IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

MHD flow with Silver (Ag) and Titanium (TiO2) water based Nano fluid over
a non-linearly stretching/strinking sheet

Ambrish Kumar Tiwari*1, Fauzia Raza#2, Jahan Akhtar#3

*Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Patna Campus, Bihar, India
#Department of Mathematics, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, U.P., India
1aktiwaria@gmail.com 2rizvi.fauzia766@gmail.com, 3jahn4us@yahoo.com

Abstract - An analysis is made to study the steady two-dimensional boundary layer Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow
and reactive mass transfer on a non-linear stretching/shrinking sheet in Silver  Ag  and Titanium TiO2  nanoparticles.
Similarity transformations are applied to reduce the governing partial differential with boundary conditions into a system of
ordinary differential equations over a semi-infinite interval. The appearance the flow for distinct governing parameters
namely solid volume function  , magnetic parameter M , Prandtl number Pr and Schmidt number Sc are graphically
illustrated and analysed in detail for both the cases stretching and shrinking sheet. Skin friction coefficient and the local
Nussle number are also investigated for various parameters by tables.

Keywords— Nanofluid, stretching/shrinking sheet, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), Silver (Ag) and

Titanium (TiO2) , chemical reaction.

I. INTRODUCTION
A nanofluid is a homogeneous suspension with nanoparticles which offer excellent heat transfer enhancement over
conventional base fluids. The usages of nanoparticles enhance heat conductivity of thermal fluids, which could lead to an
enhancing of the heat transfer. The term nanofluid, first made known by Choi [1], speak about to the fluids with suspended
nanoparticles. Utmost of the convectional heat transfer fluids functioning as water, ethylene, glycol and mineral oils have
small thermal conductivity and thus are not enough to accommodate the vital part today’s cooling rate. An originatively idea
of developing the thermal conductivities of such fluids is to suspend small solid particles in the base fluids to plan slurries.
An industrial application analysis was accomplished by Liu et al [2] and Ahuja [3], in which accomplish of particle volumetric
loading, size and flow rate on the slurry pressure drop and heat transfer performance was researched Xuan and Li [4].
Stagnation point flow, elucidate the fluid motion near the stagnation zone of a solid surface occur in both cases of an exacted
or active body in a fluid. The union of both stagnation-point flows past a stretching surface was considered by Mahapatra
and Gupta [5, 6]. There are two situations that the flow close to a shrinking sheet is likely to be present, whether an adequate
suction on the boundary is imposed [7] or a stagnation flow is considered. Wang [8] researched both two-dimensional and
axis-symmetric stagnation flow close to a shrinking sheet in a viscous fluid. He originated that result do not exist for larger
shrinking rates and not different in the two-dimensional case. After this experimental work, the flow field over a stagnation
point in the direction of a stretching/shrinking sheet has drawn major attention and a good amount of literature has been
generated on this issue [9-12]. Recently, Nadeem and Hussain [13] solved analytically the problem of magneto hydrodynamic
(MHD) flow of a viscous fluid on a nonlinear porous shrinking sheet. Kumaran and Ramanaih [14] examined flow over a
quadratic stretching sheet. Magyari and Keller [15], Elbashbeshy [16], Khan and Sanjayanand [17] Sanjayanand and Khan
[18], Sajid and Hayat [19], and Partha et al [20] assumed the heat transfer tendency of viscous and viscoelastic fluid flows
past an exponentially stretching sheet. Vajravelu [21], Vajravelu and Cannon [22], Cortell [23-26], Prasad et al [27], Afzal
[28], and Nandeppanavar et al [29] studied the effect of variant parameters governing the flow of a viscous fluid over a
nonlinearly stretching sheet. Hamad and Ferdows [30] analyzed the heat and mass transfer analysis for boundary layer
stagnation-point flow over a stretching sheet in a porous medium filled by a nanofluid with internal heat
generation/consumption and suction/fuming.

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Hamad [31] studied the convective flow and heat transfer of an incompressible viscous nanofluid past a semi-infinite
vertical stretching sheet in the emergence of a magnetic field. In this study, the steady two-dimensional boundary layer
Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow and reactive mass transfer on a non-linear stretching/shrinking sheet in Silver  Ag 
and Titanium TiO2  nanoparticles. Similarity transformations are applied to reduce the governing partial differential with
boundary conditions into a system of ordinary differential equations over a semi-infinite interval. The appearances the flow
for distinct governing parameters are discussed in detail.

II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Consider the two-dimensional boundary layer flow due to a stretching/shrinking sheet in an incompressible fluid. The
fluid is a water based nanofluids containing two types of nanoparticles such a Silver and Titanium. The stretching/shrinking
velocity U w (x) and the ambient velocity U (x) are assumed to vary non-linearly from the stagnation point, i.e.,
U w ( x )  a 0 x n and U  ( x)  ax n , where a0 and a are constant with a >o. we note that a0 >o and a0 <o correspond to
stretching and shrinking sheets, respectively. It is also assumed that the base fluid and nanoparticles are in thermal
equilibrium and no slip occurs between them. The thermo physical properties of regular fluid and nanoparticles are given in
Table 1.

Physical properties Regular fluid (water) TiO2 Ag

Cρ (J/kg K) 4,179 686.2 235
ρ (kg/m3) 997.1 425 10500
k (W/mK) 0.613 8.9538 429
β×10-5(1/K) 21 0.90 1.89

The governing equations for conservation of mass, momentum, thermal energy and concentration of a steady, laminar and
incompressible nanofluid by using boundary layer approximation are:
u u
 0 (1)
 x y
u u  nf  2 u B 2 (x) dU  (2)
u v   u U 
x y  nf  y 2  dx
(3)
T T  2T
u v   nf 2
x y y
(4)
C C  2C
u v  Dm 2
x y y

Subject to the boundary conditions

u U w(x) a0 x n , v  0; T  Tw (x) T  bxm ; C  Cw (x)  C  C0 x r at y  0
n
u U (x)  ax ; T  T ; C C  as y   (5)
where u and v are the velocity components of the nanofluid in the x -direction and y - directions, respectively. n ,
m and r are the non-linear stretching parameter and the surface temperature parameter, and concentration parameter,
respectively.

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The temperature on the wall is Tw and the ambient is held at constant temperature T .  nf and  nf are the effective
,
viscosity and density of the nanofluid. The thermal diffusivity and kinematic viscosityof the nanofluid are  nf and  nf
respectively.

k nf
 nf  (1   )  f   s ,  nf   f (1   )  2.5 ,  nf  (6)
( Cp ) nf
( Cp ) nf  (1   )( Cp ) f   ( Cp ) s
By introducing the following non-dimensional variables:
n1 n1
a(n  1) a(n  1) f  n 1 ' 
y x 2
, u  axn f ' ( ), v x 2
 f ()  n  1f ()
2 f 2  

T  T C  C
 ( )  ,  ( )  . (7)
Tw  T C w  C
Then the governing Equations (1), (2) and (3) becomes

 (8)
 
''' 2.5

 f 

f  (1   ) 1     s   f ' 2  ff ''    Mf '  0 


k f  ( Cp ) s  ' 2m 

 ''  Pr 1      f   f '   0 (9)
k nf  ( Cp ) f  n 1 
 2r ' 
h ''  Sc  f h  fh '   0 (10)
n 1 
and the transformed boundary conditions are
(11)
f (0)  0, f ' (0)   ,  ( 0 )  1, h ( 0 )  1,  f
 
f ' (  )  1,  ( )  0, h ( )  0,  Where Pr  is the Prandtl number, and Sc  f is
f Dm
a0
the Schmidt number and   is the velocity ratio parameter where ˃0 for stretching, ˂0 for shrinking
a
The physical quantities of interest are the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number, which are defined as

  u  x   T  4  T 4  
Cf    Nu  k       (12)
fU w2  y  y 0 k Tw  T    y  y 0 3k1  y  y 0 
 
With  and k are the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity, respectively. Using non-dimensional variables (7), we
have
1
Nu x
C f R x2  F '' 0 , 1
  '' 0 (13)
2
Re x

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III. METHOD OF SOLUTION

The boundary value problem (8)-(11) has been solved numerically with the MATLAB function “bvp4c”. The function has
three input variables: the name of the M-file enumerating an ordinary differential equation system of the design, the term of
the M-file enumerating the boundary values, and an initial approximation of the result prepared with the MATLAB function

“bvpinit”. The output variable of “bvp4c” answers the solution in the form f  , f '  , f ''  , f '' '
  , which can be
calculated at any given framework with the MATLAB function “deval”.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This paper discusses about the effect of solid volume function  , magnetic parameter M , Prandtl number Pr and Schmidt
number Sc on hydrodynamic and thermophysical features of the steady state laminar incompressible viscous flow of
nanofluid.

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2 Ag
TiO2

f’( ) 0

-0.2
Φ=0.1

-0.4 Φ=0.2

Φ=0.3
-0.6
Φ=0.1

-0.8 Φ=0.2

Φ=0.3
-1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( )
Figure 1: Velocity profile for different values of ф=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, n=0.8, M=0.4, = -1.

Fig-1 is for variation in solid volume fraction  with different values of n . It shows that velocity is increased with the
increment in value of . Also it decreases with the increment in  for Ag nanofluid but increases with the increment in 
for TiO2 nanofluid.

Fig-2 is for variation in magnetic parameter M with   0.1 and t  1 .In fig-2 when n  0.5 the velocity is decreasing to a
certain value and again it increases to1. As the value of M increases the velocity decreases and found to be minimum at
M  1 for both the nanoparticles.

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Fig3 and fig4 are for variation in temperature profile for different parameters. From the figures it is obvious that the
temperature profile is extending to a certain level and then it reduction to 0.Fig3 indicates the consequences of the nano-
particles volume fraction parameter  on temperature distribution for assisting and opposing flows, respectively the
temperature profile    decreases with the increases in the solid volume fraction file within the boundary layer region for
Ag and TiO2 nano-fluids. Thus, by increasing  , thermal boundary layer thickness decreasing. So, one can interpret that
the rate of heat transfer escalate with increase in  . Also, it is concluded that for fixed values of  ,the temperature
distribution of nanofluid enhance with enhancement in  , and this rate of increase is high in certain initial range of  and
is maximum at  3 , but it decreases after that and tends asymptotically to zero as the distance increases from the boundary.
Fig4 is for variation in Prandtl number Pr for different values of n . The temperature profile increases and it is maximum
for Pr  3 and again it decreases to 0.

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Fig5 is for variation in Schmidt number Sc . As the Schmidth number increases the concentration profile increases to a
certain level and it is maximum for Sc  2 for both the nanoparticles and then it decreases to 0.

1.8
Sc=0.5

1.6 Sc=1

Sc=2
1.4
Sc=0.5

1.2 Sc=1

Sc=2
1
h( )
0.8

0.6

0.4 Ag
TiO2

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( )

Figure 5: Concentration profile for different Schmidt number Sc and n=0.8, Pr=0.4.

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Table 2 shows computational values of  f '' 0  and   ' 0  for Silver and Titanium nanoparticles with variant values for
 . From Table 2, it is obvious that the value of  f '' 0  is minimum at   0.5 for both nanofluids.
Table 2: Values of  f '' 0  and   ' 0  for different values of  when n  0 , B  0.57 , Pr  1 , m  0.2 and   1

 f '' 0    ' 0

Ag TiO2 Ag TiO2
  0 .0 -0.533520 -0.533520 -0.218094 -0.218094
  0 .1 -0.653093 -0.538567 -0.079664 -0.151505
  0 .2 -0.687521 -0.518982 -0.012281 -0.110205
  0 .3 -0.670509 -0.480918 +0.018859 -0.086213
  0 .4 -0.617635 -0.428794 +0.030694 -0.074227
  0 .5 -0.538562 -0.366611 +0.030617 -0.069463

V. CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, the consequences of MHD flow over a non-linearly stretching/shrinking sheet with Silver  Ag  and Titanium
TiO2  water nanofluid have been analyzed. The investigation is performed for variant mentioned parameters and some
conclusions are summarized as follow:

 For Silver  Ag  nanofluid, velocity decreases with the increment in  but for Titanium TiO2  nanofluid velocity
increases with the increment in  .
 The velocity profile decreases with the increases in value of M and again it tends to1.
 For fixed values of  , the temperature distribution of nanofluid enhance with enhancement in  ,
 The local Nusselt numbers are maximum for both Silver  Ag  and Titanium TiO2  nanofluids at   0.5 .
 As the Schmidth number increases the concentration profile increases to a certain level

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