STATION NAME : 220KV GAMESA SWITCHING STATION

1.0 220KV VIJAYAPURA LINE DISTANCE RELAY SETTING CALCULATION

1.1 SYSTEM DETAILS
System data at GM SS end(As per input details)
Nominal Voltage : 220 kV
3- Phase fault level : 9131.2 MVA
1- Phase fault level : 6174.3 MVA

System data at remote end Vijaypura (As per input details)

3- Phase fault level : 3079.3 MVA
1- Phase fault level : 2430 MVA

35kM 220kV OHL-1

50.3 kM 220kV HNDI OHL-1&2

35kM 220kV OHL-2

25 kM 220kV VYASHALLI OHL-1&2

GM SS (Local)

VIJAYPURA(Remote)

Protected Line Data(220kV O/H Line)

Total Line length: = 35 km
Conductor : ACSR DRAKE TYPE
Positive Seq. Imp in Ohm/kM ZL1 (RL1+ jXL1) = 0.08040 +j 0.3999
Zero Seq. Imp in Ohms/kM ZL0 (RL0+ jXL0) = 0.22900 +j 1.245

Shortest adjacent line(220kV VIJAYPURA -VYSHALLI)

Line length: = 25 km

Longest adjacent line(220kV VIJAYPURA-HNDI)

Line length: = 50.3 km

CT details
CT Primary Current = 800 A
CT Secondary Current = 1 A

PT Details
PT Primary Voltage = 220 kV
PT Secondary Voltage = 110 V

1.2 Main-2 Distance Protection(21)

Relay Details:
Relay Type : 7SA522
Make : SIEMENS

NOTES
As per Relay requirement, all relay setting are in terms of Secondary Ohms.
All phase and earth fault zone elements have fixed quadrilateral characteristic shape.

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 Line Capacitance calculations
Capacitance of line = B÷2xπxf
B = Total Conductor susceptance μS/km = 3.98
Capacitance of the line = 0.0126752 μF/km

Transformation Ratio = (CTPri/CTSec)*(VTSec/VTPri)

= (800/1)*(110/220000)
= 0.4

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 Protected Line impedance calculations

Positive Seq Imp of the protected line = Seq. Impedance in Ω/kM x Line Length in km
Positive Seq Imp of the line(RL1 + JXlL1) =( 0.0804 +j 0.3999 ) x
Total Positive Seq Impedance ZL1 = 2.8140 +j 13.997 Ω
= 1.1256 +j 5.599 Ω
= 5.7106 Ω 78.632 °

Zero Seq Imp of the line (RL0 + JXL0) =( 0.2290 +j 1.245 ) x

Total Zero Seq Impedance ZL0 = 8.0150 +j 43.575 Ω
= 3.2060 +j 17.430 Ω
= 17.7224 Ω 79.578 °
Shortest adjacent line impedance calculations

Positive Seq Imp of the protected line = Seq. Impedance in Ω/kM x Line Length in km
Positive Seq Imp of the line(RL1 + JXlL1) =( 0.0804 +j 0.3999 ) x
Total Positive Seq Impedance ZL1 = 2.0100 +j 9.998 Ω
= 0.8040 +j 3.999 Ω
= 4.0790 Ω 78.632 °

Zero Seq Imp of the line (RL0 + JXL0) =( 0.2290 +j 1.245 ) x

Total Zero Seq Impedance ZL0 = 5.7250 +j 31.125 Ω
= 2.2900 +j 12.450 Ω
= 12.6589 Ω 79.578 °

Longest adjacent line impedance calculations

Positive Seq Imp of the protected line = Seq. Impedance in Ω/kM x Line Length in km
Positive Seq Imp of the line(RL1 + JXlL1) =( 0.0804 +j 0.3999 ) x
Total Positive Seq Impedance ZL1 = 4.0441 +j 20.115 Ω
= 1.6176 +j 8.046 Ω
= 8.2070 Ω 78.632 °

Zero Seq Imp of the line (RL0 + JXL0) =( 0.2290 +j 1.245 ) x

Total Zero Seq Impedance ZL0 = 11.5187 +j 62.624 Ω
= 4.6075 +j 25.049 Ω
= 25.4696 Ω 79.578 °

Zero Sequence Compensation Factor

The Zero sequence compensation setting is applied so that the distance protection measures
the distance to fault of all fault types based on the positive sequence reach settings.

The setting is applied as RE / RL and XE / XL setting with respect to the respective zones
(RE / Rl) = (1/3) x {(RE / Rl) -1 }
(XE / Xl) = (1/3) x {(XE / Xl) -1 }

Positive Sequence Impedance of the Protected line

As calculated from the above Section
Positive Sequence of the protected line, (RL + JXL) = 1.1256 +j 5.599 Ω
ZL = 5.7106 Ω
Positive Sequence
Line Resistance, R1 = 1.1256 Ω
Line Reactance, X1 = 5.5986 Ω
Line Angle, Ө = 78.63 °

Zero Sequence of the protected line,(RLo + J XLo) = 3.2060 +j 17.430 Ω

Zero Sequence

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 Line Resistance, Ro = 3.2060 Ω
Line Reactance, Xo = 17.4300 Ω
Line Angle, Ө = 79.58 °

Zero Seq. resistance compensation Factor RE/RL for Line

= (1/3) x {(RE / Rl) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(LineR0/ Line R1) -1 }
Hence, Line, RE/RL = 0.6160862

Zero Seq. reactance Compensation Factor XE/Xl for Line

= (1/3) x {(X0 / X1) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(Line X0/ Line X1) -1 }
Hence, Line , XE/XL = 0.7044261

Arc & Tower footing Resistance

(Assumptions)
Tower footing Resistance RTf = 40 Ω
Arc Resistance, Arc = 28707 x L / I1.4
Length of the arc, L = 4.9m (Suspension insulator length from tow
Minimum fault current, I = 1000A
Arc Resistance, Rarc = 8.88 Ω
Hence, Tower footing + Arc Resistance = RTf + Arc
= 40 + 8.88
RTf + Arc = 48.88 Ω (Primary)

Minimum load Impedance

Minimum load Impedance, Zlodmin = (Vmin/√3)/ Imax
Where,
Vnominal = 220.00 kV
Vmin = 0.9 x V nominal
Imax = 800 A
Zlodmin = ( 220000/√3) x 0.9/(800)
Zlodmin = 142.90 Ω (Primary)
= 57.16 Ω (Secondary)
Load Power factor = 0.85
Load Angle = Cosˉ¹(Load Power Factor)
Therefore, Max load angle with margin, ØLoad-Max = ARCCOS(0.85) + 5°
ØLoad-Max = 37°

Zone Setting Calculations:

Zone - 1 Reactance Settings X(Z1)
Required Zone 1 reach,
(Z1phReach) = 80% x Positive Seq Imp of the protected line
R1(Z1) + X1(Z1) = 0.8 x (1.1256 +j 5.599)
= 0.9005 +j 4.479 Ω
Therefore, set Zone-1 +ve Seq. Reactance, X(Z1) = 4.479 Ω

Zero Seq. Compensation Factors for Zone-1:

(Z1 zero Seq ImpSec)= 80% x Positive Seq Imp of the protected line
Ro(Z1) + j Xo(Z1) = 0.8 x (3.206 +j 17.43)
= 2.565 +j 13.944 Ω

Zero Seq. resi. Compensation Factor RE/RL Zone-1 = (1/3) x {(RE / Rl) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(Zone-1R0/ Zone-1R1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-1, RE/RL = 0.616

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 Zero Seq. react. Compen. Factor XE/Xl Zone-1 = (1/3) x {(X0 / X1) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(Zone-1X0/ Zone-1X1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-1 , XE/XL = 0.704

Zone-1 Time delay setting

Set time delay setting for Zone-1, tZ1 = 0.0 sec

Zone - 1B Reactance Settings X(Z1B)

As per Siemens Relay manual Overreach Zone shall be set for SOTF,
Zone 1B shall be set for 120% of the protected line
(Z1BphReach) = 120% x Positive Seq Imp of the protected line
R1(Z1B) + X1(Z1B) = 1.2 x (1.1256 +j 5.599)
= 1.351 +j 6.718 Ω
Therefore, Zone-1B +ve Seq. Reactance, X(Z1B) = 6.71832 Ω

Zero Seq. Compensation Factors for Zone-1B:

(Z1B zero Seq ImpSec)= 120% x Zero Seq Imp of the protected line
Ro(Z1B) + j Xo(Z1B) = 1.2 x (3.206 +j 17.43)
= 3.847 +j 20.916 Ω

Zero Seq. resi. Compensation Factor RE/RL Zone-1 = (1/3) x {(RE / Rl) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(Zone-1R0/ Zone-1R1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-1B, RE/RL = 0.616

Zero Seq. react. Compen. Factor XE/Xl Zone-1 = (1/3) x {(X0 / X1) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(Zone-1X0/ Zone-1X1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-1B , XE/XL = 0.704

Zone-1B Time delay setting

Set time delay setting for Zone-1B, tz1b = 0.0 sec

Zone - 2 Reactance Settings X(Z2)

100% of protected line + 50% of adjacent shortest line or 50% of Transformer

Required Zone 2 reach=
Impedance in parallel
In This case Vijaypura side there is no transformer so,
Zone-2 Reach = 100% of protected line + 50% of adjacent shortest line
R1(Z2) + X1(Z2) = (1.1256 +j 5.599) + 0.5 x(0.804 + j3.9999)
= 1.528 +j 7.5981 Ω
Z2 = 7.750 Ω
Therefore, set Zone-2 +ve Seq. Reactance, X(Z2) = 7.750 Ω

Zero Seq. Compensation Factors for Zone-2:

(Z2 zero Seq ImpSec)= 100% of protected line + 50% of adjacent shortest line
Ro(Z2) + j Xo(Z2) = (3.206 +j 17.43) + 0.5 x (2.29 + j12.45)
= 4.351 +j 23.655 Ω

Zero Seq. resi. Compen. Factor RE/RL Zone-2 = (1/3) x {(RE/Rl) -1 }

= (1/3) x {(Zone-2R0/ Zone-2R1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-2, RE/RL = 0.616

Zero Seq. react. Compen. Factor XE/Xl Zone-2 = (1/3) x {(X0 / X1) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(Zone-2X0/ Zone-2X1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-2 , XE/XL = 0.704

Zone-2 Time delay setting

Set time delay setting for Zone-2, tZ2 = 0.4 sec

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 Zone - 3 Reactance Settings X(Z3)

Required Zone 3 reach = (100% of protected line + 100% of adjacent longest line or 100% of Transform
In This case Vijaypura sideimpedance
there is nointransformer
parallel) so,
(Z3phReach) = (100% of protected line + 100% of adjacent longest line)
R1(Z3)+ X1(Z3) = (1.1256 +j 5.599) + (1.6176 + j 8.046)
= 2.7432 +j 13.645 Ω
Therefore, set Zone-3 +ve Seq. Reactance, X(Z3) = 13.645 Ω

Zero Seq. Compensation Factors for Zone-3:

(Z3 zero Seq ImpSec)= Zero seq imp (100% of protected line + 100% of adjacent longest line)
Ro(Z3)+j Xo(Z3) = (3.206 +j 17.43) + (4.6075+ j25.049)
= 7.813 +j 42.479 Ω

Zero Seq. resi. Compen. Factor RE/RL Zone-3 = (1/3) x {(RE/Rl) -1 }

= (1/3) x {(Zone-3R0/ Zone-3R1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-3 RE/RL = 0.616

Zero Seq. react. Compen. Factor XE/Xl Zone-3 = (1/3) x {(X0 / X1) -1 }
= (1/3) x {(Zone-3X0/ Zone-3X1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-3 XE/XL = 0.704

Zone-3 Time delay setting

Set time delay setting for Zone-3, tZ3 = 0.8 sec

Zone - 4 Reactance Settings X(Z4)

Reverse reach Zone,
Required Zone 4 reach,
(Z4phReach) = (25% of protected line impedance)
R1(Z4)+ X1(Z4) = 0.25 x (1.1256 +j 5.599)
= 0.28 +j 1.39965 Ω
Therefore, set Zone-4 +ve Seq. Reactance, X(Z4) = 1.400 Ω

Zero Seq. Compensation Factors for Zone-4:

(Z4 zero Seq ImpSec)= (25% of protected line impedance)
Ro(Z4)+j Xo(Z4) = 0.25 x (3.206 +j 17.43)
= 0.802 +j 4.3575 Ω

Zero Seq. resi. Compen. Factor RE/RL Zone-4 = (1/3) x {(RE/Rl) -1 }

= (1/3) x {(Zone-4R0/ Zone-4R1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-4 RE/RL = 0.616

Zero Seq. react. Compen. Factor XE/Xl Zone-4 = (1/3) x {(X0 / X1) -1 }
Hence, Zone-4 XE/XL = 0.704

Zone-4 Time delay setting

Set time delay setting for Zone-4, tZ4 = 1.2 sec

Resistive Reach Calculations

As per Siemens manual Resistive reach margin for phase and earth faults, the resistance RL of the
line itself can be ignored with SIPROTEC devices. It is taken into account by the shape of the polygon.
As per Siemens manual, the relay settings should consider the fault resistance which appears as an
additional resistance at the location of fault and the same is added to the impedance of the line.
It comprises, the resistance the arc, and tower footing resistance in case of earth faults.

Fault resistance calculation for Phase-Phase fault

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 As per Siemens Relay manual, the total impedance for respective zones shall include resistive
tolerance as below,
Zone(Z)Phase-Phase fault reach = (R(Zone)ph-ph + Resistive tolerance ph-ph) + j X(Zone)
Where,
Resistive tolerance for phase-phase fault = 0.5 x Rarc x 1.2
Rarc = 8.88 Ω
Hence, Resistive tolerance for phase-phase fault = (0.5 x 8.88 x 1.2)
= 5.328 Ω
= 7.086 Ω

The Zone 1 phase-phase reach is as below,

R(Z1)ϕ-ϕ = (0.9005+7.086 +j 4.479)
= 9.157
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 0.916
Hence, R(Z1)ϕ-ϕ = 10.072 Ω

The Zone 1B phase-phase reach is as below,

R(Z1B)ϕ-ϕ = (1.351 + 7.086) +j 6.718
= 10.785
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 1.078
Hence, R(Z1B)ϕ-ϕ = 11.863 Ω

The Zone 2 phase-phase reach is as below,

R(Z2)ϕ-ϕ = (1.528 + 7.086) +j 7.758
= 11.593
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 1.159
Hence, R(Z2)ϕ-ϕ = 12.752 Ω

The Zone 3 phase-phase reach is as below,

R(Z3)ϕ-ϕ = (2.743 + 7.086) +j 13.645
= 16.817
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 1.682
Hence, R(Z3)ϕ-ϕ = 18.498 Ω

The Zone 4 phase-phase reach is as below,

R(Z4)ϕ-ϕ = (0.28 + 7.086) +j 1.3997
= 7.498
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 0.750
Hence, R(Z4)ϕ-ϕ = 8.248 Ω

Fault Resistance Calculations for Phase-Earth fault

As per above Section 1.1.2,
The Tower footing resistance , Tft = 40 Ω
Arc resistance, Rarc = 8.88 Ω
The Tower footing resistance + Arc resistance = 48.88 Ω
= 19.550 Ω

As per Siemens Relay manual, the total impedance for phase-earth fault shall include resistive
tolerance as below,

Zone(Z)Phase-earth fault reach = (R(Zone)ph-ph + Resistive tolerance ph-e) + j X(Zone)

Where,
Resistive tolerance for phase-earth fault = 1.2x[1+ I2/I1] x {(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}
Fault current infeed factor I2/I1 = 2.0 [Worst case]
Zero sequence compensation factor = RE/RL

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 The Zone 1 phase-phase reach is as below,
Resistive tolerance for phase-earth fault , Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+ I2/I1] x {(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}
Fault current infeed factor I2/I1 = 2.0 [Worst case]
Zone 1 Zero sequence compensation factor = RE/RL
Zone 1, RE/RL= 0.616 (Ref. above Section)
Hence, Zone 1 Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+2.0] x {(19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}
= 43.549939
R(Z1)ϕ-e = (0.9005+43.4599 +j 4.479)
= 44.586
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 4.459
Hence, R(Z1)ϕ-e = 49.045 Ω

The Zone 1B phase-phase reach is as below,

Resistive tolerance for phase-earth fault , Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+ I2/I1] x {(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}
Fault current infeed factor I2/I1 = 2.0 [Worst case]
Zone 1B Zero sequence compensation factor = RE/RL
Zone 1B, RE/RL = 0.6160862 (Ref. above Section)
Hence, Zone 1B Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+2.0] x {(19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}
= 43.549939
R(Z1B)ϕ-e = (1.351 + 43.5499) +j 6.718
= 45.401
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 4.540
Hence, R(Z1B)ϕ-e = 49.941 Ω

The Zone 2 phase-phase reach is as below,

Resistive tolerance for phase-earth fault , Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+ I2/I1] x {(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}
Fault current infeed factor I2/I1 = 2.0 [Worst case]
Zone 2 Zero sequence compensation factor = RE/RL
Zone 2, RE/RL= 0.616 (Ref. above Section)
Hence, Zone 2 Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+2.0] x {(19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}
= 43.549939
R(Z2)ϕ-e = (1.528 + 43.5499) +j 7.758
= 45.741
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 4.574
Hence, R(Z2)ϕ-e = 50.315 Ω

The Zone 3 phase-phase reach is as below,

Resistive tolerance for phase-earth fault , Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+ I2/I1] x {(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}
Fault current infeed factor I2/I1 = 2.0 [Worst case]
Zone 3 Zero sequence compensation factor = RE/RL
Zone 3, RE/RL= 0.616 (Ref. above Section)
Hence, Zone 3 Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+2.0] x {(19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}
= 43.549939
R(Z3)ϕ-e = (2.743 + 43.5499) +j 13.645
= 48.262
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 4.826
Hence, R(Z3)ϕ-e = 53.088 Ω

The Zone 4 phase-phase reach is as below,

Resistive tolerance for phase-earth fault , Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+ I2/I1] x {(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}
Fault current infeed factor I2/I1 = 2.0 [Worst case]
Zone 4 Zero sequence compensation factor = RE/RL
Zone 4, RE/RL = 0.616 (Ref. above Section)
Hence, Zone 4 Rtph-ph-e = 1.2x[1+2.0] x {(19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}
= 43.549939
R(Z4)ϕ-e = (0.28 + 43.5499) +j 1.3997

EPILLAR2016@GMAIL.COM Page 8 of 6
 = 43.852
with additional 10% overall tolerance = 4.385
Hence, R(Z4)ϕ-e = 48.238 Ω

1.3 Directional Earth Fault Protection DEF(67N) :

Main-2 protection shall include the DEF(Directional Earth fault) protection

DEF Status = Enable

Polarization = Zero Sequence
Voltage, V> = 10% of Vpn
IBase, Base (reference) current, IB = 800 A
Operate residual current level, IN1 = 20% of IB
IN1 in % of IBs = 0.2 X 800 = 160A
= 160A (Primary)
Time delay curve type, Characteristic2 = DT
Min. operate time for inverse curve, t2Min = 2.0 sec

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 Ω/km
Ω/km

teristic shape.

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VTSec/VTPri)

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e Length in km
35.00
(Primary)
(Secondary)
(Secondary)

35.00
(Primary)
(Secondary)
(Secondary)

e Length in km
25.00
(Primary)
(Secondary)
(Secondary)

25.00
(Primary)
(Secondary)
(Secondary)

e Length in km
50.30
(Primary)
(Secondary)
(Secondary)

50.30
(Primary)
(Secondary)
(Secondary)

otection measures

(Secondary)
(Secondary)

(Secondary)
(Secondary)

(Secondary)

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 (Secondary)
(Secondary)

/ Line R1) -1 }

/ Line X1) -1 }

pension insulator length from tower)

(Secondary)

(Secondary)

R0/ Zone-1R1) -1 }

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X0/ Zone-1X1) -1 }

(Secondary)

(Secondary)

R0/ Zone-1R1) -1 }

X0/ Zone-1X1) -1 }

est line or 50% of Transformer

est line
9) + 0.5 x(0.804 + j3.9999)
(Secondary)

est line
+ 0.5 x (2.29 + j12.45)
(Secondary)

R0/ Zone-2R1) -1 }

X0/ Zone-2X1) -1 }

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gest line or 100% of Transformer

9) + (1.6176 + j 8.046)
(Secondary)

djacent longest line)

+ (4.6075+ j25.049)
(Secondary)

R0/ Zone-3R1) -1 }

X0/ Zone-3X1) -1 }

(Secondary)

(Secondary)

R0/ Zone-4R1) -1 }

he resistance RL of the
y the shape of the polygon.
nce which appears as an
mpedance of the line.
earth faults.

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all include resistive

ph) + j X(Zone)

(Primary)
(Secondary)

(Primary)
(Secondary)

all include resistive

e) + j X(Zone)

{(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}

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{(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}

above Section)
19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}

{(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}

above Section)
19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}

{(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}

above Section)
19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}

{(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}

above Section)
19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}

9) +j 13.645

{(Rarc + Rtf)/(1+RE/RL)}

above Section)
19.55)/(1+ 0.616)}

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