1

Overview

1. Introduction and Outline - Jen 2mins

2. Teacher Roles - Jen & Ammar 7mins

3. Skills and attributes online Ts need to have/develop (again

incorporating tutor responses) - Seàn - 3 mins

4.Teacher Presence: discussing and expanding upon tutor's

responses to this feature - Seàn - 4 mins

5. Social Presence - Ben 4 mins

6. Assessment: Individual, peer and tutor - 5 mins

2

8. Summary 2 mins
 Designer Process facilitator Content facilitator

Adviser/counsellor Assessor Researcher

Manager/administrator Technologist
3

://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
• Eight Roles of an online
teacher

1. The Designer

Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001).
http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/

Yang, Yi & Cornelious, Linda F. (Spring, 2005).

http://www.westga.edu/%7Edistance/ojdla/spring81/yang81.htm
• Eight Roles of an online
teacher
2. Process Facilitator

• Welc oming
• C reating c ommunity
• E s tablis hing G round R ules
• Modeling s oc ial behavior
• Managing c ommunic ation
Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001).
http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
• Eight Roles of an online teach

3. Content Facilitator

Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001).
http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
• Eight Roles of an online
teacher

4. Adviser/Counselor

Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001).
http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
• Eight Roles of an online
teacher

5. Assessor

Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001).
http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
• Eight Roles of an online
teacher

6. Researcher

Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001).
http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
• Eight Roles of an online
teacher

7. Manager/Administrator

Monitor progress
Give feedback and advice.
Have time management skills
Record keeping skills
Ability to deal with enrollment issues
Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001).
http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
• Eight Roles of an online
teacher

8. The technologist

Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001). Competencies
for online teaching: A Special Report. Educational Technology Research & Development,
49 (1), 65-72. http://www.springerlink.com/content/q101330606t10301/
Collis and
Moonen (2002)12
intro

13
intro

14
Instructor’s Technology Skills ( Choice and Use of
Technology)

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
from

to…

24
(Sfard 1998)

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Collis and Moonen
(2002)

33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
 Creating An Effective Teaching Presence
Three roles performed by the teacher:

1. The design and organisation of the learning experience

2. Devising and implementing activities to encourage discourse between -

• Student and Student

• Teacher and Student
• Individual Students and Groups of Students and Content Resources

3. Direct instruction – teacher adds subject matter expertise through a variety of

forms of direct instruction and in doing so goes beyond role of moderating learning
experience
(Anderson, 2004)
 Creating An Effective Teaching Presence
Three roles performed by the teacher:

1. The design and organisation of the learning experience

(Anderson, 2004)
 Creating An Effective Teaching Presence

Three roles performed by the teacher:

2. Devising and implementing activities to encourage discourse between -

• Student and Student

• Teacher and Student
• Individual Students and Groups of Students and Content Resources
(Anderson, 2004)
 Creating An Effective Teaching Presence

Three roles performed by the teacher:

3. Direct instruction – teacher adds subject matter expertise through a

variety of forms of direct instruction and in doing so goes beyond role of
moderating learning experience
(Anderson, 2004)
 How Teachers Show 'Presence' In Online Teaching

What online tutors say

• "Timely responses"

• "Personal disclosure where relevant"

• "Response to individual as well as group"

• "Trying to contribute as much as possible"

• "Commenting as widely as possible across the postings"

• "Showing you have looked at ideas presented"

Social Presence
Why?
Aragon (2003)
Course Design
Instructors
Haythornthwaite, C. et al. (2000)
Swan, K. and Shih, L. (2005)
Assessing Online Learning
 What to assess
• Socrates’
dilemma
 What to assess

o Assessing learning as process:

how learners interact with
content, tools and as a
"community”

o Assessing learning as product:

encouraging knowledge
construction and authenticity
 How to assess
• Provide/discuss
a framework
that guides both
the learning
and assessment
process or product:
justifying the what,
the why +
the how
of assessment
 How to assess
• Assessment based on a framework which is
familiar to learners and which they can use
Assessing Online Learning:Who Does the
Assessment
 the learner him- / herself (through self-
reflection);
 peers (commenting on others' input)
 eModerator (both formative and summative
assessment)

62
References

Aragon, S. (2003) Creating Social Presence in Online Environments. New Directions

for Adult and Continuing Education. 100 pp57-68

Collis and Moonen (2002). Flexible Learning in a Digital World. Routlege

Hampel, R & Stickler, U (2005) New Skills for New Classrooms: Training tutors to
teach languages online. Computer Assisted Language Learning 18 (4), pp. 311 – 326

Haythornthwaite, C., Kazmer, M. M., Robins, J., & Shoemaker, S. (2000). Community
development among distance learners: Temporal and technological dimensions.
JCMC, 6(1).

Swan, K. and Shih, L. (2005) On the Nature and Development of Social Presence in
Online Course Discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 9(3), 115-
136

Tu, C. (2002) The measurement of social presence in an online learning

environment. International Journal of E-Learning, 1 (2), 34-45.
63