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Measurement SOP
2-Tone Intermodulation Counter Detection
PIM generates intermodulation products that can fall within the Rx band of the receiver of
adjacent bands in the base station or in user equipment and, therefore, interfere with the real
signals from/to the cellular users served by these systems.
PIM is a growing issue for cellular network operators, especially in IBS solutions, due to aging
and difficulty of maintenance.
PIM issues may occur as existing equipment ages, when co-locating new carriers, or when
installing new equipment, like adding LTE to existing 2G/3G systems. PIM is a particular issue when
adding new carriers to old antenna systems.
PIM can create interference that will reduce a cells receive sensitivity or even increase the call drop
rate.
Agenda
Introduction to PIM
However, when subject to the high RF powers found in cellular systems, these devices can
generate intermodulation signals at -80 dBm or higher.
Intermodulated signals are generated late in the signal path, they cannot be filtered out and may
cause more harm than the stronger, but filtered, IM products from active components.
The PIM test is a measure of the linearity of the antenna system and thus the installation and
material quality.
PIM shows up as a set of unwanted signals created by the mixing of two or more strong RF
signals in a nonlinear device, such as a loose or corroded connector, or nearby rust.
Defining PIM
The following formulas can predict PIM frequencies for two carriers:
where f1 and f2 are the carriers center frequencies and the n and m are positive integers.
The strong signals normally come from transmitters sharing an antenna run, transmitters using
adjacent antennas, or nearby towers with conflicting antenna patterns.
Damaged or poorly torqued RF connections, contamination, fatigue breaks, cold solder joints, and
corrosion can create nonlinear junctions.
Since the nonlinear junction may be outside the cell cabinet, eliminating PIM by filtering may not be
possible.
Often, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the root cause of the problem. Damaged connectors,
cables, duplexers, circulators, and antennas can all contain nonlinear components.
In addition, nearby corroded objects, such as fences, barn roofs, or rusty bolts can cause PIM, as
long as the signals that reach them are strong enough. This effect is common enough to have its
own name, which is the rusty bolt effect. There are a number of different places to look for
nonlinear junctions.
Agenda
Introduction to PIM
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Interference Measurement Procedure MML
STEP 1: Insert MML Command by WebLMT (STR RFTEST)
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Interference Measurement Procedure MML
STEP 2: Execute MML command and check result.
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
U2000 has a software tool that allow measurement of Intermodulation Productss Interference in
reception band. This procedure is make through insertion of two signals tones, generated by RRU,
in antenna system.
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
STEP 1: Select Interference Measurement in U2000
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
STEP 2: Choose 2-Tone Intermodulation Counter Detection as Interference Measurement Method.
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
STEP 3:
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
STEP 4: Choose antenna ports that will be measure. Ports selected must be of same frequency band.
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
STEP 5:
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
STEP 6:
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Interference Measurement Procedure Huawei Tool
STEP 7:
b
c
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Agenda
Introduction to PIM
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Huawei PIM Measurement Parameters
700 MHz Band
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Huawei PIM Measurement Parameters
2600 MHz Band
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Huawei PIM Measurement Parameters
1900 MHz Band
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Agenda
Introduction to PIM
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Huawei PIM Results Review
Once .CSV result is exported. PIM Rx Levels must be filter for 5th PIM Order in order to check
antenna system lines that not accomplish with PIM threshold.
This procedure will help to debug lines than present high PIM Levels.
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