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Thandaveswara
energies before ( E1 ) and after ( E2 ) the jump and can be shown to be equal to
3
E =
( y2 y1 ) (29.1)
4 y1 y2
Show that
( y y1 )
3
Solution
Momentum equation can be written as
Q
( V2 V1 ) = p1 -p 2
g
Q
( V2 V1 ) = b ( y12 y 22 )
1
g 2
Q = by1V1 = by 2 V2
Q Q Q
= q, V1 = , V2 =
b by1 by 2
Q Q Q 1
= ( y1 + y 2 )( y1 _ y 2 )
2
gb y 2 y1 2
Q 2 y1 y 2 1
= ( y1 + y 2 )( y1 _ y 2 )
gb 2 y1y 2 2
Q 2 1 ( y1 + y 2 )( y1 y 2 ) ( y1y 2 )
=
gb 2 2 ( y1 y2 )
Q2 1
= ( y1 + y2 )( y1y 2 ) (1)
2gb 2 4
V12 V2
y1 + = y 2 + 2 + E
2g 2g
Q2 Q2
y1 + = y 2 + + E
2gy12 b 2 2gy 22 b 2
Q2 1 1
( y1 y 2 ) + 2 2
2 = E
2gb y1 y 2
Q 2 y 22 y12
( y1 y 2 ) + = E
2gb 2 y12 y 22
Q 2 ( y 2 + y1 )
E = ( y1 y 2 ) 1 2
2gb y12 y 22
Substituting equation (1)
1 (y + y )
E = ( y1 y 2 ) 1 ( y 2 + y1 ) y1y 2 2 2 2 1
4 y1 y 2
1 ( y 2 + y1 )2
= ( y1 y 2 ) 1
4 y1y 2
=
( y1 y 2 ) 4y1y 2 y1 y 2 2y1y 2
2 2
4 y1y 2
( y y2 ) ( y y2 )
3
E = 1
4y1y 2
(y2
1 + y + 2y1y 2 )
2
2
= 1
4y1y 2
3
2 3
1 + 8F1
E 1
= (29.2)
E1 8 (2 + F 2 ) [ 1 + 8F 2 1]
1 1
( y2 y1 )
3
E E1 E 2 4y1y 2
= =
E1 E1 V2
y1 + 1
2g
3 3
y2 y13 y 2 y12
1 y 1 4y
= 1 1 2 = 1
y 4y y 2
y1 V
2 y
2 + F12
2+ 1
1
2 2gy1 2
{ }
3
1
2 1 + 8F 1 1
1
2
2
= . y1 * 2
( 2 + F12 ) 4y 2 y1
{ }
3
1
2 1 + 8F 1 1
1
2
= * 1
( 2 + F1 )
2
y
2 2
y1
( )
3
1
1 + 8F 1 1
2
= 2
( )
2
2 1
( 2 + F1 ) 2 1 + 8F1 1
2
( )
3
E 1+ 8F12 3
( )
=
E1 8 ( 2 + F12 ) 1 + 8F12 1
It can be seen from Eq.29.2 that when F1 is 20, the relative loss would be 86% but to
dissipate 99.6 % of the initial energy a Froude number of 1000 is required !. The energy
in the jump is dissipated through the conversion of mean kinetic energy into turbulence
and through viscous action. Rajaratnam ( 1967 ) presented the following equation to
x
y / y 1 + 0.632 F12 f" ( )
E y1
= (29.3)
E1 F2
1+ 1
2
that the energy profile falls rapidly in the initial part of the jump and approaches the
downstream energy line asymtotically. This analysis includes the turbulent kinetic