Radar Communications

4/6/2014

Overview
Detectation and Propagation
Ambiguity Diagram
Information from Radar

Pulse Compression
Introduction to clutter
Surface clutter RADAR equation

Nikesh Bajaj
nikesh.14730@lpu.co.in
Asst. Prof., ECE Dept.
Lovely Professional University 2 By Nikesh Bajaj

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Ambiguity Diagram
Ba Ambiguity Function
An ambiguity diagram is a three-dimensional plot that Matched Filter
shows the results of convolving a range of frequency-
shifted signals with a fixed reference signal.
Cross/Autocorrelation *Large SNR
Information:-
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Output of Matched Filter sr (t ) s* (t TR' )dt

sr received echo
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s*- transmitted complex conjugate

TR Estimate of time delay
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Ambiguity Function Ambiguity Diagram

s(t) u(t)e j2f o
sr(t) u(t - To )e j2 ( f 0 f d )(t T0 )
Output of Matched filter
Output = ?
Consider T0 =0 and f0 = 0 at origin TR = TR

(TR , f d ) u (t )u * (t TR )e j 2f t dtd

Ambiguity Function Square Magnitude

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Properties of Ambiguity Diagram Ambiguity Diagram

2
Maximum Value : (TR , f d ) max (0,0)
2 Ideal Ambiguity Diagram
Single Peak, Impulse function
Maximum Value = (2E)2 No ambiguity in range or in Vel.
Symmetric Relation |X(-i,-j)|2 = |X(i,j)|2 High order of accuracy
Resolution of two close

Behavior on TR axis: Reject clutters
| (TR ,0) | | u (t )u (t TR )dt |
2 * 2

Behavior on fd axis: Not possible
| (0, f d ) |2 | u 2 (t )e j 2f d t dt |2

Trade-off: resolution, accuracy, ambiguity
Volume under surface
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| (T R , f d ) |2 dTR dfd ?
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Ambiguity Diagram
Ba How to read
Approximation

Not even approx

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Single Pulse of Sinewave Single Pulse of Sinewave

And Ridge/Knife edge ambiguity diagram

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Single Pulse of Sinewave Single Linear Frequency Modulated Pulse

Pulse width T large than B

FM increases spectral bandwidth

T and B can be chosen

independently

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Periodic Pulse Train
Ba Ambiguity Diagram
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Waveform Design Short-Pulse High range resolution Radar

1. Target Detection Range Resolution

Range Accuracy
2. Measurement Accuracy Clutter reduction
3. Resolution Interclutter visibility
4. Ambiguity Glint Reduction
Multipath Resolution
5. Clutter rejection Multipath height finding
Target Classification
Doppler Tolerance
ECCM
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Pulse Compression Pulse Compression

Short-Pulse High range resolution Radar*(Capabilities) Seriuos Limitation:
Achieving long range with short pulse is need of high peak
High range resolution short pulse
power
Limitations
Short pulse High BW
Example
High BW High complexity, cost, interference Pulse Compression:
Limited number of resolution cell of display: Collapsing Loss Use of long pulse of width T to obtain the resolution
Wide band less dynamic range in rx, noise power is proportional to of short pulse by modulating the long pulse to
BW.
achieve bandwidth B >>1/T
Short Pulse less accurate radial velocity measure
Allows simuntanously achieve energy of long pulse
and resolution of short pulse

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Pulse Compression
Ba LFM Pulse Compression
Pulse compression ratio
T/t
BT
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10<BT<105 typical 100, 300
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LFM Pulse Compression

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Link
Ambiguity Diagram
https://www.clear.rice.edu/elec301/Projects
01/ambiguity/graphs.html

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