Enterprising Communities SWK1048

STUDENT NAME: Kornelia

STUDENT NUMBER: xxxxxxx
Click on the image and type in the appropriate boxes (fill in the pink boxes on this diagram and the yellow boxes on the next page)

Wider social issues Evidence

Stigma attached to mental health difficulties Qualitative research results
English as second language Literature review
Personal Experience
Lack of networking and ease of access

Key Partners Key Activities Social Problem

Key Resources Beneficiary Relationships Incomes

Impacts Outcomes
Raising awareness of post natal depression.
Venture/Solution Less stigma attached to post natal depression and more open
Beneficiaries
nd
Promoting more effective network and link working between communication.Families; especially English as 2 language. NHS through cost reduction.
organisations. Effective and improved services that offer support and signposting 1 to
Collation of all local services that provide support other relevant agencies & identify need more consistently.
Website with all local services with a forum for feedback and sharing
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Key Partners Key Activities Social Problem Communication Costs

Volunteers Event Lack of Channels Costs
Related organisations: Participation organisational Website listing all Our
Nurturing Natal
Collating networking organisations that time/volunteers
Support, Home Start,
information of Lack of offer support for Networking/socia
Mind, Sure Start, Start
4 Life, Maternity Ward, services already consistency in PND l capital
Police, Home visitors, existing identifying Translated to Polish Advertising
Community midwives women with PND an Printing leaflets
Local authority Lack of education And other languages Phone Calls
Stigma attached if possible

Key Resources Root Causes Beneficiary Incomes

Relationships Donations and
Volunteers Attachment in
Leaflet circulation sponsorship
childhood-cycle
Paper Advertising;toddle NHS or statutory
Poverty & Class
Human Resource about, community beneficiary
Lack of
Web Access breastfeeding centres, sure starts, Event
support hospital. Web participation,
Lack of embedded access endorsements
service
Lack of awareness
and education
around
Mental health
Venture/Solution Beneficiaries
Website to link organisations together & make services more accessible
Forum for discussion which can be accessed by professionals and families needing support Children and families, NHS, primary care,wider
with a view to improving services community

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Modified from Osterwalder et al (2010) by Curtis, T & Dzialoszynski, S
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PNDNetworks

WIDER SOCIAL ISSUES

The issues we considered related to post natal depression were regarding the wider impact that the symptoms have on young people, parents and
communities in the longer term. Research has indicated that depression is a symptom with underlying root causes. The social venture canvas will be
exploring this and looking at potential solutions.

This social problem can also have an impact on education, domestic violence, poverty, foreign communities, breast feeding, other mental health issues,
child abuse and neglect, disability matters, stress issues, language difficulties, isolation, and stigma around mental health.

Post natal depression is an issue that (like other mental health issues) has a stigma attached to it and with open discussion and awareness raising the stigma
is reduced. If this is not identified and treated it has a detrimental effect on the family involved, (ref) and also the wider community in the long term.
Examples of this can be the creation of attachment disorders in young people, self- harm, or even suicide in its most extreme. The effects on the young
person are potentially them not functioning positively in the community as they grow and a cycle is born of poverty and poor mental health- often self-
medicating with drugs or alcohol.

It is a growing and common issue, at especially high risk are young mums, low income families, previous mental health problems, previous child protection
issues or children and family services involvement, and foreign communities due to language barriers. However families from any class or background have
potential to suffer. The impact of being left untreated or not identified as needing support on the wider community are also explored later on in this essay.

Having had direct experience of motherhood as a single parent has given first-hand knowledge of childbirth and some of the organisations available for
mums. Close family members and friends have also suffered with depression and struggled to access support.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

We felt that Post natal depression (PND) was a taboo subject and not widely and openly discussed. Our initial thoughts on this were that negative
associations with PND would perpetuated by the worry around talking about the subject and awareness of the illness will remain low- feeding the cycle of
negative stigma.

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We felt a direct experience of various agencies that provide services in recognition of PND would be helpful. However on exploration, a lot of services
existed but none specifically for support with PND; they offer more generalised support for new families in various contexts, detailed further on. It became
apparent that there were many reasons for this. One reason determined is stigma attached to the illness and an organisation specifically targeting this issue
may easily not end up being able to support the right people. Secondly, there are many other issues that are intertwined with PND and the organisations
found address all or most of these as whole- a more holistic approach and thereby attracting a broader and more diverse range of families.

We chose to do some qualitative research in order to gain first-hand information from mums who may or may not have suffered with PND and engaged
with services.

We researched using our own prior knowledge and internet based searches to discover local services available and how they worked and network to target
service users.

We devised a survey that was online and anonymous to gather peoples stories and experiences of pregnancy, birth, parenthood, and services they used or
lack of. This strategy is known as a positivist perspective and it gives an objective result (Punch et.al. 2013).

Below are some of the ways in which we gathered information in order to gain some qualitative data;

Interviews with;

Manager of Mind (Matt) who explained services and support they offer in relation to depression.
Womens Aid (Janet)
Midwives at NGH
Managing director of Home Start Northampton.
CEO of Nurturing Natal Support (Vicky)
Staff from Abington Library Plus Childrens Centre (Northampton County Council)

Telephone conversations;

Barrett maternity ward in NGHl

Sure Start-Kingsthorpe (Northampton County Council)
Community Midwifes

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Health visitor
Home start
Camrose Centre staff
Mindfulness in the Community
Sunflower Centre

Literature and online research: to find out what services are available online and what is known already. (See bibliography)

Personal experience of being single parents gives us insight and understanding of the issue, creating empathy, and awareness of needs.

Below are results from surveys

conducted online and on
paper- all anonymous
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Do you have children, if so how many?

Are you father or mother?

Where did you/your partner have your child?

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Did you or your partner ever suffer with a mental health issue before you had your child/ren?

Did you or your partner, or do you, suffer from post natal depression?

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Do you feel there is enough support available for new mums?

The data above verifies that post natal depression is not only a common problem, it is also one that people do not feel there is enough support for.

Some comments from the question on the survey below authenticate this further;

If yes-What support do you feel was the best and why? If no-What support would you like to see and why?

Improved access to counselling/promotion of awareness of antenatal & postnatal MH issues

More health visitor support in late pregnancy & after birth

More support to be made easily accessible

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Below are two interviews conducted and a brief overview of information gathered during a Nurturing Natal Support social event.

Interview- M (Ms name is protected in order to keep her identity confidential); M experienced mental health issues before becoming pregnant with her
son and was on medication to help manage this. M was advised to come off her medication through her pregnancy due to potential damage to her baby. M
managed to keep her mental fairly stable throughout the pregnancy despite her partner leaving during the last trimester. Following the (traumatic) birth of
her son M found it increasingly difficult to manage to her mental health and being a new mum despite going back on her medication. Following an incident
where M felt she picked her baby up roughly, she informed children and families services and requested some support. This incident escalated to M
having a stay in Berrywood hospital (mental health hospital) and her son being placed in temporary care. She was investigated for injuries that doctors felt
may have been caused by M however the investigation resulted in this not being so. It took M some time to regain custody of her son however and she
needed intense support and treatment due to the traumatic birth and the difficulties in receiving support in a positive way. M felt that she was demonised
at various points by services she engaged with, although she openly disclosed the incident with her son and co-operated and engaged fully with all support
offered. M is now actively involved with Nurturing Natal Support which was founded around 2 years ago by Vicky Stuart, following her own experiences. M
feels the work Nurturing Natal Support encourages open communication around mental health and therefore supports reduction of stigma.

Police officer interview- We spoke to one of Northamptonshire Police Officer Maz who is a Community Support Officer in Spencer Area in Northampton.
She explained to us how LISP project is developed which is very similar to our social venture. We found this beneficial and eye opening when looking at our
rich picture. Also, we tried to find out if police units have training and awareness of PND. Maz was familiar with PND creating or playing a part in social
problems such as shop lifting, using children and buggies to hide items. She suggested exploring probable root causes of PND such as forced marriages,
FGM, domestic violence (Sunflower Centre), rapes etc. She also advise us that we should look at Camrose Centre which is one of the Sure Starts in
Northampton where mothers can get all sort of support.

Family fun day run by Nurturing Natal Support- We discovered that some of the Sure Start centres linked to libraries and the County Council and jointly
work with health visitors in order to create a system of support with more consistency in identifying mums who may need extra help. This information
changed our perspectives; it was evident that linked in functioning between organisations was occurring, however, it took a large amount of overt research
(Punch et al., 2013) before discovering this including participation in a family fun day. We had an opportunity to talk to Abington Childrens Centre
Representative-Manjit Benning, who explained the system of identification to support and what form the support can take. This strategy used was
constructivist approach with recognition that we are likely to have our own values already around the subject being explored (Finnemore & Sikkink, 2001).

Through our research we identified that there is a social problem and the problem also links into many other social issues. Analysis of data gained through
the research gave us a rich picture of who is involved and who are beneficiaries. The services found available is suggestive of need.

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SOCIAL PROBLEM

Through development and collection of data, the social problem we were addressing altered. Initially it was felt that there were not enough services at all,
especially specifically to support with PND. Some way into our local services searches we recognised there are many services, however they are limited in
their ability to awareness raise due to limited funding and this creating influxes of peoples needing a service without the resource to provide. Many are
voluntary sector services and have faced significant cuts to budgets.

The main principles of the social venture canvas developed to be

Expand awareness and networking between current agencies- this leading to reducing stigma.
To collate all support agencies contact details and links to their websites into one web page.
To expand services available to include support offered from pregnancy which would reduce costs for the NHS and Children and Family Services
involvement in child protection situations.

Other primary and secondary social care services would also benefit from savings financially as you can see from the rich picture; (ref)

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Support
organisations

Stigma, Foreign,
isolation, attachment
disorders,
abuse,depression

Child, Mother, Family

-We acknowledged that there is a lack of organizational networking and consistency in identifying mothers suffering from depression.

-Getting access to available services especially for low income families, single parents and families that speak English as their second language are at
especially high risk of not being proactive in getting help.

-Building an awareness opens flood gates and institutions are often then unable to provide service due to limited funding and/or social capital and human
resource.

-Lack of education perpetuates stigma.

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It is clear from all the evidence gathered that the social issue weaves into many aspects of peoples everyday lives and to address the issue as whole is not
productive- making the services already in existence better at the support they offer by networking more efficiently and working together to support in the
best way possible, achieving the best outcomes for all.

Survey results analysis indicates that there is a social need- accessibility is key.

Literature accessed gives a wider understanding of depression, possible root causes and treatments. The purpose of using this literature is to gain
knowledge and background information related to PND and gain a deeper understanding of possible causes, wider impacts and the diversity of the issue.

We found that the beneficiaries of the social enterprise were experiencing the social problem in a number of ways;

Families, single parent families- 1- stigma and awareness= isolation, not wanting to talk and reveal their issue , worry and fear around accessing
support and their ability to parent, worry about judgement, feels cannot access services due to feelings of inadequacy and class divide.
2- Pregnant women are not aware of depression and therefore are not able to recognise symptoms in themselves or
access relevant services. Gaps between services mean there is no consistency in identifying those at risk or in need.

1 &2 often result in; lack of social development, developmental delays such as speech, learning to walk, read or write, Feeling different ( Dolton &
Holton, 2001).
The NHS, and primary care feel the results in terms of costs of counselling and/or drug treatment. Costs in human resources and financial costs of
treatment of crisis situations.

ROOT CAUSES

-PND has stigma attached therefore, mothers have fears of accessing available services.

- There is also relation to class and poverty (middle class accessing sure starts where low income families are target, therefore for those who lives in poverty
service is no longer relevant as they believe is not for them).

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- Access to services is restricted due to limited budget therefore, building an awareness become no longer valid.

-Lack of training within professionals who fail to identify symptoms of PND.

-Lack of cooperation between institutions

-No consistent service available. It would be better to prevent by educating and building an awareness rather than treat depression.

BENEFICIARIES

Through our research we have identified a group of the beneficiaries who will benefit from our venture. They are: young people/ babies/infants/children,
parents, whole families- especially on low income or foreign (English as a 2nd language).

Also, we have identified that NHS could benefit from our venture as if this project is successful it will reduce their cost of drugs. The same applies to the
Police as it will lead to reducing their costs of interventions related to PND.

The beneficiaries expressed their needs via survey : parents comments, during the Nurturing Natal Support event and interviews, police- interview- crimes
related to PND, sure start- they are looking for families to register with them (they target specific groups). Also, Kornelia as a Polish speaker has managed to
contact with polish families in Northampton to find out about their awareness of services and support available and this conversation brought us to the
conclusion that language is a great barrier that leads to limited access to the service.

We can build on dialogue and information gained through conversations with beneficiaries. If we do not intervene there will be no social change and issue
will remain unresolved.

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VENTURE/SOLUTIONS

To address root causes of the social problem we propose to build a network between organizations to provide easier access to them in form of website. As
discussed, the social problem is based around stigma attached to PND and our aim is to reduce it by building an awareness and talking about this issue
openly. At the present we focused on building network base with our partners and beneficiaries to ensure that we address correct social need. This solution
will solve the social problem as we carefully followed Enterprising Communities: Social Innovation Workbook by Tim Curtis, Alison Bell and Amy Bowkett.
This workbook gave us a clear step-by-step instructions of who to identify, research, analyse, plan and develop solutions to the social problems. If our
solution fail therefore, it means that our interpretation was incorrect and we have to start cycle from the beginning.

BENEFICIARY RELATIONSHIPS

To ensure that the beneficiaries are going to benefit from our venture it is necessary to keep record of our results. This can be measured by doing research
within our beneficiaries in form of quantities survey or qualitative interviews. Also, we will need a constant and constructive feedback from our partners to
ensure that our strategy works and to find out in which areas we will need an improvement.

The beneficiaries will be involved in co-producing the benefits by exchanging their thoughts and advices on our forum that could become a peer support
group. Also, the beneficiaries who will advertise our service by exposing our posters on the maternity ward or any other activities related to what we trying
to achieve will be involved in co-producing the benefits.

COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

We will be known as a PNDNetworks and our service will be advertised on posters in local Sure Starts, Maternity Ward in Northampton General Hospital,
Mind in Northampton, local GPs and other related institutions. Also, we aim that we will be heard in the Northampton BBC Radio 1 and we will be seen in

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Northampton local newspaper- Chronicle. Our service will be advertise online by the NHS who is the one of our beneficiaries. Additionally, we will print our
eye catching leaflets that would be handed out by local community midwifes and volunteers.

We are going to contact mainly through our website and face to face meeting with our key contact to discuss the progress of our project. We would like to
organize meetings and events to have an opportunity to meet each other and build relationship network between partners and beneficiaries. Also, we will
be regularly visiting local Sure Starts, Mind and other institutions

KEY ACTIVITIES

Our day-to-day activities will include communication with partners and beneficiaries and building a wider network. Other tasks will include developing and
managing our website that will be our main meeting place. Also we will deal with individual cases if necessary and actively seek for funds to support
development of our venture.

To deliver our social venture we need to ensure that key partners (group: midwifes, community midwifes, heath visitors) will talk to pregnant women
regarding PND. Secondly, key partners (group2: Sure Start, Home Start, Mind, Nurturing Natal Support, Start 4 life) will engage families to use their service
and will work through in order to reduce stigma and promote our website on flyers and posters to help families with accessing services relevant to them

KEY RESOURCES

To deliver our social impact we need an internet/media access and computer/laptop.

Human resources are essential. We are not going to create a new service as our research shows that there are many organizations which deal with PND
issue. Our aim is better networking between those institutions therefore, to deliver our key activities it is necessary that our key partners are existing in a
community. Also our necessities are mobile phones and printed posters/flyers. We have also considered transport to deliver key activities.

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KEY PARTNERS

In order to deliver our social venture we will need to work with our key partners. Our co-operation will involve following institutions:

-NHS (GP, Hospital- Maternity Ward),

-Midwifes, Community Midwifes, Health Visitors,
-Sure starts, Mind, Home start, Start 4 life, Nurturing Natal Support
-Local authorities, Police and Volunteers.

Key partners are source of relevant and credible data. Also they will be able to give us feedback. Our co-operation will lead to advertising and promoting
our website. Networking within institutions will enhance referrals to the particular services.

Working with our key partners we can lead to gaining funds for promoting our service in order to reduce NHS drug cost and police intervention cost. Key
partners would be used as an instruments to reduce stigma in term of advice pregnant women and build their awareness in relation to PND.

COSTS

The main cost of our venture is our time we spend for researching, planning, developing etc. However, in order to deliver our venture it is
necessary that we advertise our service therefore, costs related to advertising are: developing and managing our website, printing leaflets and
posters, advertisements in local radio and newspaper. We have also considered cost of mobile phone usage and travel that we already
committed.
Future expenditure may be essential in order to organize an event or meeting with partners and beneficiaries.

INCOMES

Our venture will be funded by donations and sponsorship that would cover our costs. We are looking for financial support from NHS in exchange for
reducing their costs of medications. We will raise money through event participation while self-promoting.

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IMPACTS

We would like to reduce stigma attached to PND and to allow parents easier access to services. The aim is to reduce stigma by building an awareness during
pregnancy so PND becomes natural to talk about. Also to bring available services together on website that will focus on PND.

We will know that our venture is successful if our website would be viewed regularly and popular (people will find it helpful). Also we will create a blog/
forum for service users to exchange information or to give support and advice. To ensure that we are successful we will also need a constant feedback from
institutions and our partners, and beneficiaries.

OUTCOMES

Once our venture is delivered PND would not be a taboo anymore and people will speak more openly about their fears and concerns. This will reduce
stigma and improve connections within beneficiaries. Also, the outcome of our venture is a better and easier access to available services by group of people
that we identify as vulnerable. Our social venture will reduce the cost of reduce cost of drugs and counselling or costs of police interventions.

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References

Curtis, T. (2013) SWK1048 Module handbook: Developing Enterprising Communities. Northampton: The University of Northampton.

Curtis, T., Bell A., Bowkett A. (2012) Enterprising Communities: Social Innovation Workbook. Northampton: The University of Northampton.

Dalton, K. and Holton W. (2001) Depression after Childbirth: How to recognize, treat, and prevent postnatal depression.4th ed. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.

Finnemore, M. & Sikkink, K. TAKING STOCK: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics. Annual
Review of Political Science. Vol. 4: 391-416 (Volume publication date June 2001).

Kendall- Tacked K.A. (2010) Depression in New Mothers: Causes, consequences and treatment alternatives. 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge.

Mind (2014) Whats on at Anchor: January to March 2014. Northampton: Anchor House.

Punch, S., Marsh, I., Keating M. and Harden J. (2013) Sociology: Making sense of society. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson.

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