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Classification of minerals:
1. Metalic - a) Ferrrous.(magnetite.hematite,limonite, siderite,)
B) Non-Ferrous.(manganez,copper,gold)
c) Ferrowalloy.(Nickel,tungstone,)
Distribution of Minerals:-
Mineral oil (Reserve) -
North east india
Assam - Naharkatia, Moran, Hugrijan, Nunamati ,
Arunachal Pradesh - Charoli,
West india
Gujrat - Ankoleshwar, Ahmedabad (kalol field oil refinary), /Lunez
Maharastra - Mumbai-high
South East India
Tamil Nadu - Kaveri basin
Andhra Pradesh - Krishna and Godavori basin
M anganez
Production-1)Orissa-Kaeonjarh. Kalahandi.
2)Maharastra-Ratnagiri, Nagpru
3)Madhyapradesh- Balaghat, Chindwara,
Reserve- 1)Karnatak
2)Orissa
3)Madhyapradesh
Nickel
Production/Reserve- 1)Orissa 2)jharkhand 3)Rajasjhan
Zinc
Production/Reserve -1) Rajasthan
2) Jammu and Kashmir
Asbestos
Production- 1) Rajasthan
2) Andhra Pradesh
3) karnatak
Chromate
Production/Reserve- 1) Orissa
2) karnatak
Sulphur
Product ion - 1) Bihar (shahbad) and some part of the karenatak and rajasthan.
Gold
Production- 1) karnatak(kalar, hutti)
2) Andhra Pradesh(Rowgiri gold field in anaila pur dist)
3) Tamilnadu(wynad)
Diamond
Production- 1) Malabar Coast in kerala (It is the largest monazite reserve area in the world)
Railways of India
Zone Headquarters
Northern Railway New Delhi
Southern Railway Chennai
Easter Railway Kolkata
Western Railway (oldest zone) Mumbai- (churchgati)
Central Railway Mumbai
North-East Frontier Railway- Malligaon(Assam)
North-western Railway- Jaipru
North-Central Railway Allahabad
South-Eastern Railway- Kolkata
South EAST Central Railway Bilaspur
South Western Railway Hoobly(Karnatak)
East-central railway Hajiprui
West-Coastal Railway Jabbalpur
East-coastal railway Bubeneshwar
South central railoway Secendrabad
Konkan Railway (youngest Railway Zone) Mumjbai
Largest Railway Zone - Northern railway
Smallest railway Zone-north east frontier Railway
KELW- diesel locomotive works - varanasi.
CLW - Chttaranjan Locomotive works - Chittranjan
IC - Integral Coach Factory - Tamilnadu
RC-Railway Coach Factory - Pujnjab
Highest non - elecrtified station - Ghum(Darjeeling).
Busiest junction in WB-ADRA
Airways of India
Name of some Donestic Airports in India (85)
Disha Airport - Udaypru, Rajasthan
Amausi Airport - Lucknow, UP
Vir Savarkar Airport - Port Blair, Andaman
Kalushod Airport - Jungarh
Begampekh airport - Allahabad
ST,Thomas airport - Chennai
Kushak Bakula (Highest Airport) - Ladakh.
Jolly grant Airport- Dehradun
NH-waterway
1. NW-1- Allahabad and haldia.
2. NW-2 - sardia and Dhbri.
3. NW-3- kolam and kottayam(kerala)
Shipping
Major port -12
Minor port-185
Largest port - Mumbai
Busiest port - Mumbai
High-tech port- Navsheba, Mahrastra
Deepest port -Vishakhapattanam,
Tidal port- kandala
Artificial Harbour - Mumbai
Natural Harbour - Vishakapattanam
Agriculture
Distribution of crops in India:
Cropping season
Khariff crop
Sowing - May- July
Major crop - rice, sugarcane, Maize, Jwar, Bazra, Tobacco,
Rabi crop:
Sowing October-December
Major crop- Wheat, Gram, Mastard, musoor,reas,potato
Zaid crop - Rice, Jawar, Bazra, Cotton, Oil Seed
Sowing -February-March
Major crop - watermelon, cucumber, vegetable,
Khariff crop covers 39.4% of total cultivation area and produced 43.97% of total production.
Rabi crops covers 54.2% of total cultivated land and produced 48.79% of total production.
Zaid crops covers 6.4% of total cultivated area and produced 7.24% of total production.
Physical Features of Crop:-
Crop Temperature Rainfall soil
Wheat 100-150(growing 50-100cm charnosom,alluvial,
state)- Black soil.
25 -280 frost
0
CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS
Food crops Rice, Wheat, Jawar, Bazra Cash crop-Jute, cotton, oilseed, Tea
Feed crops - Maize Fiber Crop - Jute, Cotton
Horticulture - Fruit and Vegetables,
INDUSTRY
st
Paper Industry:-1 paper Industry was set up in 1832 at Sirampur.
1st successful attempt to begin in 1870 at Ballyganj- Royal Bengal paper Mills.
UP has the maximum number paper mill - 60
Maximum paper produces from - Maharastra
SUGAR INDUSTRY:
2ND Largest agro based industry in India. The Beginning of sugar Industry was on 1903.
Maharastra is the largest producer of sugar 34.43%. UP has the maximum number of sugar
mills (110).
.
West Bengal
West Bengal is located North east part of India it lies between Himalaya and Bay of Bengal.
Latitudinal extension of WB 21038N - 27010 N
Longitudinal extension of WB 85050E - 89050E
Total area of West Bengal 88752sq. km
Rank of West Bengal according to size in India is 13th.
It covers 2.6% area in India (Darjeeling - Bay of Bengal)
North - South extension of West Bengal 623 km
East west extension of west Bengal 320 km
One district of west Bengal (Darjeeling) shares with Nepal.
Two districts of west Bengal share Bhutan (Darjeeling and Jalpaigudi).
Ten districts of west Bengal share with Bangladesh Darjeeling, Jalpaigudi, Coach bihar,
Uttar Dinajpur, South Dinajpur, Malda, Murshidabad, Nadia, (N)24pgs and 24pgs.
Five States shares with west Bengal - Sikkim on The north, Assam on the north-east, Bihar,
Jharkhand and Orissa on the west
Three districts of Sikkim North, west, south share with west Bengal (Darjeeling)
Two districts of Assam share coakrajhar, Bongaigaon with west Bengal -
(Darjeeling,Coochbehar).
Eight districts of Jharkhand (sahebganj, Dumka,Jamtara, Dhanbad, pakur, ranchi,East and
west singhbhum) share with West Bengal (Murshidabad, Birbhum,Bardwan, Purulia, West
midnapore)
Four districts of Bihar share (katihar, Bhagalur , Purnia, Darbhauga) with west Bengal (uttar
Dinajpur Malda)
Two districts of Orissa(Baleswar and Mayurbhanj) share with West Bengal (West and East
midnapur)
West Bengal is known as Gateway North east India.
2) PLATEAU REGION-
Location - rart of Murshidabad, Birbhum, Burdwan, puruilia, Bankura , West Midnapur.
IMPORTANT HILLS Ayodhya, Baghmundi, susunia, Mamabhagne, Masuk, Karo,
Jalchaudi, raghunthpur, pancheyth, Biharinath, (Gurma)
3) PLAIN REGION-
Location - Siliguri to Bay of Bengal (excluding plateau region)
CLASSIFICATION OF PLAIN:
1) North plain region: siliguriu to Northern part of Ganga a)Tarai b) Duars c)Burendras
d)Diara
2) South plain region:
a) Rarh plain b) sandy coastal region c) Ganga delta d) sundarban
TARAI - western part of the Tista River is known as Tarai
DUARS - Eastern part of the Tista River is known as Duars
BURENDRAS - old alluvial soil of north south Dinajpur and Malda
DIARA - new alluvial soil of Malda district
South plain region - southern part of Bengal to Bay of Bengal
Rarh - plain region of Burdwan, Birghum, Bankura, purulia,west midnapur (The word rarh
cones from santhal word means stony land)
Sandy coastal - Digha and Contai region (East midnapur)
Ganga delta - Moribund delta murshidabad, nadia and part of (n) 24pgs,
Mature delta-Howrah, hoogly, kolkata, And northern part of (s)24pgs
Active delta - south west part of (s)24 pgs and southern part of (N)24pgs
Sundarban - no of total island -102. Biggest island - Sagrdeep
New island - new Moore /Purbasha
55 islands have human hesitance and 48 islands under reserve forest.