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BIOKIMIA Regulate memory, thirsthy, mood,

REM sleep,sexual behaviour and muscle


Neurotranmiter tonus
1. Definisi In Alzheimer (lower)
Sebuah pesan kimia antara neuron Anxiety and depression (high)
dengan target sel seperti sel neuron, sel Lower ACh symptoms:
otot, dan sel pada kelenjar.
Neurotransmiter di sentesis oleh sel 1. Lack of inhibition
neuron dan di simpan di dalam vesicle 2. Down regulation of memory
presynaps. 3. Euphoria
4. Antisosial
2. Perjalanan Neurotrasmiter 5. Speaking dissability
Adanya impuls yang berasal dari terminal High ACh symptoms:
presynaptic Neurotransmiter yg 1. Over-inhibition
mengisi vesikel berpindah ke sitoplasma 2. Anxiety and depression
dan menyebar ke dalam membran 3. Somatic disfunction
terminal presinaptik Lepas kedalam
synaptic cleft Membran post sinaptik Dopamine
Aktivasi reseptor di dalam ion kanal di Located in CNS and produce in
dalam neuro kedua yg meniliki perbedaan substansia nigra.
permeabilitas Depolarisasi Potensial Main function : regulate cognitive
aksi Impuls listrik function, reward-seeking behaviour
Defisit:
3. Based on chemical and molecular 1. Parkinson
properties, the major classes of 2. Endocrine disfunction
neurotransmitters : 3. Movement disfunction
Amino acid : glutamate, glycine 4. Substance abuse
Monoamine:dopamine,norepinephrine, High dopamine symptoms:
acetylcholine 1. Schizophrenia
Peptides : somatostatin, opioids 2. Disorganized thingking
Purines : ATP 3. Loose ascociation
Others : nitrit ocxide, GABA 4. Tic
5. Stereotypic behaviour
4. Actylcholine (ACh)
Norephineprine
Main neurotransmitter (not produce
in neuron). Higher concentration in locus ceruleus.
There are 2 receptors: Others in amygdala, cortex cerebri,
Motor end plates of skeletal muscles. hippocampus, and sympathic nerve
Sympathethic ganglia. Main function:regulate attention, fight
Function: or flight, learning, and memory
Symptomps : 2. Tension and worry
3. Anxiety
1. Anxiety 4. Seizure
2. Over anticipate
3. Paranoia
Neurotransmitter removal
Symptomps:
Acethylcoline:
1. Fatigue Rapidly remove from receptor site bya
2. Depression the enzyme acethylcholineesterase, which is
hydrolize it
Serotonin Acethylcolineesterase inhibit by
Function : sleeping regulation, pain succinylcholine (reversible)convulsion and
regulation, mood, body temperature, respiratory paralisis
agrression. GABA clearance:
Symptoms : neurons and glia contain high affinity
transporter for GABAconverted into
1. Aggresive succinate by GABA aminotransferase and
2. Psikosis succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
3. Migraine further in TCA for ATP syntehsis in
4. Sexual disfunction mitochondria.
5. Sleeping disfunction Neuromodulator
6. Cognitive disfunction - merupakan zat selain neurotransmitter
7. OCD yang dikeluarkan dari membran prasinaps
8. Losing appetite ke celah sinaps, mampu memodulasi dan
symptom: memodifikasi aktivitas neuron
1. Sedasi pascasinaps
2. Hallucination - Neuromodulator dapat ditemukan
bersama dengan neurotransmitter utama
Glutamate di sebuah sinaps tunggal
- Neuromodulator terdapat di dalam vesikel
Main function: memory regulation
prasinaps yang berbeda
Main neurotransmitter in brain
- Pelepasan neuromodulator ke celah sinaps
Disfunction in glutamate can caused
tidak memberikan efek langsung pada
bipolar affective disfuntion and
membran pascasinap
epilepsy
- berperan menguatkan, memperpanjang,
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) menghambat, atau membatasi efek
neurotransmitter utama di membrane
Main neurotransmitter regulating pascasinapsNeuromodulator bekerja
symptoms in psychiatric disfunction melalui sistem messenger kedua yang
GABA transport from synaps through biasanya melalui transducer molecular,
catabolism by GABA transaminase protein G, dan mengubah respons reseptor
terhadap neurotransmitter
Symptoms : Contoh:adenosin.
1. Irritability

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