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Introduction:
The world would be rather boring if it wasn't for chemical bonding. Without
bonding, the world would lack all of its variety and complexity because we wouldn't have
compounds. The world would be limited to the approximately 100 elementary
substances we see in the periodic table. However, there are millions of different
compounds and new ones are discovered on a regular basis. Obviously, atoms would
rather be combined with one another than exist by themselves. Atoms find peace, love,
and happiness (not to mention stability) when they combine by forming chemical bonds.
In this unit, we will study how and why atoms go about combining and what they look like
after they form compounds. Chemical bonds are forces of attraction that hold atoms
together in groups called compounds. When atoms come in contact with each other,
it will be the outermost electrons which interact. In the previous unit, we defined these as
valence electrons. Valence electrons have more energy and are less stable than the
inner electrons and will participate in chemical reactions. We will learn how valence
electrons interact to form chemical bonds.
Hydrogen gas (H2) is a diatomic molecule with a bond between two identical atoms.
Which hydrogen atom will want to give up an electron and which one will want to receive
an electron? Neither! They will share.
Since the formation of a covalent bond involves sharing electrons, it occurs when the two
atoms involved have similar attractions for electrons.
covalent bonds occur between nonmetals.
all molecules are held together by covalent bonds and understanding covalent bonding will
enable us to study molecular structure.
again, if atoms combine, what must be true?
Octet Rule - in forming covalent bonds, atoms tend to acquire noble gas configurations.