1

Economic development of Singapore

 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 18)
 Lim Hak Tai, Art of the Young Malayans, 1955
 Ray Langenbach, Annotated Singapore Diary, 26 December 1993 - 17 May 1994, Art and Asia
Pacific, October 1994, Volume 1 Number 4

Homosexuality
 Ray Langenbach, Annotated Singapore Diary, 26 December 1993 - 17 May 1994, Art and Asia
Pacific, October 1994, Volume 1 Number 4
 Jimmy Ong in conversation with Shabbir Hussain Mustafa, 2014

History of Singapore
Pre-colonial:
 Chua Beng Huat, “Taking Group Rights Seriously: Multiracialism in Singapore” Working
Paper No.124, Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, October 2005.

Colonialism and post-colonial legacy:

 How East and West can live in accord, The Straits Times, 8 December 1952
 MacDonald Angers Empire Paper, The Straits Times, 29 August 1959
 Chua Beng Huat, “Taking Group Rights Seriously: Multiracialism in Singapore” Working
Paper No.124, Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, October 2005.

Independence:
 MacDonald Angers Empire Paper, The Straits Times, 29 August 1959
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 18)
 Dan Xiong, “Woguo yu Zhongguo zhi bie” [The difference between our country and
China], Nanyang Siang Pau. October 7, 1957
 2

Malayan art
Development of
External influences:
Regional
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 18)
 Convocation address given by the Chancellor, the Rt. Hon. Mr Malcolm
MacDonald, P.C., M.A., LL.D., D.Litt., The University of Malaya Gazette,
Vol. 1 No. 27., January 1959, p. 3-4

Chinese:
See under Chinese art

Western:
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 18)
 Fine exhibits in new gallery, The Straits Times, 8 April 1956, p. 3
 Kwok Kian Chow, Channels and Confluences (Singapore: Singapore
Art Museum, 1996) (Chapters 12 - 14)

Abstract expressionism:
 Michael Sullivan, A Short History of Chinese Art (London: Faber
and Faber, 1966) p. 264-265
 Kwok Kian Chow, Channels and Confluences (Singapore:
Singapore Art Museum, 1996) (Chapters 12 - 14)

Influence of local landscape and milieu:

 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 18)
 Michael Sullivan, Modern Chinese Art: The Khoan and Michael Sullivan
Collection (Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 2001)
 Lim Hak Tai, Art of the Young Malayans, 1955
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 11)
 Kwok Kian Chow, Channels and Confluences (Singapore: Singapore Art
Museum, 1996) (Chapters 12 - 14)

“Cultural desert”
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 18)
 Convocation address given by the Chancellor, the Rt. Hon. Mr Malcolm MacDonald,
P.C., M.A., LL.D., D.Litt., The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 27., January
1959, p. 3-4
 Lim Hak Tai, Art of the Young Malayans, 1955

Regional cultural centre, ambitions of being

 Plea for Chinese art gallery, The Free Press, Tuesday, January 4, 1949
 New Appeals for Cultural Centre, The Straits Times, 25 November 1949.
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 24., First Term 1958, p. 7
 Ray Langenbach, Annotated Singapore Diary, 26 December 1993 - 17 May 1994, Art
and Asia Pacific, October 1994, Volume 1 Number 4
 3

Malayan art (cont.)

History of:
1960s to 1980s:
 Kwok Kian Chow, Channels and Confluences (Singapore: Singapore Art Museum,
1996) (Chapters 12 - 14)

1980s:
 Jimmy Ong in conversation with Shabbir Hussain Mustafa, 2014

1990s:
 Ray Langenbach, Annotated Singapore Diary, 26 December 1993 - 17 May 1994,
Art and Asia Pacific, October 1994, Volume 1 Number 4

Malcolm MacDonald
 How East and West can live in accord, The Straits Times, 8 December 1952
 Extracts from the Convocation address delivered by the Chancellor, The Right
Honourable Malcolm MacDonald. PC, MA. LL. D, D Litt on the morning of 15th
October, 1955, The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 13., Michaelmas
Term 1955, p. 2-3
 MacDonald Angers Empire Paper, The Straits Times, 29 August 1959
 British Pathe, www.britishpathe.com
 Convocation address given by the Chancellor, the Rt. Hon. Mr Malcolm
MacDonald, P.C., M.A., LL.D., D.Litt., The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1
No. 27., January 1959, p. 3-4
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 16., Long Vacation and Michaelmas
Term 1956, p. 6-7,11

Michael Sullivan
 Booklet, Singapore Arts Festival, 1-8 April 1959, p. 33
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 12., Michaelmas Term 1955, p. 5
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 15., Trinity Term 1956, p. 3
 Michael Sullivan, Modern Chinese Art: The Khoan and Michael Sullivan Collection (Oxford:
Ashmolean Museum, 2001)
 Michael Sullivan, A Short History of Chinese Art (London: Faber and Faber, 1966) p. 264-265
 Michael Sullivan, The Meeting of Eastern and Western Art (California: University of California
Press, Berkley, 1989)
 Cecile Parrish, US art show at the varsity, The Straits Times, 10 May 1956
 Lloyd Morgan, “Give more thought to your rich cultural heritage”, Straits Times April 5, 1959.
 4

Multi-culturalism
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 7)
 Extracts from the Convocation address delivered by the Chancellor, The Right Honourable
Malcolm MacDonald. PC, MA. LL. D, D Litt on the morning of 15th October, 1955, The
University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 13., Michaelmas Term 1955, p. 2-3
 Convocation address given by the Chancellor, the Rt. Hon. Mr Malcolm MacDonald, P.C.,
M.A., LL.D., D.Litt., The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 27., January 1959, p. 3-4
 Lim Hak Tai, Art of the Young Malayans, 1955
 Michael Sullivan, The Meeting of Eastern and Western Art (California: University of California
Press, Berkley, 1989)
 Lloyd Morgan, “Give more thought to your rich cultural heritage”, Straits Times April 5, 1959.
 Kwok Kian Chow, Channels and Confluences (Singapore: Singapore Art Museum, 1996)
(Chapters 12 - 14)

Racial segregation
 Lloyd Morgan, “Give more thought to your rich cultural heritage”, Straits Times April
5, 1959.
 Chua Beng Huat, “Taking Group Rights Seriously: Multiracialism in Singapore”
Working Paper No.124, Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, October 2005.

Chinese art, traditional techniques of:

 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 7)
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 18)
 Fine exhibits in new gallery, The Straits Times, 8 April 1956, p. 3
 Michael Sullivan, A Short History of Chinese Art (London: Faber and Faber, 1966) p.
264-265
 New Appeals for Cultural Centre, The Straits Times, 25 November 1949.

Malay art
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 7)
 Sudar Majid. "The Malay Artist". The Singapore Artist, 1954

Indian art:
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963 (Chapter 7)
 Lee to open show of ancient and modern Indian art, The Straits Times, 2 September
1959.
 MacD’s gift to varsity: Sculptures, paintings for the art museum, The Straits Times,
14 June 1962
 5

Museums, local development of

 C.A. Gibson-Hill, Director Raffles Museum, Memo addressed to D.R.M. to P.S. (Education)
through P.S. (Culture), c. May 1960, responding to 1959 draft recommendations from
UNESCO to its member countries, addressed to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of
Education, titled “Most Effective Means of Rendering Museums Accessible to Everyone’.
 Marco Hsu, A Brief History of Malayan Art, 1963

University of Malaya museum

 Fine exhibits in new gallery, The Straits Times, 8 April 1956, p. 3
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 12., Michaelmas Term 1955, p. 5
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 16., Long Vacation and Michaelmas Term
1956, p. 6-7,11
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 15., Trinity Term 1956, p. 3
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 26., Third Term 1959, p. 7
 Michael Sullivan, Modern Chinese Art: The Khoan and Michael Sullivan Collection
(Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 2001)
 Art treasures on display, The Straits Times, 7 April 1959
 Lee to open show of ancient and modern Indian art, The Straits Times, 2 September
1959.
 MacD’s gift to varsity: Sculptures, paintings for the art museum, The Straits Times, 14
June 1962
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 24., First Term 1958, p. 7
 6

Politics,
Influence on cultural freedom
 Asian art leaders to discuss freedom, The Free Press, Monday, December 13, 1954
 ‘Political freedom will stimulate art’, The Straits Times, 10 March 1955

Censorship:
 Ray Langenbach, Annotated Singapore Diary, 26 December 1993 - 17 May 1994,
Art and Asia Pacific, October 1994, Volume 1 Number 4

Chinese politics:
Malayan Chinese loyalties
 How East and West can live in accord, The Straits Times, 8 December 1952
 Wang Gungwu, “Chinese Politics in Malaya,” China Quarterly, no. 43 (July
– September 1970), pp. 4 – 5.
 Michael Sullivan, A Short History of Chinese Art (London: Faber and Faber,
1966) p. 264-265
 Dan Xiong, “Woguo yu Zhongguo zhi bie” [The difference between our
country and China], Nanyang Siang Pau. October 7, 1957

Communism in China:
 How East and West can live in accord, The Straits Times, 8 December
1952
 Wang Gungwu, “Chinese Politics in Malaya,” China Quarterly, no. 43
(July – September 1970), pp. 4 – 5.
 Ray Langenbach, Annotated Singapore Diary, 26 December 1993 - 17
May 1994, Art and Asia Pacific, October 1994, Volume 1 Number 4

China, rise to power:

 Wang Gungwu, “Chinese Politics in Malaya,” China Quarterly, no. 43
(July – September 1970), pp. 4 – 5.
 Michael Sullivan, A Short History of Chinese Art (London: Faber and
Faber, 1966) p. 264-265
 7

University of Malaya
 Extracts from the Convocation address delivered by the Chancellor, The Right Honourable
Malcolm MacDonald. PC, MA. LL. D, D Litt on the morning of 15th October, 1955, The
University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 13., Michaelmas Term 1955, p. 2-3
 British Pathe, www.britishpathe.com
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 12., Michaelmas Term 1955, p. 5
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 16., Long Vacation and Michaelmas Term 1956,
p. 6-7,11
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 15., Trinity Term 1956, p. 3
 New Appeals for Cultural Centre, The Straits Times, 25 November 1949.

Art history and archaeology

 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 12., Michaelmas Term 1955, p. 5
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 16., Long Vacation and Michaelmas
Term 1956, p. 6-7,11
 The University of Malaya Gazette, Vol. 1 No. 15., Trinity Term 1956, p. 3

University of Malaya museum

See under museums