A Concise Encyclopzedia of Psychological Astrology Together with Observations on the Astrological Characteristics of about Fifty Diseases, and an Introductory Essay on the Zodiacal Signs from the Stndpoint of Biology and Psychology BY CHARLES E. O. CARTER, B.A.Loxp. BARRISTER-AT-LAW President of the Aurological Lodge, T.8, Presented to tha Librery of The Pharanya Vidya Bhavan, by Late Shrt Hisalal Amritlal Shak, Bombay. LONDON: W. FOULSHAM & CO. LTD. — to & 11 RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C46 FOREWORD : like to point out that I have not intended to prove my assertions by sheer weight of cases, which would only swell the bulk and price of the book without adequate justifica- tion. [have rather sought to give one or two good examples drawn, where possible, from eagily accessible and reliable sources, such as the nativitics of royalty. T have, of course, presumed in my reader a knowledge of the elements of astrological practice, merely appending notes where I have deviated slightly in my view from current teaching, or where this latter is not explicit. Some reference might perhaps at this point be made to the study of the local zodiacal influences which are fre- quently mentioned herein, Even from the earliest times certain parts of the Zodiac, usually identified in action with nebulz or fixed stars, have been considered to possess peculiar powers. Medieval writers also published Hsts of degrees to which they assigned special names and qualities, such as azimene, pitted, smoky. Later on Alan Leo published the Charubel ” and *“La Volasfera ” delinea- tions of degree-influences, the one certainly and the other probably, based upon clairvoyant investigations, and of little or no scientific value. Recently Mr. Duncan Mac- naughton has published, in the pages of ‘ Modern Astrology,” numerous articles dealing largely with degree- influences, treated in pairs of opposites—o® Aries-Libra, and so on—and it is now widely held that the study of the individual characters of the degrees is one of the most promising fields of astrological research. My own investigations in this direction, while stimulated by Mr. Macnaughton’s valuable work, are the result of original study. £ am not prepared to say whether the influences in question are inhcrent in the degree, or for some reason originate in a wider zodiacal ares. In some instances the peculiarity seems very local ; in others much more extensive. In some cases it seems to derive jrom one degree only; in others, from a pair of opposite degrees; in others again, from the corresponding degrees in the four signs of the Quadruplicity. In any event, the reality andFOREWORD 7 value of these Iocal effects are beyond question, alihough our knowledge of them is in its infancy. I wish farther to mention that [ have from time to time referred to the current terms of modern psychology, the connection of which with g work of this sort is sufficiently obvious. Personally, however, I am averse from the adoption by astrologers of the terminology of other schools of thought, The scope of Astrology is so much wider than those of all other sciences, not excepting even meta- physics, that we should mamtain and develop our own nomenclature in unison with the growth of our astrological conceptions. Finally, let me express my indebtedness, obvious though it is, to" A Thousand and One Nativities.” Al] horescopes that I have here given without data are to be found in that valuable work, CHARLES E O CARTER 1923Suggestions and criticisms, especially if ii the fatter case accompanied by data, wall be nelcomed, and may be addrassed . to the Author, c/o the Publishers.AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY UPON THE ZODIACAL SIGNS FROM THE STANDPOINTS OF BIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY Tue Astrologer is fortunate in the pursuit of his studies to find himself confronted at the outset with certain ultimate factors, which, handed down from the past, satisfy alike by their logical completeness and their agrec- ‘ment with the facts of Nature. These ultimates are, so to speak, presented to him, and his task thenceforward consists in secking to understand them as principles governing the whole of manifested Nature within our Solar System, at least as seen from our Earth. He traces their mingled influences working through the forms of life around him, great and small alike, and the solution of his problems becomes at once easter and more complete when it is deduced from these fundamental ideas. These ultimate factors are the Luminaries and the Planets, the Zodiacal Signs and the Mundane Houses. T omit reference to the Fiscd Stars and Comets, which are little used m Natal Astrology and less comprehended. Now in a brief essay I consider it most convenient to seek an understanding of the Sigus rather than of the Planets. The latter are double in manifestation, that is, they operate positively and negatively, and their influence can never in any case reach us in its simple nature, but must pass through the Signs and be coloured by them and by mustual aspects. On the other hand, each Sign has one unchanging influence which can to some extent at least be studied apart from intervening media, as, for example; whqn a Sign rises and the ascending degree is unaspected, , The Mundane Houses are merely terrestrial equivalents 9ro THE ZODIACAL SIGNS of the celestial Signs and for present purposes they may almost be regarded as simple reflections of the latter. I purpose to explain how I conceive the action of the Signs to operate from the standpoint of Biology, or the survival of physical life and itydevelopment, From that I shall seek to trace the corresponding psychological mani- festations, which are, indeed, invelved in the biological facts, but in the nature of things are Icss concrete and by most people less easily apprehended. Now the twelve Signs may be said to derive their character from (a) their Ruler ; {8) their Triplicity ; (¢} their Quadruplicity, and possibly (¢) from their respective individual natures, if they possess such, as distinct from what is resultant from the mingling of the other three. Omitting for reasons stated the discussion of (a), let ts now ¢xamine the meaning of the Triplicities, which are named after the four medieval elements, with which they have a symbolic, and, for that matter, a real connection. The Quadruplicities are of less importance and are more easily understood. They do not represent things, but modes of manifestation. The Cardinal relate to physical activity: the Fixed to Feeling, and the Mutable to Thought, but there is a constant interplay between the ree, Reverting to the Tripiicities, let us first consider FIRE. This undoubtedly corresponds to the manifestation of Life, considered as an outgoing energy born into the world of inorganic nature and therein seeking to maintain itself. The character of the Fiery Signs exhibits the extreme of positivity; and, like Fire, may be destructive of them- selves and others. There is exuberance of anime! spirits, love of pleasure, courage, optimism, the will to live and to enjoy Hfe. Under affliction this force, exactly like artual fire, becomes uncontrolled and the native is turbulent, given to exaggeration and extravagance, passionate and reckless; over-confident and self-indulgent. But if Tire is absent from the nativity the native is defective in spiritTHE ZODIACAL SIGNS Iz and joie de vivre, without enthusiasm, and what is known as humdrum. Aries is the representative of unqualified Life; he is the extreme of self-assertion, vigorous, bold and rogardless of consequences. He manifgsts the extreme of positivity towards the environment, ignoring obstacles and fighting down opposition. Leo shows the first biological necessity to survival, i.e. the power of Repreduction. The exuberant life flows over and is spent in pleasure, enterprise and procreation. Psychologically this manifests through the feclings, and we get warmth of heart, or, under affliction, conceit and vain-glory. Sagittarius represents another necessity to survival. Mere reproduction would entail an evolutionary standstill, but under this Sign we find Variation; Itfe branches out into new varieties and species. Fire, however, may always be destructive, even in the Jovian Sign Sagittarius, and the birth of new species means the gradual supersession of old types. Psychologically the progressiveness of the Sign shows as Hope, reaching forward into the future ; in mental speculations ; and in religion and philosophy The belief in immortality is typically Sagittanan. WATER, which we will next consider, since at is linked in meaning with Fire, as 1s shown by the common rulers (Sun-Moon, Jupiter, and Mars, each with a fiery and watery Sign), represents the negative and less fortunate aspect of life, and yet a necessary one. Fire, as we have seen, is active, forceful and self-reliant, and these characteristics unchecked would lead to their own extinction. A man hterally without fear would soon Kill himself by his own lack of prudence. This we see to a certain extent in the nativities of those who have ay excess of the fiery element and no sufficient counteragent, The headlong folkes of the primitive Arietic native are well known, and often occasion his ruin. Hgnee the Triplicity of Water is necessary. As Fire is concerned with the showing-lorfh of Life, so Water is12 THE ZODIACAL SIGNS concerned with its preservation from its enemies, Bio- logically it bestows a strong instinct for self-preservation ; psychologically this manifests as timidity, caution, wari- ness, suspicion, prevision, and so on. These traits do not necessarily operate selfishly in the narrow sense, for the mother—typical of the Watery Triplicity—will sacrifice herself for her offspring, and the more evolved types are self-sacrificing for even wider objects, Essentially, how- ever, the motive is the same—the preservation of life. Hence the hatred of war characterising most women. It is easy to sce that this instinct, when exaggerated, easily becomes hostile to life, just as we have seen of Fire, Fear devitalises us; excessive timidity in the face of danger may cause disaster where valour would win through, This explains the forbidding names bestawed by carly astrologers on the 4th, Sth, and rzth Houses, and such catastrophes (serving no doubt a true biological purpose in the background) as earthquakes, plague, war, floods, are tuled by the Watery Trigon. It is of special interest that mental deficiency is asso- ciated with Water afflictions in the 3rd House, either by Sign or planet, and biologically idiocy is said to be a means of getting rid of undesirable types, by stopping reproduction. Water possesses, in virtue of its extreme sensitiveness, another valuable asset: it readily enters into the feelings of others, and can therefore help the preservation of life by assuming the rdle of the sympathetic and helpful friend, as well as the cunning enemy, aware instinctively of his opponent’s weaknesses, This beneficent side of Water is shown by the exsaltations of the benefics in Cancer and Pisces, while the other aspect is shown by Mars, miler of Scorpio. It is worthy of note that the 4th and rath Houses re- present respectively the Home, and Places of Retirement {such as monasteries and asylums}, while Death itself 1s a forya of retreat from Life, especially in the case of suicide. But Scorpio must be regarded as far more positive in its protective action than Cancer or Pisces ; protection, even. THE ZODIACAL SIGNS t3 self-protection, cannot always be a flight, as we have observed, and Scorpio readily takes up arms to defend himself and others. But he is not aggressive, like Aries, although if he remains too long repressed or harbours passive resentments, the @sychological results‘may be considerable to himself. Water apparently represents the physical sensations ensuing on stimulation from the external world, and the moods and feelings, at first instinctive and primitive, that follow the physical sensation, such as the pleasurable mood that an animal may be assumed to experience before the fire. As evolution procceds these moods become more complex and often taken on an ethical value, as when moral indignation, as well as ordinary anger, may ensue Trom an unjust attack. Let us now consider EARTH. Briefly, this clement furnishes the nourishment for the flame of the Fiery Signs. Life is not self-sustaining ; it must have that upon which te draw, and SUPPLY is the keynote of Taurus, Virgo, and Capricom. Just as Aries shows life per se, so Taurus and the 2nd House show supply pure and simple in the form of food, money and property. In this respect the exaltation of the Moon, chief ruler of the self-protective Watery Trigon, in Taurus is full of meaning. Psychologically it shows Anxiety stilled in Content, As Taurus follows Aries, so Virgo follows Leo. Pleasure is maintained by Toil; the Love of Leo could not manifest could it not, through Virgo, perform services for the be- loved. ‘Taurus represents an instinctive utilisation of Nature; Virgo analyses and seeks to understand its processes, and uses them not only for food, but for other purposes whach safeguard and improve hfe, as, for example, in} the medical art. This desire to manipulate Nature makes the native of Virgo patient, careful, and discerning, but, under affliction, fussyand meticulous because others interfere, ar seam, to interfere, with his adjustments.14 THE ZODIACAL SIGNS Lastly, Capricorn follows Sagittarius, and shows the power not only to understand and analyse Nature, but to dominate and organise its processes, synthesising them in a form of government. Hence the exaltation of Mars in Capricorn, denoting the lifeeforce dominant over its environment, Mentally, Sagittarius founds its hopes and speculations upon the hard facts of Capricorn. Thus in a sense Larth both sustains and Imits Fire, just as man’s activity is conditioned by his moncy,, health, and credit. Psychologically Earth gives a sense of Concrete Reality without which a Pirson must of necessity Lack all mental ballast and become a visionary, a child of sensation or an idealogue, according to the prevailing Triplicity and planetary influences. Thus far we have been concerned with factors which act upon all organic life, although Fire is more manifest in the animal than in the vegetable kingdom. AIR, however, is distinctly related to the Intellect and is only fully manifest in human beings. Its essentially biological values seem to lic in the use of the mind to preserve and improve life, and, more particularly, in the principle of co-operation. This may be seen in gregarious animals, but it is most obvious when it is set in operation consciously by mankind. Indced, man owes his supremacy upon the globe to his conscious and unconscious recognition of its value. The rulership of the three Airy Houses over Kin, Partners, and Friends illustrates the co-operative nature of Air, and if we regard the meanings of the Signs in terms of mind, from the observation of facts denoted by the quick-eyed Gernini through their collation in the calm and impartial Libra and their final organisation into a Science, or systematised body of knowledge, in Aquarius, we still see the essentially co-operative nature of the process. «One truth cannot be understood in isolation from the general corpus of knowledge ; it is perceived to be true by reason of its being capable of adjustment to other truths, and the aim of Science is nothing more than the establishment cfTHE ZODIACAL SIGNS 15 + such relationships upon an ever wider scale. Gemini, indeed, sometimes lays itself open to the accusation, in popular language, of failing to sec the wood because of the trees, or, in other words, trying to isolate facts from their contest. But this is a faulsy action of the influence of the Sign analogous with broken marriage-ties and quarrels among friends which may result from afflictions in Libra or Aquarius. Air is opposed to Fire in the Zodiac. Fire is strongly individual and acts upon its environment; Air is pliant and penetrating, and, especially in Libra, exemplifies the principle of Adaptation of which Aries is the antithesis. As the latter strives to destroy hostile circumstances, 50 Libra is always ready to effect a compromise, even at the loss of its own individuality. Aquarius gladly sinks its own interests for the common weal, and Gemini, though often selfish, is yet adaptable: Mercury ig styled the convertible planet. This adaptability of Airis very deflerent from the negativity of Water, which absorbs from others, and may give way to them, but never impents its in- dividuality. We can now sec why afflictions to Libra or Venus, or, indeed, to any of the Airy Signs, cause some form of maladjustment or disharmony, either actual quarrels, or an inner discord in mind or emotions On the other hand, denefic influences cause content and peace. We may now attempt to summarise the natures of the Signs in a tabular form :— FIRE. The Self is felt as a projection of the Life- principle into Nature and acting wpon it. The action is Positive. (a) Aries. Self-assertion; Courage; the Will to . Be. {&) Leo. Self-manifestation ; Strength of Sout: the Will to ‘Augment Being. (e} Sagittarius. Self- ‘development ; Hope; the Wall to improve Being,16 THE ZODIACAL SIGNS WATER. The Self, projected into Nature, is conceived as likely to suffer and need protection from it. The attitude is Negative. (a Cancer. Self-preservation; Prudence inaction. (€) Scorpio. Self-diseiptine ; Strength to endure. U) Pisces. Self-abnegation; Resignation; mental and emotional adaptation. EARTH, Nature is seen as a field for the manifestation of Life and as providing a pabulum for it. This is at first instinctively felt and acted upon. (g} Taurus. Awareness of Nature as a concrete reatity, which may be utilised but cannot be ignored. Practicality. ‘The Fixed Signs being predomi- . nantly emotional, there is a love of Nature, but more specially in its less wild aspects. (h} Virgo. “Mental interest in Nature as a means fo an end; its utilisation and manipulation in detail. | {} Capricorn. The desire to dominate and organise . Nature ; ambition. The above Triplicities operate largely instinctively; Air is predominantly self-conscious. Fire, Earth, and Water are instinctively egoistic, but in the evolutionary process tend to identify the personal self with wider and wider groups, i.e. famly, race, party, nation, etc. Air is largely impersonal. AIR, Nature is perceived as something to be under~ stood, as well a5 utilised, the utiderstanding being, in fact, the condition for its complete utibsation. Hence the joint- rulership of Mercury, Venus, and Saturn over the Earth and Air Triplicities. {jy Gemini. Awareness of isolated facts; matter- of-factness.