(i) What is a novel?

Ans. A novel is a long narrative, which describes fictional characters and events in the form of a
sequential story.

(ii) What is Fielding's concept of novel?

Ans. He defined it as the "comic epic-poem in prose"

(iii) Write the names of four novels of Fielding.

Ans. Joseph Andrews, Jonathan Wild, Tom Jones and Amelia.

(iv) What is the purpose of the Author's Preface in 'Joseph Andrews'?

Ans. The purpose is to define and defend his chosen genre, "comic-epic poem in prose".

(vii) Define digression.

Ans. A digression is a temporary shift to the main topic.

(viii) What is the purpose of digression in 'Joseph Andrews'?

Ans. There are three main interpolated tales in the novel. Fielding employs a variety of tactics to make
the stories more believable.

(ix) Define the narrator?

Ans. A narrator is the voice that an author takes on to tell a story.

(x) Define burlesque.

Ans. Burlesque is a literary, dramatic or musical work intended to cause laughter

(xi) What is bildungsroman?

Ans. Bildungsroman is a special kind of novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of
its main character from his or her youth to adulthood.

(xiii) What are the major themes of 'Joseph Andrews'?

Ans. The power of goodness, charity and religion, town and country, class and birth, reality verses
appearance, providence, affection, hypocrisy, and chastity.

(i) Write the names of four novels of Jane Austen.

Ans. Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey and
Persuasion.

(ii) What was the original title for the novel 'Pride and Prejudice'.

Ans. The novel was first titled "First Impressions".

(iii) Write the first line of the novel 'Pride and Prejudice'.

Ans. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be
in want of wife.
 (v) Why is Elizabeth so anxious to distrust Mr. Darcy at the start of the novel?

Ans. Because The first impression of Mr. Darcy is a sign of arrogance and pride.

(vi) Why does Elizabeth refuse to marry Collins?

Ans. because she does not love him. Moreover, he is an idiot.

(vii) Why was Elizabeth upset at her meeting with Darcy at Pemberley House?

Ans. because she began to love him. She was surprised to hear about the good nature of Darcy.

(viii) Why is Darcy attracted by Elizabeth?

Ans. he is attracted by Elizabeth's eyes, wit and intelligence.

(xi) Why does Darcy's proposal make Elizabeth angry?

Ans. Darcy tells her in the proposal that he does not want to be in love with her, because of their
class differences. Thus Darcy's first proposal make Elizabeth angry.

(ix) How do Elizabeth Bennet's ideas on marriage differ from her society's?

Ans. Elizabeth wants to marry someone she actually loves and respects, and not just for a good name
or money.

(x) Write a note on Georgiana.

Ans. Georgiana is Darcy's younger sister. She is pretty and just as shy. She has great skill at playing the
pianoforte. She has great affection for her brother.

(xi) In which ways is Elizabeth different from the rest of the Bennet family?

Ans. Elizabeth is judgmental and that she speaks out what she wants and what she knows. She is the
only character who changes significantly over the course of the story.

(xii) How has Meryton community been described in 'Pride and Prejudice'?

Ans. Meryton is a little village. The people in Meryton are middle-class and every woman is in search
of a man to ensure social stability.

(xiii) How did Wickham agree to marry Lydia?

Ans. Wickham agreed to marry Lydia because Mr. Dacry agreed to pay off all his debts and pay him
thousands pounds.

(i) What were the conditions in France that led to the revolution?

Ans. economic hardships, the rise of ideals, food scarcity, and American influence.

(ii) What is Dickens' attitude towards the French Revolution?

Ans. Dickens regards the French Revolution. He seems to support the revolutionary cause but also
condemns the way the Revolution is conducted.
 (iii) Interpret 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times...'.

Ans. It means that the time period was filled with great contradictions and from good to bad.

(iv) What is Bastille? What is its significance?

Ans. The Bastille was a fortress in Paris. Most of its history was uses as a state prison by the kings of
France.

(v) Why the Bastille was attacked by the mob?

Ans. The Bastille was a prison where the French government kept its political prisoners.

(vi) What is the significance of Hotel De Ville?

Ans. The Hotel De Ville is a building in Paris, housing the city's local administration. It was where the
government took prisoners to be tortured.

(vii) Write a short note on Tellson's Bank.

Ans. Tellson's Bank near Temple Bar was an old-fashioned place. It was a very small, very dark, very
ugly, and very uncomfortable. The partners who ran the bank were old-fashioned too.

(viii) What does the red wine symbolize in 'A Tale of Two Cities'?

Ans. The red wine symbolizes the blood in Revolution.

(ix) What is the people's reaction to the broken wine cask?

Ans. People's reaction is to get on the ground and lick the wine as it flows on the ground.

(x) How is 'honour' defined in 'A Tale of Two Cities'?

Ans.There are multiple versions of honour in the novel. However, the most effective is that a person
has honour who stands up for what is right and is willing to sacrifice all for the betterment of others.

(xi) Who is Madam Defarge?

Ans. Madam Defarge is a fictional character in the novel. She is a tireless worker for the French
Revolution, and the wife of Ernest Defarge. She is one of the main villains of the novel.

(xii) What is the significance of Madame Defarge pinning a rose in her hair?

Ans. It is a signal that a spy is nearby and the revolutionaries must watch what they say.

(xiii) Why is Madame Defarge so merciless towards Charles and his family?

Ans. because Charles' family has killed her family.

(xiv) How and by whom Madame Defarge was killed?

Ans. In a scuffle with Miss Pross, Madame Defarge was killed by a bullet from her own gun.

(xv) What is the slogan of the revolutionaries in "A Tale of Two Cities?

Ans. The slogan of the revolutionaries is "Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death".

 (i) Write the names of four novels of George Eliot.

Ans. Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner, Romola, Felix Holt.

(ii) What does the Floss symbolize in 'The Mill on the Floss'?

Ans. River Floss stands for the cause of ruin for the Tullivers.

(iii) What purpose does animal imagery serve in 'The Mill on the Floss'?

Ans. Tom and Maggie are associated with animal imagery. The imagery is usually of farm-type animals.

(iv) What is the symbolic importance of music in 'The Mill on the Floss'?

Ans. Music represents the better life. This sort of "musical" life is one of deep emotion and energy.

(v) What are George Eliot's views on education?

Ans. She shows that education should be adapted to the individual's talent.

(vi) What are the major themes of 'The Mill on the Floss'?

Ans. Loss of innocence, the difficulty of choice, the importance of sympathy, the effect of society upon
the individual, communal verses individual interests, gender disparity and love.

(vii) Interpret 'The happiest women, like the happiest nations, have no history'.

Ans. It points that happiness fades away one's past or history. The happiest nations enjoy themselves
with their present.

(viii) Interpret 'I desire no future that will break the ties of the past'.

Ans. In this line Maggie sums up her views on the role of the past in her life and in her choices.

(ix) Who is Maggie Tulliver?

Ans. Maggie Tulliver is the protagonist of the novel "The Mill on the Floss". She is the intelligent, clever
and emotionally sensitive daughter of a country mill-owner. Her closest tie is to her brother Tom.

(x) What sort of commitments does Maggie feel she has broken when she elopes with
Stephen?

Ans. Maggie thinks that she has proved false to Lucy. She feels guilty that her elopement will also hurt
her lover, Philip.

(xi) What is the significance of Maggie's sewing?

Ans. Maggie's sewing shows that she has been in financial difficulty.

(xvi) Who is Tom Tulliver?

Ans. Tom Tulliver is the Tullivers' older son. He has affection for his sister Maggie, but he dislikes her
way of doing what she wants.
 (i) Why has Hardy divided 'Tess of the d'Urbevilles' in 'Phases'?

Ans. Hardy has divided "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" into seven large sections called 'phases'. The 'phases'
mark the major points of her emotional and spiritual growth.

(ii) What is the setting of the novel 'Tess of the d'Urbevilles'?

Ans. Most of the action takes place in the late 19th Century in England in the country of Wessex. The
other places include Marlott, Curitiba, and Salisbury.

(iii) In which village the novel 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' starts?

Ans. Thomas Hardy starts from the village of Marlott.

(iv) What are the major symbols in 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles'?

Ans. Prince the horse, seal and spoon, Brazil, red and white, club-walking and cows.

(v) What are the major themes of 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles'?

Ans. The injustice of existence, changing ideas of social class, men dominating women, fate and free
will, nature and modernity, Christianity, contrasting regions, marriage, time and sex.

(vi) What is foreshadowing?

Ans. Foreshadowing is a literary device in which a writer gives and advance hint of what is come later
in the story.

(vii) Why did contemporary critics think that 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' was 'immoral'?

Ans. the sexiness in the novel made is 'immoral' in critics eyes.

(xii) Who is Tess?

Ans. Tess is the heroine and moral centre of the novel "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" by Hardy. She is
young, innocent, and uneducated -- unaware that the world is full with lust, cruelty, and vanity.

(xiii) Why is it difficult for Tess to reject Alec outright when he asks her to become his mistress?

Ans. because Alec can offer economic security, not only for Tess but her family as well.

(xiv) Who causes more destruction to Tess, Alec or Angel? Why?

Ans. Angel causes more destruction to Tess. Angel knows right from wrong. Alex is an idiot.