PHY10 - Point in the direction of the x, y Newtons Laws of Motion Kinematics

Vectors and z axes. First Condition of Equilibrium

Direction Convention - R = rx i + ry j + rz k - Static Equilibrium refers to all
Vector addition using components objects or systems at rest
- Consider C = A + B. - Dynamic Equilibrium - refers to all
- C = (Ax i + Ay j ) + (Bx i + By j ) = (Ax + objects / systems moving at
Bx )i + (Ay + By ) constant velocity
- C = (Cx i + Cy j ) - F = 0 ; FX=0 ; FY = 0
- Cx = Ax + Bx - Note: graphically all forces forms a
- C y = Ay + B y closed polygon Position-Time Graph
Newtons first law
Products of Vectors
Scalar Product(dot product)
Vector Addition Newtons second law
Graphical Method
1. Draw (to scale) the vectors head-
to-tail.
2. The resultant is drawn from the Newtons third law
beginning of the first vector to the Unit of Force
end of the last vector. Mks cgs Fps
3. The magnitude and direction of Mass,m kg g slug
the resultant are measured using a Grav. K, g 9.8m/s2 980cm/s2 32.2ft/s2
ruler and a protractor. - It is the sum of the product of the
Force, F Newton,N Dyne,d Pound,lb
Component Method respective components
Accel., a m/s2 Cm/s2 Ft/s2
1. Resolve each vector in their x and Vector Product
Kinds of Forces
y components.
2. Get the summation of all x Weight
components x and the
summation of all y components
y.
Tension
3. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to
find the resultant of the vectors.
4. Use trigonometric functions (sine,
cosine, or tangent) to find the Compression
angle of the direction of the
resultant.
Unit Vector
- A Unit Vector is a vector having Normal
length 1 and no units Velocity-Time Graph
- It is used to specify a direction.
- Unit vector u points in the By Determinants:
direction of U Friction
o Often denoted with a
hat: u =
Types of friction
1. Static Friction, fs exists when the
body is at rest but has the
tendency to slide.
2. Kinetic Friction, fk opposing
force when the body is in motion.
-
 fps lb ft Ft-lb
Power
Centrifugal Force Ballistic Pendulum

Period(sec)
Energy Dynamics of Rotation
Work-Energy Theorem Linear Rotational
Velocity-Angular Velocity Motion Motion
Mass
Potential Energy Newtons
Hookes Law second law
Banked Curves
Momentum
Work-Energy Theorem Work
Kinetic
Quantity/Unit mks Cgs
energy
m-mass kg g
Power
r-radius m Cm Gravitational Potential Energy Moment of Inertia
v-linear/tangential speed m/s Cm/s For a particle: r=distance bet. pt. and axis
-angular velocity Rad/s Rad/s Conservation of Energy
Kinematics (cont.) -centripetal force N dyne For Several Particles:
Newtons Laws of Gravitation
Moment
For rigid body of continuous distribution

Second Condition of Equilibrium

Momentum
For Freefall Satellites Speed

Impulse
Projectile Motion Satellites Period

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

PHY11 Conservation of Momentum

Work, Energy, Power Elastic Collision
- Energy and momentum conserved
Dynamics of Rotation - Temporary deformation
Circular Motion
Sign Convention Coefficient of Restitution
Arc-length, S Meter/cm/ft
- If the applied force is in the same - Ratio of the relative velocity of
Angular pos, Rev/rad/deg
direction as the displacement, work separation to the relative velocity of
done is(+). approach
Arc length
- If the applied force is in opposite
direction as that of the displacement, Parallel Axis Theorem
work done is (-).
Centripetal Acceleration Systems of Units Perfectly Inelastic Collision
System Force Displacement Work - Only Momentum conserved
Mks N M Nm - Permanent Deformation
Angular Momentum
Centripetal Force or J
Cgs Dyne Cm Erg Inelastic Collision
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Work Hydrostatic Pressure
Energy
Power

Simple Pendulum
Kinetic Energy

Torque and Angular Acc.

- The force exerted by the fluid is always
Conservation of Energy perpendicular to the surface it is in
(rotational&translational) contact with. Physical Pendulum
- Pressure is everywhere.
- Pressure is dependent on depth of
liquid. (also gauge pressure)
- Pressure is the same at all points of the
Elasticity d = distance from the point of suspension to
same level.
the center of gravity
- Liquid seeks its own level.
Kinds of pressure
1. Gauge pressure
Hookes Law 2. Atmospheric pressure PHY12
Interpolation

Youngs Modulus
Thermal Expansion/Contraction
Bulk Modulus 3. Absolute Hydrostatic Pressure

If due to atm. Pressure

For Liquids
Shear Modulus
U-tube manometer
Sensible Heat (cal or J)
Hydrostatics Pascals Principle
- Fluids at rest Latent Heat (cal or J)
Density of Substance
Law of Heat Exchange
Mass Density
Archimedes Principle
Heat Conduction
Simple Harmonic Motion
Weight Density Hydrodynamics Period and Frequency
Radiation
Continuity Principle (rate of flow is constant)

Bernoullis Principle
General Wave Equation
Specific Gravity(unitless)
Toricellis Theorem Transverse Wave (m/s)

For water Center of Gravity

Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

Vibrating Strings (Hz)

At a center of a complete circular loop

-x direction Parallel
String
n=1 1stharmonic/ fundamental At a point along the horizontal axis
nd st
n=2 2 harmonic/1 overtone
Longitudinal Wave (m/s) Wave equation checking
Power (Watts)
At the center of flat circular coil
Charge (Coulomb)
Kirchoffs Current Law(Assume)
Near a straight conductor

Coulombs Law (Newtons) Kirchoffs Voltage Law/Loop(CC)

At the interior of solenoid

Electric Field (N/C)

Along the mean radial line of Toroid

PHY13
Coulombs Law of magnetism(NEWTONS)
Electric Potential Energy (J)

Sound
Magnetic Force on moving charge
Resonance
Magnetic Induction/Magnetic Flux(TESLA) Left Hand motor Rule
Air Columns
Closed Type
Work (J)
Open Type Magnetic Induction due to the field of
current carrying conductor

Doppler Effect Potential (V) Motion of charged body (circular)

Magnetic Force on current conductor

Mathematical Description of a wave
+x direction Right Hand Thumb rule Force between two parallel lines

Electricity (Ampere)

Torque on a current loop/coil

Ohms Law ( )

Light
Resistance Amperes Law or BIOT-SAVARTs Law
for air/vacuum

Series At a point P
Mirrors Case 3: - Nature: Case 4:
st
1 law of reflection o Real image formed on the other
side of lens
Spherical Mirrors o Virtual image formed in front of
- Nature: lens.
o Real image formed in front of - Orientation:
mirror. o Erect
o Virtual image formed behind the o Diminished
Case 4: Case 5:
mirror. - Size:
- Orientation: o Hi>ho, magnified
o Erect o Hi<ho, diminished
o Inverted (real image is always o Hi=ho, same size
inverted, virtual image always Lens Equation
erect)
- Size:
o Hi>ho, magnified Magnification
Case 5:
o Hi<ho, diminished Diverging Lens/Concave Lens
o Hi=ho, same size - Image is always virtual, erect and
Mirror Equation Sign convention diminished.

Magnification

Sign convention Convex/Diverging

- Image is always virtual, erect and
diminished.

Converging Lens/Convex Lens Diffraction

Case 1:

Constants on Calculator(casio fx991 above)

Mass of proton, mass of electron, mass of
neutron, charge of electron(e), Stefan-
Concave/Converging boltzmann constant( radiation), accel. Due
Refraction
Case 1: to gravity(g), gravitational constant(G),
Snells Law
Case 2: permittivity of free space( ,k in C.Law),
Absolute Index of Refraction(n) permeability of free space( ,in magnetism)

Case 1
- More dense to less dense, i<r
Case 2 Case 3:
Case 2:
- Less dense to more dense, i>r
Critical angle ( )

Shallowing Effect of Refraction

Thin Lens