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Experiment #6 / Unit 2

Using the Chemical Counting Unit

Introduction:
Due to the extremely small size of atoms and molecules, chemists must
have extremely large numbers of them in order to see and handle them. Counting
units are made up in order to simplify any task that requires working with large
numbers of objects. A "dozen" eggs and a "ream" of paper are examples. The
"chemist's dozen" is the mole. A mole of atoms refers to 6 x 10 23 atoms. Working
with moles allows us to avoid dealing with large numbers all the time. For
example, if we had 1.2 x 10 24 atoms of Cu, this would simplify to exactly 2 moles.
However, we do not have a mole balance to measure this number directly. We
must determine the number of moles of a substance indirectly. Usually this
involves massing the substance and converting to moles using the relative
masses from the periodic table.

Procedure:
***The questions posed here will be answered when you carry out the
calculations on page 2. Make the measurements specified for the substances in
A G; then proceed to Questions and Calculations.
A. How many silver atoms are in a silver spoon?
1. Obtain a silver spoon and mass it on the balance.
B. How many carbon atoms are in a piece of pencil "lead"?
1. Obtain a piece of pencil "lead" and mass it on the balance.
C. How many zinc atoms are in a square of zinc?
1. Obtain a square of zinc and mass it on the balance.
D. How many atoms of gold are in a ring/necklace/earring?
1. Obtain a gold ring, necklace, or earring (assume for this exercise that the
object is pure gold = 24 karat) and mass it on the balance.
E. How many aluminum atoms are in a piece of aluminum foil?
1. Obtain a piece of aluminum foil and mass it on the balance.
F. How many copper atoms are in a penny?
1. Obtain an old penny (pre-1983) and mass it on the balance.
G. How many nickel atoms are in a lump of nickel?
1. Obtain a lump of nickel and mass it on the balance.

Data:
mass of silver spoon (A)
mass of pencil "lead" (B)
mass of zinc square (C)
mass of gold ring/necklace/earring (D)
mass of aluminum foil (E)
mass of penny (F)
mass of nickel (G)

Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez 1


Calculations and Questions:
Round all molar masses to the tenths place. Use 6.02 x 1023 for
Avogadros number. Round your answers to the correct number of sig
figs (do not determine sf from your molar masses nor Avogadros
numberconversion factors are treated as exact numbers). Use
dimensional analysis when performing your calculations! Identify units
and substances in each step. Cancel units where appropriate.

1. Calculate how many moles of silver atoms are in the silver spoon.
2. How many silver atoms are in the silver spoon?
3. If each silver atom had a mass of 1 gram, what would be the total mass of the
spoon?
Which would have more mass, the spoon or the planet Earth (mass of planet
Earth = 5.972 x 1024 kg)?
How many times bigger is the heavier object?
4. Calculate how many moles of C atoms are in the piece of pencil lead.
5. How many C atoms are in the piece of pencil lead? Write this number out in
decimal form.
6. Calculate how many moles of zinc atoms are in the zinc square.
7. How many zinc atoms are in the zinc square?
8. How many zinc atoms would equal your body weight?
9. How many gold atoms were used to make up the gold object?
10. How many Al atoms are there in the piece of foil?
11. How many copper atoms are in the penny?
12. What is the cost per gram of copper on the world market? Silver? Gold?
13. How much would a mole of gold cost on the world market?
14. How many atoms of nickel are in the lump?
15. If I have exactly 1 mole of lead and 1 mole of iron, I have the same number of
lead and iron atoms. If I have exactly 10 g of lead and 10 g of iron, I have
more atoms of one than the other. Explain.

Lab Report #2.6:


title page
procedure sheet
data table
calculations and questions

Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez 2

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