tv
1s 2 3 s 2 t 2 3 4
, , 1, 2, 3 , , 1, 2, 1 , , 2, 3, 4
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
1 2 3
2 4 4 0
2 3 4
2 1 0.
15 1, 2, 3 kw;Wk; 2, 3, 1 vw Gspf topNar; nry;yf; $baJk; vw
jsj;jpw;F nrq;Fj;jhfTk; mike;j jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisf; fhf.
March 2006, Sep. 2006, Oct. 2007, June 2008, 2012
jPh;T ; 3 2 4 5 0 vw jsj;jp nrq;Fj;J ntf;lh; 3 2 4 .
52
,e;j ntf;lh; Njitad jsj;jpw;F ,izahf csJ.
2 3 ; 2 3 ; 3 2 4
ntf;lh; rkghL 1
1 2 3 2 3 3 2 4
, , 1, 2, 3 , , 2, 3, 1 , , 3, 2, 4
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
3 1 2
1 1 2 0
3 2 4
2 7 0.
16) , , kw;Wk; , , Mfpa Gspf topNar; nry;yf; $baJk;
vw jsj;jpw;F nrq;Fj;jhf miktJkhd jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa
rkghLfisff; fhf. 2007, 2009, 2010
jPh;T ; ; ; 2 2
ntf;lh; rkghL 1
1 2 2
1, 1, 1 1, 1, 1 2, 2, 2 1, 1, 1 , , 1, 2, 2
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
1 1 1
2 2 0 0
1 2 2
2 2 3 3 0.
17) vw Nfhl;ilcslf;fpaJk; , , vw Gsp topNar; nry;yf;
$baJkhd jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisff; fhf.
jPh;T : ; 2 2 ; 2 3 2
ntf;lh; rkghL 1
1 2 2 2 3 2
1, 1, 1 1, 1, 1 2, 2, 2 2, 2, 1 , , 2, 3, 2
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
1 1 1
3 1 2 0
2 3 2
8 10 7 11 0.
, , , , , kw;Wk; , , . Mfpa Gspf topNar; nry;yf; $ba jsj;jp ntf;lh;
kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghLfisff; fhf.
jPh;T ; 2 2 ; 3 4 2 ; 7 6
xNu Nfhl;likahj nfhLf;fg;gl;l %W Gspf topNar; nry;Yk; jsj;jp
ntf;lh; rkghL r 1 s t a sb tc
1 2 2 3 4 2 7 6
53
1, 1, 1 2, 2, 1 ; 2, 2, 2 3, 4, 2 ; 3, 3, 3 7, 0, 6
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
2 2 1
1 2 3 0
5 2 7
5 2 3 17.
, kw;Wk; Mfpatw;iw epiy ntf;lhf;fshff; nfhl
Gspf topNar; nry;Yk; jsj;jp ntf;lh; kw;Wk; fhh;Brpa rkghl;ilf; fhf.
June 2009
jPh;T : r 1 s t a sb tc
1 3 4 2 2 2 7
1, 1, 1 3, 4, 2 2, 2, 2 2, 2, 1 3, 3, 3 7, 0, 1
fhh;Brpa rkghL 0
3 4 2
1 6 3 0
4 4 1
6 13 28 14 0.
ntl;Lj; JL tbtpy; xU jsj;jp rkghl;ilj; jUtpf;f. 2010
jPh;T ; a, b, kw;Wk; c vgd KiwNa x, y kw;Wk; z ntl;L JLf vf.

/ jskhdJ a, 0, 0 0, b, 0 kw;Wk; 0, 0, c vw Gspf topNar; nry;YfpwJ.
54
1, 1, , 0, 0
1 2, 2, 2 0, , 0 3, 3, 3 0, 0,
x x y y z z
fhh;Brpa rkghL x x y y z z 0
x x y y z z
x
a y 0 z 0
a b 0 0
a 0 c
x a bc y ac z ab 0
x bc abc y ac z ab 0
abc , 1
ntf;lh; rkghL : 1
1
1
1 ;
1
1 .
Hardworkneverfailsyou.
3. fyg;ngz;fs;-(gFjp-,-1-tpdh-10-kjpg;ngz;fs;)
vDk; Gs;sp fyg;n khwp Z If; Fwpj;jhy; P-, epakghijiaf; fhf.
.
jPh;T: vd;f.

2x 1 1 y 2xy i 2y 1 y x 2x 1
1 y x

2 2
2y 2y 2 2x 2 x 2 1 y 2 2y x2
i. e. , 2y x 2 0
P-, epakghij x 2y 2 0.
55
gapw;rpf; fzf;F ;
vDk; Gs;sp fyg;n khwp Z If; Fwpj;jhy; P-, epakghijiaf; fhf. 1
2012
vDk; Gs;sp fyg;n khwp Z If; Fwpj;jhy; P-, epakghijiaf; fhf.

1
vDk; Gs;sp fyg;n khwp Z If; Fwpj;jhy; P-, epakghijiaf; fhf. 1
vDk; Gs;sp fyg;n khwp Z If; Fwpj;jhy; P-, epakghijiaf; fhf. .

z 1
jPh;T: arg
z 1 3
arg z 1 arg z 1
3
put z x iy
arg x iy 1 arg x iy 1
3
1 1
3

tan tan =

tan
3
tan 3
3
2 3
2
1 2
3 +3 2 3 0
gapw;rpf; fzf;F: vDk; Gs;sp fyg;n khwp Z If; Fwpj;jhy; P-, epakghijiaf;
fhf.arg
2 2 2
vw rkghl;ghb %yq;fs; , kw;Wk; vdpy;
vd epWTf. 2007,
2009
2
jPh;T: x 2px p2 q2 0 jPh;Tfs; x p qi.
p q i kw;Wk; p q i. vd;f
tan y p q cot
y q cot p
y q cot p p iq
q cot i

= q

y

=
56

=

y
p qi p qi 2qi.

2
gapw;rpf; fzf;F : , vgit 2 2 0 , %yq;fs; kw;Wk; 1.
vdpy; vdf; fhl;Lf. 2006
2 n n n+1
. , %yq;fs; , kw;Wk; vdpy; mjpypUe;J
9 9
kjpg;ig ngWf. , 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012
jPh;T x2 2x 4 0. jPh;Tfs; x 1 3 i
=1 3 i = 1 3 i vd;f.
|| 2 || 2
,
2 kw;Wk; 2
1 3
2
2 2 2
2 9 2 3 0.
, , vdpy;
vdf; fhl;Lf.
jPu;T : x 2 cos ,
2
x 2x cos 1 0
x cos i sin
x cos i sin vd;f
y cos i sin
xm cos m i sin m
yn cos n i sin n
cos m n i sin m n
cos m n i sin m n
57

gapw;rpf; fzf;F : 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 2 , vdpy;
i) 2 ii) 2 2 vd ep&gp.

vy;yh kjpg;GfisAk; fhf kw;Wk; mj kjpg;Gfsp ngUf;fw;gy 1

vdTk; fhl;Lf. Oct. 2007, March2008

jPu;T : i r cos i sin vd;f.

r cos and r sin
r 1 and /3

i = (cos ( ) + i sin ( ))

i = cos i sin
cos sin 1/4
1/4
cos 2k sin 2k
cos 2k 1 i sin 2k 1 ,q;F k 0,1,2,3.
kjpg;Gfs; : cis , cis , cis , cis
ngUf;fw;gy cis cis 8 cis 2 1
vy;yh kjpg;GfisAk; fhf

jPu;T : 3 i r cos i sin vd;f.
r 2
3 i 2 cos i sin
2 cos i sin
2 cos 2k i sin 2k
2 cos 6k 5 i sin 6k 5 ,q;F k 0,1,2
kjpg;Gfs; : 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis .
gapw;rpf; fzf;F 3 vy;yh kjpg;GfisAk; fhf 2007
58
4 3 2
jPh;f;f , .
jPu;T : 4
3 2
x 1
x 1 = 0.
x 1
cos i sin
cos 2k i sin 2k
cos 2k 1 i sin 2k 1 where k 0,1,2,3,4.
kjpg;Gfs; : cis , cis 3 , cis 7 , cis 9 (x 1 cis I ePq;fyhf)

9 5 4
. vw rkghl;ilj; jPh;f;f. June 2006, 2011
9 5 4
jPu;T : x x x 1 0
5 4
1 1 4
1 0
1 1 0
1 0 ; 1 0
x 1 0.
1
= cos 0 i sin 0
cos 2k i sin 2k
cos i sin ,q;F k 0,1,2,3,4.
%yq;fshtd cis 0, cis , cis , cis , cis ,
x 1 0.
1
cos i sin
cos 2k i sin 2k
cos 2k 1 i sin 2k 1 ,q;F k 0,1,2,3.
%yq;fshtd x cis , cis , cis , cis . ,t;thW 9 %yq;fs; ngwg;gLfpwd.
7 4 3
gapw;rpf; fzf;F 1 0. vw rkghl;ilj; jPh;f;f. 2009
4. gFKiw tbtf;fzpjk;-gFjp-,-tpdh-tpilf-2- tpdhf;f-20-kjpg;ngf
vw Neh;NfhL mjpgutisak; njhLfpwJ vd ep&gpf;f.

NkYk; njhLk; GspiaAk; fhf. 2009
jPh;T : y mx c vw NfhL mjpgutisak; 1 f;F njhLNfhlhf
mika epge;jid .
59
5 12 9 kw;Wk;
2 2
9 9 1 a 9, b 1
c NkYk; a m b 9 1
. 5 12 9 vw Neh;NfhL mjpgutisaj;ij njhLfpwJ
,J mjpgutisaj;ij njhLk; Gsp ,
5; njhLk; Gsp 5,
vw Neh;NfhL ePtl;lk; f;F njhLNfhlhf csJ vd
ep&gpf;f. NkYk; njhLk; GspiaAk; fhf.
jPh;T : y mx c vw NfhL ePtl;lk; 1 f;F njhLNfhlhf
mika epge;jid .
x y 4 0 y x 4
m 1 kw;Wk; c 4
3 12 1 2
12, 2
4
16 NkYk; a2 m 2 b 2 12 1 4 16.
2 2 2 2
. 4 0 vw NfhL ePtl;lj;ij njhLfpwJ.
,J ePtl;lj;ij njhLk; Gsp , 3, 1 .
mjpgutisaj;jpd; ikak; , . NkYk; , topNa nry;fpwJ. },j njhiyj;njhL

NfhLfs; kw;Wk; Mfpatw;wpw;F ,izahf ,Uf;fpwd.
mjpgutisaj;jpd; rkghL fhf.
2006, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011
jPh;T : njhiyj;njhL NfhLfsp rkghLfsp ,izf; NfhLfs;
2 12 0 kw;Wk; 2 8 0
/ njhiyj;njhL NfhLfsp rkghLfsptbtk;
x 2y l 0 kw;Wk; x 2y m 0
,J mjpgutisaj;jpd; ikak; 2,4 topNa nry;fpwJ.
vdNt 2 8 l 0 l 10 kw;Wk; 2 8 m 0 m 6.
njhiyj; njhL NfhLfsp rkghLfs; x 2y 10 0 kw;Wk; x 2y 6 0.
vdNt mjpgutisaj;jpd; rkghl;b tbtk; x 2y 10 x 2 y 6 k.
,J 2,0 topNa nry;fpwJ. k 64
vdNt mjpgutisaj;jpd; rkghL x 2y 10 x 2y 6 64.

x + 2y 5 = 0 xU njhiyj; njhL NfhlhfTk;> (6>0) kw;Wk; (-3>0) vd;w Gs;spfs;
topNa nry;yf;$baJkhd nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; rkd;ghL fhz;f.
. 2006 , 2007 , 2007, 2008, 2008
jPu;T: nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; njhiyj;njhL NfhLfs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
nrq;Fj;J MFk;.
60
x + 2y 5 = 0 tpd; nrq;Fj;J rkd;ghL 2x y + = 0.
nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; Nru;g;G rkd;ghL> (x + 2y 5)(2x y + ) = 0
vdNt nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; rkd;ghL>
(x + 2y 5)(2x y + ) = -------------- 1
rkd;ghL (6>0) kw;Wk; (-3>0) vd;w Gs;spfs; topNa nry;fpwJ vdpy;>
12 12 2
8 6 8 48 3
2 + 3 9 = 36 =4 kw;Wk; = 16
nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; rkd;ghL> (x + 2y 5)(2x y + 4) = 16
xU njhq;F ghyj;jpd; fk;gp tlk; gutisa tbtpypYs;sJ. mjd; ePsk; 40 kPl;lh; MFk;.
topg; ghijahdJ fk;gp tlj;jpd; fPo;kl;lg; Gs;spapypUe;J 5 kPl;lh; fPNo cs;sJ. fk;gp
tlj;ijj; jhq;Fk; Jhz;fspd; cauq;fs; 55 kPl;lh; vdpy;> 30 kPl;lh; cauj;jpy; fk;gp
tlj;jpw;F xU Jiz jhq;fp $Ljyhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhy; mj;Jizj;jhq;fpapd;
ePsj;ijf; fhz;f. 2006
jPh;T: njhq;F ghyj;jpd; fk;gptlk; Nkw;Gwk; jpwg;Gila gutisa mikg;ig ngw;Ws;sJ vdf.
mjhtJ 2 4 .
nfhLf;fg;gl;l tptuq;fspypUe;J tlj;jpd; Kid topg;ghijapy; ,Ue;J 5kP Nky; mike;Js;sJ.

njhq;F ghyj;jpd; tpl;lk; 40 kPl;lh;. Gs;sp A 20, 50 gutisaj;jpd; kPJ mike;J cs;sJ.
400 4 50 2
Njitahd rkd;ghL 2 8y
, 50 vd;w Gs;sp gutisaj;jpd; kPJ mike;Js;sJ 200 102
jhq;fpapd; ePsk; 202 kPl;lh; MFk;.
6) xU uapy;Nt ghyj;jpd; Nky; tisT gutisaj;jpd; mikgigf; nfhz;Ls;sJ me;j

tistp mfyk; 100 mbahfTk; mt;tistp cr;rpg;Gs;sap cauk; ghyj;jpypUe;J 10
mbahfTk; cs;sJ .vdpy; ghyj;jpd; kj;jpapypUe;J ,lg;Gwk; my;yJ tyg;Gwk;10 mb Jhuj;jpy;
ghyj;jpd; Nky; tisT vt;tsT cauj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fhf. 2009
jPh;T :
61
,q;F gutisak; fPo;Nehf;fp jpwg;Gilajhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk.;
4
,J 50, 10 topahfnry;fpwJ
50 50 4 10 .
4 my;yJ 250
gutisaj;jp Nky; 10, cs;sJ vf.
100 250
vgJ ghyj;jp ikaj;jpypUe;J tyg;Gwk;10 mb Jhuj;jpy; ghyj;jpd; caukhFk;
10
10 9
Njitahd,lj;jpy; ghyj;jpd; cauk; 9 mb.
7) xU uhf;nfl; ntbahdJ nfhSj;Jk; NghJ mJ xU gutisag; ghifapy; nry;fpwJ.
mjd; cr;r cauk; 4 nrkP I vl;Lk; NghJ mJ nfhSj;jg;gl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J fpilkl;lJhuk;
6 kP njhiytpYs;sJ. ,Wjpahf fpilkl;lkhf 12 kP njhiytpy; jiuia te;jilfpwJ
vdpy; Gwg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; jiuAld; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; vwpNfhzk; fhz;f.
2006, 2009, 2010
gutisaj;jpd; rkd;ghL 4 vd;w mikg;ig cilaJ. (Kidia Mjpahff; nfhs;f)

,J 6, 4 topr; nry;fpwJ. 36 16
rkd;ghL : 9
,g;nghOJ 6, 4 vd;w Gs;spapy; rha;itf; fzf;fpl Ntz;Lk;.
9 my;yJ tiff;nfO
6, 4 ,y; tan tan
Njitahd vwp Nfhzk; tan
62
jiukl;lj;jpypUe;J 7.5nrkP cauj;jpy; jiuf;F ,izahf nghUj;jg;gl;l xU FohapypUe;J
ntspNaWk; ePh; jiuiaj; njhLk; ghij xU gutisaj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.
NkYk; ,e;j gutisag; ghijapd; Kid Fohapd; thapy; mikfpwJ. Foha; kl;lj;jpw;F
2.5 kP. fPNo ePhpd; gha;thdJ Fohapd; Kid topahfr; nry;Yk; epiy Fj;Jf; Nfhl;bw;F
3 kP. Jhuj;jpy; cs;sJ vdpy; Fj;Jf; Nfhl;bypUe;J vt;tsT Jhuj;jpw;F mg;ghy; ePuhdJ
jiuapy; tpOk; vd;gijf; fhz;f. 2009, . 2009
jPh;T:
nfhLf;fg;gl;l tptuq;fspd;gb gutisak; fPo;Nehf;fp jpwg;Gilajhf mikfpwJ.

mjhtJ 4 .
vd;w Gs;sp gutisag; ghijapy; Foha; kl;lj;jpw;F 2.5kP fPNoAk; Fohapd; Kid topNa
nry;Yk; epiy Fj;Jf; Nfhl;bw;F 3kP mg;ghYk; cs;sJ.
vd;gJ 3, 2.5 . vdNt 9 4 2.5
/ gutisaj;jpd; rkd;ghL 4
Fj;Jf;Nfhl;bd; mbapypUe;J Jhuj;Jf;F mg;ghy; ePuhdJ jiuapy; tpOtjhff; nfhs;f.
Mdhy; FohahdJ jiukl;lj;jpypUe;J 7.5 kP cauj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
, 7.5 vd;w Gs;sp gutisaj;jpYs;sJ.
4 7.5 27 33
/ vdNt jz;zPh; jiuiaf; njhLk; ,lj;Jf;Fk; Fohapd; KidapypUe;J tiuag;gLk;
Fj;Jf;Nfhl;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l Jhuk; 33 kP MFk;.
9) xU thy; tpz;kPd; MdJ r+hpaidr; Rw;wp gutisiag; ghijapy; nry;fpwJ. Kw;Wk; R+hpad;
gutisaj;jpd; Ftpaj;jpy; mikfpwJ. thy; tpz;kPd; r+hpadpypUe;J 80 kpy;ypad; fp.kP
njhiytpy; mike;J ,Uf;Fk; NghJ thy; tpz;kPidAk; R+hpaidAk; ,izf;Fk; NfhL
ghijapd; mr;Rld; Nfhzj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jkhdhy; thy; tpz; kPdpd; ghijapy;
rkd;ghl;ilf; fhz;f. thy; tpz;kPd; r+hpaDf;F vt;tsT mUfpy; tuKbAk; vd;gijAk;
fhz;f. (ghij tyJ Gwk; jpwg;Gilajhf nfhs;f.) 2008
jPh;T :
63
gutisaj;jpd; ghij tyJ gf;fk; jpwg;GilaJ. NkYk; Kidg;Gs;sp MjpapYs;sJ.

4 .
thy; tpz;kPdpd; epiy vdf; nfhlhy; 80 kpy;ypad; fp.kP MFk;
ypUe;J gutisaj;jpd; mR;Rf;F vd;w nrq;Fj;J tiuf.
,q;F vd;f.
Kf;Nfhzk; ypUe;J sin 403 : 40
40 VF a vd;gjhy;) vd;gJ , 40, 403

vd;gJ gutisak; 4 Nky; ,Ug;gjhy;
403 4 40 60 20 ( 60 Vw;Gilajy;y.)
/ ghijapd; rkd;ghL 80
R+hpaDf;Fk; thy; tpz;kPDf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s> kpff; Fiwe;j Jhuk; mjhtJ> a 20
/ kpff; Fiwe;j Jhuk; 20 kpy;ypad; fp.kP MFk;.
xU njhq;F ghyj;jpd; fk;gp tlk; gutisa tbtpypYs;sJ. Mj ghuk; fpilkl;lkhf

rPPuhf gutpAs;sJ.mijj; jhq;Fk; ,U Jhz;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s Jhuk; 1500 mb.
fk;gp tlj;ijj; jhq;Fk; Gs;spfs; Jhzpy; jiuapypUe;J 200 mb cauj;jpy; mike;Js;sd.
NkYk; jiuapypUe;J fk;gp tlj;jp jho;thd Gs;spap cauk; 70 mb. fk;gptlk; 122 mb
cauj;jpy; jhq;Fk; fk;gj;jpw;F ,ilNa cs;s nrq;;Fj;J ePsk; (jiuf;F ,izahf) fhf.
. 2007, . 2011
jPh;T :
fk;gp tlj;jp kPJ kpfj;jho;thd Gs;sp KidahFk;. ,jid Mjpahff; nfhs;f. kwWk;
jhq;Fk; Jhfs; MFk.; ,U JhfSf;F ,ilNaAs;s njhiyT 1500 mb
vgjhy; 750 mb 200 mb. 200 70 130 mb
vdNt vgJ 750, 130 .
64
gutisaj;jpd; rkd;ghL 4 .
750, 130 vd;w Gs;sp gutisaj;jpd; kPJ mike;Js;sJ.
750 4 130 4
rkd;ghL MFk;.
fk;gk; tpypUe;J fk;gp tlj;jpw;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhd ePsk; vf.
122. 70, 52
vgJ , 52
gutisaj;jpd; kPJ cs;sJ x 52
15010
2 30010 mb
xU Nfh-Nfh tpisahl;L tPuh; tpisahl;Lg; gapw;rpapd; NghJ mtUf;Fk; Nfh-Nfh
Fr;rpfSf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s Jhuk; vg;NghOJk; 8kP Mf ,Uf;FkhW czh;fpwhh;. mt;tpU
Fr;rpfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l Jhuk; 6kP vdpy; mth; xLk; ghijapd; rkd;ghl;ilf; fhz;f.
2011
jPh;T : Nfh-Nfh Fr;rpfs; ,uz;Lk; F1 kw;Wk; F2 ,y; mike;Js;sd vdf; nfhs;f.
P x, y vd;w Gs;spahdJ tpisahl;L tPuhpd; epiy vdf; nfhs;f.
F P F P 2a 8 4
F F 2ae 6
NkYk; 1 7
2 2
/ ghijapd; rkd;ghL
16 7
1.
12) xU ePs; tl;lg; ghijap Ftpaj;jpy; kp ,Uf;FkhW xU Jizf;Nfhs; Rw;wp tUfpwJ.
,j ikaj; njhiyj;jfT MfTk; kpf;Fk; Jizf;NfhSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l kPr;rpW
Jhuk; 400 fpNyh kPl;lu;fs; MfTk; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; kpf;Fk; Jizf;NfhSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
mjpfggl;r Jhuk; vd ? 2007, 2008, 2012
jPh;T :
65
glj;;jpypUe;J kpap epiy vf.

kpf;Fk; Jizf;NfhSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l kPr;rpW Jhuk; 400 fp.kP.
kpf;Fk; Jizf;NfhSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mjpfggl;r Jhuk;
. .
a ae
400 a 1 e a 1
a 800 CA 800.
CF ae 800x 400 km
kpf;Fk; Jizf;NfhSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mjpfggl;r Jhuk;
400 800 1200 fp.kP.
13) #hpa Ftpaj;jpypUf;FkhW nkh;Fhp fpufkhdJ #hpaid xU ePs; tl;lg; ghijapy; Rw;wp
tUfpwJ. mj miu nel;llr;rp ePsk; kpy;ypa iky;fs; MfTk; ikaj;
njhiyj;jfT . MfTk; ,Uf;Fkhap nkh;Fhp fpufkhdJ #hpaDf;F kpf
mUfhikapy; tUk; NghJ cs;s Jhuk; nkh;Fhp fpufkhdJ #hpaDf;F kpfj;
njhiytpy; tUk; NghJ cs;s Jhuk; Mfpatw;iwf; fhf. . 2009, 2010, . 2011
jPh;T :
glj;;jpypUe;J #hpadp epiy vf.

36 kpy;ypa iky;fs; 0.206
nkh;Fhp fpufkhdJ #hpaDf;F kpf mUfhikapy;> kpfj; njhiytpy;
,Uf;;Fk; epiyfs; kw;Wk; vf..
#hpaDf;F kpf mUfhikapy; Jhuk;
66
1
36 1 0.206
36 0.794
28.584 kpy;ypa iky;fs;
#hpaDf;F kpfj; njhiytpy; Jhuk;
1
36 0.206 1 36 1.206
43.416 kpy;ypa iky;fs;.
14) xU ghyj;jpd; tisthdJ miu ePs;tl;ljjp tbtpy; cs;sJ. fpilkl;ljpy; mj

mfyk; 40 mbahfTk; ikaj;jpypUe;J mj cauk; 16 mbahfTk; cs;sJ vdpy;
ikaj;jpypUe;J tyJ my;yJ ,lg;Gwj;jpy; 9 mb Jhujj;jpy; cs;s jiug; Gs;spapypUe;J
ghyj;jpd; cauk; vd ? . 2010, 2011
jPh;T :
ghyj;jpd; eLg;Gs;spia 0, 0 vf. fpil kl;lk; 40 mb.

vdNt Kidfs; kw;Wk; vgd 20, 0 kw;Wk; 20, 0
,q;F 2 40 , 16 20
vdNt rkd;ghL 1
ikaj;jpypypUe;J tyJ Gwj;jpy; 9 mb Jhujj;jpy; ghyj;jpd; cauk; vf.
1
4
1 5
319 .
jiug; Gs;spapypUe;J ghyj;jpd; cauk; 319 .
15) xU tisT miu ePs;tl;l tbtj;jpy; cs;sJ. mjd; mfyk; 48 mb. cauk;
20 mb. jiuapypUe;J 10 mb cauj;jpy;; tistp mfyk;; vd;d? . 2006)
67
jiuap eLg;Gs;spia ikak; 0, 0 Mff; nfhs;f. jiuap mfyk; 48 mb vgjy;
Kidfs; , Mdit 24, 0 , 24, 0 MFk;.
2 48 24 kw;Wk; 20
ePtl;lj;jp rkghL 1
10 kP cauKs;s Jhzpw;fFk; ikaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s Jhuk; vf.
vdNt , 10 vw Gs;sp rkghL (1) I epiwT nra;Ak.
1 123
jiuapypUe;J 10 mb cauj;jpy;; tistp mfyk; 243 mb.
16) xU EioT thapypd; Nkw;$iuahdJ miu ePs;tl;l tbtj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,jd; mfyk;
20mb ikaj;jpypUe;J mjd; cauk; 18 mb kw;Wk; gf;fk; Rth;fspd; cauk; 12 mb
vdpy; VNjDk; xU gf;fr; RthpypUe;J 4 mb Jhuj;jpy; Nkw;$iuapd; cauk; vd;dthf
,Uf;Fk;? ( 2007, 2010
jPh;T: gf;f RthpypUe;J 4 mb Jhuj;jpy; cs;s Nkw;$iuapd; cauk; vd;f.
glj;jpd; %yk; mb
d; ePsj;ijf; fhz;Nghk;.
mfyk; 20 mbahf ,Ug;gjhy; Kidfs;
, ,d; Maj; njhiyfs; 10, 0 , 10, 0 vdf; nfhs;f.
glj;jpd; %yk; 2 20 10 kw;Wk; 6
1
vd;gJ vdpy; ,d; Maj; njhiyfs;
ePs; tl;lj;jpd; kPJ miktjhy;. 1 4.8

12 4.8 16.8
/ Njitahd Nkw;$iuapd; cauk; 16.8 mbahFk;.
17) xU rkjsj;jpd; Nky; nrq;Fj;jhf mike;Js;s Rthpd; kPJ 15kP ePsKs;s xU VzpahdJ
jsj;jpidAk; Rtw;wpidAk; njhLkhW efh;fpwJ nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ vdpy;> Vzpapd; fPo;kl;l
KidapypUe;J 6 kP Jhuj;jpy; Vzpapy; mike;Js;s vd;w Gs;spapd; epag;ghijiaf; fhz;f.
. 2008, 2012
jPh;T : vd;gJ Vzp vd;f. Vzpapd; kPJ , vd;w Gs;sp kP
,Uf;FkhW vLj;Jf; nfhs;f.
mr;Rf;F nrq;Fj;jhf -Ak; mr;Rf;F
nrq;Fj;jhf -Ak; tif.
kw;Wk; tbnthj;jit.
68
6 36
36, 1
, 1
6. tif Ez;fzpjk; gad;ghLfs; - II
gFjp-,-tpdh-tpilf-1- tpdh-10-kjpg;ngf
vw rhh;gpy; kw;Wk; vDkhW ,Ug;gp kw;Wk;

fhf.
jPu;T : kw;Wk;
2 :
log
2 x 2 y
2 log
2 ( ,q;F kw;Wk;
vdpy; yup Njw;wj;ijg; gagLj;jp

vdf; fhl;Lf. 2007 2008
jPu;T : sin

RHS rkgbj;jhdrhh;G my;y. vdNt

Sin , . vd tiwaWf;fTk;.

,g;NghJ vgJ gb cila rkgbj;jhd rhh;G.
yhp Njw;wg; gb .
69
sin
cos sin
x y tan u
3 yup Njw;wj;ijg; gagLj;jp vdpy;

vd ep&gpf;f. 2009, 2011
jPu;T : u tan
RHS rkgbj;jhdrhh;G my;y. vdNt
tan , vd tiwaWf;fTk;.
,g;NghJ vgJ gb 2 cila rkgbj;jhd rhh;G.
yhp Njw;wg;gb 2 .
2 tan
sec 2 tan
2
4 , f;F yup Njw;wj;ij rhpghh;f;f June 2006
jPu;T : f tx, ty f x, y t 1 f x, y
vgJ gb -1 cila rkgbj;jhd rhh;G.
yhp Njw;wg; gb .
rhpghh;j;jy; :
2 2
3 .
2 2 2
yhp Njw;wk; rhpghh;f;fg; gl;lJ
vdpy; vgij rhpghh;. 2010

u
jPu;T :
x
u
y
2u 2u
= =
xy yx
2u 2u
=
xy yx
70
vgij rhpghh;f;f. 2012
7) tifaPLfisg; gagLj;jp gptUtdtw;wp Njuha kjpg;gpid fzf;fpLf.

. .
3
jPh;T : 1.02 1.02
vd;f.
1 0.02 vd;f
. 1 0.02 0.0066
1 0.0066 1 0.0066
1.02 1.0066.
NkYk; vd;f.
1 0.02 vd;f
. 1 0.02 0.005
1 0.005 1 0.005
1.02 1.005
1.02 1.02 1.0066 1.005 2.0116
8) vd;fpw tis tiuia tiuf. 2009
jPh;T:
1. rhh;gfk;> ePl;bg;G> ntl;Lj;Jz;Lfs; kw;Wk; Mjp.
i) rhh;gfk; : (-,
ii) fpilkl;l ePl;bg;G ,
iii) epiyf;Fj;J ePl;bg;G : (-,
iv) ntl;Lj;Jz;L : y ntl;Lj;Jz;L 1. x ntl;Lj;Jz;L -1
v) Mjp tistiu Mjp top nry;yhJ.
2. rkr;rPh; Nrhjid ,t;tistiuf;F rkr;rPh; gz;G ,y;iy.

3. njhiyj;njhL NfhLfs; njhiyj;njhL NfhLfs; ,y;iy.
4. Xhpay;G jd;ik tistiu , KOtJkhf VWKfkhr;
nry;Yk;.
5. rpwg;Gg; Gs;spfs; , 0 y; tistiu fPo;Nehf;fp FopthfTk;>
0, y; tistiu Nky; Nehf;fpf; FopthfTk;
,Uf;Fk;. 0,1 vd;gJ tisT khw;wg;Gs;sp.
71
14
12
10
0
-1 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 -2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
9) vd;fpw tistiuia tiuf.

. 2006, 2008, 2008, 2010, 2012
jPh;T:
i rhh;gfk; : ,
ii ePl;bg;G
fpilkl;l ePl;bg;G ,
epiyf;Fj;J ePl;bg;G ,
iii ntl;Lj;JL ntl;Lj;JL 0
ntl;Lj;Jz;L 0
vi) Mjp : tistiu Mjp top nry;fpwJ.
2. rkr;rPh; Nrhjid Mjpiag; nghWj;J rkr;rPuhdJ.
3. njhiyj;njhL NfhLfs; njhiyj;njhL NfhLfs; ,y;iy.
4. Xhpay;G jd;ik tistiu , KOtJkhf VWKfkhr; nry;Yk;.
5. rpwg;Gg; Gs;spfs; , 0 y; tistiu fPo;Nehf;fp FopthfTk;>
tistiu 0, y; Nky; Nehf;fpf; FopthfTk;
,Uf;Fk;. 0, 0 vd;gJ tisT khw;wg;Gs;sp.
1
0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
72
10) vd;fpw tis tiuia tiuf. 2006, 2009, 2011

jPh;T:
rhh;gfk; : 0,
fpilkl;l ePl;bg;G : 0,
epiyf;Fj;J ePl;bg;G ,
ntl;Lj;Jz;L : ntl;Lj;Jz;L 0. ntl;Lj;Jz;L 0
Mjp : tistiu Mjp top nry;fpwJ
2. rkr;rPh; Nrhjid : ,t;tistiu nghWj;J rkr;rPuhdJ.
3. njhiyj;njhL NfhLfs;: njhiyj;njhL NfhLfs; ,y;iy.
4. Xhpay;G jd;ik : 2 f;F tistiu VWKfkh ,Uf;Fk;.

2 f;F tistiu ,wq;FKfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
5. rpwg;Gg; Gs;spfs; : 0, 0 vd;gJ tisT khw;wg; Gs;sp my;y.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
8. tifnfOrkghLf gFjp-,-1-tpdhf;f-10-kjpg;ngf
1) Nubak; rpijAk; khW tPjkhdJ, mjpy; fhzg;gLk; mstpw;f;F tpfpjkhf

mike;Js;sJ. 50 tUlq;fspy; Muk;g mstpypUe;J 5 rjtPjk; rpije;jpUf;fpuJ vdpy;
100 tUl Kbtpy; kPjpapUf;Fk; msT vd;d ? [ A0 I Muk;g msT vdf;nfhs;f]
, ,
jPu;T : t Neuj;jpy; Nubaj;jpd; msT A vd;f.

0,

50 tUlq;fspy; Nubak; Muk;g epiyapypUe;J 5% rpijTWfpwJ.
t = 50 vdpy; A = 0.95A0. 0.95 0.95

73
100, vdpy; 2
0.9025 0.95
100 tUl Kbtpy; kPjpapUf;Fk; Nubaj;jpd; msT 0.9025 0.
2) gapw;rpf; fzf;F : xU ,urhad tpistpy; xU nghU khw;wk; milAk; khW tPjkhdJ

Neuj;jpy; khw;wkilahj mg;nghUsp mstpw;F tpfpjkhf csJ. xU kzp Neu Kbtpy;
60 fpuhKk; kw;Wk; 4 kzp Neu Kbtpy; 21 fpuhKk; kPjkpUe;jhy;> Muk;g epiyapy;> mg;
nghUsp vilapiidf;fhf. 2011
3) & 1000 vd;w njhiff;F njhlur;;rp $l;L tl;b fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ tl;b tpfpjk;
Mz;nlhz;wpf;F 4 rjtPjkhf ,Ug;gpd;, mj;njhif vj;jid Mz;Lfspy; Muk;g
njhifiag; Nghy; ,Uklq;fhFk;. ( log e2 = 0.6931)
. 2006, 2007, 2008, . 2010, 2012
jPu;T : t vd;w Neuj;jpy; mry; A vd;f.
0.04
0.04
.

0, vdpy; 1000
1000 1000.
.
1000
.
2000, 2000 1000
.
2
log 2
0.04
17.33 tUlq;fs;
17 tUlq;fs; 4 khjq;fs;
(Njhuhakhf)
4) gapw;rpf; fzf;F : xU tq;fpahdJ njhlu; $l;L tl;b Kiwapy; tl;b fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
mjhtJ tl;b tPjjj;ij me;je;j Neuj;jpy; mryp khW tPjj;jpy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
xUtuJ tq;fp ,Ug;gpy; njhlur;;rpahd $l;L tl;b %yk; MnlhWf;F % tl;b
ngWFfpwJ mtuJ tq;fp ,Ug;gp xU tUl fhy mjpfhpg;gp rjtPjj;ijf; fzf;fppLf.
( . 1.0833)
5) ntg;gepiy 15occs;s xU miwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s NjePupd; ntg;g epiy 1000 c

MFk;. mJ 5 epkplq;fspy; 600c Mf Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. NkYk; 5 epkplk; fopj;J
NjePupd; ntg;g epiyiaf; fhz;f. (Oct-2009)
jPu;T : t vd;w neuj;jpy; NjePupd; ntg;gepiyia T vd;f.
epA+l;ldpd; Fspu;r;rp tpjpg;gb, k T S .
___________ 1
0, vdpy; 1 100 15 85.
85 ___________________ 2
5 , vdpy; 60 2 60 15 85
.
10 85
2 15 85 38 . 82 .
74
6) xU efuj;jpy; cs;s kf;fs; njhifapd; tsu;rp tPjk; me;Neuj;jpy; cs;s kf;fs;
njhiff;F tpfpjkhf mike;Js;sJ. 1960 Mk; Mz;by; kf;fs; njhif 1,30,000
vdTk; 1990 y; kf;fs; njhif 1,60,000 MfTk; ,Ug;gpd; 2020 Mk; Mz;by; kf;fs;
njhif vt;tsthf ,Uf;Fk;. [log e 16 = .2070, e .42 = 1.52 ] 2008, 2010
jPu;T : t vd;w Neuj;jpy; kf;fs; njhif A vd;f.
.

1960 k; Mz;L kf;fs; njhifapid njhlf;f kf;fs; njhlf;f kf;fs; njhifahf nfhs;f.
0, vdpy; 130000 130000 0
130000
1990 Mk; Mz;by; 30 vdpy; 160000
160000 130000 30
30 .
2020 Mk; Mz;by; A If; fhz ( t = 2020 - 1960 = 60)
60,vdpy; 130000 130000 197600.
2020 y; kf;fs; njhif 1,97,000 Njhuhakhf
7) xU fjphpaf;fg; nghUs; rpijAk; khWtPjkhdJ> mjd; vilf;F tpfpjkhf
mike;Js;sJ. mjd; vil 10 kp. fpuhk; Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ rpijAk; khWtPjk;
ehnshd;Wf;F 0.051 kp fpuhk; vdpy; mjd; vil 10 kp. fpuhkpypUe;J 5 kp.
fpuhKf;Ff; Fiwa vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; fhy msitf; fhz;f. [ / log2 e = 0.6931]
2012
jPu;T : t Neuj;jpy; fjphpaf;fg; nghUspd; vil x vd;f.
= _________ (1)
_________ 2
0, 10
2 10
10 _________ 3
x = 10 vd ,Uf;Fk; NghJ 0.051 vdf; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
(rpijTWtjhy;)
10 , 1.
1 0 . 0051
3 10 0.0051
_________ 4
x = 5 vDk;NghJ t I fhz
4 5 5 10 0.0051
.
2
0 . 0051 2
136 ehl;fs;.
75
gapw;rpf; fzf;Ff :
8) xU ,we;jtH cliy kUj;JtH ghpNrhjpf;Fk; NghJ ,we;j Neuj;ijj; Njhuhakhf fzf;fpl
NtbAsJ. ,we;jthp clyp ntg;g epiy fhiy 10.00 kzpastpy; . vdf;

Fwpj;Jf; nfhfpwhH. NkYk;2kzpNeuk;fopj;J ntg;gepiy msit . vdf; fhfpwhH.

miwap ntg;g epiy msT (epiyahdJ) vdpy; ,we;j Neuj;;ijf; fzzf;fpLf.
. .
. . ; ; . . 2011
. .
9) xU Nehahspap rpWePhpypUe;J Ntjpg;nghU ntspNaWk; mstpid njhlHr;rpahf
Nfj;NjlH vw fUtpap %yk; ffhzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. vw
Neuj;jpy; Nehahspf;F 10 kp.fpuhk;. Ntjpg; nghU nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,J kp.fpuhk;/kzp vDk; tPjj;jpy; ntspNaWfpwJ. vdpy;
Neuk; 0 vDk;NghJ> Nehahspap clypYs Ntjpg;nghUsp msit
fhZk; nghJr; rkghL vd?
KOikahf Ntjjpg;; nghU ntspNaw vLj;Jf; nfhSk; Fiwe;j gl;r fhy
msT vd?
10) EZapHfsp ngUf;fj;jpy; ghf;Bhpahtp ngUf;ftPjkhdJ mjpy;fhzg;gLk; ;
ghf;Bhpahtp vzpf;iff;F tpfpjkhf mike;JsJ. ,g;ngUf;fj;jhy;; ghf;Bhpahtp
vzpf;if 1 kzp Neuj;jpy; Kk;klq;fhfpwJ vdpy; Ie;J kzp Neu Kbtpy;
ghf;Bhpahtp vzpf;if Muk;g epiyiaf; fhl;bYk; klq;fhFk; vdf;fhl;Lf.
2006, 2009, 2011
9.jdpepiyf; fzf;fpay;
(gFjp-, : 1-tpdh-10-kjpgngfs;)
, ) xU Kbtw;w vgpypad; Fyk; vdf;fhl;Lf. ,q;F MdJ vDkhW

tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2008, 2010
jPh;T:
1..milg;G tpjp: a , b kw;Wk; 2 KO vz;fs; Mjyhy; a b 2 xU KO vz; a
b Z a, b Z
2.Nrh;g;G tpjp: a, b, c Z vd;f.
a b c a b 2 c a b 2 c 2 a b c 4
a b c a b c 2 a b c 2 2 a b c 4
a b c a b c Nrh;g;G tpjp cz;ik.
3.rkdp tpjp: e rkdp cWg;G vd;f. a e a
a e 2 a
e 2 Z rkdp tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
4.vjph;kiw tpjp: a Z vd;f. a d; vjph;kiw vdpy; a a 1 e 2.
1
a a 2 2
1
a 4 a Z
vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahFk;. , ) xU Fyk;.
5.ghpkhw;Wg; gz;G: a, b, Z vd;f. a b a b 2 b a 2 b a
/ ghpkhw;W tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
Z, xU vgpypad; Fyk;.
NkYk;. xU Kbtw;w fzkhjyhy; ,J Kbtw;w vgpypad; FykhFk;.
76
; vd;w mikg;gpy; cs;s mzpfs; ahTk; mlq;fpa fzk; G MdJ
mzp ngUf;fypd; fPo; xU Fyk; vdf;fhl;Lf.
jPh;T: G f x / vd;f. mzpg; ngUf;fy;.
1. milg;G tpjp: A = ,B= G

2xy 2xy
AB G 2xy 0 \ milg;G tpjp cz;ik.
2xy 2xy
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp: mzpg; ngUf;fy; vg;NghJk; Nrh;g;G tpjpf;Fl;gl;lJ.
e e
3. rkdpg; gz;G: vd;gJ rkdp cWg;G vd;f.
e e
AE A
2 2

2 2
2xe x
E G vd;gJ rkdp cWg;G. / rkdp tpjp cz;ik.
y y
4. vjph;kiw tpjp: A y y G
vd;gJ A A E vDkhW cs;sJ vd;f.
vDkhW cs;sJ.
2 2

2 2
2xy y
A G d; vjph;kiw A MFk;.
vdNt G, xU FykhFk;.
3) , mikg;gpy; cs;s vy;yh mzpfSk; mlq;fpa fzk; mzpg; ngUf;fypd;

fPo; xU vgpypad; Fyj;ij mikf;Fk; vdf;fhl;Lf. 2008
a 0
jPh;T: G /a R 0 mzpg; ngUf;fy;
0 0
0 0 0
1. milg;G tpjp : ; vdpy; 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
milg;G tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp: mzpg; ngUf;fy; vg;NghJk; Nrh;g;G tpjpf;Fl;gl;lJ.
e 0
3. rkdpg; gz;G: vd;gJ rkdp cWg;G vd;f..
0 0
0 0 0
AE A
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
e a 1
0 0 0 0
77
1 0
E G vd;gJ rkdp cWg;G.
0 0
/rkdp tpjp cz;ik.
1 x 0
4. vjph;kiw tpjp: A A G vd;gJ A A E vDkhW cs;sJ vd;f.
0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0
1
0 0 0 0
1
0
A a G d; vjph;kiw A MFk;.
0 0
0 0
= ghpkhw;W tpjp cz;ik
0 0 0 0
Ij; jtpu kw;w vy;yh tpfpjKW vz;fSk; mlq;fpa fzk; G vd;f. G y; I
, vDkhW tiuaWg;Nghk;. , xU KbTw;w vgpypad; Fyk;
vdf;fhl;Lf. 2008, 2012
jPh;T: 1 kw;Wk;
1. milg;G tpjp :
, vdpy;> a, b tpfpjKW vz;fs; a 1, b 1 a 1 0 kw;Wk; b 1 0
a 1 b 1 0
ab a b 1 0
1 a b ab
a b 1
a b G a, b G milg;G tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp: , ,

.
/ Nrh;g;G tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
3. rkdp tpjp: vd;gJ rkdp cWg;G vd;f.
0 /rkdp tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
4. vjph;kiw tpjp: d; vjph;kiw vd;f. e 0.
0
/ vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
5. ghpkhw;W tpjp: a, b f;F a b a b ab a b ba b a.
/ ghpkhw;W tpjp cz;ik.
vdNt G, xU vgpypad; FykhFk;. NkYk; G Kbtw;wjhjyhy;>
G, KbTw;w vgpypad; Fyk;.
5) -1 I jtpu kw;w vy;yh tpfpjKW vz;fSk; cs;slf;fpa fzk; G MdJ
vDkhW tiuaWf;fg;gl;l nraypd; d; fPo; xU vgpypad; Fyj;ij
mikf;Fk; vdf; fhl;Lf. 2007, 2009
jPh;T: 1 kw;Wk;
1. milg;G tpjp :
, vdpy;> a, b tpfpjKW vz;fs; a 1, b 1 a 1 0 kw;Wk; b 1 0
a 1 b 1 0
ab a b 1 0
78
1 a b ab
a b 1
a b G a, b G milg;G tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp: , ,
.
/ Nrh;g;G tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
0 /rkdp tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
4. vjph;kiw tpjp: d; vjph;kiw vd;f. e 0.
0
/ vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
5. ghpkhw;W tpjp:a, b f;F a b a b ab a b ba b a.
/ ghpkhw;W tpjp cz;ik.
vdNt G, xU vgpypad; FykhFk;. NkYk; G Kbtw;wjhjyhy;>
G, KbTw;w vgpypad; Fyk;.
6) G vd;gJ kpif tpfpjKW vz;fspd; fzk; vd;f. vDkhW tiuaWf;fgl;l nrayp
d; fPo; xU Fyj;ij mikf;Fk; vdf;fhl;Lf. 2006, 2006, . 2007
jPh;T: kpif tpfpj KW vz;fs; ; ,
1. milg;G tpjp: , vd;f. a, b vd;gd kpif tpfpj KW vz;fshjyhy;
kpif tpfpjKW vz; MFk;.
, . / milT tpjp cz;ik.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp: , , . vdpy;>
/ Nrh;g;G tpjp cz;ik.

3 / rkdp tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
4. vjph;kiw tpjp: d; vjph;kiw vd;f.
1
3. 3
1
. vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
vdNt G, xU FykhFk;.
7) , vgJ $l;liyg; nghWj;;J XU Kbtw;;w vgpypad; Fyj;ij
mikf;Fk; vdf;fhl;Lf.
jPh;T ,
1. milg;G tpjp: x, vd;f. 2 , 2 , , ,
2 milT tpjp cz;ik.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp : $l;ly; Nrh;g;G tpjp ciaJ.
3. rkdp tpjp: : 0 0 02 MdJ vy;yh 2 f;Fk;
0 2 0 02 2 kw;Wk; 0 vDkhW cs;sJ .
/ rkdp tpjp cz;ikahFk;
4. vjph;kiw tpjp : xt;nthU 2 -f;Fk; 2 MdJ
79
2 2 0 vDkhW cL.
NkYk; 0 MFk; vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahFk;.
vdNt , xU FykhFk;.
5. ghpkhw;W tpjp : nka;nafs; khw;W tpjpf;Fl;gl;lJ. / , xU vgpypad; FykhFk;.
NkYk; G Kbtw;wjhjyhy;> G, Kbtw;w vgpypad; Fyk;.
8) 11-d; kl;Lf;F fhzg; ngw;w ngUf;fypd; fPo; , , , , vd;w fzk; XU

vgpypad; Fyj;ij mikf;Fk; vdf;fhl;Lf. jPh;T. 2007, 2009
jPh;T : 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 11
11 1 3 4 5 9
1 1 3 4 5 9
3 3 9 1 4 5
4 4 1 5 9 3
5 5 4 9 3 1
9 9 5 3 1 4
ml;ltizapypUe;J
1. milg;G tpjp: ml;ltizapd; vy;yh cWg;GfSk; y; cs;sd.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp : 11 d; kl;Lf;fhd ngUf;fy; Nrh;g;G tpjp cilaJ.
3. rkdp tpjp : 1 vd;gJ rkdp cWg;G MFk;.
4. vjph;kiw tpjp:
1 d; vjph;kiw 1 .
3 d; vjph;kiw
4 . 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 d;
vjph;kiw 3 .
5 d;
vjph;kiw 9 .
9 d;
vjph;kiw 5 .
vdNt
vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ.
5. ghpkhw;W tpjp:
11d; kl;Lf;fhd ngUf;fy; ghpkhw;W
tpjpf;Fl;gl;lJ.
9) , xU Fyj;ij mikf;Fk; vdf;fhl;Lf. 2010
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
80
2 2 4 6 1 3 5
3 3 6 2 5 1 4
4 4 1 5 2 6 3
5 5 3 1 6 4 2
6 6 5 4 3 2 1
ml;ltizapypUe;J
1. milg;G tpjp: ml;ltizapd; vy;yh cWg;GfSk; y; cs;sd.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp : 9 d; kl;Lf;fhd ngUf;fy; Nrh;g;G tpjp cilaJ.
3. rkdp tpjp : 1 vd;gJ rkdp cWg;G MFk;.
4. vjph;kiw tpjp:
1 d; vjph;kiw 1 .
2 d; vjph;kiw 4 .
3 d; vjph;kiw 5 .
4 d; vjph;kiw 2 .
5 d; vjph;kiw 3 .
6 d; vjph;kiw 6 . vdNt vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ.
vdNt G, xU FykhFk
10) g+[;akw;w fyg;ngz;fspd; fzkhd ,y; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l , ,

, vd;w rhh;Gfs; ahTk; mlq;fpa fzk;
, , , MdJ rhh;Gfspd; Nrh;g;gpd; fPo; xU vgpypad; Fyk; mikf;Fk;
vd epWTf. 2006
jPh;T : , , , rhh;Gfspd; Nrh;g;G.

ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz:
*
ml;ltizapypUe;J
1. milg;G tpjp: ml;ltizapd; vy;yh cWg;GfSk; G y; cWg;Gfshjyhy;>
milg;G tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp : rhh;Gfspd; Nrh;g;G> Nrh;g;G tpjp cilaJ.
3. rkdp tpjp : MdJ rkdp cWg;G MFk;.
4. vjph;kiw tpjp: d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
vdNt vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ. vdNt G, xU FykhFk;.
5. ghpkhw;W tpjp: ml;ltizapypUe;J ghpkhw;W tpjp cz;iknadj;njhpfpwJ.
xU G, vgpypad; FykhFk;.
81
11) , , , , , vfpw fzk;; mzpg;
ngUf;fypd; fPo; xU Fyj;ij mikf;Fk; vdf;fhl;Lf.
jPh;T :
1 0 0 0 , 0 1 0 0
, , , , vd;f.
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
, , , , , vd;f.
I A B C D E
I I A B C D E
A A B I E C D
B B I A D E C
C C D E I A B
D D E C B I A
E E C D A B I
ml;ltizapypUe;J
1. milg;G tpjp: ml;ltizapd; vy;yh cWg;GfSk; G y; cWg;Gfshjyhy;>
milg;G tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ.
2. Nrh;g;G tpjp : mzpg; ngUf;fy; Nrh;g;G tpjp cilaJ.
3. rkdp tpjp : MdJ rkdp cWg;G MFk;.
4. vjph;kiw tpjp: d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
d; vjph;kiw
vdNt vjph;kiw tpjp cz;ikahfpwJ. vdNt G mzpg; ngUf;fypd; fPo; xU FykhFk;.
| | vDkhW cs;s fyg;ngfs; ahTk; mlq;fpa fzk; MdJ fyg;ngfsp

ngUf;;fyp fPo; xU Fyj;ij mikf;Fk; vdf;fhl;Lf. .
vw fzkhdJ ngUf;;fyp fPo; xU vgpypad; Fyj;ij mikf;Fk;
vdf;fhl;Lf.
14 , xU Fyk; vdf;fhl;Lf. 2011
15) tof;fkhd ngUf;fyp fPo; 1- Mk; gb %yq;;fs; Kbthd Fyj;ij mikf;Fk;
vdf;fhl;Lf.
Kf;fpa Fwpg;G :: Gj;jfj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fspd; thpir vz;fSk;

fl;lfj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fspd; thpir vz;fSk;
ntt;Ntwhdit. fPo;fz;l ml;ltizapy; cs;s tpilfs; fl;lfj;jpy;
cs;s xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfshFk;.
.
82
1 1 31 3 61 3 91 2 1 4 31 2 61 1 91 4 121 4
2 1 32 3 62 4 92 3 2 3 32 1 62 4 92 2 122 2
3 4 33 4 63 2 93 1 3 4 33 1 63 3 93 1 123 4
4 1 34 2 64 3 94 1 4 1 34 1 64 1 94 1 124 3
5 3 35 4 65 3 95 4 5 2 35 2 65 2 95 2 125 4
6 1 36 3 66 3 96 3 6 1 36 4 66 2 96 3 126 2
7 1 37 2 67 3 97 4 7 2 37 3 67 4 97 2 127 3
8 3 38 2 68 4 98 4 8 1 38 2 68 3 98 2 128 1
9 3 39 3 69 4 99 4 9 1 39 2 69 2 99 2 129 1
10 2 40 3 70 1 100 3 10 3 40 3 70 1 100 3 130 4
11 3 41 1 71 3 101 2 11 3 41 3 71 2 101 3 131 2
12 1 42 2 72 1 102 4 12 4 42 4 72 2 102 2 132 2
13 3 43 1 73 3 103 4 13 3 43 2 73 1 103 4 133 3
14 4 44 4 74 1 104 2 14 2 44 1 74 1 104 2 134 3
15 3 45 2 75 4 105 1 15 1 45 4 75 4 105 1 135 3
16 1 46 2 76 2 106 3 16 4 46 2 76 2 106 2 136 3
17 3 47 3 77 1 107 3 17 2 47 1 77 2 107 1 137 1
18 3 48 2 78 2 108 3 18 4 48 3 78 4 108 2 138 2
19 4 49 4 79 3 109 2 19 1 49 3 79 4 109 1 139 1
20 3 50 2 80 1 110 3 20 4 50 2 80 3 110 4 140 2
21 3 51 1 81 3 111 2 21 4 51 1 81 2 111 2 141 3
22 3 52 3 82 3 112 2 22 2 52 2 82 1 112 3 142 2
23 4 53 1 83 3 113 3 23 2 53 3 83 4 113 2 143 4
24 4 54 2 84 4 114 2 24 1 54 3 84 1 114 3 144 1
25 2 55 4 85 2 115 4 25 3 55 1 85 2 115 3 145 4
26 4 56 1 86 4 116 2 26 2 56 1 86 2 116 3 146 2
27 1 57 3 87 1 117 4 27 2 57 4 87 3 117 3 147 1
28 3 58 4 88 3 118 4 28 1 58 1 88 2 118 4 148 4
29 4 59 4 89 4 119 4 29 1 59 4 89 4 119 4 149 2
30 1 60 1 90 2 120 2 30 2 60 3 90 3 120 1 150 3
121 1
83
khztHfspd; ftdj;jpw;F
1. khztHfs; fzpjj;jpy; 100 tpOf;fhL NjHr;rp ngWk; tifapy;
,g;gapw;rpf; fl;lfk; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;fl;lfj;jpy; 158 kjpg;ngz;fSf;fhd tpdh-
tpilfs; %d;W gFjpfshf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Kjy; gFjpapy; gphpT m-f;fhd 271 tpdh-tpilfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpypUe;J 30
tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 30 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;. ,uz;lhk; gFjpapy; gphpT M-f;fhd
tpdh-tpilfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpypUe;J muR NjHtpy; 8 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
48 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;. %d;whk; gFjpapy; gphpT ,-f;fhd tpdh-tpilfs;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpypUe;J muR NjHtpy; 8 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 80 kjpg;ngz;fs;
ngwyhk;.
2. xNu khjphpahd tpdhf;fspy; xU tpdhTf;F tpil nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ kw;wit
gapw;rp tpdhf;fshf jug;gl;Ls;sd. khztHfs; mtw;wpw;F tpil fhz Ntz;Lk;.
fzf;Ffis mbf;fb Nghl;L gof Ntz;Lk;.
3. NjHT neUq;Fk;NghJ mtrukhf fzf;Ffis kdg;ghlk; nra;tij tpLj;J Muk;gk;
KjNy Nghl;L ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.
4. NjHT vOJk;NghJ Fog;gkpy;yhky; vOJjy; mtrpak;.
5. NjHtpy; gFjp m> M kw;Wk; ,-f;fSf;fhd tpilfis khw;wp khw;wp vOJtij
jtpHf;fTk;.
6. mjpf gf;fq;fs; vOjpdhy; mjpf kjpg;ngz; fpilf;Fk; vd;W epidg;gJ jtW.
7. Njitahd ,lq;fspy; glq;fs; tiua Ntz;Lk;. glj;jpw;F kjpg;ngz;fs; cz;L.
8. Xt;nthU tpilf;Fk; jPHT fhz cjTk; R+j;jpuq;fis mtrpak; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
9. fl;lfj;jpy; cs;s tpilfs; RUf;fkhfTk; KO kjpg;ngz;fs; ngWk; tifapYk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk; ,tw;iw RUf;fp vOJjy; $lhJ.
10. Xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; tpilia jdpNa vLj;J vOjTk;.
nja;tj;jhy;; MfhnjdpDk; Kaw;rpj; jd;

nka; tUj;jf; $yp jUk;
ahidapd; gyk; Jk;gpf;ifapy; - kdpjdpd; gyk; ek;gpf;ifapy;
vdNt ek;gpf;ifNahL NjHT vOJq;fs;. 100 tpOf;fhL NjHr;rp ngw;W khtl;lj;jpw;Fk;>

khepyj;jpw;Fk; ngUik NrHj;jpl tho;j;Jf;fs;!
,tz;
fzpj fl;lf jahhpg;Gf; FO
84

12th Maths

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5 tif Ez;;fzpjk; gad;ghLfs; - I 4 12 20 36

6 tif Ez;;fzpjk; gad;ghLfs;- II 2 6 10 18

7 njif Ez;;fzpjk; : gad;ghLfs; 4 6 20 30

8 tif nfOr; rkd;ghLfs 4 6 20 30

9 jdp epiyf; fzf;fpay; 4 12 10 26

Total 40 96 160 296

1) A vd;w mzpapd; thpir 3 vdpy; det(KA) vd;gJ

(1) kn (adj I) (2) k (adj I) (3) k2 (adj (I) ) (4) kn -1 (adj I)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) 3 (2) 13 (3) 7 (4) 7

(1) i 2 (2) i - 2 (2) 2 + i (2) 2 i + i

80) x = cos + i sin vdpy; x n +

(1) 1+ 2 + 4 +.= + 3 + 5 + .. (2) n

84) 72 vd;w jpl;l nrt;tf mjpgutisaj;jpd; kPJs;s VNjDk; xU Gs;spapypUe;J

(1) 7 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 5

re;jpf;Fk; Gs;sp mikAk; NfhL

106) 1vd;w mjpgutisaj;jpd; njhiynjhLNfhLfSf;FfpilNaAs;s Nfhzk;

1 2 tan 2 2 tan 3 2 tan 4 2 tan

107) 9x 2 + 5y 2 =180 vd;w ePs;tl;lj;jpd; Ftpaq;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhiyT

(1) 4/9 (2) 2/3 (3) 9/4 (4) 81/16

121) 8 vd;w gutisaj;jpd; t 1 = t kw;Wk; t 2 = 3t vd;w Gs;spfspy; tiuag;gl;l

(1) ( ,1) (2) (1,4) (3) (4, ) (4) vy;yh Gs;spfsplj;Jk;

(1) (2) 0 (3) log (4)

(1) ( , ) (2) ( ,0) (3) (0, ) (4) ( 2, )

(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) -1

162) MjpapypUe;J XU Neh;Nfhl;by; x njhiytpy; efUk; Gs;spapy; jpirNtfk; x njhiytpy;

vdpy; x ,d; kjpg;Gfs;

(1) x = -3a, x = 0 (2) x = 0, x = 3a (3) x = 0, x = a (4) x = 0

(1) y mr;R (2) x mr;R (3) y = x (4) ,U mr;Rfs;

181) NfhLfs; y = x, y = 1 kw;Wk; x = 0 Mfpait Vw;gLj;Jk; gug;G y mr;ir nghWj;J

(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) log 2 (4) log 4

8. tif nfOr; rkd;ghLfs;.(3-tpdhf;f)

(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4)

226) ( Z 9 ,+ 9 ) ,y; [7] ,d; thpir

239) [3] +11 ([5] +11 [6]) ,d; kjpg;G

(1) 1 (2) 0.5 (3) 0 (4) 0.25

255) f ( x ) = 0 kw;nwq;fpYk; vd;gJ epfo;jfT mlHj;jpr; rhHG vdpy; K ,d; kjpg;G

(1) tiuaWf;f KbahJ (2) 1 (3) 0.5 (4) -.5

(gFjp M tpdh tpilf)

vd;w mzpapd; Nru;g;G mzpiaf; fhz;f vd;gijr;

kw;Wk; vdpy; vd;gijr; rupghu; 2006

- ,d; Nru;g;G mzp vd epWTf. March 2008, March 2011

mzpj;juk; fhz;f. 2008

gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : mzpj;juk; fhz;f

mzpKiwapy; Neupa Kiwapy; rkd;ghl;il jPu;f;fTk ; , .

mzpNfhit Kiwapy; jPu;f;f ; , . 2006, 2009

9) mzpf;Nfhit Kiwapy; gptUk; mrkgbj;jhd rkghl;L;j; njhFg;Gfisj; jPHf;f.

gptUk; rkghLfsp njhFg;G xUq;fikT cilajh vd;gij ju Kiwapy; Muha;f.

gapw;rpf; fzf;F : gptUk; rkghLfsp njhFg;G xUq;fikT cilajh vd;gij ju Kiwapy;

. , tHf;f %yk; fhf 2009, . 2006

3) , tHf;f %yk; fhf. 2007, 2009

MHfjsj;jpy;fyg;ngfs; , , kw;Wk; mikf;Fk;

gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : 1 1 2 I xU jPh;thff; nfhl x 4x 11x 14x 10 0 vDk; rk

jPh;T : 2 i 2 r cos i sin vd;f.

z1 , arg z kw;Wk; z2 , arg z

gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : , vd;w ,U fyg;ngfSf;F

vgJ kpif KO v vdpy; . vd epWTf.

gapw;rpf; fzf;Ffs; : n vgJ kpif KO v vdpy; 3 3 2 .

1 1 2 /4. Oct 2007, March 2008, 2010

cos sin vd epWTf. 2011

cos 3 i sin 3 cos 4 i sin 4

gapw;rpf; fzf;Ff : RUf;Ff . 2006, . 2011

vdpy; gp tUgdtw;iw epWTf :