Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CCIP-008
CI/Sfb
UDC
624.04
CCIP-008
Published July 2006
ISBN 1-904818-38-2
Price Group O
© The Concrete Centre
CCIP-008
Published July 2006
ISBN 1-904818-38-2
Price Group O
© The Concrete Centre
User Guide v1 published by the British Cement Association on behalf of the Reinforced Concrete Council.
User Guide v2 published electronically by The Concrete Centre.
CCIP publications are produced by The Concrete Society on behalf of the Cement and Concrete Industry
Publications Forum – an industry initiative to publish technical guidance in support of concrete design
and construction.
CCIP publications are available from the Concrete Bookshop at www.concretebookshop.com
Tel: +44 (0)7004 607777
All advice or information from The Concrete Centre is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of
its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting
from such advice or information is accepted by the Concrete Centre or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Readers should
note that The Concrete Centre publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in
possession of the latest version.
Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
GENERAL NOTES 3
SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110 17
Elements 19
Analysis 35
Slabs 38
Beams 72
Columns 113
Walls 125
Stairs 139
Foundations 146
Tabular versions 158
ii
iii
Introduction
The RC spreadsheets were originally produced under the Eurocode 2 parts 1-1 and 1-2 together with their UK National
Reinforced Concrete Council’s project, ‘Spreadsheets for concrete Annexes have now been published. Students and both
design to BS 8110 and EC2’. They were released in January 2000 inexperienced and experienced engineers will all need to grasp
and have been maintained and extended by the RCC and its an understanding of design to this code. There are differences
successor The Concrete Centre. They continue to be supported between EC2 and BS 8110. The spreadsheets should help with
by The Concrete Centre. the transition.
In recognition of the new and updated spreadsheets made Whilst the spreadsheets to BS 8110 provide a consensus of current
available as part of the version 2.x issue, it was decided to revise commercial reinforced concrete design practice, the spreadsheets
(but not publish) the second edition of the User Guide. to Eurocode 2, provide a consensus of design proceedures to this
new design code. The introduction of Eurocode 2 will provide
The introduction of Eurocode 2[3], its National Annex and commercial opportunities for those who are prepared to use it.
Amd of BS 8110:1997[2] has necessitated the revision of all the
spreadsheets and publication of version 3 of the User Guide. This It is believed that both novices and experienced users of
third edition of the User Guide provides guidance on the use of all spreadsheets will be convinced that spreadsheets have a great
spreadsheets produced to date (July 2006). potential for teaching BS 8110 and Eurocode 2, improving
concrete design and, above all, improving the concrete design
For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets allow the and construction process. The spreadsheets to Eurocode 2 should
rapid production of clear and accurate design calculations. The help all engineers to familiarise themselves with the details of this
spreadsheets allow younger users to understand concrete design new design code.
and help them to gain experience by studying their own ‘what if’
scenarios. The individual user should be able to answer his/ her
own questions by chasing through the cells to understand the
logic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can be interrogated and
Version 2.x
can have their formulae checked and values traced. The original The version 2.x released in 2003[3] introduced new spreadsheets
spreadsheets reflected a consensus of opinion on several design to BS 8110, to the more finalised EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) and
issues. The version 3 Eurocode 2 spreadsheets reflect a consensus an overarching menu spreadsheet. Previously issued spreadsheets
of opinion of a limited number of engineers. Students and young to BS 8110 were updated.
engineers may follow the ‘model’ calculations presented in the
spreadsheets to form an understanding of current reinforced The new spreadsheets introduced were:
concrete design.
■ Menu
The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal design practice
and cater for the design of low- to medium-rise multi-storey BS 8110
concrete framed buildings. They are offered as shareware.
However, users are required to register when using them in ■ RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs
any commercial capacity. Registration is through The Concrete ■ RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs
Bookshop (07004 607777 and www.concretebookshop.com). ■ RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams
■ RCC43 Wide Beams (A&D)
The original project was jointly funded by the RCC and the
Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions ■ RCC54 Circular Column Design
(DETR) under its Partners in Technology scheme. It was made ■ RCC82 Pilecap Design
possible by the support and contributions of time given by
individual members of industry. The project was managed by the
RCC and guided by an 80-strong Advisory Group of interested Eurocode 2
parties, including consulting engineers and software houses. ■ RCCen11 Element Design
■ RCCen12 Bending and Axial Force
In producing the original spreadsheets several issues had to be
addressed. Firstly, which spreadsheet package should be used? ■ RCCen13 Punching Shear
Excel (© Microsoft Corporation) appeared to hold about 70% of ■ RCCen14 Crack Width
the market amongst structural engineers and was thus adopted. ■ RCCen21 Subframe analysis
More specifically, Excel ’97© was originally adopted as being de
■ RCCen31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D)
facto the most widely available spreadsheet in the field. To avoid
complications, it was decided not to produce corresponding ■ RCCen31R Rigorous* One-way Solid Slabs
versions using other spreadsheet packages. The spreadsheets are ■ RCCen32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D)
compatible with later versions of Excel.
Version 3
The release of version 3 of the spreadsheets follows the
publication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2)[3] and the UK
National Annex and the publication of Amendment 3 to BS
8110 Part 1: 1987[2]. The requirements within these documents
necessitated the revision of all previously published spreadsheets.
The opportunity has been taken to introduce new spreadsheets
as follows:
BS 8110
■ RCC82 Pilecap Design
Eurocode 2
■ TCC33X Flat Slabs (Whole floor)
■ TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams
■ TCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs and Beams (A&D) (β version)
■ TCC43 Wide Beams (A&D)
■ TCC54 Circular Column Charting
■ TCC71 Stair Flight and Landing - single
■ TCC81 Foundation Pads
■ TCC82 Pilecap Design
General notes
■ The limitations of the program may not be sufficiently
Managing the spreadsheets apparent to the user.
■ For unusual structures, even experienced engineers may not
Use have the ability to spot weaknesses in programs for analysis
and detailing
Spreadsheets can be a very powerful tool. Their use has become
increasingly common in the preparation of design calculations. The committee’s report continued: “Spreadsheets are, in principle,
They save time, money and effort. They provide the facility to no different from other software…” With regard to these
optimise designs and they can help instill experience. However, spreadsheets and this publication, The Concrete Centre hopes to
these benefits have to be weighed against the risks associated have addressed more specific concerns by demonstrating “clear
with any endeavour. These risks must be recognised and evidence of adequate verification” by documenting the principles,
managed. In other words appropriate levels of supervision and theory and algorithms used in the spreadsheets. The spreadsheets
checking, including self-checking, must, as always, be exercised have also had the benefit of the Advisory Group’s overview and
when using these spreadsheets. inputs. Many, especially the spreadsheets to BS 8110, have had
several years use and maintenance. Inevitably, some unconscious
assumptions, inconsistencies, etc.[9] will remain.
Advantages
For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets help in the Liability
rapid production of clear and accurate design calculations for
reinforced concrete elements. The contents are intended to be A fundamental condition of use Is that the user accepts
sufficient to allow the design of low to medium-rise multi-storey responsibility for the input and output of the computer and how
concrete framed buildings. it is used.
Spreadsheets allow users to gain experience by studying their As with all software, users must be satisfied with the answers
own ‘what if’ scenarios. Should they have queries, individual these spreadsheets give and be confident in their use. These
users should be able to answer their own questions by chasing spreadsheets can never be fully validated but have been through
through the cells to understand the logic used. Cells within each Beta testing, both formally and informally. The BS 8110 versions
spreadsheet can be interrogated, formulae checked and values have been used for several years and as a result of feedback they
traced. Macleod[7] suggested that, in understanding structural have been updated to address known errors. However, users
behaviour, doing calculations is probably not a great advantage; must satisfy themselves that the uses to which the spreadsheets
being close to the results probably is. are put are appropriate.
Other benefits include quicker and more accurate reinforcement This is especially true with the spreadsheets to Eurocode 2. While
estimates, and the possibilities for electronic data interchange the Eurocode 2 versions have been through Beta testing, they
(EDI) Already, bending schedules derived from spreadsheets are have not yet been used in anger. Also, Eurocode 2 is a completely
the basis of some EDI and the control of bar-bending machines. new code to most designers and so there is little experience of
Standardised, or at least rationalised, designs make the checking design to this standard.
process easier and quicker.
Control
Appropriate use
Users and managers should be aware that spreadsheets can be
In its deliberations{8} the Standing Committee on Structural changed and must address change control and versions for use.
Safety (SCOSS) noted the increasingly wide-spread availability The flexibility and ease of use of spreadsheets, which account
of computer programs and circumstances in which their misuse for their widespread popularity, also facilitate ad hoc and
could lead to unsafe structures. unstructured approaches to their subsequent development.
These circumstances include: Quality Assurance procedures may dictate that spreadsheets are
■ People without adequate structural engineering knowledge or treated as controlled documents and subject to comparison and
training may carry out the structural analysis. checks with previous methods prior to adoption. Users’ Quality
■ There may be communication gaps between the design Assurance schemes should address the issue of changes. The
initiator, the computer program developer and the user. possibilities of introducing a company’s own password to the
spreadsheets and/ or extending the revision history contained
■ A program may be used out of context.
within the sheet entitled Notes! might be considered.
■ The checking process may not be sufficiently fundamental.
The spreadsheets have been developed with the ability for users
Element design
to input and use their own preferred material properties, bar sizes The element design spreadsheets illustrate the basic principles
and spacings, etc. However, user preferences should recognise of reinforced concrete design from input material properties,
moves for efficiency through standardisation. dimensions, moments, shears and axial loads, etc. They form the
basis of element design used in succeeding spreadsheets. The
Another long-term objective is automation. To this end, moments, shears and axial loads used should be derived from
spreadsheet contents might in future be arranged so that input separate analysis (e.g. hand calculations, sub-frame analysis
and output can be copied and pasted easily by macros and/ or spreadsheet or other analysis package). For further explanation
linked by the end-user. There are counter arguments about users the user is referred to BS 8110, BS EN 1992-1-1 or a number of
needing to be closer to the calculations and results in order to standard reference works[11, 12 , 13] .
ensure they are properly considered – see Appropriate use above.
We emphasise that it is up to the user how he/ she uses the Tabular design
output. The spreadsheets have been produced to cater for both
first-time users and the very experienced without putting the The tabular design spreadsheets use Tables 3.12 and 3.5 from BS
first-time user off. Nonetheless, their potential applications are 8110: Part 1 to automate the derivation of design moments and
innumerable. shears. However, the use of these tables is restricted for slabs.
BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.5.2.4, restricts the use of Table 3.12 to
where:
Summary ■ In a one-way slab, the area of a bay (one span x full width)
With spreadsheets, long-term advantages and savings come exceeds 30m2
from repeated use but there are risks that need to be managed. ■ The ratio of characteristic imposed loads, Qk , to
Spreadsheets demand an initial investment in time and effort, characteristic dead loads, Gk does not exceed 1.25
but the rewards are there for those who make the investment. ■ The characteristic imposed load, Qk, does not exceed 5
Good design requires sound judgement based on competence kN/m2 , excluding partitions
derived from adequate training and experience, not just computer
■ Additionally, for flat slabs, there are at least three rows of
programs.
panels of approximately equal span in the direction being
considered.
Familiarisation
For beams, Clause 3.4.3, Table 3.5 is valid only where:
There are many different ways to present structural concrete ■ Characteristic imposed loads, Qk, do not exceed characteristic
calculations. ‘Calcs’ should demonstrate compliance with dead loads, Gk
relevant design codes of practice, but different designers want ■ Loads are substantially uniformly distributed over three or
to investigate different criteria and want to set out calculations more spans
in different ways. Spreadsheets cannot satisfy everyone. The
■ Variations in span length do not exceed 15% of the longest
spreadsheets presented here have been set out to cover the
criteria that may be deemed ‘usual’. It is incumbent on the user span
to judge whether these criteria are pertinent and sufficient for
the actual case in hand. It is also incumbent on the user to ensure If design parameters stray outside these limits, the tabular design
that inputs are correct and that outputs are of the correct order spreadsheets should be used with caution.
of magnitude.
Deflections
Others
In most spreadsheets deflection checks are based on span:depth
criteria in the codes. Estimates of actual deflections are available Other spreadsheets provide for the design of pad foundations
within the ‘rigorous’ spreadsheets. catering for one or two columns, punching shear, stairs (either
as single flights and single landings or flights and landings as
Rigorous spreadsheets in a stair core), small retaining walls and basement walls. More
detail and further references are given within the spreadsheets
Deflection can be the governing criterion of many designs. These themselves.
spreadsheets allow the estimation of deflection to BS 8110 Parts
1 and 2 or Eurocode 2 Part 1-1. Rather than just check span-to-
effective depth ratios, the spreadsheets calculate deflections at
Terminology
1
/20 the spans using vigorous methods.
As with all software, spreadsheets have their own jargon. The basic
terminology for layout is shown on the screen dump below:
The Eurocode 2 spreadsheets follows methods described in TR58[30].
Spreadsheet terminology
Cell
Scroll bar
Worksheet area
Sheet tabs
Each spreadsheet may contain several linked sheets (i.e. layers Originated from RCC21.xls v3.0 on CD
or pages) that deal with different aspects of design. The sheet’s 1000 1000
800 800
name on the sheet tab gives an indication of the content. For 600
400
600
400
200
Those sheets with names in capitals are intended for printing -300
-400
-300
-400
-500 -500
in the spreadsheets. These may need to be printed for checking B Elastic Shears E B Redistributed Shears E
purposes and parts of them, such as simple design routines, may SPAN No
Elastic V 191.0
1
312.6 435.6
2
432.2 356.9
3
282.0
Redistributed V 177.7 302.0 422.8 433.2 345.1 273.7
be pasted into word-processed calculations.
ACTIONS! sheet
Sheet tabs (from RCC 41.xls) Main graphical output of Bending Moment Diagrams, Shear Force
Diagrams. Also input for redistribution percentages.
Sheet tabs
indication of the contents of a typical spreadsheet. The first sheet TOP STEEL Layer 1
Layer 2
4
0
H 25 2
0
H 16 4
0
H 25
MAIN! sheet
Moment Distribution
z mm 195.9 204.0 201.4 208.1 3.4.4.4
HiCol SUPT 1 LoCol HiCol SUPT 2 LoCol HiCol SUPT 3 LoCol HiCol As mm²/m 1743 912 1294 194 3.4.4.4
Min load -131.48 131.48 -428.93 416.78 -321.28
27.68 84.04 19.76 35.91 147.83 99.05 14.66 0.00 -40.63 -40.63 -14.25 0.00 As enhancement deflection control 54.36% 0.00%
73.91 42.02 -20.31 49.53 -42.37
-15.56 -47.25 -11.11 -2.62 -10.79 -7.23 -1.07 -3.04 -3.04 -1.07
As final mm²/m 1743 1408 1294 325 3.12.5.3
-5.39 -23.62 -1.52 -3.61 8.84 S mm 100 200 100 325
1.14 3.45 0.81 3.04 12.50 8.37 1.24 -2.22 -2.22 -0.78
6.25 1.72 -1.11 4.19 -5.01 Clause b ? Yes Yes Yes No 3.12.11.2.7
-1.32 -3.99 -0.94 -0.07 -0.30 -0.20 -0.03 0.35 0.35 0.12
-0.15 -2.00 0.18 -0.10 1.31
S max mm 175 ok 358 ok 189 ok 657 ok 3.12.11.2.7
0.03 0.10 0.02 0.22 0.90 0.61 0.09 -0.52 -0.52 -0.18 As prov mm²/m 2011 1571 1508 348
0.45 0.05 -0.26 0.30 -0.66
-0.10 -0.29 -0.07 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.01 0.15 0.15 0.05 =% % 0.927 0.731 0.695 0.159
0.05 -0.14 0.08 0.03 0.21
-0.01 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.11 -0.11 -0.04 fs N/mm² 289.0 179.7 357.5 186.0 Eqn 8
Sum 11.87 -20.34 8.47 36.50 299.79 -351.20 14.90 421.11 -404.97 -16.14
Deflection Base ratio 26 k tens 1.485 k comp 1.050 Allowed 36.489 > 34.88
12.92 202.3
This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to
them) automatically print out the calculation sheets providing
BS 8110 and EC2' available from The Concrete Centre, Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach,
Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9AB. macros that have not been switched off. Combo-boxes allow
Status of spreadsheet
Public release version.
This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may not choices between specified options.
be used for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the
Revision history RCC11 Element Design.xls
RCC
Date
15-Feb-06
Version
RCC11 v3.1
Action
Differentiation between flat slabs and other slabs on SLAB page.
Size (kB)
331
To the right hand side of many spreadsheets are intermediate
20-Oct-05
03-Feb-04
RCC11 v3.0
RCC11 v2.2
Updated to 2005 versions of BS8110 & BS8666
Minor correction to cell N12 on "SLAB" (> changed to < ).
317
289
calculations, data for graphs, etc. These ‘workings’ are not
21-Jan-03 RCC11 v2.1 DETR logo replaced by DTI. 289
11-Oct-02 RCC11 v2.0 Version 2 enhancements 304 considered vital to understanding the calculation; they may
01-Oct-02 RCC11 v1.7 COLUMN: Minor mods to N37:U37; Chart at U2 reactivated. 284
22-Jun-01
26-Jan-01
RCC11 v1.6
RCC11 v1.5
Addition of input controls.
Addition of input controls.
284
283
nonetheless be viewed and investigated. ‘Workings’ may also be
05-Dec-00
24-Nov-00
RCC11 v1.4
RCC11 v1.3
SHEAR:K22 lateral link spacing corrected.
SHEAR:C19 & C20 reformatted, and lateral link spacing check added (C
189
185
contained on supplementary sheets.
Braidwood).
30-May-00 RCC11 v1.2 R Lawson comments incorporated ( γc refs etc). 183
03-Aug-99
RCC11 v1.1
RCC11 v1.0
Neutral axis, x allowed below flange soffite - IStructE 'Green book' method
followed where flanges outside bw have z = d-hf/2, and bw acts as beam.
190
Other sheets
Includes β version comments & chg mods to COLUMN
These sheets are not necessarily intended for printing out and
NOTES! sheet
Disclaimers, status and revision history of the spreadsheet. may not be understandable without reference to the printed
calculations. For instance, in the case of RCC52.xls Calcs!, the N-
M relationship in a particular column is calculated for increments
of neutral axis depth. Many iterations are required in order to
Upper sheets construct the N-M graph. Therefore there are many calculations
and these are set out in tables. The volume of calculations makes
The calculations are intended to mimic hand-written calculations
it difficult to produce legible print-outs on a limited number of
as far as possible with a little more explanation by way of
sheets.
references to codes and derivation of numbers than would
usually be the case in normal submissions. Sheets intended
for printing out are divided into three sections: calculations, Notes!
operating instructions and workings. The output is intended to be
sufficient to allow detailing, although the designer should always The Notes! sheet shows the disclaimer, status and revision
consider and allow for rationalising reinforcement both within history of each spreadsheet. The disclaimer and status should be
and between elements. Input cells are in blue and are underlined read and understood. The revision history provides a record of
(so they can be recognised in black and white printouts). the spreadsheet being used and may provide a basis for users’
Quality Assurance procedures. The revision/ version and name of
The cells under Operating Instructions to the right hand side the spreadsheet should appear on all print-outs. This example is
contain help and error messages that are intended to help the taken from RCC52.xls Notes!
user with the correct operation of the spreadsheet. They also
Combo-box
Concurrent software being used (Used for automated choices)
CALCULATIONS
32 Bar diameter
d' = 54 mm d= 346 mm Asc = 4825.5 mm²
N=0 quadratic a = 4824.000 b = ######## c = -9.E+07
n max = 913.2 Interval = 5.497 (24 intervals between N=0 and Nbal)
N=0 (solve for zero N)
n Neutral axis 88.26 93.76 99.25 104.75 110.25 115.74 121.24 126.74 132.23 137.73 143.23 148.72
Fc Conc comp force 425764 452281 478797 505313 531830 558346 584862 611379 637895 664412 690928 717444
c strain Steel comp strain 0.00136 0.00148 0.00160 0.00170 0.00179 0.00187 0.00194 0.00201 0.00207 0.00213 0.00218 0.00223
t strain Steel tens strain 0.01022 0.00942 0.00870 0.00806 0.00748 0.00696 0.00649 0.00606 0.00566 0.00529 0.00496 0.00464
fsc Steel comp stress 258.32 283.43 305.76 325.74 343.73 360.02 374.82 388.34 400.74 412.15 421.38 421.38
fst Steel tens stress 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
Fsc Steel comp force 623255 683837 737709 785928 829338 868625 904349 936975 966888 994414 1016688 1016688
Fst Steel tens force 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019
z Conc lever arm 306.28 303.81 301.34 298.86 296.39 293.92 291.44 288.97 286.49 284.02 281.55 279.07
N Fc + Fsc - Fst 0.00 87.10 167.49 242.22 312.15 377.95 440.19 499.34 555.76 609.81 658.60 685.11
M MOR 312.39 324.37 335.24 345.15 354.22 362.56 370.26 377.36 383.94 390.04 395.25 397.07
Labels for chart
N diff 87.10 80.39 74.73 69.93 65.80 62.24 59.14 56.43 54.04 48.79 26.52 26.52
M diff 11.98 10.87 9.91 9.08 8.34 7.69 7.11 6.58 6.10 5.20 1.82 1.69
25 Bar diameter
d' = 50.5 mm d= 349.5 mm Asc = 2945.2 mm²
N=0 quadratic a = 4824.000 b = 370831.72 c = -5.E+07
n max = 922.5 Interval = 6.253 (24 intervals between N=0 and Nbal)
Notes! sheet
Disclaimer
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended for those
who will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No
liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA,
TCC or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all TCC software and publications are
subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.
This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to
BS 8110 and EC2' available from The Concrete Centre, Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach,
Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9AB.
Status of spreadsheet This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may not
Public release version. be used for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the
Revision history RCC11 Element Design.xls
RCC
It is strongly recommended that the Tekton and Marker fonts are Licences may be purchased from The Concrete Bookshop
copied into your computer’s font library. The Freewave fonts may (www.concretebookshop.com, Tel +44 (0)7004-607777) or via
be found in the Fonts folder on the CD-ROM. The Concrete Centre website. Licences may be validated via
www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets. The purchase price
They may be copied in the following manner, either: includes
■ Start/Settings/Control Panel/Fonts/ File/ Add Fonts and when ■ Permission to use the spreadsheets for commercial purposes
asked ‘copy fonts to system directory?’ answer ‘yes’. for at least one year
or
■ A hard copy of this publication, User Guide to RC
■ Through Microsoft Explorer and copying (or dragging) Spreadsheets: v3
the font files into your font library, usually contained in
■ CD-ROM containing RC Spreadsheets: v3, together with
Windows/ Set-up/ Fonts
Admin files, which themselves contain fonts, issue sheets,
user guide files etc.
Help ■ Occasional e-mails to inform them of any revisions
orchanges to the spreadsheets or other relevant information
A printed copy of this User Guide is available from The Concrete
■ Details of how to download updates of the spreadsheets
Bookshop (07004 607777 or www.concretebookshop.com). The
User Guide is also available as an Adobe Acrobat file UserGuid ■ Preferential treatment with regard to support
pdf, (on the CD-ROM). A copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader will be
required to read this file. Further information, updates, FAQs, free trial download versions
of some spreadsheets, latest news and other information on
Help is also available at the following places: the RC-Spreadsheet suite is available on www.concretecentre.
■ Within Excel under Help
com/rcspreadsheets
10
Overseas use software and networks only recognise eight characters for a file
name. In use, users may be requested by the system to allow
The spreadsheets have been developed and maintained for use abbreviated names, e.g. RCC11.xls .
within the UK. The Concrete Centre reserves the right to pass
details of non-UK registrants to any future owner of the non-UK As shorthand, the spreadsheets are generally referred to by their
copyright or overseas distributor of the spreadsheets. number rather than their name in full, i.e. RCC11.xls is used as
shorthand for RCC11 Element Design.xls.
11
They will obviously work in VGA (600 x 480), but higher ■ Copying and pasting (special) parts of the spreadsheets to
resolutions are recommended. a word processor or other package. Pasting (special) into a
word processor file as a bitmap produces a wysiwyg image.
■ Pasting as other formats will probably require some
Input pre-copying formatting of the spreadsheet and/ or post-
In the spreadsheets, input data is blue and underlined. New data formatting of receiving cells.
may be input by overwriting default values or by entering values Print areas may be defined by:
in ‘greyed-out’ cells. Entering data in far-left greyed-out cells
■ Highlighting area then clicking File/ Print Area/ Set Print Area
may also remove the grey conditional background to other cells,
which will then require data entry. Some input cells refer back to ■ Clicking View/Page Break Preview and adjusting boundaries
data on previous sheets within a workbook. These are coloured to suit
magenta, but change back to blue if other data is entered.
Print previewing can be achieved using the Print Preview icon on
Do not copy and paste input from one cell to another as this the standard toolbar.
may cause formatting and other errors. Do not use Space,
Enter (the space equals text). If similar input is required in other
cells then use ‘= cell reference’ with caution, e.g. ‘= B16’ in the
Print formatting
appropriate input cell.
Different hardware and software are configured in many different
ways. This situation leads to many variations on the actual print
All non-input cells should have nominal protection and the
from individual printers. Best results are likely to be obtained
contents of these cells can only be overwritten if the user has
from Windows printers but even these may not produce printing
taken positive steps to overwrite original contents. In the page
that is identical to that intended. Some manipulation for printing
headers the ‘Made by’ and ‘Checked’ boxes should be completed
with your configuration may be inevitable.
12
There are several reasons for this: Saving files/ file management
■ The files can be customised by users to their own preferred
methods of presentation and design (e.g. deflections might be Many users save spreadsheets to a directory and/ or folder of their
calculated to part 2 of BS 8110; individual firms’ or project choice. This is particularly true where spreadsheets pertaining to a
logos might replace the The Concrete Centre logo). particular project are saved to a folder given the project’s name.
■ The protection should stop inadvertent changes and
corruption of cells. Linking spreadsheets
■ Developments and improvements can be made and fed back
to The Concrete Centre. Such feedback is encouraged and To avoid complications, links between different design
allows a wider consensus to be gained. spreadsheets have not been used. Nonetheless, for the
■ Protection can always be overcome by determined users. experienced user, linking provides a powerful tool. The results
of one spreadsheet can be linked through to become the input
■ Fully protected files can hide cell contents . for another, or project data can be auto-loaded. This minimises
■ Spreadsheet emulators are at present unsuitable for this the amount of input required and at the same time reduces the
application. scope for error in data transfers. For example, the results of a
■ Different designers want different facilities available to them beam analysis can be carried through to beam design. Any links
and should not be restricted. created by the user are at his or her discretion.
13
Table 1
Redistribution options in spreadsheets with analysis
0 ßbM ßbM Design span moments will probably be less than elastic moment
(minimum of 70% of elastic moment).
1 ßbM Minimum of ßbM and Malt/ßb Design span moments might be less than elastic moment but less
likely than with option 0.
2 ßbM Minimum of ßbM and Malt Design span moments cannot be less than elastic moment.
Where
ßb = (moment after redistribution)/(moment before redistribution)
= 100% - % redistribution requested
M = elastic moment at support, all spans loaded
Malt = maximum elastic Moment at support, alternate spans loaded
14
Most often the spreadsheets require bar size as input, rather than
bar spacing. This can lead to unusual, but correct, spacings. Where
bar diameter input is available, it may be worth investigating
larger bars (at larger centres). For instance, in the design of a flat
slab it would probably be preferable to use 4828 larger bars at
greater centres rather than 6840 smaller bars at small centres
(weight is marginally different, 82.5 kg/m3 c.f. 80.8 kg/m3).
This results in 30% fewer bars compared with 2% extra steel.
Rationalised arrangements with least number of bars (without
breaking the spacing rules) and least number of bar marks are
always preferable. Eventually, it may be possible to automate this
process, but for the time being it is between the program user
(i.e. the designer) and the detailer to decide how to rationalise
bar arrangements. Any estimates of reinforcement must take this
process into account.
Live load is taken to be that part of the ultimate load that is not
characteristic dead load (i.e. in BS8110 spreadsheets, live load
= n - gk ).
15
BS8110!
Welcome!
Welcome gives a quick introduction to the spreadsheets by
covering in outline:
■ Disclaimer
■ Licence conditions
■ Instructions for Use
■ Basic Instructions
■ Macros
Eurocode 2!
BS8110!
This sheet shows the spreadsheets available for the design of
elements to BS 8110. Adjacent to the title of each spreadsheet is a
button which may be clicked in order to load that spreadsheet.
Eurocode 2!
Similarly, this sheet highlights the spreadsheets available for the
design of elements to Eurocode 2.
Versions!
This sheet shows the version number of each spreadsheet in your
folder.
16
Spreadsheets to BS 8110
17
19
For simplicity, where three or more bars are required in the top
and bottom of the section, it is assumed that a (rotationally)
symmetrical arrangement will be required for the side faces.
This appears to be common practice, for small to medium sized
columns. For more detailed consideration see RCC52.xls. In
particular, see RCC53.xls regarding the issue of side bars.
For many side and all corner columns, there is no other choice
than to design for bi-axial bending, and the method given in
Clause 3.8.4.5 must be adhered to, i.e., RCC53.xls or sheets 2 and
3 of RCC51.xls should be used.
Maximum link centres are given. The routine in the area L61:U81
investigates shear when, in accordance with Clause 3.8.4.6, M/N
> 0.6h. In such cases either a maximum allowable shear is shown
where shear is critical, or input of shear and number of legs in
links allows the links to be designed for the applied shear. Even in
unbraced structures shear is rarely likely to be critical.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history
20
21
22
23
24
0.00266
435
Notes
-0.00031 2
Stresses in N/mm
-62 Compression +ve
-0.00115 0 - - - Neutral axis
25
MAIN!
Moments are considered to be about the x-x axis. All applied
loads and moments should be ultimate and positive, as positive
moments induce tension in the bottom reinforcement.
Calcs!
Calcs! Shows the derivation of the chart where moment capacity
is calculated at intervals of neutral axis depth from n.a. depth for
N = 0 to n.a. depth for N = Nbal , then in intervals from n.a. depth
for N = Nbal to n.a. depth for N = Nuz. This sheet shows workings
and is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
26
MATERIALS
fcu 35 N/mm² γs 1.15
fy 500 N/mm² γc 1.50
3000
2400
AXIAL COMPRESSION, N kN
2000
M min
1000 1000
0.1Acfcu
-1000
-2000
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
MOMENT, Mxx kNm
27
or
Except when checking column face shear, holes under half the
slab depth or 1/4 column side are ignored as in the second
paragraph of BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.7.7.7. Multiple holes should
be aggregated pro-rata as if they were one hole at one position.
The shear at 1.5 d from the face of the column and at the first
perimeter requiring no reinforcement is shown under Results.
28
2
MATERIALS fcu N/mm 40 STATUS Legend
2
fyv N/mm 500 VALID DESIGN
link Ø mm 10
steel class A
DIMENSIONS A mm 300 E mm 150
B mm 500 F mm -50
G mm 125 H mm 100
2
SLAB h mm 525 dx mm 484 Asx mm /m 5362
2
dy mm 455.5 Asy mm /m 3908
ave d mm 469.75 ave As % 0.983
2
RESULTS Veff = 3397.1 kN vc = 0.7349 N/mm (Table 3.8)
2 2
At col. face, v max = 4.899 N/mm At 1.5d perimeter, v = 1.0886 N/mm
2
At 3d perimeter, v = 0.5896 N/mm
29
2
MATERIALS fcu N/mm 40 STATUS Legend
2
fyv N/mm 500 VALID DESIGN
link Ø mm 8
steel class A
DIMENSIONS A mm 200 E mm -62.5
B mm 200 F mm -275
D mm 50 G mm 150
H mm 125
2
SLAB h mm 250 dx mm 207 Asx mm /m 2010
2
dy mm 187 Asy mm /m 1005
ave d mm 197 ave As % 0.754
2
RESULTS Veff = 312.2 kN vc = 0.8032 N/mm (Table 3.8)
2 2
At col. face, v max = 1.976 N/mm At 1.5d perimeter, v = 1.0364 N/mm
2
At 2.25d perimeter, v = 0.7813 N/mm
30
2
MATERIALS fcu N/mm 40 STATUS Legend
fyv N/mm2 500 VALID DESIGN
link Ø mm 8
steel class A
DIMENSIONS A mm 400 E mm -50
B mm 250 F mm -250
C mm 0 G mm 100
D mm 0 H mm 100
31
2
MATERIALS fcu N/mm 40 STATUS Legend
2
fyv N/mm 500 VALID DESIGN
link Ø mm 10
steel class A
DIMENSIONS A mm 350 E mm -125
B mm 350 F mm -425
C mm 0 G mm 250
D mm 0 H mm 250
2
SLAB h mm 250 dx mm 202 Asx mm /m 2580
2
dy mm 180 Asy mm /m 2580
ave d mm 191 ave As % 1.355
2
RESULTS Veff = 558.8 kN vc = 0.9841 N/mm (Table 3.8)
2 2
At col. face, v max = 2.534 N/mm At 1.5d perimeter, v = 1.1738 N/mm
2
At 2.25d perimeter, v = 0.9209 N/mm
32
w = 3acrεm/{1+2(acr-c)/(h-x)}
ε2 = b(h-x)2/3EsAs(d-x)
33
Project
Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client
Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location
Grid line 1 RC 11-Apr-2006 33
34
Crack Width Calculations to BS8110: 2005/ BS8007:1987 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from RCC14.xls v 3.0on CD © 2006 TCC chg - R68
INPUT
fcu= 35 N/mm2
fy= 500 N/mm2
Area of reinforcement " As " = 2093 mm2
b= 1000 mm
h= 250 mm
d= 200 mm
Minimum cover to tension reinforcement " CO " = 40 mm
Maxmum bar spacing " S " = 150 mm
Bar dia " DIA " = 20 mm
" acr " =(((S/2)^2+(CO+DIA/2)^2)^(1/2)-DIA/2) as default or enter other value = 80.14 mm
"acr " is distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
Applied service moment " Ms "= 69.0 KNm
CALCULATIONS
moduli of elasticity of concrete " Ec" = (1/2)*(20+0.2*fcu) = 13.5 KN/mm2
moduli of elasticity of steel " Es " = 200.0 KN/mm2
Modular ratio " α " = (Es/Ec) = 14.81
" ρ " = As/bd = 0.010
2 0.5
depth to neutral axis, "xx" = (-α.ρ +((α.ρ) + 2.α.ρ) .d = 85 mm
34
This single sheet consists of the main inputs, most of which should The sheet also tabulates elastic and redistributed ultimate shears
be self-explanatory. As in other spreadsheets, avoid pasting input and column moments according to the various load cases.
from one cell to another as this may cause formatting and other
errors.
Analysis!
The dimension of the flange width, bf, is automated to be either
bw + 0.07 x span for L beams or bw + 0.14 x span for T beams. This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
but is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
Unwanted data cells are ‘greyed-out’. Supports may be specified checking purposes
by giving dimentions and end conditions in cells C21:J27. The use
of C, K, or E in column C can alter the characteristics of a support
from cantilever to knife-edge to encastre. Where supports are Graf!
dimentions the remote ends of supports may be F for fixed in
columns F and J; otherwise they default to pinned. Extraneous This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
data is highlighted in red or by messages in red. Under Operating particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for printing
Instructions a number of checks, mainly for missing entries, are out other than for checking purposes
carried out and any problems are highlighted. At the bottom
of the sheet a simplistic but to-scale arrangement and loading
diagram is shown. This is given to aid data checking. Notes!
It may prove prudent to write down expected values for This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
bending moments at each support down before progressing to
ACTIONS!
UDLs are input as line loads e.g. 4kN/m2 for a 5.0 m wide bay
would be input as 20 kN/m. Point loads should be at least
0.001m from supports.
ACTIONS!
This sheet includes charts showing the elastic bending moment
diagram, redistributed moment envelope, elastic shear forces
and envelope of redistributed shear forces. These diagrams are
based on data from the analysis undertaken in Analysis! at 1/20
span points. Maximum span and support moments are given.
35
SPANS
L (m) H (mm) bw (mm) hf (mm) Type bf (mm) LOADING PATTERN
SPAN 1 7.000 600 375 150 T 1355 min max
SPAN 2 12.000 600 375 150 T 2055 DEAD 1 1.4
SPAN 3 12.000 600 375 150 T 2055 IMPOSED 0 1.6
SPAN 4 6.000 600 375 150 T 1215
SPAN 5 0
SPAN 6 0
SUPPORTS
ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 2.95 400 300 F 3.10 400 300 P
Support 2 3.00 400 300 P 3.10 300 300 P
Support 3 0.00 3.10 400 300 P
Support 4 K
Support 5 4.00 400 300 P 3.10 300 300 P
Support 6
Support 7
LOADING DIAGRAM
B E
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS LOADED 153.5 724.8 778.3 478.4 75.0
ODD SPANS LOADED 177.7 465.9 568.4 415.9 -8.2
EVEN SPANS LOADED 27.2 621.0 636.4 271.0 116.7
Characteristic Dead 72.8 354.6 386.7 237.2 30.5
Characteristic Imposed 47.4 142.7 148.1 91.4 46.2
36
1000 1000
800 800
600 600
400
400
200
200
0
0
-200
-200
-400
-400 -600
-600 -800
-800 -1000
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 95.3 743.3 868.6 427.6 34.3 ~ kNm
Redistributed M 90.5 557.5 694.9 406.2 32.6 ~ kNm
ßb 0.950 0.750 0.800 0.950 0.950 ~ ~
Redistribution 5.0% 25.0% 20.0% 5.0% 5.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 185.0 633.1 400.1 121.4 ~ ~ Based on support
Redistributed M 152.1 746.8 373.5 118.8 ~ ~ moments of
ßb 0.822 1.180 0.934 0.979 ~ ~ min(ßbM, Malt/ßb)
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN)
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
-100 -100
-200 -200
-300 -300
-400 -400
-500 -500
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 191.0 312.6 435.6 432.2 356.9 282.0
Redistributed V 177.7 302.0 422.8 433.2 345.1 273.7
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 203.4 118.4 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 204.7 116.7 ~ ~ ~ ~
37
ACTIONS! Analysis!
This sheet shows bending moment and shear force diagrams This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
from the analysis undertaken in Analysis! The user is required to but is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
input the desired amount of redistribution to the initial moments checking purposes.
in line 25. Cell J14 allows three types of distribution according to
the user’s preferences. Requesting redistribution at a cantilever
produces a warning message in the remarks column. Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
SPANS! to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes. In many instance service stress, fs,
In SPANS! the user is required to choose top, bottom and link has been set to 1.0 or 0.0001 N/mm2 to avoid problems with
reinforcement for each span. The amounts of bending and shear division by zero.
reinforcement required and checks are derived from detailed
calculations in Bar!Unwanted cells are ‘greyed-out’.
Graf!
Unless overwritten, reinforcement diameter specified for a
support carries through both sides of the support, i.e. the This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
diameter specified for the right hand support of a span carries particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for printing
over to the left hand support of the next span. It may be possible out other than for checking purposes.
to obtain different numbers of bars each side of the support due
to differences in moment either side of the support, differences
in depth or to comply with minimum 50% span steel; practicality
Notes!
should dictate that the maximum number of bars at each support
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
should be used.
38
MATERIALS COVERS
fcu 35 N/mm² h agg 20 mm Top cover 25 mm
fy 500 N/mm² γs 1.15 steel Btm cover 25 mm
fyv 500 N/mm² γc 1.50 concrete
steel class A
SPANS L (m) H (mm) SUPPORTS
SPAN 1 8.000 350 Support No Type
SPAN 2 7.200 250 1 K
SPAN 3 7.200 250 LOADING PATTERN 5 K
SPAN 4 4.500 250 min max K(nife), C(antilever) or E(ncastre)
SPAN 5 DEAD 1 1.4
SPAN 6 IMPOSED 1.6
LOADING DIAGRAM
A G
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
Characteristic Dead 63.80 72.78 49.39 51.45 6.59
Max Imposed 19.00 27.17 22.79 25.77 3.28
Min Imposed -0.72 6.45 5.46 3.07 -3.75
MAX ULTIMATE 120.17 141.99 108.37 110.70 16.35
39
100 100
50 50
0 0
-50 -50
-100 -100
-150 -150
-200 -200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 85.0 60.4 71.2 ~ ~
Redistributed M 72.2 60.4 64.1 ~ ~
ßb 1.000 0.850 1.000 0.900 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 15.0% 10.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 168.7 19.6 69.3 13.5 ~ ~
Redistributed M 166.4 15.6 72.1 12.4 ~ ~
ßb 0.986 0.798 1.040 0.917 ~ ~
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
-50 -50
-100 -100
-150 -150
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 120.9 103.1 42.3 35.5 70.1 74.4
Redistributed V 120.2 101.5 43.6 37.2 71.1 73.6
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 40.1 17.1 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 38.5 16.4 ~ ~ ~ ~
40
41
42
This sheet consists of the main inputs of material, loading, Deflection calculations involve many iterative calculations,
construction and serviceability criteria pertaining to the which may take some time on even the fastest of computers.
calculation of deflection to BS 8110 Part 2. Users are expected to Calculation of deflections is therefore controlled by clicking
use their knowledge of the project and judgement in completing the ‘Calculate Deflections’ button in column N and should be
this sheet. The default values given in this sheet are not unusual. undertaken once all the design is complete. Deflection results will
For creep reference is made to Eurocode 2 Annex B. only appear on this sheet after the ‘Calculate Deflections’ button
has been used and the macro has been allowed to complete its
iterations. They will disappear if relevant data (e.g. span, load) is
MAIN! changed. Should the span fail deflection criteria, the user has the
option to increase bottom steel at cell M24 etc, and reuse the
This single sheet consists of the main inputs of span and loads, ‘Calculate Deflection’ button.
most of which should be self-explanatory. The number of spans
is altered by entering or deleting data under L (m). Unwanted Unless overwritten, reinforcement diameter specified for a
data cells are ‘greyed-out’. The use of C, K or E can alter the support carries through both sides of the support, i.e. the
characteristics of the end supports from cantilever to knife-edge diameter specified for the right hand support of a span carries
to encastre. Extraneous data is highlighted in red or by messages over to the left hand support of the next span. It may be possible
in red. Under ‘Operating Instructions’ a number of checks are to obtain different numbers of bars each side of the support due
carried out and problems are highlighted. to differences in moment at the edge of support,differences in
depth or to comply with minimum 50% span steel; practicality
For the purposes of defining load, the section is assumed to be should dictate that the greater number should be used.
1.00 m wide. At the bottom of the sheet a simplistic loading
diagram is given to aid data checking. Great care should be Hogging moments at 1/4 span are checked and used in the
taken to ensure this sheet is completed correctly for the case determination of top steel in spans. Careful examination of the
43
Uls! Notes!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
at the ultimate limit state but is not necessarily intended for This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
printing out other than for checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit state at 1/20th points along each span. The results are used
in Def!. This sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out
other than for checking purposes.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes. In many instances, service stress, fs,
has been set to 1.0 or 0.0001 N/mm2 to avoid problems with
division by zero.
44
MATERIALS COVERS
fcu 30 N/mm² h agg 20 mm Top cover 25 mm
fy 500 N/mm² γs 1.15 steel Btm cover 25 mm
fyv 500 N/mm² γc 1.50 concrete Concrete density 24 kN/m³
steel class A
SERVICEABILITY CRITERIA Maximum permanent ∆ = L / 250 3.3.3 (Pt 2)
AMBIENT TEMPERATURES ºC from 0 to 7 days from 7 to 100 days from 100 days on
20 20 20
45
LOADING DIAGRAM
A G
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4
Characteristic Dead 16.56 45.54 45.54 16.56
Max Imposed 9.45 23.10 23.10 9.45
Min Imposed -1.05 11.55 11.55 -1.05
MAX ULTIMATE 38.14 99.34 99.34 38.14
46
A G A G
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 0.0 54.9 54.9 0.0 ~ ~ ~
Redistributed M 0.0 46.7 46.7 0.0 ~ ~ ~
ßb 1.000 0.850 0.850 1.000 ~ ~ ~
Redistribution 15.0% 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic M 50.2 28.8 50.2 ~ ~ ~
Redistributed M 47.7 22.8 47.7 ~ ~ ~
ßb 0.950 0.792 0.950 ~ ~ ~
A G A G
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 39.1 54.9 45.8 45.8 54.9 39.1
Redistributed V 38.1 53.6 45.8 45.8 53.6 38.1
SPAN No
Elastic V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
-10
-20
-30
-40
SPAN No 1 2 3
Before partitions 8.8 0.1 8.8 mm
Permanent 22.4 2.8 22.4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
47
48
49
MAIN! WEIGHT!
This single sheet consists of the main inputs which should be WEIGHT! Gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
self-explanatory. The number of spans is altered by entering or required in one direction of the slab per rib and per square metre.
deleting data under L(m). Unwanted data cells are ‘greyed-out’. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in BS 8110: Part 1, Clause
3.12, are used in the determination of lengths of bars. The figures
The use of C, K or F can alter the characteristics of the end should be treated as approximate estimates only as they cannot
supports from cantilever to knife-edge to fixed. Extraneous data deal with the effects of designers’ and detailers’ preferences,
is highlighted in red or by messages in red. Under Operating rationalisation, etc, etc. They do not allow for reinforcement in
Instructions a number of checks are carried out and any problems supporting beams or for mesh.
are highlighted.
For the purposes of defining load the section under consideration Analysis!
is assumed to be 1.00m wide. It will be seen from Bar! that
moments per metre are converted to moments per rib, and This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out.
calculations of reinforcement areas required etc., are based on It is not necessarily intended for printing out, other than for
moments and shear per rib. Great care should be taken to ensure checking purposes.
this sheet is completed correctly for the case in hand. It may
prove prudent to write expected values of bending moments at
each support down before progressing to ACTIONS! Bar!
Support reactions are given the bottom of the sheet This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes. In spans, service stress, fs, may be
ACTIONS! reduced to satisfy deflection criteria. In many instances, minima
of 1.0 or 0.0001 have been used to avoid problems with division
This sheet shows bending moment and shear force diagrams by zero.
from the analysis undertaken in Analysis! The user is required to
input desired amount of redistribution to the initial moments in
line 26. Cell L14 allows three types of distribution according to Graf!
the user’s preferences. See Redistribution (page XX).
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for printing
SPANS! out other than for checking purposes.
50
1 5a
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4
Characteristic Dead 43.0 58.0 18.2 ~ ~ ~
Max Imposed 20.4 34.9 13.3 ~ ~ ~
Min Imposed 7.3 17.3 -1.6 ~ ~ ~
MAX ULTIMATE 94.9 133.0 46.6 ~ ~ ~
51
120 120
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-20 -20
-40 -40
-60 -60
-80 -80
-100 -100
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 0.0 35.9 97.9 0.0 ~ ~ kNm/m
Redistributed M 0.0 35.9 83.2 0.0 ~ ~ kNm/m
ßb 1.000 1.000 0.850 1.000 ~ ~ ~
Redistribution 0.0% 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic M 0.00 66.48 75.34 ~ ~ ~
Redistributed M 0.00 62.29 71.04 ~ ~ ~
ßb 1.000 0.937 0.943 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN/m)
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-20 -20
-40 -40
-60 -60
-80 -80
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 0.0 35.9 58.2 66.8 70.3 47.9
Redistributed V 0.0 35.9 59.1 67.1 68.3 46.6
SPAN No
Elastic V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
52
Dist to link ok ok ok
Dist to link ok ok ok
53
Dist to link ok ok ok
54
55
The calculated deflections might be regarded as being akin to The chart at the bottom of the page shows calculated deflections
95% confidence limits. at construction of partitions, and ranges for longer term
deflections due to patterns of permanent and imposed loading.
Deflection calculations involve many iterative calculations, which
JOBDATA! take some time on even the fastest of computers. Calculation of
deflections is therefore controlled by clicking the ‘Calculate
This sheet consists of the main inputs of material, loading, Deflections’ button in column L and elsewhere and should be
construction and serviceability criteria pertaining to the undertaken once all the design is complete. The worst case
calculation of deflection to BS 8110 Part 2. Users are expected to deflection is taken in subsequent checks and this might be viewed
use their knowledge of the project and judgement in completing as being unduly conservative.
this sheet. The default values given in this sheet are not unusual.
For creep reference is made to Eurocode 2 Annex B.
SPANS!
MAIN! In SPANS! the user is required to choose top, bottom and link
reinforcement for each span. The amounts of bending and shear
This single sheet consists of the main inputs which should be reinforcement required and checks are derived from detailed
self-explanatory. The number of spans is altered by entering calculations in Bar! Unwanted cells are ‘greyed-out’.
or deleting data under L (m). Unwanted data cells are ‘greyed-
out’. The use of C, K or F can alter the characteristics of the end The reinforcement diameter specified for a support carries
supports from cantilever to knife-edge to fixed. Extraneous data through both sides of the support, i.e. the diameter specified for
is highlighted in red or by messages in red. Under ‘Operating the right hand support of a span carries over to the left hand
Instructions’ a number of checks are carried out and any problems support of the next span.
are highlighted. The data under ‘Solid’ define the distances from
support centrelines to the start of the ribbed cross-section. It should be noted that hogging moment is checked both at the
centre of support (solid section) and the solid/ rib intersection
For the purposes of defining load the section under consideration (ribbed section). As the moments at the solid/ rib intersection
is assumed to be 1.00 m wide. It will be seen from Bar! that each side of the support may differ, it may be possible to obtain a
moments per metre are converted to moments per rib, and design giving different numbers of bars each side of the support.
calculations of reinforcement areas required etc., are based Practicality should dictate that the greater number of bars is used
on moments and shear per rib. Great care should be taken to for detailing. Hogging moments at 1/4 span positions within a
56
span are checked and are used in the determination of top steel
in spans. For top steel at supports, reinforcement requirements
Graf!
are checked at both the support centreline (solid) and at the start
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
of the ribbed cross-section. Deflection calculations involve many
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for printing
iterative calculations, and these are controlled by clicking the
out other than for checking purposes.
‘Calculate Deflections’ button in column N. Deflection results will
only appear on the spreadsheet after the ‘Calculate Deflections’
button has been used and the macro been allowed to complete
Notes!
its iterations. They will disappear again if relevant data (e.g. span, This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history as in the Notes!
load) is changed. Should the span fail deflection criteria, the user sheet in other spreadsheets.
has the option to increase bottom steel at cell M24 etc, and reuse
the ‘Calculate Deflection’ button.
WEIGHT!
WEIGHT! Gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in one direction of the slab per rib and per square metre.
Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in BS 8110 Part 1, Clause
3.12, are used in the determination of lengths of bars. The figures
should be treated as approximate estimates only as they cannot
deal with the effects of designers’ and detailers’ preferences,
rationalisation, etc. They do not allow for reinforcement in
supporting beams or for mesh.
Uls!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
at the ultimate limit state but is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit state at 1/20th points along each span. The results are used
in Def!. This sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out
other than for checking purposes.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes. In spans, service stress, fs, may be
reduced to satisfy deflection criteria. In many instances, minima
of 1.0 or 0.0001 have been used to avoid problems with division
by zero.
Def!
This sheet calculates deflections at 1/20th points for each
span and for each load condition. The sheet is large and is not
necessarily intended for printing out other than for checking
purposes.
57
58
RIBS
slab depth, hf 100 mm Centres 900 mm
Rib width 150 mm Side taper of 1 in 10
LOADING DIAGRAM
1 5a
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
Characteristic Dead 23.4 57.9 48.6 52.5 16.8 ~ ~
Max Imposed 12.7 31.1 28.4 31.6 11.8 ~ ~
Min Imposed -1.7 14.0 13.6 14.3 -1.9 ~ ~
MAX ULTIMATE 53.6 128.5 116.2 120.7 42.5 ~ ~
59
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-20 -20
-40 -40
-60 -60
-80 -80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1 5a 1 5a
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 0.0 80.2 68.1 79.6 0.0 ~ kNm/m
Redistributed M 0.0 72.2 68.1 67.7 0.0 ~ kNm/m
ßb 1.000 0.900 1.000 0.850 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 10.0% 0.0% 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 60.47 51.71 53.85 60.16 ~ ~
Redistributed M 58.31 48.59 51.09 56.94 ~ ~
ßb 0.964 0.940 0.949 0.947 #VALUE! #VALUE!
1 5a 1 5a
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 54.4 63.3 68.1 56.2 57.2 60.3
Redistributed V 53.6 62.1 69.0 57.4 58.8 61.0
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 63.8 43.7 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 62.0 42.5 ~ ~ ~ ~
-10
-20
-30
-40
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Before partitions 11.2 6.4 9.8 10.7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
Permanent 24.6 20.8 24.0 24.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
Variable 10.0 9.6 11.9 9.7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
60
61
62
63
64
WEIGHT!
WEIGHT! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in one direction of the slab for the internal or end
bays considered. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in
Clause 3.12, are used to determine lengths of bars. The figures
should be treated as approximate estimates only as they cannot
deal with the effects of designers’ and detailers’ preferences,
‘rationalisation’, the effects of holes etc, etc. They do not allow
for punching shear links or link carrier bars.
Analysis!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
but is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes. It is derived from RCC21.xls.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS!
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
65
LOADING DIAGRAM
A D
66
600 500
500 400
400 300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
-100
-100
-200 -200
-300 -300
-400 -400
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 123.7 465.4 465.4 123.7 ~ ~ ~
Redistributed M 123.7 372.3 372.3 123.7 ~ ~ ~
ßb 1.000 0.800 0.800 1.000 ~ ~ ~
Redistribution 20.0% 20.0%
End support reinf. Ø mm 16 16
* *
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic M 297.1 205.5 297.1 ~ ~ ~
Redistributed M 319.9 184.6 319.9 ~ ~ ~
ßb 1.077 0.898 1.077 ~ ~ ~
SHEARS FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN)
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
-100 -100
-200 -200
-300 -300
-400 -400
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
SPAN No
Elastic V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4
ALL SPANS LOADED 323.0 628.2 628.2 323.0
ODD SPANS LOADED 323.9 481.6 481.6 323.9
EVEN SPANS LOADED 153.4 487.3 487.3 153.4
Veff for punching 404.9 878.0 878.0 404.9
Characteristic Dead 168.7 326.4 326.4 168.7
Characteristic Imposed 49.3 114.8 114.8 49.3
67
68
69
70
SUMMARY Rebar for single direction only. All figures approximate - see User Guide.
TOTAL REINFORCEMENT IN BAY (kg) 1465 REINFORCEMENT DENSITY (kg/m3) 63.6
71
Do not copy and paste input values as this can corrupt formatting
WEIGHT!
(“copy” and “Paste Special values” is OK). This sheet estimates the weight of reinforcement in the beam
when designed according to normal curtailment rules as defined
‘Rebar layering’ refers to whether there are beams and therefore in BS 8110. Workings are shown on the right hand side of the
reinforcement in the other direction. Answering yes drops by one sheet. The estimate may be printed out using File/print or the
bar diameter the steel at the supports. print button on the normal toolbar. It should be recognised
that different engineers’ and detailers’ interpretations of these
With respect to cantilevers, design for bending caters for clauses, and different project circumstances and requirements
moments at the face of support; design for deflection considers will all have a bearing on actual quantities used.
the cantilever from the centre line of support. N.B. root rotation
is not considered. In beam-to-beam situations the width of
support can be input as being very small to avoid under-design Analysis!
in bending.
This sheet shows the moment distributions used in the analysis
of the beam: it is not intended for formal printing. It will be seen
ACTIONS! that the loads are considered initially as 1.0gk over all spans then
as (γgk - 1.0) + γqk qk over alternate spans.
ACTIONS! Includes bending moment and shear force diagrams,
summaries of moments and shears and user input for amounts
of redistribution. Users should ensure that the amounts of Bar!
redistribution are always considered as there are no default
values. Intended mainly for first time users and young engineers, this
sheet gives further details of the calculations summarised in
SPAN! Support moments are considered at faces of supports;
checks at 1/4 span relate to hogging and any top steel required is
provided in the span.
72
Graf!
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and ACTIONS!:
it is not intended for formal printing.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
73
SUPPORTS ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 C
Support 2 3.50 300 300 F 5.00 300 300 P
Support 3 3.50 300 300 F 4.00 300 300 P
Support 4 K
Support 5
Support 6
Support 7
LOADING DIAGRAM
1 3
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4
ALL SPANS LOADED 0.0 362.6 543.9 -122.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
ODD SPANS LOADED 0.0 198.7 252.9 -5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
EVEN SPANS LOADED 0.0 295.8 515.5 -163.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Characteristic Dead 0.0 134.1 211.1 -36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Max characteristic Imposed 0.0 103.9 163.6 16.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min characteristic Imposed 0.0 32.1 11.0 -64.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
74
500 400
400 300
300 200
200 100
100 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 -100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-100 -200
-200 -300
-300 -400
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 0.0 215.7 390.5 0.0 ~ ~ kNm/m
Redistributed M 0.0 215.7 312.4 0.0 ~ ~ kNm/m
ßb 1.000 1.000 0.800 1.000 ~ ~ ~
Redistribution 20.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic M 0.00 259.55 0.00 ~ ~ ~
Redistributed M 0.00 295.71 0.00 ~ ~ ~
ßb 1.000 1.139 0.700 ~ ~ ~
SHEARS (kN)
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
-100 -100
-200 -200
-300 -300
-400 -400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 0.0 102.2 251.8 297.6 264.2 -172.8
Redistributed V 0.0 102.2 260.4 287.8 259.4 -163.9
Elastic V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
COLUMN MOMENTS
(kNm) 1 2 3 4
ALL SPANS Above 91.2 -36.9
LOADED Below 47.9 -24.2
ODD SPANS Above 20.5 -11.8
LOADED Below 10.8 -7.7
EVEN SPANS Above 105.3 -39.1
LOADED Below 55.3 -25.7
75
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
76
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
77
The spreadsheet is based on RCC41 but has an initial sheet With respect to cantilevers, design for bending caters for
JOBDATA! to allow input of all the variables and performance moments at the face of support; design for deflection considers
criteria required. The calculation of deflection is not carried the cantilever from the centre line of support. N.B. root rotation
out automatically. The user is required to press the ‘Calculate is not considered.
deflections’ button in column N of SPANS! (or elsewhere) when
every other aspect of the design has been completed. Deflections In beam-to-beam situations the width of support can be input as
are given as a range in a chart at the bottom of ACTIONS! They being very small to avoid under-design in bending.
are shown as a range due to potential pattern loading. In SPANS!
the worst case is compared with the specified serviceability
criteria. ACTIONS!
It should be noted that the number of assumptions and ACTIONS! Includes bending moment and shear force diagrams,
uncertainties in the material and design criteria and construction summaries of moments and shears and user input for amounts
process mean that deflection calculations carried out in of redistribution. Users should ensure that the amounts of
this manner can be notoriously inaccurate (and usually over redistribution in row 22 are always considered - there are no
conservative) compared with actual measured deflections. The default or automated values. Cell L14 determines how the
calculated deflections might be regarded as being akin to 95% redistribution is carried out (see Table 1 of this document).
confidence limits.
The chart at the bottom of the page shows calculated deflections
at construction of partitions, and ranges for longer term
JOBDATA! deflections due to patterns of permanent and imposed loading.
The worst case is taken in subsequent checks and this might be
This sheet consists of the main inputs of material, loading, viewed as being unduly conservative.
construction and serviceability criteria pertaining to the
calculation of deflection to BS 8110 Part 2. Users are expected to
use their knowledge of the project and judgement in completing SPANS!
this sheet. The default values given in this sheet are not unusual.
For creep reference is made to Eurocode 2 Annex B. This sheet designs reinforcement for bending in spans and
supports, and for shear in the spans. User input is required for
reinforcement sizes – some intuition may be required to obtain
MAIN! sensible arrangements of reinforcement. The amounts of bending
and shear reinforcement required and checks are derived from
This sheet contains user input of frame geometry and load data. detailed calculations in Bar! Support moments (including
cantilever moments) are considered at the face of the support.
Input data is blue and underlined. New data may be input by This may lead to unequal amounts of reinforcement being
overwriting default values or by entering values in ‘greyed-out’ designed for each side of the support, see Bar! Non-existent
cells. Guidance on input for the type of section and type of end spans are blanked out.
condition of the support is given under Operating Instructions.
Generally, values in red or red backgrounds indicate either Deflection calculations are controlled by clicking the ‘Calculate
incorrect or excess data. For instance, if knife-edge supports are Deflections’ button in column N and should be undertaken once
required, entering ‘K’ in cell C18 will elicit red data to the right, all the other design is complete. Deflection results will only appear
which needs to be cleared manually. on this sheet after the ‘Calculate Deflections’ button has been
used and the macro been allowed to complete its iterations.
The sheet has not been set up with many ‘carry throughs’ (making
the value of one cell equal another). They will disappear if relevant data (e.g. span, load) is changed.
Should the span fail deflection criteria, the user has the option to
78
increase bottom steel at cell M21 etc, and reuse the ‘Calculate
Deflection’ button Hogging moments at are checked 1/4 span
Graf!
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and ACTIONS!:
positions within a span and are used to determine the top steel
it is not intended for formal printing.
in spans.
WEIGHT! Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
This sheet estimates the weight of reinforcement in the beam
when designed according to normal curtailment rules as defined
in BS 8110. Workings are shown on the right hand side of the
sheet. The estimate may be printed out using File/print or the
print button on the normal toolbar. It should be recognised
that different engineers’ and detailers’ interpretations of these
clauses, and different project circumstances and requirements
will all have a bearing on actual quantities used.
Uls!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
at the ultimate limit state but is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes. It will be seen that
the loads are considered initially as 1.0gk over all spans then as
(γgk - 1.0)gk + γgk qk on alternately odd and even spans.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit state at 1/20th points along each span. The results are used
in Def!. This sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out
other than for checking purposes.
Bar!
Intended mainly for first time users and young engineers, this
sheet gives further details of the calculations summarised in
SPAN! Support moments are considered at faces of supports;
checks at 1/4 span relate to hogging and any top steel required is
provided in the span.
Def!
This sheet calculates deflections at 1/20th points for each span
and for each load condition. For each point and condition it
considers moment, As, As’, d, d’, uncracked neutral axis depth -
x, uncracked inertia - I, cracked neutral axis depth - x, cracked
inertia – I, uncracked moment capacity – Mcr, z, final x, concrete
stresses – fc, moment of resistance – MoR, curvature -1/r, load,
slope and curvature, etc. to calculate deflection. The sheet is
rather large and is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
79
80
SUPPORTS ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 3.750 250 250 F 3.75 250 250 F
Support 2 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 3 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 4 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 5 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 6
Support 7
LOADING DIAGRAM
C H
LOADING UDLs (kN/m) PLs (kN) Position (m)
Dead Imposed Position Loaded Dead Imposed Position Loaded
Span 1 Load Load from left Length Span 4 Load Load from left Length
UDL 33.0 15.0 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL 33.0 15.0 ~~~~~
PL 1 ~~~~~ PL 1 ~~~~~
PL 2 ~~~~~ PL 2 ~~~~~
Part UDL Part UDL
Span 2 Span 5
UDL 34.2 15.0 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL ~~~~~ ~~~~~
PL 1 ~~~~~ PL 1 ~~~~~
PL 2 ~~~~~ PL 2 ~~~~~
Part UDL Part UDL
Span 3 Span 6
UDL 34.2 15.0 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL ~~~~~ ~~~~~
PL 1 30.0 15.0 2.50 ~~~~~ PL 1 ~~~~~
PL 2 ~~~~~ PL 2 ~~~~~
Part UDL Part UDL
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS LOADED 186.7 448.2 472.4 481.3 182.4
ODD SPANS LOADED 188.4 338.1 348.8 381.9 64.5
EVEN SPANS LOADED 69.2 350.5 321.4 360.1 184.5
Characteristic Dead 84.7 216.6 219.3 233.3 82.5
Characteristic Imposed 45.0 95.5 97.1 99.1 42.8
81
400 300
300 200
200
100
100
0
0
-100
-100
-200 -200
-300 -300
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 179.26 135.23 194.44 173.40 ~ ~
Redistributed M 176.94 127.14 192.72 169.71 ~ ~
ßb 0.987 0.940 0.991 0.979 ~ ~
SHEARS (kN)
400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 245.7 188.5 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 238.8 184.5 ~ ~ ~ ~
COLUMN MOMENTS 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS Above 35.6 -8.3 6.8 1.3 -33.6 kNm
LOADED Below 35.6 -8.3 6.8 1.3 -33.6 kNm
ODD SPANS Above 40.9 -23.5 24.5 -17.7 -9.6 kNm
LOADED Below 40.9 -23.5 24.5 -17.7 -9.6 kNm
EVEN SPANS Above 11.5 11.5 -14.7 19.6 -39.9 kNm
LOADED Below 11.5 11.5 -14.7 19.6 -39.9 kNm
82
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Crack width ok 0.163 ok 0.003 ok 0.228
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Crack width ok 0.235 ok -0.134 ok 0.218
83
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Crack width ok 0.233 ok 0.300 ok 0.266
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok MORE THAN 2 LAYERS ok
max V ok ok
Crack width ok 0.117 ok 0.288 ok 0.301
84
85
Kd = Ambient factor
30 90 210 420 840 2700 5400 10800
60 120 210 420 1860 2700 5400
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.75 0.65 0.5
120 120 1.6 1.4 0.2 30 1.550
1500 1860 1 0.75 0.25 660 0.911 1.000
86
Loads are characteristic and are for the whole bay width (not
SUMMARY! expressed as kN/m2 – unless a 1 m bay width is being analysed).
The self-weight is a user input. The construction load is intended
The first page (top part of the sheet entitled SUMMARY!) shows
to be that required to be applied during transfer (usually 1.5
input for the sub-frame analysis, i.e. dimensions and loads.
kN/m2 ). However, designers should consider the load history of
the slab to ensure worst cases are checked, e.g. temporary loads
Input should be fairly self explanatory. It should be noted that H
while casting floors above. Bay widths in the normal direction
is in the plane of the screen and b, bw etc. at right angles to the
do not affect the loading unless, of course, the user chooses to
plane of the screen. Several warnings are given under Operating
introduce a suitable relationship (in the loads input).
Instructions and with conditional formatting should data be
incorrect.
The current configuration being designed is shown in a chart.
This gives a scale representation of the spans, supports, loads
Supports can be made to be knife-edge by inputting K in column
and an idealised cross section of each member. Charts also show
D: remote ends of columns can be either F for fixed, or P for
representations of the tendon profiles and equivalent loads used
pinned. The line can be left blank. A support width (h below) can
in the analysis. For the tendons, a reversed parabolic profile is
be used in conjunction with a ‘K’ support so that design moments
used but minimum lengths of straight tendon are used at the
are used at the support face.
supports as recommended by Khan(16) . Service equivalent loads
are shown: those at transfer may be viewed at DETAILS!B361:
Data under ‘Normal Direction’ is used for the vibration checks.
N372.
The number of bays affects possible modes of vibration, which is
checked in accordance with CS TR43(14) . The vibration response
The next page (SUMMARY! B67:M79) is the nub of the
factors calculated are accordance with Steel Construction
spreadsheet: it has a number of key inputs and out-puts. These
Institute(18) and Concrete Society guidelines. Vibration should
include inputs of PI / Pj (initial force/ jacking force), Pf / Pj (final
not be a problem in post-tensioned slabs and beams. Normally,
force/ jacking force), number and height of tendons, and amounts
vibration response factors of 12 are used for very busy offices, 8 for
of conventional reinforcement (some of the inputs are necessary
normal offices, or 4 for high specification offices or laboratories
to avoid circular arguments).
where vibration is critical.
With regard to Tendons the spreadsheet automatically calculates
Designers should be aware that the 2005 version of CS TR43-
the number of tendons for each span using an algorithm. The
Appendix G gives revised recommendations on vibration.
algorithm uses either the maximum of the median stress levels,
87
There are also two charts. The ‘efficiency’ chart gives the user
an idea of how hard the section is working or how far it is out. Notes!
The second chart, ultimate limit state moment envelope and
moments of resistance (capacity), should be used in conjunction This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
with choosing amounts of bonded reinforcement.
88
OPTIONS Stressing Ends B (L, R, B) Prestress system U (U, B) Assume 20% max redistribution
Jacking F/strength 0.7 BS 8110 Class 3 (Clause 4.1.3) .
Slab or beam B (B or S) Limiting crack width 0.2 mm .
In slabs, nominal top bonded reinforcement in span? Y (Y or N; use Y for dissimilar spans)
Slab type S (S)olid, (R)ibbed or (W)affle, supported by beam Damping, ζ (2% to 8%) 5%
NOTES on MATERIALS
89
CONFIGURATION BEAM supporting Solid Slab to BS8110 Class 3 (0.2 mm crack width), fcu = 60, Stressed from Both Ends
TENDON PROFILE (heights to strand centre: see heights specified under TENDONS below)
480
300 300
40 43
90
2000
1000
-1000
-2000
-3000
91
STRESSES AT TRANSFER
25
20
15
10
0
Com-Top Com-Btm Ten-Btm x 4 Ten-Top x 4 Com Limit Ten Limit x 4 Col centres
STRESSES IN SERVICE
30
25
20
15
10
0
Com-Top Com-Btm Ten-Btm x 4 Ten-Top x 4 Com Limit Ten Limit x 4 Col centres
92
-1500
(g) DEFLECTION
MAX DEFLECTIONS
15
10
5 7.97
6.88
0
-5 0.0
0.00
-10
-8.4
-15
-13.7
-20 Transfer Final Col centres Zero axis
93
94
DISTRIBUTION FACTORS
SUPT 1 SUPT 2 SUPT 3 SUPT 4
Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col
I 0 1.4E+09 2.8E+10 2.8E+10 0 1.4E+09 2.8E+10 2.8E+10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stiffness 0 3.4E+08 2.3E+09 2.3E+09 0 3.4E+08 2.2E+09 2.2E+09 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum 2.6E+09 4.8E+09 2.2E+09 0
Factor 0.0000 0.1281 0.8719 0.4746 0.0000 0.0697 0.4556 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
HiCol SUPT 1 LoCol HiCol SUPT 2 LoCol HiCol SUPT 3 LoCol HiCol SUPT 4 LoCol
OWN -165.7 165.7 0.0 0.0
WEIGHT 0.0 144.4 21.2 0.0 -78.6 -75.5 -11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
ODD -39.3 72.2 0.0 -37.7 0.0 0.0
SPANS 0.0 34.3 5.0 0.0 -34.3 -32.9 -5.0 0.0 37.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-17.1 17.1 18.9 -16.5 0.0 0.0
0.0 14.9 2.2 0.0 -17.1 -16.4 -2.5 0.0 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-8.5 7.5 8.2 -8.2 0.0 0.0
0.0 7.5 1.1 0.0 -7.5 -7.2 -1.1 0.0 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-3.7 3.7 4.1 -3.6 0.0 0.0
0.0 3.2 0.5 0.0 -3.7 -3.6 -0.5 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-1.9 1.6 1.8 -1.8 0.0 0.0
0.0 1.6 0.2 0.0 -1.6 -1.6 -0.2 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.8 0.8 0.9 -0.8 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 -0.8 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Σ 0.0 -30.4 30.4 0.0 125.1 -104.0 -21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
95
96
-234.4 234.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 111.2 106.8 16.3 0.0 -234.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
55.6 0.0 -117.2 53.4 0.0 0.0
0.0 -48.5 -7.1 0.0 55.6 53.4 8.2 0.0 -53.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
27.8 -24.2 -26.7 26.7 0.0 0.0
0.0 -24.2 -3.6 0.0 24.2 23.2 3.6 0.0 -26.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12.1 -12.1 -13.3 11.6 0.0 0.0
0.0 -10.5 -1.5 0.0 12.1 11.6 1.8 0.0 -11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6.0 -5.3 -5.8 5.8 0.0 0.0
0.0 -5.3 -0.8 0.0 5.3 5.0 0.8 0.0 -5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.6 -2.6 -2.9 2.5 0.0 0.0
0.0 -2.3 -0.3 0.0 2.6 2.5 0.4 0.0 -2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.3 -1.1 -1.3 1.3 0.0 0.0
0.0 -1.1 -0.2 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.0 -1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Σ 0.0 13.5 -13.5 0.0 166.7 -197.9 31.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
97
TENDONS (a) Breaking load = 186.0 Assume 104.2 kN max per strand
Supt 1 Span 1 Supt 2 Span 2 Supt 3 0 0
Pfmin 0 1181.3 1980.2 2217.7 1750.2 -6164.2 0.0 0.0 0 2217.7 min 0
Pfmax 16289.9 4209.4 7334.2 7244.9 4293.3 16234.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4209.4 max
MIN 1980.2 2217.7 0.0
MAX 4209.4 OK 4293.3 OK 0.0 OK 104.2 Pf per strand
Recomm'ed Number 24 26 1 0.225
Actual Number 24 24 0 Max(MIN):Min(MAX) = 0.517
Recomm'ed heights 40 40 0 Margin OK
98
99
100
101
102
f) VIBRATION nx = 2
Span 1 Span 2 0
ny : ly 5 6.000 5 6.000 0 0.000 Khan/Williams Ref
Ix : Iy 3E+10 2E+09 3E+10 2E+09 0 0 (Concrete Society Method)
λx : λy 1.934 5.170 2.015 4.963 0.000 0.000 (9.8)
kx : ky 1.267 1.037 1.246 1.041 0.000 0.000 (9.9, 9.10)
ω 65.41 54.51 65.41 54.51 0.00 0.00
δx : δy 8.56 13.69 13.99 13.69 0.00 0.00
f'x : f'y 6.11 6.32 6.01 4.96 0.00 0.00 (9.11)
fbx : fby 6.11 6.32 6.01 4.96 0.00 0.00 (9.12, 9.13)
fx : fy 6.11 6.32 6.01 4.96 0.00 0.00 (9.14)
Nx : Ny 1.388 2.036 1.404 1.995 1.000 1.000 (9.17, 9.18)
Cx : Cy 246.7 243.4 248.3 275.3 0.0 0.0 (9.19)
Rx : Ry 0.36 0.25 0.35 0.26 0.00 0.00 (9.20)
R 0.60 0.61 0.00 (9.21)
103
104
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location Level 2 - Beam on Grid 7 DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS RMW 11-Apr-2006 85
104
POST-TENSIONED ANALYSIS & DESIGN to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from RCC42.xls v3.0 on CD © 2006 TCC chg - R68
SPAN 1 As(b) = 6283 d = 480 h= 525 bw = 1800 bf = 3000 hf = 200 bd3/12 = 2E+10
Distance 0 525 1050
1650 2250 2850 3450 4050 4650 5250 5850 6450 7050 7650 8250 8850 9450 10050 10650 11175 11700
Element b 263 525 563
600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 563 525 263
17/07/2006 17:06:51
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110 The Concrete Centre
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location Level 2 - Beam on Grid 7 DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS (ii) RMW 11-Apr-2006 105
86
POST-TENSIONED ANALYSIS & DESIGN to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from RCC42.xls v3.0 on CD © 2006 TCC chg - R68
SPAN 2 As(b) = 2262 d = 484 h= 525 bw = 1800 bf = 3000 hf = 200 bd3/12 = 2E+10
Distance 0 550 1100
1725 2350 2975 3600 4225 4850 5475 6100 6725 7350 7975 8600 9225 9850 10475 11100 11725 12350
Element b 275 550 588
625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 313
A 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06
Σ A.Yt 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08 3E+08
Yt 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2 227.2
Yb 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8 297.8
Ixx 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10 3E+10
DEFLECTIONS at TRANSFER
M (SLS 2) 437.0 435.7 332.7 167.2 20.4 -107.7 -217.1 -307.9 -380.0 -433.4 -468.2 -484.3 -481.6 -460.4 -420.4 -361.8 -284.4 -188.4 -73.8 6.7 0.0
1/R 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 2E-07 3E-08 -1E-07 -3E-07 -4E-07 -5E-07 -6E-07 -6E-07 -6E-07 -6E-07 -6E-07 -5E-07 -5E-07 -4E-07 -2E-07 -1E-07 9E-09 6E-21
Load 2E-04 3E-04 3E-04 1E-04 2E-05 -9E-05 -2E-04 -3E-04 -3E-04 -4E-04 -4E-04 -4E-04 -4E-04 -4E-04 -3E-04 -3E-04 -2E-04 -2E-04 -6E-05 5E-06 2E-18
Load x dist 0.022 0.172 0.281 0.235 0.039 -0.261 -0.638 -1.061 -1.504 -1.936 -2.33 -2.657 -2.888 -2.995 -2.949 -2.722 -2.286 -1.61 -0.668 0.064 2E-14
End slope -8E-04 -0.002
Span δ 0 -0.53 -1.25 -2.23 -3.30 -4.38 -5.40 -6.31 -7.07 -7.63 -7.97 -8.07 -7.92 -7.53 -6.91 -6.06 -5.04 -3.87 -2.60 -1.30 0
Cant δ 0 -25.08 -24.66 -24.34 -24.10 -23.88 -23.60 -23.21 -22.67 -21.93 -20.97 -19.77 -18.32 -16.63 -14.71 -12.57 -10.24 -7.77 -5.20 -2.60 0
δ 0 -0.53 -1.25 -2.23 -3.30 -4.38 -5.40 -6.31 -7.07 -7.63 -7.97 -8.07 -7.92 -7.53 -6.91 -6.06 -5.04 -3.87 -2.60 -1.30 0
DEFLECTIONS - LONGTERM
M (SLS 7) -327.0 -124.4 -30.4 12.9 52.5 88.6 121.0 149.7 174.9 196.3 214.2 228.4 239.0 245.9 249.2 248.9 244.9 237.3 226.0 163.0 0.0
1/R -1E-06 -4E-07 -1E-07 4E-08 2E-07 3E-07 4E-07 5E-07 6E-07 6E-07 7E-07 7E-07 8E-07 8E-07 8E-07 8E-07 8E-07 8E-07 7E-07 5E-07 1E-20
Load -3E-04 -2E-04 -6E-05 3E-05 1E-04 2E-04 2E-04 3E-04 3E-04 4E-04 4E-04 5E-04 5E-04 5E-04 5E-04 5E-04 5E-04 5E-04 5E-04 3E-04 4E-18
Load x dist -0.039 -0.12 -0.063 0.044 0.246 0.525 0.868 1.261 1.69 2.143 2.604 3.061 3.501 3.909 4.272 4.576 4.808 4.954 5.001 3.809 5E-14
End slope 0.002 0.004
Span δ 0 1.10 2.37 3.84 5.29 6.68 7.96 9.09 10.04 10.76 11.24 11.45 11.38 11.01 10.34 9.35 8.06 6.46 4.56 2.38 0
Cant δ 0 46.06 45.23 44.32 43.39 42.40 41.30 40.05 38.61 36.95 35.05 32.88 30.43 27.68 24.62 21.26 17.58 13.60 9.32 4.76 0
δ 0.0 1.1 2.4 3.8 5.3 6.7 8.0 9.1 10.0 10.8 11.2 11.5 11.4 11.0 10.3 9.4 8.1 6.5 4.6 2.4 0.0
DEFLECTIONS - IMPOSED
M(SLS 4-7) -460.7 -367.5 -281.0 -191.1 -109.8 -37.3 26.4 81.4 127.6 165.1 193.9 213.9 225.1 227.6 221.3 206.3 182.5 150.0 108.8 58.8 0.0
1/R -5E-07 -4E-07 -3E-07 -2E-07 -1E-07 -4E-08 3E-08 8E-08 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 6E-08 0
Load -1E-04 -2E-04 -2E-04 -1E-04 -7E-05 -2E-05 2E-05 5E-05 8E-05 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 7E-05 4E-05 0
Load x dist -0.018 -0.113 -0.185 -0.209 -0.164 -0.071 0.06 0.218 0.393 0.574 0.751 0.913 1.051 1.153 1.209 1.209 1.142 0.998 0.767 0.438 0
End slope -1E-04 8E-04
Span δ 0 -0.03 0.08 0.30 0.60 0.94 1.30 1.64 1.96 2.22 2.42 2.54 2.57 2.52 2.38 2.15 1.83 1.45 1.00 0.51 0
Cant δ 0 9.64 9.29 9.00 8.79 8.62 8.46 8.30 8.10 7.85 7.54 7.15 6.67 6.11 5.45 4.71 3.88 2.98 2.02 1.02 0
δ 0 -0.03 0.08 0.30 0.60 0.94 1.30 1.64 1.96 2.22 2.42 2.54 2.57 2.52 2.38 2.15 1.83 1.45 1.00 0.51 0
105
RCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs & Beams (A & D).xls
17/07/2006 17:06:54
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110 The Concrete Centre
106
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location Level 2 - Beam on Grid 7 DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS (iii) RMW 11-Apr-2006 106
86
POST-TENSIONED ANALYSIS & DESIGN to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from RCC42.xls v3.0 on CD © 2006 TCC chg - R68
SPAN 3 As(b) = 0 d = -45 h= 0 bw = 0 bf = 0 hf = 0 bd3/12 = 0
Distance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Element b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 31188 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04 1E-04
Σ A.Yt 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 -1E-04 -1E-04 -1E-04 -1E-04 -1E-04 -1E-04
Yt 45 45 45 45 45 45 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Yb -45 -45 -45 -45 -45 -45 -43 -43 -43 -43 -43 -43 -43 -43 -43 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ixx 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.192 0.192 0.192 0.192 0.192 0.192
DEFLECTIONS at TRANSFER
M (SLS 3) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1/R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Load x dist 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
End slope 0 0
Span δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Cant δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
DEFLECTIONS - LONGTERM
M (SLS 7) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1/R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Load x dist 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
End slope 0 0
Span δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Cant δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
DEFLECTIONS - IMPOSED
M(SLS 5-7) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1/R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Load x dist 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
End slope 0 0
Span δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Cant δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
δ 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
17/07/2006 17:06:57
RCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls
107
Graf!
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and ACTIONS!:
it is not intended for formal printing.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
108
SUPPORTS ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 3.75 300 300 F 3.75 300 300 F
Support 2 3.75 300 300 F 3.75 300 300 F
Support 3 3.75 300 300 F 3.75 300 300 F
Support 4 3.75 300 300 F 3.75 300 300 F
Support 5 3.75 300 300 F 3.75 300 300 F
Support 6
Support 7
LOADING DIAGRAM
1 3
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS LOADED 271.5 1037.5 1178.6 965.4 134.2
ODD SPANS LOADED 323.2 637.7 889.8 830.3 -19
EVEN SPANS LOADED 74.4 831.0 907.4 539.8 214.1
Characteristic Dead 126.1 464.7 551.6 438.4 61.4 0.0 0.0
Max Service Imposed 71.1 236.7 273.4 210.0 63.0 0.0 0.0
Min Service Imposed -16.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -32.9 0.0 0.0
109
1200 1000
1000 800
800
600
600
400
400
200 200
0 0
-200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-200
-400
-400
-600
-800 -600
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 95.0 661.2 888.9 661.3 33.6 ~ kNm/m
Redistributed M 95.0 661.2 755.6 661.3 33.6 ~ kNm/m
ßb 1.000 1.000 0.850 1.000 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 291.64 561.87 542.57 136.11 ~ ~
Redistributed M 291.64 533.32 528.36 136.11 ~ ~
ßb 1.000 0.949 0.974 1.000 ~ ~
SHEARS (kN)
800 800
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
-800 -800
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 323.2 471.5 570.4 605.1 604.6 570.3
Redistributed V 323.2 471.5 566.0 592.4 589.0 563.0
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 406.1 214.1 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 406.1 214.1 ~ ~ ~ ~
COLUMN MOMENTS
(kNm) 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS Above 29.7 25.9 4.7 -42.8 0.2
LOADED Below 29.7 25.9 4.7 -42.8 0.2
ODD SPANS Above 47.5 -20.6 57.2 -61.9 17.1
LOADED Below 47.5 -20.6 57.2 -61.9 17.1
EVEN SPANS Above -3.8 57.5 -49.2 -0.8 -16.8
LOADED Below -3.8 57.5 -49.2 -0.8 -16.8
110
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
111
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
112
The spreadsheet is set up in such a way that one column size As explained under Operator Instructions deleting a level will
(input in CDES!) is used throughout the height of the column ‘grey-out’ subsequent columns and set spans to 0.0 m. Enter
location and that the critical section for design occurs where axial data (and delete any subsequent hatches, #####) or equate
load is at its maximum. cells to previous cells (avoid copying cells across) to get up to
10 levels of load take down. Deleting or setting a value of 0 in
The example is based on Designed and detailed (15) but differs in columns G to P will ‘grey-out’ values to the right, which will be
several respects: set at 0.0. Generally, input values are carried through to the right.
Red figures or red backgrounds mean inconsistent or incorrect
■ Seven storeys used in the example rather than three (in order data entries. Overwrite if incorrect.
to demonstrate automatic input adequately)
Slab spans may be parallel to x or y, or two-way spanning.
■ No special account taken of roof loadings (in order to
Troughed slabs may be modelled by using the topping thickness
demonstrate automatic input adequately) for the slab and adding widths of ribs within a bay to the width
■ All columns are taken as 4.00 m long (again, in order to of the beam.
demonstrate automatic input adequately)
■ Load distribution according to BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.8.2.3, Some input (highlighted in magenta) defaults to values from
i.e. reaction factors of 0.5 are used for loads from adjacent other sheets. For instance column dimensions are input in CDES!
spans rather than results of analysis or using shear force The user may immediately see whether the design is viable or not
factors from BS 8110: Part 1 Tables 3.5 and/or 3.12. and change dimensions accordingly. These cells are not protected
so can be overwritten: beware. For troughed slabs use topping
■ No double counting of floor slabs due to allowances for floor
thickness and aggregate width of ribs with width of beam.
slabs in design of, therefore reactions from, edge beams
spanning parallel to floor slab span.
Reduction factors for live load to according to BS 6399: Part 1(19)
Clause 5.2 are automatically applied to axial load unless specified
As a default the level with maximum axial load with concurrent
otherwise.
maximum moment, i.e. the bottom level, is chosen for
consideration in DESMMNTS! (derivation of design moments)
and CDES! (design). The user may investigate other levels by
choosing the appropriate level in the combo-box on the right
DESMMNTS!
hand side of CDES!.
The basic design procedure is covered in BS 8110: Part 1 Clause
3.8. In order to determine design moments several inputs are
Unbraced columns may be designed, but the spreadsheet
required:
demands some input of applied moment in LOADTD! in the
appropriate axis. If the column is unbraced then it must be part of ■ Values of ß for braced and unbraced columns are required
a stability frame – if only nominally – with moments that should at G15:H15, see Clause 3.8.1.6 and Tables 3.19 and 3.20 as
be input as applied moments in LOADTD! shown overleaf.
■ Whether the column is braced or un-braced – see BS 8110:
Part 1, Clause 3.8.1.5.
LOADTD! ■ In order to evaluate Nuz and thus K accurately, an initial
assessment of the area of reinforcement, As, is required
Input is self explanatory but, in order to facilitate use of this at cell N22. An indication of the probable percentage of
spreadsheet, some degree of automation has been introduced. reinforcement is given at Q23 (automation of this figure
It is vital that input data is hand checked to ensure the loads would cause a circular reference error in the spreadsheet). If
are described properly. It is also advised that a clean version of As is set at 0% then effectively K = 1, which is conservative
the spreadsheet should be used for each column analysed and (see BS 8110: Part 1, equation 33 and definitions under
designed (i.e. reload the base spreadsheet each time). Clause 3.8.1.1).
113
1 2 3 1 2 3
4 - - - 2.20 - -
Condition 1 - column monolithically connected to beam at least as deep as the column in the plane
considered (or foundation specifically designed for moment)
Condition 2 - column monolithically connected to beams or slabs shallower than the column in the plane
considered
Condition 3- column connected to members which will provide some nominal restraint
Condition 4- column unrestrained
NOTE: Taken from BS 8110 Tables 3.19 and 3.20
CDES! Ltdcalcs!
As in COLUMN! within RCC11.xls, this sheet designs symmetrical This sheet shows workings for the load take-down and is not
rectangular columns where both axial load, N, and design necessarily intended for printing out other than for checking
moment, Mx or My (see BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.8.2, 3 and 4) purposes. Load distribution works according to BS 8110: Part 1,
have been calculated from previous sheets. CDES! iterates x/h to Clause 3.8.2.3 – “…axial force in a column may be calculated on
determine where the neutral axis lies. The sheet includes stress the assumption that beams and slabs transmitting force into it
and strain diagrams to aid comprehension of the final design are simply supported”.
(please refer to notes regarding COLUMN! in
RCC11.xls).
Stiffs!
The spreadsheet is set up in such a way that one column size
(input in CDES!) is used throughout the height of the column This sheet shows workings for beam and column stiffnesses
location and that the critical section for design occurs where axial and is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
load is at its maximum. checking purposes.
Other levels can be investigated by choosing the appropriate In the determination of section properties, beams are considered
level from the combo-box located under Operating Instructions. full height – beam widths are deducted from slab widths. Moment
Always ensure that the size of column designed is correct for the distribution works according to BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.2.1.2.5
level under consideration. – “… beams possess half their actual stiffness”.
114
INPUT 1-2
3
Location Edge Column B1 (akin to D&D) y concrete density, kN/m 24.0
fgk 1.40
Orientation A-B x x B-C H fqk 1.60
y
n/a
Level 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dimensions
Spans Cl to Cl A-B m 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
B-C m 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
1-2 m 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
n/a m 0.00
Slab thickness (solid) mm 175 175 175 175 175 175 175
span direction,(II to) x, y or b x x x x x x x
Beams width A-B mm 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
depth o/a A-B mm 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
width B-C mm 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
depth o/a B-C mm 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
width 1-2 mm 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
depth o/a 1-2 mm 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
width n/a mm 0
depth o/a n/a mm 0
Level 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0
Loads (characteristic uno)
Slab (inc swt.) gk kN/m2 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
qk kN/m2 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Beams (swt.) gk kN/m included included included included included included included included included included
line loads (-extra over slab loads and beam self weight)
A-B gk kN/m 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
qk kN/m 0.0
B-C gk kN/m 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
qk kN/m 0.0
1-2 gk kN/m 0.0
qk kN/m 0.0
n/a gk kN/m 0.0
qk kN/m 0.0
115
116
0.00027
53 Notes
2
-0.00044 Stresses in N/mm
Compression +ve
117
MAIN!
Main! contains all input and output data, Bending is assumed to
be about the x - x, i.e. horizontal axis, and the input moment
is assumed to be the maximum design moment as defined in BS
8110 i.e. including Madd etc and in the correct orientation.
Where more than two bars are required per face, the user may
choose to specify a similar arrangement of bars on the side
faces in order to avoid confusion in detailing and fixing. In this
respect, there is also a question regarding design. To an extent
all columns are bi-axially bent and BS 8110 directs that bi-axially
bent columns are effectively designed about one axis only (by
adding moment in the critical direction to account for moment
in the non-critical direction). By implication the second axis is
not designed specifically.
One reason for adding side bars (when three, four or more bars
are required T & B) in square(ish) sections, is to ensure that the
second axis is catered for. Ideally with BS 8110, the resultant
axis should be found and calculations done accordingly. But this
presumes that the arrangement of bars is known to start with.
With BS 5400 and CP 110 checks are carried out on a chosen
section about both axes. Bi-axially bent columns are dealt with
in RCC53.xls
118
MATERIALS
fcu 30 N/mm² γm 1.15 steel Cover 30 mm
fy 500 N/mm² γm 1.5 concrete h agg 20 mm
steel class A
SECTION
h 400 mm
b 400 mm X X SINGLE AXIS
with 3 bars per face BENDING
All bars in 400 wide faces
BAR ARRANGEMENTS
Type Bar Ø Asc % Link Ø Bar c/c Nbal (kN) Nuz (kN) Checks
H 32 3.02 8 146.0 1113.7 4177.4 ok
H 25 1.84 8 149.5 1104.4 3385.1 ok
H 20 1.18 6 154.0 1106.9 2938.3 ok
H 16 0.75 6 156.0 1105.8 2652.3 ok
H 12 0.42 6 158.0 1106.2 2429.9 ok
H 10 0.00 6 159.0 0.0 0.0 < 0.4% - ignored
N:M INTERACTION CHART for 400 x 400 column, grade C30, 30 mm cover and 3 bars on
400 mm faces
4500
M min KEY
4000
6H32
3500
AXIAL COMPRESSION, N, kN
6H25
3000 3000
2500 6H20
2000 6H16
1850
1500 1500 6H12
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
MOMENT Mx
kNm
LOADCASES Load case N (kN) Mx' (kNm) Load case N (kN) Mx' (kNm)
A1 top 500 200 6 H20 4 1500 150 6 H16
A1 bot 1850 100 6 H16 5 1000 150 6 H12
A2 bot 3000 50 6 H25 6 1000 50 6 H12
119
RCC53.xls also gives interaction charts, showing axial load against CHARTS!
moment for the critical axis for symmetrical rectangular sections
of specified size, strength and reinforcement arrangement. The CHARTS! shows two charts, one chart for when Mxx is critical and
user may try different arrangements of reinforcement. It also one for when Myy is critical. These Axial load:Moment interaction
provides designs for input load cases, which are plotted on the charts for the specified section also show relevant input load
relevant x- or y- axis chart. cases. The charts show lines for 0.1 fcuAc and Mmin (i.e. emin N). The
user should be aware that all load cases should be within the
RCC53.xls takes account of any side-bars. boundaries of these lines. Due to a quirk in Excel, load cases can
only be identified by axial load, N, on the charts.
MAIN!
MAIN! contains all input data and gives designs for the input load
cases.
Guidance for the input is given within the spreadsheet but users
should be familiar with BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.8 which deals
with column design. The input moments under LOADCASES are
the initial end moments due to ultimate design loads is defined
in BS 8110 about the appropriate axes for slender columns. The
spreadsheet calculates the additional design ultimate moment
induced by deflection of column (Madd), the critical direction for
bi-axial bending and the design moment.
120
MATERIALS
fcu 35 N/mm² γm, steel 1.15 Cover to link 30 mm
fy 500 N/mm² γm, conc 1.5 h agg 20 mm
steel class A
SECTION
h 400 mm
b 300 mm
with 3 #N/A X X
and 3 #N/A
#N/A
121
4000
3500 3500
8H32
AXIAL LOAD, kN
3000
2500 8H25
2000 8H20
1500
8H16
1000 1000
8H12
500 500 0.1fcuAc
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Mx' kNm
My min
4500 KEY
4000
3500
8H32
AXIAL LOAD kN
3000 3000
8H25
2500 2500
2000 8H20
1500
8H16
1200
1000
8H12
500 0.1fcuAc
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
My' kNm
122
MAIN!
MAIN! contains all input data. It charts the relevant interaction
diagram and gives designs for the input load cases.
Some guidance for the input is given within the spreadsheet but
users should be familiar with BS 8110 Part 1, Clause 3.8 Columns.
The input moments should be the maximum design moments as
defined in BS 8110.
Calcs!
For each bar diameter size Calcs! works out the co-ordinates for
the N-M interaction diagram. Calcs! first works out the geometry
for columns with up to 16 bars, specifically the neutral axis depth
associated with no axial load, i.e. for N=0. Then for increments
of neutral axis depth, moment and axial load capacities are
calculated. The size of the increment is increased when neutral
axis depth exceeds 2/3d, i.e. as axial load predominates and less
accuracy is necessary.
Circle!
Circle! provides geometrical data for truncated circular sections
as look-up data for other sheets, notably for Calcs!
Cases!
For each load case, Cases! determines the smallest bar diameter
that satisfies the axial load and moment requirements. The input
load is used to look up the appropriate capacities from Calcs!.
These capacities are then used to determine the maximum
moment allowable with the specified axial load.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
123
MATERIALS
fcu 35 N/mm² γm 1.15 steel Cover 30 mm
fy 500 N/mm² γm 1.5 concrete h agg 20 mm
steel class A
SECTION h 475 mm with 8 bars
BAR ARRANGEMENTS
Type Bar Ø Asc % Link Ø Bar c/c Nbal (kN) Nuz (kN) Checks
H 40 5.67 10 139.4 719 6984 ok
H 32 3.63 8 144.1 948 5467 ok
H 25 2.22 8 146.9 1028 4416 ok
H 20 1.42 6 150.4 1142 3824 ok
H 16 0.91 6 152.0 1152 3445 ok
H 12 0.51 6 153.5 1293 3150 ok
6000
AXIAL COMPRESSION, N, kN
8H40
5000 8H32
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
MOMENT M, kNm
124
This single sheet consists of the main inputs. Most inputs, which By using the buttons at L37:L40, the user should toggle between
are in blue and underlined, should be self-explanatory. The top maximum and minimum values to ascertain worst case(s)
diagram defines most input parameters. Please note that unless (perhaps this will be automated some time).
the Marker and Tekton fonts are loaded into the Windows font
folder the diagram will not display correctly. A simplistic chart In the case of sliding, where sliding resistance of the base alone is
shows the geometry of a section of the wall and base. insufficient, the user may choose, outside of the spreadsheet, to
rely on a propping force through the basement slab.
The spreadsheet is based on a number of assumptions, which
should be assessed as being true or erring on the safe side in each
case. DESIGN!
These assumptions are: The first page of this sheet tabulates moments and shears.
Input of eccentricity of vertical load, reinforcement diameters
■ Wall friction is zero
and centres is required for main bending steel on both internal
■ Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH and external faces and for transverse reinforcement. The
■ Granular backfill is used spreadsheet works on the principle of checking a proposed
125
The second page details the design of both outer and inner parts
of the base. Again, the spreadsheet works on the principle of
checking a proposed section, and input of both reinforcement
diameter and centres is required for both main bending and
transverse reinforcement.
WEIGHT!
This sheet shows the build up to the estimate of reinforcement
weight given. The figures should be treated as approximate
estimates only as they cannot deal with the effects of designers’
and detailers’ preferences, rationalisation, etc.
Diagrams!
Diagrams! shows data for the charts used in other sheets but is
not necessarily intended for printing out other than for checking
purposes.
Crack width!
This sheet shows calculations to determine crack widths in the
wall. It is not necessarily intended for printing out, other than for
checking purposes.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
126
DIMENSIONS(mm)
H= 3000 B= 3500 Tw = 225
Hw = 0 BI = 150 Tb = 350
He = 2500
SOIL PROPERTIES
Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l (Ø) = 30 degree
Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) = 0 kN/m2 (Only granular backfill considered, ie "C" = 0)
Density of retained mat'l (q ) = 20 kN/m3
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) = 13.33 kN/m3 (default=2/3 of q), only apply when Hw >0
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (Øb) = 20 degree = 20.00
Design cohesion of base mat'l (Cb ) = 0 kN/m2 ASSUMPTIONS
Density of base mat'l (qb ) = 10 kN/m3 a) Wall friction is zero
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) = 150 kN/m2 b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
LOADINGS (unfactored) c) Granular backfill
Surcharge load -- live (SQK) = 10 kN/m2 h) Design not intended for walls over 3.5 m high
Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) = 10 kN/m2 i)Does not include check for temp or shrinkage eff
Line load -- live (LQK) = 15 kN/m
Line load -- dead (LGK) = 20 kN/m
Distance of line load from wall (X) = 250 mm
Wall load -- live (WQK) = 50 kN/m
Wall load -- Dead (WGK) = 50 kN/m
127
1) Wall idealised as a propped cantilever ( i.e. pinned at top and fixed at base )
2) Wall is braced.
3) Maximum slenderness of wall is limited to 15, i.e [ 0.9*(He-Tb/2)/Tw < 15 ]
4) Maximum Ultimate axial load on wall is limited to 0.1fcu times the wall cross-sectional area
5) Design Span (Effective wall height) = He - (Tb/2)
6) -ve moment is hogging ( i.e. tension at external face of wall )
+ve moment is sagging ( i.e. tension at internal face of wall )
7) " Wall MT. " is maximum +ve moment on the wall.
8) Estimated lateral deflections are used for checking the P ∆ effect .
Force Lever arm Base MT. Wall MT. Reaction at Reaction at Estimated Elastic
Lateral Force (kN) to base (m) (kNm) (kNm) Base (kN) Top (kN) Deflection ∆ (mm)
PE = 26.98 0.78 -10.11 4.14 23.15 3.82 0.2
PS(GK) = 11.62 1.16 -4.68 2.54 8.50 3.13 0.2
PS(QK) = 11.62 1.16 -4.68 2.54 8.50 3.13 0.1
PL(GK) = 10.00 2.12 -3.32 4.48 3.69 6.31 0.1
PL(QK) = 7.50 2.12 -2.49 3.36 2.77 4.73 0.0
PW = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0
Total 67.73 -25.28 17.06 46.61 21.12 0.6
Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) BEARING PRESSURE
Wall load = 100 1.49 148.75 (kN/m²)
0.00 3.50
Wall (sw) = 14.31 1.49 21.29 0
Base = 29.40 0.00 0.00
Earth = 6.45 1.68 10.80 50
Water = 0.00 1.68 0.00
Surcharge = 1.50 1.68 2.51 100
200
MOMENT due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo = -18.11 kNm
SLIDING AT BASE (using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety fa F.O.S = 1.50
128
1.13
Due to eccentricity of axial loads, M ecc = 18.8 kNm
Due to P∆ effect, Mp = 0.08 kNm
1.70
2.26
Total Mmt on EXTERNAL face (Mext+0.5Mecc) = -46.2 kNm
2.83
129
CHECK CRACK WIDTH IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS8100/8007 : Temp & shrinkage effects not included
X= 60.69 mm εm = -0.0017 BS8007
Acr = 115.54 mm W= -0.38 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2
NO CRACKING
CHECK CRACK WIDTH IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS8100/8007 : Temp & shrinkage effects not included
X= 60.69 mm εm = -0.0006 BS8007
Acr = 115.54 mm W= -0.14 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2
NO CRACKING
130
131
This single sheet consists of the main inputs. Most inputs, which The spreadsheet is based on a number of assumptions which
are in blue and underlined, should be self-explanatory. The top should be assessed as being true or erring on the safe side in each
diagram defines most input parameters. Please note that unless case. These are:
the Marker and Tekton fonts are loaded into the Windows font
folder the diagram will not display correctly.
■ Wall friction is zero
The designer should determine the ‘Design Soil Parameters’ ■ Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH. A minimum active
based on the combinations in BS 8002 which will give the worst pressure of 0.25H (made to be a function of soil property rather
credible loads i.e. the design values should be the lower of (a) the than an arbitrary value equivalent to approx. 5 kN/m3 per m
132
133
Project
Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client
Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location 134
Grid line 1 rc 12-Apr-2006 101
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from 'R
RCC62.xls ' v3.0 © 2006 TCC chg - R68
WARNING :
Passive pressure should
only be considered if it
can be guaranteed that
there will be no future
excavation in front of
the wall.
DIMENSIONS (mm)
H= 3250 B= 4000 Tw = 300
Hw = 1500 BI = 1200 Tb = 300
Hp = 300 BN = 0 TN = 0
Hn = 0
MATERIAL PROPERTIES steel class A
fcu = 35 N/mm² γm = 1.5 concrete
fy = 500 N/mm² γm = 1.15 steel
cover to tension steel = 50 mm
Max allowable design surface crack width (W) = 0.3 mm (0.2 or 0.3
mm only)
Concrete density = 24 kN/m³
SOIL PROPERTIES Wall Geometry
Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l (Ø) = 30 degree
Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) = 0 kN/m² (Only granular backfil considered, "C" = zero)
Density of retained mat'l (q ) = 20 kN/m³
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) = 5.00 kN/m³ [default=2/3*q (only apply when Hw13.33
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (Øb) = 20 degree ASSUMPTIONS
Design cohesion of base material (Cb ) = 10 kN/m² a) Wall friction is zero
Density of base material (qb ) = 10 kN/m³ b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) = 200 kN/m² c) Granular backfill
d)Does not include check of rotational slide/slope f
LOADINGS Surcharge load -- live (SQK) = 10 kN/m² e)Does not include effect of seepage of ground
Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) = 10 water beneath the wall.
Line load -- live (LQK) = 10.3 kN/m f)Does not include deflection check of wall due to
Line load -- dead (LGK) = 43 kN/m lateral earth pressures
Distance of line load from wall (X) = 0 mm h) Design not intended for walls over 3.0 m high
i) Does not include check for temp. or shrinkage eff
LATERAL FORCES (unfactored) Ka = 0.33 [ default ka = (1-SIN Ø)/(1+SIN Ø) ] 0.33
Kp = 2.04 [ default kp = (1+SIN Øb)/(1-SIN Øb 2.04
Kpc = 2.86 [ default kpc = 2kp0.5 ] = 2.86
Kac = 1.15 [ 2ka0.5 ]
134
SLIDING (using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor) F.O.S = 1.50
PASSIVE FORCE, Pp x Reduction factor (1) = -9.49 kN Red'n factor for passive force = 1.00
BASE FRICTION ( ¦ V TANØb + B Cb ) = -138.36 kN
Sum of FORCES RESISTING SLIDING, Pr = -147.85 kN
GROUND BEARING FAIL Taking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+") :
Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) BEARING PRESSURE (KN/m²)
4.00 0.00
Wall = 21.24 0.65 13.81 0
Base = 28.80 0.00 0.00
Nib = 0.00 2.00 0.00
Earth = 102.50 -0.75 -76.88
Water = 30.00 -0.75 -22.50
50
Surcharge= 50.00 -0.75 -37.50
Line load = 53.30 0.50 26.65
¦V= 285.84 ¦ Mv = -96.42
135
MOMENT (KNm)
MAIN REINFORCEMENT :
0 50 100 Min. As = 390 mm2 Table 3.25
0.00 φ= 20 mm
centres = 150 mm < 364 OK 3.12.11.2.7(b)
top >
2
0.59 Asprov = 2094 mm > 390 OK
MOMENT of RESISTANCE :
1.18
WALL (m)
d= 240 mm
z= 210.88 mm 3.4.4.4
2
1.77 As' = 0 mm
Mres = 192.03 kNm > 85.46 OK
< base
2.36
SHEAR RESISTANCE:
100 As/bd = 0.87%
2
2.95 vc = 0.77 N/mm Table 3.8
Vres = 184.24 kN > 75.15 OK 3.5.5.2
Ultimate Bending Moment Diagram
136
CHECK CRACK WIDTH TO BS8110/BS8007 : (Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 80.69 mm εm = 0.00054 BS8007
Acr = 86.81 mm W= 0.11 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2
CHECK CRACK WIDTH to BS8100/ BS8007 : (Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 80.69 mm εm = -0.0003 BS8007
Acr = 86.81 mm W= -0.05 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2
137
SUMMARY Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg) 274.4
138
LANDING!
Again, this single sheet consists of the input and main output.
Input defaults in magenta have been derived from FLIGHT! but
may be overwritten. Calculations are done per metre width of
landing.
Dias!
Dias! calculates the reinforcement sizes and reinforcement
percentages for deflection modification factors used in FLIGHT!
and LANDING!
139
MATERIALS
fcu 35 N/mm² γm 1.5 concrete Min bar Ø = 10
fy 500 N/mm² γm 1.15 steel Max bar Ø = 16
h agg 20 mm steel class A
Cover 25 mm Density 23.6 kN/m³ Nominal top steel ? Y
(Normal weight concrete)
DIMENSIONS Sectional Elevation
LOADING
Imposed 4.00 kN/m² 47.08 kN/m ult 37.81 kN/m ult
Flight finishes 1.60 kN/m² (20.87 + 11.16) (16.91 + 8.84)
Landing finishes 1.30 kN/m²
DESIGN
LANDING A, gk = 4.13 + 1.30 = 5.43 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 5.43 + 1.6 x 4.0 = 14.00 kN/m²
FLIGHT, gk = 7.78 + 1.60 = 9.38 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 9.38 + 1.6 x 4.0 = 19.53 kN/m²
LANDING C, gk = 4.72 + 1.30 = 6.02 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 6.02 + 1.6 x 4.0 = 14.83 kN/m²
140
MATERIALS
fcu 35 N/mm² γm 1.5 concrete Min bar Ø = 10
fy 500 N/mm² γm 1.15 steel Max bar Ø = 16
h agg 20 mm Density 23.6 kN/m³
Cover 25 mm (Normal weight concrete) Nominal top steel ? Y
DIMENSIONS
a = 1200 mm depth, h = 175 mm
b = 1200 mm width, w = 1200 mm
c = 250 mm
d = 175 mm L = 3000 mm
LOADING
LANDING Imposed 4.00 kN/m² 79.3 kN ult 74.0 kN ult
Finishes 1.50 kN/m² 66.1 kN/m ult 61.6 kN/m ult
Slab 4.13 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 5.63 + 1.6 x 4.0 = 14.28 kN/m²
gk qk
Flight a reaction 20.87 11.16 kN/m n1 = (1.4 x 20.87 + 1.6 x 11.16)/1.20 = 39.23 kN/m²
Flight b reaction 16.91 8.84 kN/m n2 = (1.4 x 16.91 + 1.6 x 8.84)/1.20 = 31.51 kN/m²
DESIGN
Zero shear is at (66.11 - 2.50) /(14.28 + 39.23) + 0.175 = 1.364 m from left
M = 66.11 x 1.364 - 14.28 x 1.364²/2 - 39.23 x 1.189²/2 = 49.15 kNm/m
d = 175 - 25 - 8 = 142 mm K = 0.0696 As = 870 mm²/m
PROVIDE H16 @ 200 B = 1005 mm²/m
Enhanced by 12.7 % for deflection H10 @ 325 T in span
L/d = 3,000 /142 = 21.127 < 20.0 x 1.021 = 21.516 allowed OK
141
STAIRCORE!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. Inputs
are in blue and underlined and most should be self-explanatory.
Dias!
Dias! calculates the reinforcement sizes and reinforcement
percentages for deflection modification factors used in
STAIRCORE!
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
142
MATERIALS Plans
fcu 35 N/mm² γm 1.5 concrete
fy 500 N/mm² γm 1.15 steel
h agg 20 mm steel class A
Cover 20 mm Density 23.6 kN/m³
(Normal weight concrete)
DIMENSIONS No of Flights = 6
A = 1200 mm B= 150 mm bearing
C = 250 mm Going = 250 mm
FLIGHT 1
Waist = 150 mm a = 2.350 m
b = 0.600 m
Waist 4.20 L = 2.950 m
Steps 1.88
Finishes 0.50
6.57 kN/m²
n1 = 1.4x6.57+1.6x4.00 14.60 kN/m 22.06 kN/m
= 15.60 kN/m²
M = 22.06 x 1.414 / 2 = 15.60 kNm/m d = 125 mm K = 0.0285
As = 363 mm² PROVIDE 5 H10 @ 270 B = 393 mm² L/d = 23.600 < 25.863 allowed OK
FLIGHT 2
Waist = 150 mm a = 2.500 m b = 0.600 m c = 0.600 m
L = 3.700 m
Waist 4.20
Steps 1.88
Finishes 0.50
6.57 kN/m² n2 = 15.60 kN/m² 19.50 kN/m 19.50 kN/m
143
LANDING 1 +1.750 m
h = 150 mm L = 2.800 m
144
FLIGHT 5
Waist = 150 mm a = 2.500 m b = 0.600 m c = 0.600 m
L = 3.700 m
Waist 4.20
Steps 1.88
Finishes 0.50
6.57 kN/m² n5 = 15.60 kN/m² 19.50 19.50
145
The spreadsheet does not allow for punching shear links – Suggestions are made, under the Operating Instructions column
bending reinforcement is increased to ensure allowable shear, vc, at L31:L35, for the optimum plan size of the base and eccentricities
is adequate. The user should note that punching shear perimeters given the column offsets from one another.
can jump from being rectangular to being two- or three-sided,
leading to unexpectedly large increases in reinforcement for The user’s attention is drawn to the fact that the analysis is done
increases in base thickness. Information from BS 8110: Part 1, in two orthogonal directions. When column eccentricities are
Clause 3.7.7.8 and Figure 3.19 has yet to be fully incorporated in large in both directions the analysis may not account adequately
this spreadsheet. for local effects (e.g. bottom cantilever moments on two sides of
each column – loads in opposite corners gives bottom moments of
Warnings are given if columns encroach within 100 mm of an 0 kNm). In such cases, it may be better to change the orientation
edge. of the base in such a way that eccentricity in one direction is
minimal. Warnings about double eccentricities are given when
the distances between column centrelines exceed 15% of the
SINGLE! relevant base dimension in each orthogonal direction.
Suggestions are made, under the Operating Instructions column Comparison with FE analysis suggests this is reasonable so long
at L12, for the optimum plan size of the base. as the base is thick and rigid.
Where two centres are given, e.g. 14 T16 @ 200 & 325 B2, the
reinforcement is subject to BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.11.3.2 and Det2!
different centres are required, bars need to be grouped closer in
the central part of the base. This sheet shows workings and is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes.
146
DIMENSIONS mm
BASE COLUMN
L = 3000 h = 500
B = 3000 b = 500
depth H = 500
ex = 0 ey = 0
PUNCHING SHEAR . .
d ave = 425 mm u crit = 7100 mm
As prov = 0.501 % v max = 2.782 N/mm² at col face
v = 0.541 N/mm² vc = 0.553 N/mm²
147
DIMENSIONS mm
BASE COLUMN 1 (rhs) COLUMN 2 (lhs)
L= 6000 h1 = 450 h2 = 450
B= 5000 b1 = 450 b2 = 450
depth H = 800
Σex = 3000 ex1 = 1500 ex2 = 1500
Σey = 0 ey1 = 0 ey2 = 0
Shear v xx 31%
REINFORCEMENT
Btm Mxx - 1113.1 kNm Myy - 4252.8 v yy 75%
b = 5000 mm b = 6000 punching 91%
d= 740 mm d = 717.5
As = 3642 mm² As = 14350 0% 50% 100% 150%
148
DOUBLE! Notes!
The DOUBLE! sheet is where all material properties are entered, This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
together with covers, pile diameter and pile tolerance. All
subsequent sheets use these same properties. Pile tolerance is the
amount by which a pile may deviate from its intended position.
This value is used in calculation to increase bending moments to
allow for this possible deviation. Pile reactions are not similarly
increased.
Dimensional data for a double pile cap and the supported column
are then entered, followed by characteristic column axial loads,
moments and horizontal shears for dead load, imposed load
and wind load. The results of calculations for all BS 8110 loading
combinations are then displayed below (on page X), together
with the required arrangement of reinforcement. More detailed
calculations may be found by scrolling down to page X.
149
150
151
152
PILE REACTIONS kN
PILE 1 PILE 2 PILE 3 OVERTURNING MOMENTS - kNm characteristic
Gk + Qk 140.4 168.9 191.9 . DEAD IMPOSED WIND
Gk + Qk +Wk 139.3 172.9 199.0 . Mx 10.0 5.0 2.0
1.4Gk + 1.6Qk 202.7 244.4 278.3 My 20.0 10.0 5.0
Gk + 1.4Wk 108.4 134.5 154.2 .
1.2(Gk+Qk+Wk) 167.2 207.5 238.8
153
DIMENSIONS mm PILECAP
COLUMN A= 350
→ = 300 B= 1300
↑ = 400 C= 1300
D= 650
Pile Ø = 375 E= 650
Tolerance = 150 depth H = 450
154
155
No. of
Length of A* B* C* D* E/R *
Type and No. bars Shape
Member Bar mark Total No. each bar †
size of mbrs in code
mm mm mm mm mm mm
each
* Specified in multiples of 5mm. † Specified in multiples of 25mm. © 2003-2005 Reinforced Concrete Council
156
3 Pile Cap - 3 No
2 Pile Cap - 4 No
4 Pile Cap - 5 No
Links 10 H8 03.225 + 2x10 H8 04.225 Links 8 H8 07 200 + 2x8 H8 08 200 11 Link Legs
← ELEVATION ← ELEVATION ← ELEVATION
Project
Client
P2000
5 Pile Cap - 2 No
Job No
Dwg No
12-Apr-06
Date
Revision
Rod
↑ ELEVATION ← ELEVATION
RCC82 Pilecap Design.xls
157
17/07/2006 17:09:19
RCC91 One-way Solid Slabs (Tables).xls
Design is often undertaken using the moment and shear factors moments. The factors from Table 3.12 give rise to a single load
taken from BS 8110: Part 1, Tables 3.5 and/ or 3.12. This series of case that has been subject to 20% redistribution: a bending
spreadsheets uses factors for moment and shear based on these moment envelope is inappropriate and the diagram is therefore
tables. indicative only. The factors used are given in the table below.
RCC91.xls designs simple one-way solid slabs to BS 8110. For The factors used are based on continuous end supports. The
three or more spans they use moment and shear factors from two-span factors were derived by modelling the appropriate
Table 3.12. The use of these factors is governed by Clause 3.7.2.7 number of spans with a single loadcase of 4 kN/m dead and 5
(single load case and the conditions of Clause 3.5.2.3 are met kN/m imposed and allowing any one span to be 15% less than
{bays > 30 m2 , qk >/ 1.25 gk, qk >/ 5.0 kN/m2 } and at least three the input length (strictly according to BS 8110 this is applicable
bays of approximately equal span (the corresponding factors for to beams only).
beams also restrict use of the factors to where spans differ by
no more than 15% of the maximum span)). Where the relevant The area of steel required, As, may be automatically increased
conditions are not met, users are directed towards RCC31. to reduce service stress, fs, and to increase modification factors
xls where continuous beam analysis overcomes many of these to satisfy deflection criteria. The option in line 42 to have top
caveats. steel in spans influences modification factors used in deflection
calculations.
The design of single- and two-span slabs is also possible. The
factors used for two-span slabs should be considered subject to As most contractors prefer prefabricated reinforcement mats
the same conditions as for using the factors from Table 3.12 of might be considered.
BS 8110.
To the right of the sheet are calculations. An approximate
reinforcement density is given.
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. In itself Weight!
it should prove adequate for the design of the simplest one-way
solid slab designs. A nominal 1 m wide strip of slab is considered. Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in a slab. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in
Inputs are underlined and most should be self-explanatory. End Clause 3.12 are used to determine lengths of bars. The figures
support condition determines the factors applied for bending. should be treated as approximate estimates only as they cannot
Simple charts show the spans, loads and indicative bending deal with the effects of designers’ and detailers’ preferences,
Table 3
Coefficient End End First int Interior Interior
Bending moment and shear
supports spans supports spans supports
force coefficients
Bending
Shear
1 Span 0.50 ~ ~
2 Span 0.46 0.60 ~
3 Span etc 0.46 0.60 0.50
158
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used in MAIN! It is not
necessarily intended for printing out other than for checking
purposes.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
159
DIMENSIONS MATERIALS
Nº of spans Nº 3 fy N/mm² 500 γs = 1.15 steel class A
Max Span m 7.200 fcu N/mm² 35 γc = 1.50
Thickness, h mm 200 Density kN/m³ 23.6
cover mm 20 (Normal weight concrete) 100
50
LOADING 0
Self Weight kN/m² 4.72 -50
Additional Dead kN/m² 1.00 -100
Total Dead, gk kN/m² 5.72
Imposed Load, qk kN/m² 2.50 A F A F
Design load, n = kN/m² 12.01 Geometry and Loading Indicative Bending Moment Diagram
DEFLECTION
fs N/mm² 329 164 333 183 Eqn 8
Top steel provided % bd 0 0
Comp Mod factor 1.000 1.000 Table 3.11
Tens Mod factor 1.603 1.651 Eqn 7
Perm L/d 41.7 As auto-increased 43 As auto-increased Table 3.9
Actual L/d 41.8 by 100 % 41.8 by 70 %
OUTPUT/SUMMARY
END END FIRST INT INTERIOR INTERNAL
SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS DISTRIBUTION
PROVIDE H10 @ 225 T1 H16 @ 150 B1 H12 @ 150 T1 H16 @ 200 B1 H10 @ 300
160
The use of factors from Table 3.12 is governed by Clause 3.7.2.7 ■ Designed links are taken to be those provided where (vc + 0.4)
as follows < v < 0.8 fcu 0.5;
■ Minimal links are taken to be those that are required to
■ A single load case is assumed provide shear resistance for vc < v < (vc+ 0.4)
■ Conditions of 3.5.2.3 are met ■ Nominal links are those used if required for temporary
● bays > 30 m2 , support only in areas where v < vc
● k >/ 1.25gk,
Under Bending, the Width of solid from CL in line 28 refers to
● k >/ 5.0 kN/m2 and at least three bays are of
the distance between centre line of support and the rib/ solid
approximately equal span intersection. It determines where shear and, at internal supports,
hogging moment in ribs are checked. The user inputs preferred
■ The corresponding factors for beams also restrict use of the diameters of reinforcement in the rib. At supports, these bars
factors to where spans differ by no more than 15% of the usually need to be supplemented by intermediate bars to comply
maximum span. with either spacing rules or with hogging moments in the solid
section of slab.
The factors used for two-span slabs should be considered subject
to these same conditions. They were derived by modelling the In spans, the area of steel required, As, may be automatically
appropriate number of spans with a single load case of 4 kN/ increased to reduce service stress, fs, and to increase modification
m2 dead and 5 kN/m2 imposed, and allowing any one span to factors to satisfy deflection criteria.
be 15% less than the input length (strictly according to BS 8110
this is applicable to beams only). The factors used are based on An approximate reinforcement density is given. It excludes mesh,
continuous end supports. supporting beams, trimming to holes etc.
Where the relevant conditions are not met, users are directed Please note that the bending moment diagrams are indicative
towards RCC32.xls where continuous beam type analysis only. The factors from Table 3.12 give rise to a single load case
overcomes many of these caveats. that has been subject to 20% redistribution: a bending moment
envelope is inappropriate. The factors used are given in the table
below.
MAIN!
The factors used are based on continuous end supports. The two-
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. In itself span factors were derived by modelling the appropriate number
it should prove adequate for the simplest ribbed slab designs. of spans with a single load case of 4 kN/m dead and 5 kN/m
Inputs are underlined and most should be self-explanatory. imposed and allowing any one span to be 15% less than the input
length (strictly according to BS 8110 this is applicable to beams
The option to have top steel in spans or not has bearings on only).
whether shear links can be accommodated and on deflection
calculations. The option to have links, minimal (or nominal) links
Table 4
Coefficient End End First int Interior Interior
Bending moment and shear
supports spans supports spans supports
force coefficients used in
RCC 92 Bending 1 Span 0.040 0.105 ~ ~ ~
2 Span 0.040 0.066 0.100 ~ ~
3 Span etc 0.040 0.075 0.086 0.063 (0.063)
161
WEIGHT!
Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in a slab. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in
Clause 3.12 are used to determine lengths of bars. The figures
should be treated as approximate estimates only as they cannot
deal with the effects of designers’ and detailers’ preferences,
rationalisation, the effects of holes etc, etc. To the right of the
sheet are calculations of length etc.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used in MAIN!
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
162
LOADING
Self Wt kN/m² 4.00
+ Dead kN/m² 1.50
Total Dead, gk kN/m² 5.50
Imposed qk kN/m² 5.00 A F A F
Design load, n = kN/m² 15.70 Geometry and Loading Indicative Bending Moment Diagram
OUTPUT/SUMMARY
END END FIRST INT INTERIOR INTERNAL
PROVIDE SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS
MAIN STEEL 3H10 /rib 2H8 T 2H20 /rib 2H8 T 2H20 /rib
+ 3H10 T + 2H10 T + 2H10 T
Nominal B 2H20 B Nominal B 2H20 B Nominal B
LINKS 2H6 @ 175 2H6 @ 175 2H6 @ 175 2H6 @ 175 2H6 @ 175
from edge of solid for 875 for 175
163
DETAILED CALCULATIONS
ave bw mm 170.0 self wt kN/m² 3.49
rib area m² 0.1090 E/O solid kN/m² 0.52
Total SW kN/m² 4.00
164
RIB SHEAR
END FIRST INT INTERNAL
SUPPORTS SUPPORTS SUPPORTS
Factor 0.46 0.6 0.5 Table 3.12
V max kN/m 52.01 67.85 56.54 -=-
V rib kN/m 37.24 44.99 36.51
v N/mm² 0.8625 1.0630 0.8626 Eqn 3
vc N/mm² 0.8975 0.9080 0.9080 NOMINAL Table 3.8
(v-vc)bv N/mm 68.0 68.0 68.0 68.0 Table 3.7
Link Ø ok 6 ok 6 ok 6 ok 6 3.12.7.1
@ mm 191 187 187 194 Spacing
adjust to mm 175 175 175 175 Spacing
for mm 0 795 75 --- from solid
adjust to mm 0 875 175 --- from solid
165
166
B
fcu N/mm² 37 h agg 20 mm H
Ly
fy N/mm² 500 γm 1.15 steel Legend
H
γm
B
N/mm² kN/m³
Ly
steel class A (Normal weight concrete)
C Lx Lx Lx
LOADING
Self Wt kN/m² 5.90 Perim Load 8.85 kN/m
+ Dead kN/m² 1.50
Ly
Total Dead, gk kN/m² 7.40 DEFLECTION CONTROL 3 or more
approximately equal spans
Imposed qk kN/m² 2.50 Min % top steel in col strips 0.13 % A
Design load, n kN/m² 14.36 Same in top of middle strips? N
C
Indicative Bending Moments - X Direction (kNm per bay) Indicative Bending Moments - Y Direction (kNm per bay)
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
1 5 A D
MAIN STEEL INTERNAL COLUMN STRIPS MIDDLE STRIPS PERIMETER COLUMN STRIPS
X DIRECTION b REBAR b REBAR b REBAR
END SUPPORTS
0.575 7H20 @ 75 T1 6.925 12H16 @ 575 T1 0.413 4H20 @ 100 T1
END SPANS 3.750 13H20 @ 275 B1 3.750 11H20 @ 325 B1 2.000 14H20 @ 125 B1
PENULTIMATE SUPPORTS 3.750 13H20 @ 200 : 400 T1 3.750 7H16 @ 525 T1 2.000 10H20 @ 150 : 300 T1
INTERIOR SPANS 3.750 10H20 @ 375 B1 3.750 8H20 @ 450 B1 2.000 10H20 @ 200 B1
INTERIOR SUPPORTS 3.750 9H20 @ 300 : 600 T1 3.750 7H16 @ 525 T1 2.000 7H20 @ 200 : 400 T1
Y DIRECTION
END SUPPORTS 0.575 6H20 @ 75 T2 6.925 12H16 @ 575 T2 0.450 4H20 @ 100 T2
END SPANS 3.750 21H20 @ 175 B2 3.750 17H20 @ 200 B2 2.000 15H20 @ 125 B2
PENULTIMATE SUPPORTS 3.750 15H20 @ 175 : 350 T2 3.750 8H16 @ 450 T2 2.000 10H20 @ 200 : 400 T2
INTERIOR SPANS 3.750 15H20 @ 250 B2 3.750 12H20 @ 300 B2 2.000 11H20 @ 175 B2
167
Reference
Ø mm 20 20 20 20 20
No bars No 7 13 13 10 9
@ mm 75 275 200 375 300
&@ mm ~ ~ 400 ~ 600 3.7.3.1
MIDDLE STRIPS
b m 6.925 3.750 3.750 3.750 3.750 figs 3.12&3.13
Ø mm 16 20 16 20 16
No bars No 12 11 7 8 7
@ mm 575 325 525 450 525
As prov mm² 2413 3456 1407 2513 1407
= mm²/m 348 922 375 670 375
= % 0.161 0.429 0.173 0.312 0.173
fs N/mm² 56.8 222.1 385.1 256.5 270.0 Eqn 8
168
169
MIDDLE STRIPS
b m 6.925 3.750 3.750 3.750 3.750 figs 3.12&3.13
Mu kNm 30.3 204.5 116.6 171.7 81.7 3.7.2.10
d mm 197 195 197 195 197
K' 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 3.4.4.4
K 0.003 0.039 0.022 0.033 0.015 3.4.4.4
z mm 187.2 185.3 187.2 185.3 187.2 3.4.4.4
As mm² 373 2539 1433 2132 1005 3.4.4.4
Def enhancement 2.044 1.708
As min mm² 2251 5188 1433 3641 1219 table 3.25
Ø mm 16 20 16 20 16
No bars No 12 17 8 12 7
@ mm 575 200 450 300 525
As prov mm² 2413 5341 1608 3770 1407
= mm²/m 348 1424 429 1005 375
= % 0.177 0.730 0.218 0.516 0.191
fs N/mm² 51.5 158.4 371.1 188.5 297.4 Eqn 8
Max S mm 591 403 591 585 591 3.12.11.2.7
subclause (a) (b) (a) (a) (a) 3.12.11.2.7
170
DEFLECTION - X DIRECTION
PERIMETER INTERNAL PERIMETER INTERNAL BS 8110
END SPANS END SPANS INTERIOR SPANS INTERIOR SPANS Reference
As req mm² 3264 5116 2721 4298
As prov mm² 6126 7540 4398 5655
fs N/mm² 177.6 226.2 206.2 253.3 Eqn 8
K ave 0.043 0.035 0.036 0.030
As' prov mm² 670 1257 670 1257
100As'/bd % 0.080 0.078 0.080 0.078
Comp Mod 1.026 1.025 1.026 1.025 Eqn 9
Tens Mod 1.547 1.495 1.555 1.482 Eqn 7
Perm L/d 37.15 35.88 37.33 35.55 3.4.6.1+3.7.8
Actual L/d 34.88 34.88 34.88 34.88
As enhanced 95.6% 40.5% 66.2% 28.2%
DEFLECTION - Y DIRECTION
PERIMETER INTERNAL PERIMETER INTERNAL
END SPANS END SPANS INTERIOR SPANS INTERIOR SPANS
As req mm² 3382 5660 2820 4739
As prov mm² 7383 11938 5341 8482
fs N/mm² 152.7 158.0 176.0 186.2 Eqn 8
K ave 0.047 0.043 0.039 0.036
As' prov mm² 670 1257 670 1257
100As'/bd % 0.080 0.086 0.080 0.086
Comp Mod 1.026 1.028 1.026 1.028 Eqn 9
Tens Mod 1.579 1.616 1.618 1.633 Eqn 7
Perm L/d 37.92 38.87 38.84 39.27 3.4.6.1+3.7.8
Actual L/d 34.88 38.46 34.88 38.46
As enhanced 117.0% 104.4% 80.1% 70.8%
171
172
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. In itself it
should prove adequate for the design of restrained two-way slabs.
Inputs are underlined and most should be self-explanatory.
WEIGHT!
Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in a slab. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in
Clause 3.12, are used to determine lengths of bars. The figures
should be treated as approximate estimates only as they cannot
deal with the effects of designers’ and detailers’ preferences,
rationalisation, the effects of holes, etc, etc. To the right of the
sheet are calculations of length, etc.
173
174
174
■ Qk >⎜ Gk Notes!
■ Substantially uniform loads over three or more spans
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
■ Variations in span < 15% lmax.
MAIN!
The input requirements are self-explanatory. Answering “Y”
to Support in alt layer will incur additional cover to top bars
at supports (of the same size as those being designed at that
location) to allow for beams in the other direction. Users should
ensure effective depths, d, are correct (see DETAIL!D15, etc.).
DETAIL!
For first time users and young engineers, further detail of the
calculations undertaken is given on the sheet named DETAIL!,
pages 2 and 3 of the print-out.
Weight!
This sheet estimates the weight of reinforcement in the beam
when designed according to normal curtailment rules as defined
in BS 8110. The estimate is repeated at the bottom of MAIN! at
O62. Workings are shown on the right hand side of the sheet. The
estimate may be printed out using File/print or the print button
on the normal toolbar.
175
Tension reinforcement
Ø 16 20 20 12 20
No 2 Top 2 Btm 3 Top 4 Btm 2 Top
As prov mm² 402 628 942 452 628
= % 0.49 0.72 1.16 0.51 0.78
Compression reinforcement
Ø 16 12 12 12 12
No 2 Btm 2 Top 2 Btm 2 Top 2 Btm
As' prov mm² 402 226 226 226 226
= % 0.49 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.28
OUTPUT/SUMMARY
END END FIRST INT INTERNAL INTERNAL
SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS
PROVIDE 2 H16 T 2 H12 T 3 H20 T 2 H12 T 2 H20 T
Main reinforcement Nominal B 2 H20 B Nominal B 4 H12 B Nominal B
Links 2 H10 @ 200 2 H10 @ 200 2 H10 @ 200 2 H10 @ 200 2 H10 @ 200
from CL of support for 800 for 600 for 600
176
MAIN STEEL
END END FIRST INT INTERIOR INTERNAL BS 8110
SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS SPANS SUPPORTS Reference
Factor 0.00 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.08 Table 3.5
M kNm 0.0 56.2 68.7 43.7 50.0 -=-
d mm 276 290 270 294 270
bf mm 300 650 300 650 300 3.4.1.5
K' 0.1558 0.1558 0.1558 0.1558 0.1558 Fig 3.3
Web Mres kNm 142.4 157.2 136.3 161.6 136.3 -=-
Flange Mres kNm --- 411.5 --- 419.7 --- -=-
K 0.0000 0.0257 0.0786 0.0195 0.0571 3.4.4.4
z mm 262.2 275.5 243.9 279.3 251.6 -=-
x mm 30.7 32.2 58.0 32.7 40.9 -=-
d' mm 78 56 76 56 68
net fsc N/mm² 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fig 3.3
Excess M kNm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
As' req mm² 0 0 0 0 0
fst N/mm² 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 Fig 3.3
As req mm² 0 470 648 360 457
bw/b --- 0.4615 --- 0.4615 ---
Min % 0.20% 0.13% 0.20% 0.13% 0.20% Table 3.25
Min As 210 137 210 137 210
DEFLECTION
fs N/mm² 0.0 249.1 229.3 265.4 242.4 Eqn 8
Base ratio 22.00 22.00 3.4.6.3/4
Tens Mod 1.535 1.600 Table 3.10
Comp Mod 1.080 1.079 Table 3.11
Perm L/d 36.455 37.982 3.4.6.3
Actual L/d 17.241 ok 17.007 ok 3.4.6.1
TENSION STEEL
As mm² 210 470 648 360 457
Ø mm 16 ok 20 ok 20 ok 12 ok 20
No 2 2 3 4 2
As prov mm² 402 628 942 452 628
Clear dist mm 168.0 160.0 70.0 50.7 160.0 between bars
Min S ok 25.0 ok 25.0 ok 25.0 ok 25.0 ok 25.0 3.12.11.1
Max S ok 300.0 ok 188.7 ok 205.0 ok 177.1 ok 193.9 Table 3.28
3.12.11.2.4
COMPRESSION STEEL
Required mm² 314 188 188 188 136 Table 3.25
Ø ok 16 ok 12 ok 12 ok 12 ok 12
No 2 2 2 2 2
As' prov mm² 402 226 226 226 226
=% ok 0.486 ok 0.260 ok 0.279 ok 0.256 ok 0.279
177
SHEAR
OUTER FIRST INT INTERNAL NOMINAL
SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT
Factor 0.45 0.60 0.55 ~ Table 3.5
V kN 56.2 75.0 68.7 ~ -=-
178
Spreadsheets to Eurocode 2
179
181
Table 5
Property Strength class
Relationship between
cylinder and cube stregths C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/40 C40/50 C45/50 C50/60
fck (cylinder) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
fck (cube) 25 30 37 40 50 50 60
‡ Based on the outline description of Eurocode 2 in Comparison of design requirements in Eurocode 2 and
BS 8110, Narayanan( 24)
182
183
Applied shear force (VEd) is compared with three values for the
resistance (VRd):-
The formula for VRds can be rewritten to give the area of shear
reinforcement required per unit length. Asw/s
184
185
186
INDIRECT!
This spreadsheet considers indirect supports, e.g. where one
beam is supported by another, to calculate additional legs of links
required in the supporting beam.
Refs!
This sheet comprises the values for Nationally Determined
Parameters that have been used in the spreadsheet. These data
reflect the values given in draft UK National Annexes for BS EN
1990, BS EN 1992 -1-1 and BS EN 1992-1-2 Designers should
ensure that these data are current when the spreadsheet is used.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
187
188
189
190
BEAM SHEAR
Originated from TCC11.xls, v 1.3 on CD © 2003-2005 TCC
191
Notes
0.00092
Stresses in N/mm2
183
0.00058 Compression +ve
- - - Neutral axis
192
193
MAIN!
Moments are considered to be about the x-x axis. All applied
loads and moments should be ultimate, with compressive axial
loads positive and with positive moments inducing tension in the
bottom reinforcement.
Calcs!
Calcs! shows the derivation of the chart where moment capacity
is calculated at intervals of neutral axis depth from n.a. depth for
N = 0 to n.a. depth for N = Nbal, then in intervals from n.a. depth
for N = Nbal to n.a. depth for N = Nuz. This sheet shows workings
and is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes.
REFS!
This sheet comprises the values for Nationally Determined
Parameters that have been used in the spreadsheet. These data
reflect the values given in draft UK National Annexes for BS EN
1992-1-1. Designers should ensure that these data are current
when the spreadsheet is used. When using TCC12 for permanent
design, designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this
sheet with any design calculations.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
194
MATERIALS
fck 35 N/mm² γs 1.15
fyk 500 N/mm² γc 1.50
4000
Mmin
3000 3100
AXIAL COMPRESSION, NEd kN
2000
1600
1200
1000
0.1Acfck
-600
-1000
-2000
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
195
INTERNAL! (Similarly EDGE!, Deductions for holes in the calculation of shear perimeters
are calculated by finding the angle defined by the extremities
CORNER and REENTRANT!) of the hole. The projection of this angle is deducted from the
appropriate perimeter.
These sheets constitute the input and main output. Input is
fairly self-evident but, as ever, care must be exercised in ensuring
correct values are used. The top diagram acts as a legend and the GEOMETRY!
chart at the bottom of the sheet shows the column, any holes
and link perimeters, and should act both as a check for input and This sheet shows the geometrical arrangements of link spurs
help explain output. The x-x axis is across the page. assumed in the design calculations, which should also be used
for detailing purposes.
To the right is a combo-box that allows either:
or
Notes!
■ Input of Vt alone. Veff defaults to the values given in BS EN
1992-1-1, Clause 6.4.3 This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
or
The spreadsheet asks for the areas of steel in the two directions.
These should be averages in each direction, i.e., ensure that it
reflects the actual reinforcement in the sides of the perimeter; an
average of column strips and middle strips may be appropriate.
196
2
MATERIALS fck N/mm 35 STATUS LEGEND
2
fyk N/mm 500 VALID DESIGN
Steel class A .
2
SLAB h mm 250 dx mm 215 Asx mm /m 1608 in B + 6d
2
dy mm 195 Asy mm /m 1608 in A + 6d
d mm 205 100ρL % 0.786
197
2
MATERIALS fck N/mm 35 STATUS LEGEND
2
fyk N/mm 500 VALID DESIGN
Steel class A .
2
SLAB h mm 250 dx mm 215 Asx mm /m 2010 in B + 3d+D
2
dy mm 195 Asy mm /m 1340 in A + 6d
d mm 205 100ρL % 0.802
2
RESULTS VEd = 627.7 kN vRd,c = 0.7248 N/mm Equation (6.47)
2
At col. face, vEd = 4.069 N/mm At 2d perimeter, vED,red = 1.9656 N/mm2
198
2
MATERIALS fck N/mm 35 STATUS LEGEND
fyk N/mm2 500 VALID DESIGN
Steel class A .
DIMENSIONS A mm 400 E mm 50
B mm 250 F mm -275
C mm 0 G mm 150
D mm 0 H mm 150
2
SLAB h mm 250 dx mm 215 Asx mm /m 2010 in B + 3d+D
2
dy mm 195 Asy mm /m 2010 in A + 3d+C
d mm 205 100ρL % 0.982
2
RESULTS VEd = 408.0 kN vRd,c = 0.7754 N/mm Equation (6.47)
2 2
At hole face, vEd = 4.185 N/mm At 2d perimeter, v = 2.5486 N/mm
Uout required = 1711 mm Equation (6.54)
199
2
MATERIALS fck N/mm 35 STATUS LEGEND
2
fyk N/mm 500 VALID DESIGN
Steel class A .
2
SLAB h mm 250 dx mm 215 Asx mm /m 1340 in B + 6d
2
dy mm 195 Asy mm /m 1340 in A + 6d
d mm 205 100ρL % 0.654
200
Notes!
This sheet contains disclaimers and revision history.
201
LEGEND
INPUT
fck = 30 N/mm2 Area of tension steel, As = 565 mm2
fyk = 500 N/mm2 d= 129 mm
b= 1000 mm Area of compression steel, As2 = 314 mm2
h= 160 mm d2 = 31 mm
QP moment, M = 24.9 KNm Maxmum tension bar spacing, S = 200 mm
Age at cracking = 14 days Max tension bar dia, Øeq = 12 mm
Cement type = N (S, N, R or RS) Short term or long term ? L (S or L)
Creep factor, = 2.0 Cover to As, c = 25 mm
CALCULATIONS
modulus of elasticity of concrete = 22[(f ck+8)/10]0.3 Ecm = 32.8 Gpa
moduli of elasticity of steel Es = 200.0 Gpa
Modular ratio e = 18.27
' = 0.0024 = 0.0044
mean concrete strength at cracking fcm,t = 34.26 Mpa
mean concrete tensile strength fct,eff = 2.61 Mpa
uncracked neutral axis depth
[bh²/2+(e-1)(Asd+As2d2)]/[bh+(e-1)(As+As2)] xu = 81.21 mm
uncracked 2 nd moment of area
bh³/12+bh(h/2-x)²+(e-1)[As(d-x)²+As2(x-d2)²] Iu = 378 mm4 106
cracking moment = f ctI/(h-x) Mcr = 12.51 kNm
< 24.9 kNm section is CRACKED
fully cracked x = d[-e( - ') + {e²( - ')²+2e( + 'd2/d)}½] xc = 41.19 mm
concrete stress = M/[bx(d-x/3)/2+(e-1)As2(x-d2)/x(d-d2)] c = 9.939 Mpa
stress in tension steel = ce(d-x)/x s = 387.2 Mpa
effective tension area = min[2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3, h/2]b Ac,eff = 39605 mm2
As /Ac,eff p,eff = 0.0143
max final crack spacing = min[1.3/(h-x),3.4c+0.17Ø/ p,eff)] sr,max = 154.5 mm
average strain for crack width calculation sm-cm = 1474.6 µstrain
CALCULATED CRACK WIDTH Wk = 0.228 mm
202
LEGEND
INPUT
2
fck = 35 N/mm2 Area of tension steel, As = 1473 mm
fyk = 500 N/mm2 d= 399.5 mm
2
bw = 300 mm Area of compression steel, As2 = 236 mm
h= 450 mm d2 = 33 mm
bf = 2170 mm Maxmum tension bar spacing, S = 87 mm
hf = 125 mm Max tension bar dia, Øeq = 25 mm
QP moment, M = 114.2 KNm Short term or long term ? L (S or L)
Age at cracking = 14 days Cover to As, c = 38 mm
Cement type = N (S, N, R or RS)
Creep factor, = 2.0
CALCULATIONS modulus of elasticity of concrete = 22[(fck+8)/10]0.3 Ecm = 34.1 Gpa
moduli of elasticity of steel Es = 200.0 Gpa
Modular ratio e = 17.61
mean concrete strength at cracking fcm,t = 38.77 Mpa
mean concrete tensile strength fct,eff = 2.89 Mpa
uncracked neutral axis depth
[bwh²/2+(bf-bw)hf²/2+(e-1)(Asd+As2d2)]/[bwh+(bf-bw)hf+(e-1)(As+As2)] xu = 138.21 mm
uncracked 2nd moment of area
bwh³/12+bwh(h/2-x)²+(bf-bw)hf³/12+(bf-bw)hf(x-hf/2)²+(e-1)[As(d-x)²+As2(x-d2)²] Iu = 6653 mm4 106
cracking moment = fctI/(h-x) Mcr = 61.75 kNm
< 114.2 kNm section is CRACKED
fully cracked x (within flange) xc = 85.53 mm
concrete stress (x within flange) c = 3.234 Mpa
stress in tension steel = ce(d-x)/x s = 209.0 Mpa
effective tension area = min[2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3, h/2]bw Ac,eff = 36447 mm2
As /Ac,eff p,eff = 0.0404
max final crack spacing = min[1.3/(h-x),3.4c+0.17Ø/ p,eff)] sr,max = 234.4 mm
average strain for crack width calculation sm-cm = 800.1 µstrain
CALCULATED CRACK WIDTH Wk = 0.188 mm
203
LEGEND
INPUT
2
fck = 35 N/mm
2 Area of tension steel, As = 1000 mm
fyk = 500 N/mm2 d= 417 mm
2
bw = 300 mm Area of compression steel, As2 = 236 mm
h= 450 mm d2 = 34 mm
bf = 1222 mm Maxmum tension bar spacing, S = 87.4 mm
hf = 125 mm Max tension bar dia, Øeq = 10 mm
QP moment, M = 147 KNm Short term or long term ? L (S or L)
Age at cracking = 14 days Cover to As, c = 28 mm
Cement type = N (S, N, R or RS)
Creep factor, = 2.0
CALCULATIONS modulus of elasticity of concrete = 22[(fck+8)/10]0.3 Ecm = 34.1 Gpa
moduli of elasticity of steel Es = 200.0 Gpa
Modular ratio e = 17.61
' = 0.0019 = 0.0080
mean concrete strength at cracking fcm,t = 38.77 Mpa
mean concrete tensile strength fct,eff = 2.89 Mpa
uncracked neutral axis depth
[bwh²/2+(bf-bw)hf(h-hf/2)+(e-1)(Asd+As2d2)]/[bwh+(bf-bw)hf+(e-1)(As+As2)] xu = 303.18 mm
nd
uncracked 2 moment of area
bwh³/12+bwh(h/2-x)²+(bf-bw)hf³/12+(bf-bw)hf(h-x-hf/2)²+(e-1)[As(d-x)²+As2(x-d2)²] Iu = 4572 mm4 106
cracking moment = fctI/(h-x) Mcr = 90.12 kNm
< 147 kNm section is CRACKED
fully cracked x = d[-e( - ') + {e²( - ')²+2e( + 'd2/d)}½] xc = 162.30 mm
concrete stress = M/[bx(d-x/3)/2+(e-1)As2(x-d2)/x(d-d2)] c = 14.668 Mpa
stress in tension steel = ce(d-x)/x s = 405.3 Mpa
height of tension zone = min[2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3, h/2] hc,eff = 82.50 mm
effective tension area Ac,eff = 100815 mm2
As /Ac,eff p,eff = 0.0099
max final crack spacing = min[1.3/(h-x),3.4c+0.17Ø/ p,eff)] sr,max = 266.6 mm
average strain for crack width calculation sm-cm = 1341.0 µstrain
CALCULATED CRACK WIDTH Wk = 0.357 mm
204
This single sheet consists of the main inputs, most of which should The sheet also tabulates elastic and redistributed ultimate shears
be self-explanatory. As in other spreadsheets, avoid pasting input and column moments according to the various load cases.
from one cell to another as this may cause formatting and other
errors.
Uls! and Sls!
The dimensions of the flange widths, beff, are entered manually,
but maximum permitted values can be seen in cells M12:M17. These sheets detail the moment distribution analyses carried
It is important that the correct usage of the members under out for the ultimate and serviceability limit states respectively,
consideration is selected from the combo-box to the right of the but are not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
screen, as this affects the magnitude of quasi-permanent SLS checking purposes.
moments.
All load cases to BS EN 1992-1-1 are calculated (but see Refs!)
Unwanted data cells are ‘greyed-out’.
Designers should ensure that these data are current when the
At the bottom of the sheet a simplistic but to-scale arrangement spreadsheet is used. When using TCC21 for permanent design,
and loading diagram is shown. This is given to aid data checking. designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this sheet with
It may prove prudent to write down expected values for any design calculations. It should be noted that it is possible to
bending moments at each support down before progressing to switch on the adjacent spans loaded combination by changing ‘b’
ACTIONS!. to ‘a’ in cell D4. BS EN 1992-1-1 recommends using the adjacent
and alternate load arrangements. However to the UK National
UDLs are input as line loads per unit area e.g. 4kN/m2. Annex only the all spans and alternate load arrangements need
to be considered.
Ultimate and characteristic support reactions are given at the
bottom of the sheet.
Notes!
ACTIONS! This sheet contains disclaimers and revision history.
205
SUPPORTS ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 2 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 3 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 4 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 5 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 6
Support 7
LOADING DIAGRAM
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS LOADED 178.7 454.7 407.4 454.7 178.7
MAX ULTIMATE 179.3 454.7 407.4 454.7 179.3
Characteristic Dead 93.3 252.2 217.0 252.2 93.3
Maximum Imposed 41.1 100.0 86.0 100.0 41.1
Minimum Imposed -4.1 49.8 43.0 49.8 -4.1
206
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
400 300
250
300
200
200 150
100
100 50
0 0
-50
-100 -100
-150
-200
-200
-300 -250
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Full SLS M 137.1 88.2 88.2 137.1 ~ ~
Quasi-permanent M 106.2 62.7 62.7 106.2 ~ ~
Elastic ULS M 183.2 119.8 119.8 183.2 ~ ~
Redistributed ULS M 188.1 116.9 116.9 188.1 ~ ~
δ 1.027 0.976 0.976 1.027 ~ ~
ULS SHEARS (kN)
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
-100 -100
-200 -200
-300 -300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 246.5 178.2 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 239.9 179.3 ~ ~ ~ ~
207
208
Uls! Designers should ensure that these data are current when the
spreadsheet is used. When using TCC31 for permanent design,
designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this sheet with
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
any design calculations. It should be noted that it is possible to
at the ultimate limit state. The following patterns for imposed
switch on the adjacent spans loaded combination by changing ‘b’
loading are considered to find a worse case.
to ‘a’ in cell D6. BSEN 1992-1-1 recommends using the adjacent
and alternate load cases. However to the UK NA only the cell
■ All spans loaded spans and alternate load cases need to be considered.
■ Odd spans loaded
■ Even spans loaded
■ Adjacent spans loaded*
Notes!
● Spans 1 & 2 and 5 & 6 loaded* This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
● Spans 2 & 3 loaded*
● Spans 3 & 4 loaded*
● Spans 4 & 5 loaded*
Uls! is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit states corresponding to full service load and to quasi-
permanent load. It uses the same load cases as Uls! and finds
upper and lower bound limits at 1/20 th points along the spans.
Again this sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
to BS EN 1992-1-1. It is not necessarily intended for printing
out other than for checking or educational purposes. In many
instances, service stress, σs, has been set to 1.0 or 0.0001 N/mm2
to avoid problems with division by zero.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for printing
out other than for checking purposes.
209
LOADING DIAGRAM
A G
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
Characteristic Dead 14.42 41.94 34.08 41.94 14.42
Max Imposed 6.70 17.14 13.93 17.14 6.70
Min Imposed -0.80 8.57 6.97 8.57 -0.80
MAX ULTIMATE 27.94 75.89 65.65 75.89 27.94
210
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-40 -40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 36.6 24.4 36.6 ~ ~
Redistributed M 31.1 24.4 31.1 ~ ~
ßb 1.000 0.850 1.000 0.850 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 15.0% 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 28.8 17.4 17.4 28.8 ~ ~
Redistributed M 28.6 17.1 17.1 28.6 ~ ~
ßb 0.992 0.986 0.986 0.992 ~ ~
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-40 -40
-50 -50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 28.1 41.5 36.6 32.1 32.1 36.6
Redistributed V 27.9 40.4 36.3 32.8 32.8 36.3
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 41.5 28.1 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 40.4 27.9 ~ ~ ~ ~
211
212
213
This sheet consists of the main inputs of material, loading, The amounts of bending and shear reinforcement required and
construction and serviceability criteria pertaining to the checks are derived from detailed calculations in Bar! Unwanted
calculation of deflection to BS EN 1992-1-1. Users are expected to cells are ‘greyed-out’.
use their knowledge of the project and judgement in completing
this sheet. For creep reference is made to Eurocode 2. Reference Eurocode 2 requires that all spans should be loaded with both
may be made to the Concrete Centre publication How to design γGk,sup and γGk,inf (=1.0) γGk,sup is used initially, and for γGk,inf the Run
concrete structures to Eurocode 2: Deflection’(27) for guidance on -γGk,inf (=1.35 or 1.25) Loadcase button must be activated. A red
values to be used. The default values given in this sheet are not warning message will appear if this has not been done, or if any
unusual. relevant input data are subsequently changed. Using γGk,inf (=1.0)
leads to higher hogging moments in spans.
214
to obtain different numbers of bars each side of the support due to - εc, z, final x, concrete stresses –σc, curvature -1/r, slope and
differences in depth or to comply with the minimum percentage curvature to calculate deflection. The sheet is rather large and is
of span steel; practicality may dictate that the maximum number not necessarily intended for printing out other than for checking
of bars at each support should be used. purposes.
Simplified curtailment rules, similar to those defined in BS 8110, These data reflect the values given in draft UK National Annexes
are used to determine lengths of bars. for EN 1990 and EN 1992.
The figures should be treated as estimates only as they cannot Designers should ensure that these data are current when the
deal with the effects of designers’ and detailers’ preferences, spreadsheet is used. When using TCC31R for permanent design,
rationalisation, etc. They do not allow for reinforcement in designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this sheet with
supporting beams or for mesh. any design calculations. It should be noted that it is possible to
switch on the adjacent spans loaded combination by changing ‘b’
to ‘a’ in cell D6. BSEN 1992-1-1 recommends using the adjacent
Uls! and alternate load arrangements. However to the UK National
Annex only the cell spans and alternate load arrangements need
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out to be considered.
at the ultimate limit state but is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes. All load cases to
BS EN 1992-1-1 are calculated. Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit state at 1/20th points along each span.
The results are used in Def!. This sheet is not necessarily intended
for printing out other than for checking purposes.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
to prEN 1992-1-1. It is not necessarily intended for printing out
other than for checking purposes. In many instances, service
stress, σs, has been set to 1.0 or 0.0001 N/mm2 to avoid problems
with division by zero.
Def!
This sheet calculates deflections at 1/20th points for each span
and for each load condition. For each point and loading stage it
considers moment, As, As’, d, d2 , uncracked neutral axis depth
- x, uncracked inertia - I, cracked neutral axis depth - x, cracked
inertia – I, uncracked moment capacity – Mcr, distribution factor
215
216
LOADING DIAGRAM
A G
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
Characteristic Dead 23.14 67.31 54.70 67.31 23.14
Max Imposed 8.48 21.71 17.65 21.71 8.48
Min Imposed -1.02 10.86 8.82 10.86 -1.02
MAX ULTIMATE 41.74 113.34 98.06 113.34 41.74
217
50 50
0 0
-50 -50
-100 -100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
A G A G
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 0.0 83.1 55.4 83.1 0.0 ~ ~
Redistributed M 0.0 70.6 55.4 70.6 0.0 ~ ~
ßb 1.000 0.850 1.000 0.850 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 15.0% 0.0% 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 64.5 37.7 37.7 64.5 ~ ~
Redistributed M 64.9 38.1 38.1 64.9 ~ ~
ßb 1.005 1.011 1.011 1.005 ~ ~
80 100
60
40 50
20
0 0
-20
-40 -50
-60
-80 -100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
A G A G
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 41.6 62.0 54.7 47.9 47.9 54.7
Redistributed V 41.7 60.3 54.0 49.0 49.0 54.0
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 62.0 41.6 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 60.3 41.7 ~ ~ ~ ~
-10
-20
-30
-40
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
SW + parts (inst) 15.8 1.8 1.8 15.8 mm
Quasi permanent 25.5 4.6 4.6 25.5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
Variable 5.1 2.3 2.3 5.1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
218
219
220
221
Uls! is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit states corresponding to full service load and to quasi-
permanent load. It uses the same load cases as Uls! and finds
upper and lower bound limits at 1/20th points along the spans.
Again this sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references
to prEN 1992-1-1. It is not necessarily intended for printing out
other than for checking purposes. In many instances, service
stress, ss, has been set to 1.0 or 0.0001 N/mm2 to avoid problems
with division by zero.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for printing
out other than for checking purposes.
Refs!
This sheet comprises the values for nationally determined
parameters that have been used in the spreadsheet. These data
reflect the values given in draft UK National Annexes for EN 1990
and EN 1992.
Designers should ensure that these data are current when the
spreadsheet is used. When using TCC31R for permanent design,
designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this sheet with
any design calculations. It should be noted that it is possible to
switch on the adjacent spans loaded combination by changing ‘b’
to ‘a’ in cell D6. BSEN 1992-1-1 recommends using the adjacent
and alternate load arrangements. However to the UK National
Annex only the cell spans and alternate load arrangements need
to be considered.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
222
1 5a
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4
Characteristic Dead 18.5 65.9 59.3 18.8 ~ ~ ~
Max Imposed 14.5 38.5 37.8 14.5 ~ ~ ~
Min Imposed -2.2 2.2 2.1 -2.1 ~ ~ ~
MAX ULTIMATE 43.5 138.1 128.8 43.9 ~ ~ ~
223
120 120
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-20 -20
-40 -40
-60 -60
-80 -80
-100 -100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 0.0 105.2 101.6 0.0 ~ ~ kNm/m
Redistributed M 0.0 89.4 86.4 0.0 ~ ~ kNm/m
1.000 0.850 0.850 1.000 ~ ~ ~
Redistribution 15.0% 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic M 73.49 62.07 74.78 ~ ~ ~
Redistributed M 69.27 59.73 70.49 ~ ~ ~
0.943 0.962 0.943 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN/m)
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-20 -20
-40 -40
-60 -60
-80 -80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 44.8 67.9 72.2 63.2 67.4 45.2
Redistributed V 43.5 65.9 72.2 63.3 65.5 43.9
SPAN No
Elastic V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
224
225
226
227
This sheet provides the main inputs to the spreadsheet (although The spreadsheet takes automatic measures to ensure deflection
other inputs occur in other sheets). criteria are met.
Most inputs are self-explanatory. LEGEND! should help with To the right under Operating instructions a number of checks are
definition of dimensions, e.g. end distance in MAIN! F18: F19 is carried out. Box markers indicate where checks have been carried
actually from centreline of column to the end/edge of the slab. out and proved satisfactory.
Cover is defined as being to the layer under design.
228
Uls! is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit states corresponding to full service load and to quasi-
permanent load. It uses the same load cases as Uls! and finds
upper and lower bound limits at 1/20th points along the spans.
Again this sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
229
LOADING DIAGRAM
A D
230
800 800
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5 6
Elastic M 400.8 632.5 558.0 558.0 632.5 400.8 ~
Redistributed M 249.4 506.0 530.1 530.1 506.0 249.4 ~
δ 0.622 0.800 0.950 0.950 0.800 0.622 ~
Redistribution 20.0% 5.0% 5.0% 20.0%
End support reinf. Ø mm 16 16
* *
SPAN No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 363.0 320.2 328.4 320.2 363.0 ~
Redistributed M 468.8 322.2 309.9 322.2 468.8 ~
δ 1.291 1.006 0.944 1.006 1.291 ~
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN/m)
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
SPAN No 4 5
Elastic V 443.9 452.5 482.3 427.2 ~ ~
Redistributed V 451.2 444.9 482.6 413.8 ~ ~
REACTIONS (kN/m)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ALL SPANS LOADED 490.1 927.0 899.2 899.2 927.0 490.1
MAXIMUM 490.1 927.0 899.2 899.2 927.0 490.1
Characteristic Dead 222.0 395.8 377.8 377.8 395.8 222.0
Characteristic Imposed 141.9 288.5 285.0 285.0 288.5 141.9
For punching ex /by 0.2225 0.2107 0.2107 0.2225 (6.43)
u1 /u1* 1.3114 1.3114 (6.44)
231
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Singly reinforced ok ok ok
σs ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Singly reinforced ok ok ok
σs ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
232
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Singly reinforced ok ok ok
σs ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Singly reinforced ok ok ok
σs ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
233
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Singly reinforced ok ok ok
σs ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
234
Diagram shows legend for frames centred on EW gridlines - rotate 90° for frames centred on NS
gridlines.
235
SUMMARY Rebar for single direction only. All figures approximate - see User Guide.
3
TOTAL REINFORCEMENT IN BAY (kg) 2850 REINFORCEMENT DENSITY (kg/m ) 43.3
236
This spreadsheet also checks basic punching shear stresses around Summary 6 gives both characteristic and maximum ultimate
each column and gives an indication of the degree of shear column reactions.
reinforcing required. As it is impractical within this spreadsheet
to model a variety of holes adjacent to columns, the user should Summary 7 similarly displays column design moments and
check the effects of holes separately by using TCC13. values of ß VEd for punching shear.
Sheets ACTIONS!, SPANS!, LEGEND!, Weight!, Uls!, Sls!, Bar!, Summary 8 indicates the levels of punching shear stress by
Gra!, Refs! and Notes!, work in the same way as TCC33. summarizing actual stress divided by allowable stress at both the
basic control perimeter, u1 and at the column face. Where values
are greater than unity, shear links or studs are required and may
INPUT! be designed using TCC13. Alternatively or additionally, greater
punching resistance may be provided at a column by either a)
All relevant materials, geometric and loading data is input on this increasing levels of top reinforcement, or b) adding shear heads
sheet. at columns (see INPUT! cell K34).
As spans are entered into cells C13:E18, the key diagram below
will change in order to serve as a visual check on the correct input MAIN! ACTIONS! SPANS! LEGEND!
of geometry. Although the plan is to scale, the columns on this
key diagram are indicative only and do not reflect the column WEIGHT! Uls! Sls! Bar! Graf! Refs!
sizes entered.
These sheets are identical to the sheet of the same name in
Correct gridlines must be entered at cells G13 to H19. These TCC33, except that input values are controlled from INPUT!
are used to name the various runs on individual grids, so it is and may not be amended. In MAIN! if it is required to print out
important that there are no duplicates and that the correct detailed calculations for a particular gridline, the gridline should
number of grids are entered. be selected via the combo-boxes in L16. First select direction
(either EW or NS), then the required gridline.
The edge distances (centre line of column to edge of slab) in cells
O12 to O15 are equally important, as both analysis and punching In ACTIONS!, the redistribution is controlled by INPUT! L22.
shear calculations are very sensitive to these values.
In SPANS! the γGk,inf case is run automatically when the Run
When all input is complete, the “RUN RESULTS” button should Results Button is used.
be clicked. This then designs the frame on each gridline in turn,
and summarizes data on the RESULTS sheet. If any data changes
are subsequently made, the RESULTS VALID message at cell P17 Punch!
will change to “PRESS RUN BUTTON”.
This sheet gives details of the various values used in punching
shear calculations at all columns. These being, dave, pl, vRdc, u1, u1*,
RESULTS! u0, ß and vEd.
237
Originated from TCC33X.xls v3.0 on CD © 2004-6 The Concrete Centre chg - 238
248
Span C - D 7.500 Span 3 - 4 7.500 3 C North edge 250 400 West 125
Span D - E 7.500 4 D South edge 250 400
E East edge 400 250 LOADING (kN/m²)
West edge 400 250 Applied dead 0.50
Corners 250 250 Partitions 1.00
1 4 Imposed 2.50
Perimeter cladding
A Redistribution 15% % kN/m 8.50
st
Preferred max bar Ø 20 mm AGE at 1
End support reinf. Ø 20 mm CRACKING
14
Brittle partitions ? Yes days (3 - 28)
Usage Office
238
gridlines.
B2 & T2
PUNCHING SHEAR VERY HIGH at SOME COLUMNS Heads with a 400 projection should give few or no links at internal columns.
See page Summary 8 Alternatively, increases in top steel over columns will reduce link requirements.
REINFORCEMENT Estimated quantities (excluding any shear links)
Quantities allow for laps, but not for wastage, rationalisation or steel increases for shear. Concrete volume, m³ 172.0
Total weight, Tonnes 12.84 Rebar density, kg/m³ 74.7 Rebar density, kg/m² 18.7
239
240
241
Very many
PUNCHING, v Ed / v Rd.max Adjacent holes will increase values v Rd.max (Mpa) = 6.020
Grid 1 Grid 2 Grid 3 Grid 4
Grid A 0.531 0.539 0.539 0.531 < 50%
Grid B 0.546 0.497 0.497 0.546
Grid C 0.458 0.470 0.470 0.458 50 to 75%
Grid D 0.546 0.497 0.497 0.546
Grid E 0.531 0.539 0.539 0.531 75 to 100%
FAILS
242
ACTIONS!
MAIN!
ACTIONS! includes bending moment and shear force diagrams,
This sheet contains user input of materials, frame geometry and summaries of moments and shears and user input for amounts
load data. of redistribution. Users should ensure that the amounts of
redistribution are always considered and selected in line 26 as
Input data is blue and underlined. New data may be input by there are no default values.
overwriting default values or by entering values in ‘greyed-out’
cells. Entering a value of 5.0 in cell C18 will clear a line of data
in both the span and support data ready for input. Guidance on SPANS!
input for the type of section and type of end condition of the
support is given under ‘Operating instructions’. This sheet designs reinforcement for bending in spans and
supports and for shear in the spans. User input is required for
The dimensions of the flange widths, beff, are entered manually, reinforcement sizes – some intuition may be required to obtain
but maximum permitted values can be seen in cells M12:M17. sensible arrangements of reinforcement. Non-existent spans are
It is important that the correct usage of the members under blanked out. Support moments (including cantilever moments)
consideration is selected from the combo-box to the right of the are considered at the face of the support. This may lead to
screen, as this affects the magnitude of quasi-permanent SLS unequal amounts of reinforcement being designed for each side
moments. of the support. See Bar!
The sheet has been set up with as many ‘carry throughs’ as EC2 requires that all spans should be loaded with both γGk,sup
possible, i.e. input cells are made equal to preceding input and γGk,inf . γGk,sup is used initially, and for γGk,inf the “Run γGk,inf
cells to make the inputting of regular beams easier. Inputting Loadcase” button must be activated. A red warning message will
C18 as = C17 will insert 6.00 in the remaining spans: it will also appear if this has not been done, or if any relevant input data are
remove the grey conditional background to the remaining spans, subsequently changed. Using γGk,inf (=1.0) leads to higher hogging
supports and loads and allow data entry. Deleting C18, indeed moments in spans.
C19, will blank out remaining spans, etc. Generally, values in red
or red backgrounds indicate either incorrect or excess data. For With regard to deflection, the area of steel required, As mm2 /m,
instance, if knife-edge supports are required, entering ‘K’ in cell shown under ‘Design for the Centre’ part of the span, may have
C24 will elicit red data to the right, which needs to be cleared been automatically increased in order to reduce service stress,
manually. Point loads should be at least 0.001m from a support. σs, and increase modification factors to satisfy deflection criteria.
The percentage increase, if any, is shown under ‘Deflection’.
Do not copy and paste input values as this can corrupt formatting
(copy and paste values only is OK). An additional limit of maximum allowable area of steel to comply
with deflection criteria, As def, = 1.5 x As reqd has been imposed in
‘Rebar layering’ refers to whether there are beams in the other line with UK Nation Annex, Note 5 to Table 7.4.N (BS). With
direction. Answering yes drops by one bar diameter the steel at respect to cantilevers, neither compression steel enhancement
the supports. For instance when using splice bars at the support nor consideration of rotation at supports is included.
bars in the other direction have to be avoided - and allowed for
in the design. The top steel in the centre of spans is determined by adding
together the steel required for hogging at 1/4 span and the
With respect to cantilevers, design for bending caters for appropriate additional tensile force due to shear ∆Fed (see CI
moments at the face of support; design for deflection considers 9.2.1.3). It is assumed that 100% hogging steel at supports will
the cantilever from the centre line of support. In beam-to-beam be curtailed at 0.25 span or max 50%at 0,2 span and 50% at
situations the width of support can be input as being very small 0.3 span.
to avoid under-design in bending.
243
Uls! is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit states corresponding to full service load and to quasi-
permanent load. It uses the same load cases as Uls! and finds
upper and lower bound limits at 1/20th points along the spans.
Again this sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
Bar!
Intended mainly for first time users and young engineers, this
sheet gives further details of the calculations summarised in
SPAN! Support moments are considered at faces of supports;
checks at 1/4 span relate to hogging and any top steel required is
provided in the span.
Graf!
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and ACTIONS!:
it is not intended for formal printing.
244
SUPPORTS ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 2 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 3 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 4 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 5 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 6
Support 7
Usage: Shopping With brittle partitions
LOADING DIAGRAM
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS LOADED 169.2 421.3 385.2 421.3 169.2
MAX ULTIMATE 169.7 421.3 385.2 421.3 169.7
Characteristic Dead 93.3 252.3 217.0 252.3 93.3
Max Imposed 32.8 80.0 68.8 80.0 32.8
Min Imposed -3.3 39.9 34.4 39.9 -3.3
245
300 250
250 200
200 150
150 100
100 50
50 0
0 -50
-50 -100
-100 -150
-150 -200
-200 -250
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 40.9 246.9 178.5 246.9 40.9 ~ kNm/m
Redistributed M 40.9 197.5 178.5 197.5 40.9 ~ kNm/m
δ 1.000 0.800 1.000 0.800 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 20.0% 20.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 169.8 108.9 108.9 169.8 ~ ~
Redistributed M 181.3 113.9 113.9 181.3 ~ ~
δ 1.068 1.046 1.046 1.068 ~ ~
SHEARS FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN)
300 250
200
200
150
100
100
50
0 0
-50
-100
-100
-150
-200
-200
-300 -250
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 230.6 165.8 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 222.4 169.7 ~ ~ ~ ~
246
247
248
The spreadsheet analyses and designs up to six spans of Unless overwritten, reinforcement diameter specified for a
continuous beams using sub-frame analysis. There is user input support carries through both sides of the support, i.e. the
on each of the first four sheets and choice of reinforcement for diameter specified for the right hand support of a span carries
each span is implicit. Input of spans and loads is in MAIN!. User over to the left hand support of the next span. It may be possible
input is required for bar sizes used in SPANS! to obtain different numbers of bars each side of the support due to
differences in depth or to comply with the minimum percentage
of span steel; practicality may dictate that the maximum number
JOBDATA! of bars at each support should be used.
This sheet consists of the main inputs of material, loading, The top steel in the centre of spans is determined by adding
construction and serviceability criteria pertaining to the together the steel required for hogging at 1/4 span and the
calculation of deflection to EN 1992-1-1. Users are expected to appropriate additional tensile force due to shear ∆FEd (see CI
use their knowledge of the project and judgement in completing 9.2.1.3). It is assumed that 100% hogging steel at supports will
this sheet. For creep reference is made to Eurocode 2. Reference be curtailed at 0.25 span or max 50%at 0,2 span and 50% at
may be made to the ‘How to Design’ leaflet (due to be published 0.3 span.
by the Concrete Centre during 2006) on calculating deflections
for guidance on values to be used. The default values given in this
sheet are not unusual. WEIGHT!
Weight! gives an estimate of the total amount of reinforcement
MAIN! required in the beam and per cubic metre.
249
Uls! Notes!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
at the ultimate limit state but is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit state at 1/20th points along each span. The results are used
in Def!. This sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out
other than for checking purposes.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with references to
EN 1992-1-1. It is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes. In many instances, service stress, σs,
has been set to 1.0 or 0.0001 N/mm2 to avoid problems with
division by zero.
Def!
This sheet calculates deflections at 1/20th points for each span
and for each load condition. For each point and loading stage it
considers moment, As, As’, d, d2 , uncracked neutral axis depth
- x, uncracked inertia - I, cracked neutral axis depth - x, cracked
inertia – I, uncracked moment capacity – Mcr, distribution factor
- ε, z, final x, concrete stresses – σc, curvature -1/r, slope and
curvature to calculate deflection. The sheet is rather large and is
not necessarily intended for printing out other than for checking
purposes.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for printing
out other than for checking purposes.
Refs!
This sheet comprises the values for nationally determined
parameters that have been used in the spread-sheet. These data
reflect the values given in draft UK National Annexes for EN 1990
and EN 1992. Designers should ensure that these data are current
when the spreadsheet is used. When using TCC31R for permanent
design, designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this
sheet with any design calculations.
250
251
SUPPORTS ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 2 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 3 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 4 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 5 3.750 250 250 F 3.750 250 250 F
Support 6
Support 7
LOADING DIAGRAM
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS LOADED 165.4 417.7 380.7 417.7 165.4
ODD SPANS LOADED 166.1 350.3 312.5 353.1 95.0
EVEN SPANS LOADED 95.0 353.1 312.5 350.3 166.1
MAX ULTIMATE 166.1 417.7 380.7 417.7 166.1
Characteristic Dead 81.5 223.6 196.3 223.6 81.5
Max characteristic Imposed 42.9 92.3 90.4 92.3 42.9
Min characteristic Imposed -4.5 47.4 44.9 47.4 -4.5
252
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
-100 -100
-200 -200
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 41.5 239.4 177.8 239.4 41.5
Redistributed M 41.5 191.5 160.0 191.5 41.5
δ 1.000 0.800 0.900 0.800 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 20.0% 10.0% 20.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 171.0 117.4 117.4 171.0
Redistributed M 177.5 117.9 117.9 177.5
δ 1.038 1.003 1.003 1.038 HOGS HOGS
200 200
100 100
0 0
-100 -100
-200 -200
-300 -300
SPAN No 1 2 3
Elastic V 164.6 224.8 204.5 188.0 188.0 204.5
Redistributed V 166.1 216.8 200.9 190.4 190.4 200.9
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 224.8 164.6
Redistributed V 216.8 166.1
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
At striking 3.1 0.7 0.7 3.1 mm
Quasi permanent 8.0 3.4 3.4 8.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
Variable 2.2 1.4 1.4 2.2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! mm
253
254
255
256
257
DETAILS!
Over nine pages, DETAILS! shows detailed calculations regarding
section properties, distribution factors, moment distribution
used for the sub-frame analysis, profiling constants, pre-stressing
losses, balanced loads, ULS moment and shear checks, and finally
vibration.
Def!
The deflection sheet gives details of calculations dealing with
defections.
Gra!
Graf! provides the data for the charts within CONTROL! and
RESULTS! That show:
■ the configuration and loads,
■ tendon profile,
258
OPTIONS Exposure class is XC2, XC3, XC4 Prestress system is unbonded and stressed from left end
Beam supporting solid slab Wmax, mm = 0.3
Jacking force /fpk = 0.8 Top bonded rebar in spans? Yes (Helps to reduce deflections - recommended)
Slab type S (S)olid, (R)ibbed or (W)affle, supported by beam Damping, ζ (1% to 4½%) 1.5%
MATERIALS CONCRETE fck = 40 Ecm = 35.22 c,max = 18.00 t,max = 5.09 Design hypothetical
tensile stresses to limit
At transfer, 4 days, fck(i) = 26.54 Ecm(i) = 31.91 c,max(i) = 11.94 t,max (i) = 3.66
cracking
Cement type R Curing time (days) = 3 c = 1.50
Ave ambient during curing = 18ºC Longterm R/H % 55 .
NOTES on MATERIALS
BRITISH LOW RELAXATION STRAND
Type Dia Area fpk Weight RELAXATION at 0.7fpk
Standard 15.2 139 1670 1.090 Ambient ºC 20 40 60 80 100
12.5 93 1770 0.730 Relaxation 1.8 3.5 5.1 7.5 10.7
Super 15.7 150 1770 1.180
12.9 100 1860 0.785
Compact 15.2 165 1820 1.295
12.7 112 1860 0.890
259
CONFIGURATION SLAB supporting Solid Slab, Exposure class XC2, XC3, XC4, Wk = 0.3 mm, fck = 40, Stressed from Both Ends
TENDON PROFILE (heights to strand centre: see heights specified under TENDONS below)
484
295 295
41 43
260
GLOBAL STATUS VALID DESIGN 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
261
0 0.0
-500 -594.0
-727.3
-1000
(g) DEFLECTION
262
TYPICAL CALCULATION
for Span 1 at 3.60 m from C/L of LH support EC2 Ref
Class XC2, XC3, XC4 Tee section, h = 525 mm, bw = 1800 mm hf = 200 mm, bf =3000 mm. Table 4.1
Ac = 1185000mm², Z top = 120.0E6 mm³, and Z bottom = 93.3E6 mm³
Tendons are unbonded, Ap = 100mm², fpk = 1,860 N/mm2 and 75.0 mm from soffite
There are 18 tendons, jacked to 1,488 N/mm² or 80% fpk
Prestress losses at this section are 121.4 kN at transfer and 283.3 kN longterm 5.10.5 & 6
263
SPANS!
MAIN!
This sheet designs reinforcement for bending in spans and
This sheet contains user input of materials, frame geometry and supports and for shear in the spans. User input is required for link
load data. sizes (e.g. at cell I22) and the amount by which span top steel
should be increased (e.g. at cell N21). Non-existent spans are
Input data is blue and underlined. New data may be input by blanked out. Support moments (including cantilever moments)
overwriting default values or by entering values in ‘greyed-out’ are considered at the face of the support. This may lead to
cells. Entering a value of 5.0 in cell C20 will clear a line of data unequal amounts of reinforcement being designed for each side
in both the span and support data ready for input. It will also of the support. See Bar!
initiate red data that will clear as the appropriate missing data is
added. Guidance on input for the type of section and type of end Beneath ‘Operating instructions’, both maximum and minimum
condition of the support is given under ‘Operating instructions’. main bar diameters may be selected. Also, for each span, the
percentage of span top steel may be increased in order to improve
The dimensions of the flange widths, beff, are entered manually, the permissible span:depth ratio.
but maximum permitted values can be seen in cells M14:M19.
It is important that the correct usage of the members under Besides the limit of maximum modification factor for deflection
consideration is selected from the combo-box to the right of the = 2.0, an additional limit of maximum allowable area of steel
screen, as this affects the magnitude of quasi-permanent SLS to comply with deflection criteria, As def, = 1.5 x As reqd, i.e. an
moments. allowable increase of 1.5 As req ie.50% bottom span steel, has
been imposed in line with Note 5 to Table 7.4 N(BS) in the UK
The ‘brittle partitions’ switch affects the span:depth modifier for National Annex.
spans greater than 7 m.
264
EC2 requires that all spans should be loaded with both γGk,sup
and γGk,inf. γGk,sup is used initially, and for γGk,inf the Run γGk,inf
Bar!
Loadcase button must be activated. A red warning message will
Intended mainly for first time users and young engineers, this
appear if this has not been done, or if any relevant input data are
sheet gives further details of the calculations summarised in
subsequently changed. Using γGk,inf (=1.0) leads to higher hogging
SPAN! Support moments are considered at faces of supports;
moments in spans.
checks at 1/4 span relate to hogging and any top steel required at
either of these points is provided throughout the span.
The top steel in the centre of spans is determined by adding together
the steel required for hogging at 1/4 span and the appropriate
additional tensile forces due to shear ∆ FEd (see CI 9.2.1.3). It is
assumed that 100% hogging steel at supports will be curtailed at
Graf!
0.25 span or max 50%at 0,2 span and 50% at 0.3 span.
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and ACTIONS!:
it is not intended for formal printing.
WEIGHT!
Weight! gives an estimate of the total amount of reinforcement
Refs!
required in the beam and per cubic metre.
This sheet comprises the values for nationally determined
parameters that have been used in the spreadsheet.
Simplified curtailment rules, similar to those defined in BS 8110,
are used to determine lengths of bars. The figures should be
These data reflect the values given in draft UK National Annexes
treated as estimates only as they cannot deal with the effects of
for EN 1990 and EN 1992.
designers’ and detailers’ preferences, rationalisation etc.
Designers should ensure that these data are current when the
Uls! spreadsheet is used. When using TCC31 for permanent design,
designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this sheet with
any design calculations.
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried out
at the ultimate limit state. The following patterns for imposed
It should be noted that it is possible to switch on the adjacent
loading are considered to find a worse case.
spans loaded arrangement by changing ‘b’ to ‘a’ in cell D6. BS
EN 1992-1-1 recommends using the adjacent and alternate load
■ All spans loaded arrangements. However to the UK National Annex only the cell
■ Odd spans loaded spans and alternate load arrangements need to be considered.
■ Even spans loaded
■ Adjacent spans loaded* Notes!
● Spans 1 & 2 and 5 & 6 loaded*
● Spans 2 & 3 loaded* This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
● Spans 3 & 4 loaded*
● Spans 4 & 5 loaded*
Uls! is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for
checking purposes.
Sls!
This sheet details the analysis carried out at the serviceability
limit states corresponding to full service load and to quasi-
permanent load. It uses the same load cases as Uls! and finds
upper and lower bound limits at 1/20th points along the spans.
Again this sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
265
SUPPORTS ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond
Support 1 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 2 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 3 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 4 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 5 3.750 300 300 F 3.750 300 300 F
Support 6
Support 7
Usage: Office With brittle partitions
LOADING DIAGRAM
REACTIONS (kN)
SUPPORT 1 2 3 4 5
ALL SPANS LOADED 245.2 952.5 1078.4 889.1 117.4
MAX ULTIMATE 278.6 952.5 1078.4 889.1 169.4
Characteristic Dead 126.1 471.4 558.1 446.7 59.4
Max Imposed 80.8 232.9 273.5 211.3 63.5
Min Imposed -22.3 75.8 131.2 44.4 -34.7
266
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1000 800
800 600
600 400
400
200
200
0
0
-200
-200
-400
-400
-600 -600
SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5
Elastic M 63.7 602.9 812.5 601.2 15.4 ~ kNm/m
Redistributed M 63.7 602.9 690.6 601.2 15.4 ~ kNm/m
δ 1.000 1.000 0.850 1.000 1.000 ~ ~
Redistribution 15.0%
SPAN No 1 2 3 4
Elastic M 250.3 488.5 475.2 100.7 ~ ~
Redistributed M 250.3 487.7 482.8 100.7 ~ ~
δ 1.000 0.998 1.016 1.000 ~ ~
SHEARS FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN)
800 600
600
400
400
200
200
0 0
-200
-200
-400
-400
-600
-800 -600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SPAN No 4
Elastic V 377.1 169.4 ~ ~ ~ ~
Redistributed V 377.1 169.4 ~ ~ ~ ~
267
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
268
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
CHECKS % As ok ok ok
Cover ok ok ok
min S ok ok ok
max S ok ok ok
Links ok ok ok
Main bars ok ok ok
max V ok ok
Deflection ok
269
270
Select!
On this page, checks for the chosen number of bars at each level
are carried out for six different bar diameters. The smallest bar
diameter that passes all checks is then selected for display on
RESULTS!
Col~M
On this page, flexural stiffnesses are calculated for all beams and
columns and limited moment distributions are carried out to
determine column moments.
Slen!
Here the effective heights of columns and slenderness ratios
are determined from relative rotational stiffnesses, as well as
nominal moments due to imperfections.
M2!
This is where second order moments are calculated, for each lift
and for each possible bar diameter.
Secs!
Here the section moments of resistance are determined for the
given axial load at each level, for each possible bar diameter and
on both axes.
Gra!
This page contains data for generation of the diagrams.
271
Base condition
Pinned
Span Y2
KEY PLAN
272
273
Section calculation for column below level 2 300 x 450 with 6 H25 bars
fcd = cc x fck /c = 0.85 x 35 /1.5 = 19.83 N/mm²
fyd = fyk /s = 500 /1.15 = 434.78 N/mm²
STATUS Valid design
ACTIONS
from load take-down, NEd = 3,035.9 kN n = 1000 x 3,035.9 /19.83 /300 /450 = 1.134 5.8.8.3 (3)
from bending analysis, M0xx top = 0.10 kNm M0yy top = 1.42 kNm M 0 are applied moments
SLENDERNESS
from flexural stiffness analysis, L0x = 2.576 m and L0y = 3.084 m (5.15)
rxx = (300² /12) = 86.60 mm ryy = (450² /12) = 129.90 mm gross section
therefore, x = 2,576 /86.60 = 29.74 and y = 3,084 /129.90 = 23.74
efx = 2 x 0.741 = 1.481 efy = 2 x 0.611 = 1.222 (5.19)
limx = 22x2.538/(1+0.2 x 1.481)/1.134 = 40.46 limy = 22x1.893/(1+0.2 x 1.222)/1.134 = 31.42 (5.13N)
29.74 40.46 therefore column is short 23.74 31.42 therefore column is short
SECTION ANALYSIS
cu3 = 0.0035 and c3 = 0.00175 from Table 3.1 = 0.80 = 1.00 3.19) to (3.22)
.fcd = 19.83 x 1.00 = 19.83 N/mm² net fyd = 434.78 - 19.83 = 414.95 N/mm²
d2 = 30 + 8 + 25/2 = 50.5 mm As = x 25² /4 x 6 = 2,945 mm²
MRd = fcz + Fsa - NRd(d - h/2) = 277.67 + 113.32 - 301.99 MRd = 473.80 + 213.26 - 529.73
Moment of resistance, MRd = 89.00 kNm MRd = 157.33 kNm
274
Originated from TCC51.xls version 3.0 on CD © 2004 - 2005 TCC CHG - FB625
BIAXIAL CHECK
Max of x/y and y/x = 1.253 < 2 exbeyh = 0.103 (5.38a & b)
BIAXIAL CHECK NOT REQUIRED 5.8.9 (3)
. 3,958.0 kN . 3,035.9 /3,958.0 = 0.767 5.8.9 (4)
a = 1.612 from table
. 0.7555 <1 OK
275
MAIN!
Main! contains all input and output data, including details of
members connected to the top and bottom of the column. These
are used to assess slenderness criteria and additional moments.
Calcs!
Calcs! shows the derivation of the charts where moment capacity
is calculated at intervals of neutral axis depth from n.a. depth for
N = 0 to n.a. depth for N = Nbal, then at intervals from n.a. depth
for N = Nbal to n.a. depth for N = Nuz.
Cases!
Cases! identifies the smallest bar diameter that satisfies each of
the load cases.
276
MATERIALS
fck 32 N/mm² s 1.15 steel Cover 35 mm
fyk 500 N/mm² c 1.5 concrete dg 20 mm
2 ef 1.15 c,dev 10 mm Remote
Steel class A CONNECTING BEAMS/SLABS end
DESIGN SECTION Clear height, L = 3600 mm b (mm) h (mm) L (m) (F) or (P)
h 400 mm RESTRAINTS Top left 350 500 7.5 F
b 250 mm Top F Fixed Top right 350 500 6 F
Bars per face 2 No Btm F Fixed Bottom left 350 500 7.5 F
All bars in 250 wide faces Braced Y Bottom right 350 500 6 F
. Beam stiffnesses are 70% of uncracked stiffness
Column above? Y Col below? Y
BAR ARRANGEMENTS Data on connecting beams only affects loadcases, not charting.
Type Bar Ø Asc % Link Ø Bar c/c Nbal (kN) Nuz (kN) Checks
H 40 5.03 10 120.0 0.0 0.0 Asc > 4 %
H 32 3.22 8 132.0 733.7 2880.9 ok
H 25 1.96 8 139.0 752.9 2465.0 ok
H 20 1.26 8 144.0 764.9 2230.4 ok
H 16 0.80 8 148.0 773.5 2080.2 ok
H 12 0.45 8 152.0 781.1 1963.5 ok
N:M INTERACTION CHART for 400 x 250 column, grade C32, 35 mm cover and 2 bars on 250 mm faces
3500
3000
Min M
2600
AXIAL COMPRESSION, NEd (kN)
2500 2500
H32
2000 H25
H20
H16 1750
1500 H12
1350
1000
Nbal
610
500 500
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
LOADCASES Load case NEd (kN) m0e (kNm) MEd (kNm) Load case NEd (kN) m0e (kNm) MEd (kNm)
Double 1 500 165 167.7 4 H25 4 610 80 83.2 4 H12
curvature ? 2 1750 120 129.3 4 H32 5 1350 185 192.2 4 H32
Yes 3 2600 35 52.0 4 H32 6 2500 150 163.3 No Fit
277
Designers should ensure that these data are current when the
MAIN! spreadsheet is used. When using TCC31R for permanent design,
designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this sheet with
MAIN! contains all input data and gives designs for the input load any design calculations.
cases.
Guidance for the input is given within the spreadsheet but users Notes!
should be familiar with BS EN 1992-1-1 Section 5.8 The input
moments are the initial end moments due to ultimate design This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
loads as defined in BS EN 1990 about the appropriate axes. Madd,
the critical direction for bi-axial bending and design moments are
calculated.
CHARTS!
CHARTS! shows two charts, one chart for when MEdx is critical and
one for when MEdy is critical. These Axial load:Moment interaction
charts for the specified section also show relevant input load
cases. The load cases are identified by axial load only (a quirk of
Excel!).
Slen!
The calculations on this sheet determine slenderness criteria and
effective column lengths about both axes.
Cases!
Cases! identifies the smallest bar diameter that satisfies each of
the load cases. Calculations are made for both directions and the
spreadsheet decides which axis is dominant. Bi-axial bending is
278
MATERIALS
fck 35 N/mm² s 1.15 Cover to link 30 mm
fyk 500 N/mm² c 1.5 dg 20 mm
2.9 ef 1.6 c,dev 10 mm
SECTION Steel class A
h 325 mm .
b 275 mm
with 2 bars per 275 face X X
and 2 bars per 325 face
ie. 325 x 275 columns with 4 bars
Remote
RESTRAINTS Storey Top Btm CONNECTING BEAMS/SLABS end
height (mm) Condition Condition Braced ? b (mm) h (mm) L (m) (F) or (P)
X-AXIS 5000 F P Y Top West 300 500 8 F
Y-AXIS 5000 F P Y Top East 300 500 6 F
Top North 7000 175 5 F
Top South 7000 175 5 F
L (mm) L0 (mm) h0 (mm) Bottom West
X-AXIS 4500 3459 149 Bottom East
Y-AXIS 4825 3709 Bottom North
Bottom South
Beam stiffnesses are 70% of uncracked stiffness
Column above? Y Col below? Y
BAR ARRANGEMENTS BAR CENTRES (mm)
Bar Ø Asc % Link Ø 275 Face 325 Face Nuz (kN) Checks
H 32 3.60 8 167 217 2835 ok
H 25 2.20 8 174 224 2421 ok
H 20 1.41 8 179 229 2188 ok
H 16 0.90 8 183 233 2038 ok
H 12 0.51 8 187 237 1922 ok
H 10 8 189 239 As or Ø < minimum
279
Guidance for the input is given within the spreadsheet but users
should be familiar with BS EN 1992-1-1 especially Section 5.8.
Notes!
The input moments are the ultimate design moments from
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
analysis resolved around an appropriate axis. Allowances for
imperfections (NEde1) and where appropriate for second order
effects (M2=NEde2) in slender columns are added automatically
to the first order moment input at E57 to give MEd in cells F57etc.
The input moment at E57 should have been resolved for bending
in two directions by the user.
Calcs!
These sheets show the derivation of the charts where moment
and axial load capacity is calculated at intervals of neutral axis
depth (in intervals from n.a. depth for N = 0 to n.a. depth for N
= Nbal, then at intervals from n.a. depth for N = Nbal to n.a. depth
for N = Nuz.
Circle!
The calculations on this sheet determine slenderness criteria and
effective column lengths about both axes.
Cases!
Cases! identifies the smallest bar diameter that satisfies each of
the load cases. Calculations are made for both directions and the
spreadsheet decides which axis is dominant.
280
MATERIALS
fck 30 N/mm² s 1.15 steel Cover 30 mm
fyk 500 N/mm² c 1.5 concrete dg 20 mm
2.41 ef 1.45 c,dev 5 mm Remote
Steel class A CONNECTING BEAMS/SLABS end
DESIGN SECTION RESTRAINTS b (mm) h (mm) L (m) (F) or (P)
h 475 mm L= 3600 mm Top left 350 500 7.5 F
with 8 bars Top F Fixed Top right 350 500 6 F
Btm F Fixed Bottom left 350 500 7.5 F
Braced Y . Bottom right 350 500 6 F
Beam stiffnesses are 70% of uncracked stiffness
Column above? Y Col below? Y
BAR ARRANGEMENTS Data on connecting beams only affects loadcases, not charting.
Type Bar Ø Asc % Link Ø Bar c/c Nbal (kN) Nuz (kN) Checks
H 40 5.67 10 163.0 0.0 0.0 Asc > max %
H 32 3.63 8 165.3 899.0 5264.4 ok
H 25 2.22 8 166.7 963.0 4386.9 ok
H 20 1.42 8 167.7 1185.1 3892.1 ok
H 16 0.91 8 168.5 1355.4 3575.5 ok
H 12 0.51 8 169.3 1363.9 3329.2 ok
N:M interaction chart for 475 diameter column, grade C30/37 concrete and 30 mm cover
6000
Min M
5000
8H32
4000
AXIAL LOAD NEd (kN)
8H25
LC2
8H20
3000 8H16
LC3
LC5
LC1 8H12
2000
LC6
1000
LC4
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
LOADCASES Loadcase NEd (kN) m0e (kNm) MEd (kNm) Loadcase NEd (kN) m0e (kNm) MEd (kNm)
Double 1 2600 40 57.6 8 H12 4 610 170 174.1 8 H16
curvature ? 2 3500 110 133.7 8 H25 5 2750 315 333.6 8 H32
Yes 3 2850 120 139.3 8 H20 6 1500 240 250.1 8 H20
281
282
283
FLIGHT!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. Inputs
are in blue and underlined and most should be self-explanatory.
LANDING!
Again, this single sheet consists of the input and main output.
Input defaults in magenta have been derived from FLIGHT! but
may be overwritten. Calculations are done per metre width of
landing.
Reactions are ultimate, both total and per metre run. The area
of steel required, As, can be automatically increased to satisfy
deflection criteria.
Dias!
Dias! calculates the reinforcement sizes and reinforcement
percentages for deflection modification factors used in FLIGHT!
and LANDING!
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
284
MATERIALS
fck 30 Mpa c 1.5 concrete Min bar Ø = 10
fyk 500 Mpa s 1.15 steel Max bar Ø = 16
dg 20 mm Density 25 kN/m³ Steel class = A
Cover 25 mm (Normal weight concrete) Nominal top steel ? Y
LOADING
Imposed 4.00 kN/m² 43.64 kN/m ult 34.37 kN/m ult
Flight finishes 1.60 kN/m² (21.54 + 11.16) (16.91 + 8.84)
Landing finishes 1.30 kN/m²
DESIGN
LANDING A, gk = 5.00 + 1.30 = 6.30 kN/m² n = 1.25 x 6.30 + 1.50 x 4.0 = 13.87 kN/m²
FLIGHT, gk = 7.48 + 1.60 = 9.08 kN/m² n = 1.25 x 9.08 + 1.50 x 4.0 = 17.33 kN/m²
LANDING C, gk = 5.00 + 1.30 = 6.30 kN/m² n = 1.25 x 6.30 + 1.50 x 4.0 = 13.87 kN/m²
285
MATERIALS
fck 30 N/mm² c 1.5 concrete Min bar Ø = 10
fyk 500 N/mm² s 1.15 steel Max bar Ø = 16
dg 20 mm Density 25 kN/m³
Cover 25 mm (Normal weight concrete) Nominal top steel ? Y
DIMENSIONS
a = 1200 mm depth, h = 175 mm
b = 1200 mm width, w = 1200 mm
c = 250 mm
d = 175 mm L = 3000 mm
LOADING
LANDING Imposed 4.00 kN/m² 73.50 kN ult 68.12 kN ult
Finishes 1.50 kN/m² 61.25 kN/m ult 56.77 kN/m ult
Slab 4.38 kN/m²
n = 1.25 x 5.88 + 1.5 x 4.0 = 13.34 kN/m²
gk qk n1 = (1.25 x 21.54 + 1.5 x 11.16)/1.20 = 36.37 kN/m²
Flight a reaction 21.54 11.16 kN/m n2 = (1.25 x 16.91 + 1.5 x 8.84)/1.20 = 28.64 kN/m²
Flight b reaction 16.91 8.84 kN/m
DESIGN
Zero shear is at (61.25 - 2.33) /(13.34 + 36.37) + 0.175 = 1.360 m from left
M = 61.25 x 1.360 - 13.34 x 1.360²/2 - 36.37 x 1.185²/2 = 45.43 kNm/m
d = 175 - 25 - 8 = 142 mm K = 0.0751 As = 792 mm²/m
PROVIDE H16 @ 160 B = 1257 mm²/m
s = 310.1 Mpa Enhanced by 50.0 % for deflection H10 @ 350 T in span
L/d = 3,000 /142 = 21.12 > 19.1 x 1.000 x 1.000 = 19.05 allowed FAILS
286
287
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs for both SINGLE! and
DOUBLE!
Refs!
This sheet comprises the values for nationally determined
parameters that have been used in the spreadsheet. These data
reflect the values given in draft UK National Annexes for EN 1990
and EN 1992.
Designers should ensure that these data are current when the
spreadsheet is used. When using TCC81 for permanent design,
designers are strongly advised to include a copy of this sheet with
any design calculations.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
288
PUNCHING SHEAR . .
d ave = 430 mm u crit = 7404 mm
As prov = 0.414 % vEd max = 2.750 N/mm² at col face
vEd = 0.464 N/mm² vRd,c = 0.467 N/mm²
289
DIMENSIONS mm
BASE COLUMN 1 (rhs) COLUMN 2 (lhs)
L= 3000 h1 = 300 h2 = 300
B= 3000 b1 = 300 b2 = 300
depth H = 475
ex = 300 ex1 = 150 ex2 = 150
ey = 1000 ey1 = 500 ey2 = 500
290
This spreadsheet designs pilecaps with between two and six piles, allow for this possible deviation. Pile reactions are not similarly
and then prepares a sketch drawing of each type of cap together increased.
with a bar schedule. Bending theory is employed throughout to
design the caps. This version is “subject to interpretation” as the Dimensional data for a double pile cap and the supported
full implications of Eurocode 7 and its National Annex have yet column are then entered, then column axial loads, moments and
to be incorporated. horizontal shears for dead load, imposed load and wind load. The
results of calculations for all Eurocode 2 loading combinations
This spreadsheet was prepared in line with BS EN 1997 [29] are then displayed below (on page 1), together with the required
but before UK National Annex to EN1997-1 was available. The arrangement of reinforcement. More detailed calculations may
spreadsheets therefore may not fully integrate with the NA be found by scrolling down to page 2.
but has been prepared on the basis of Prescriptive measure (i.e.
comparable experience) and therefore in line with ‘traditional’
methods of design (including the 25% allowable overload for 3CAP!, 4CAP!, 5CAP! and 6CAP!
wind load).
These sheets are identical in function to DOUBLE!, but deal with
This spreadsheet was prepared in line with BS EN 1997 [29] caps having 3, 4, 5 and 6 piles respectively. Material properties,
but before UK National Annex to EN1997-1 was available. The pile diameter and tolerance are picked up from DOUBLE!.
spreadsheets therefore may not fully integrate with the NA
but has been prepared on the basis of Prescriptive measure (i.e. Page numbers for printing do not follow on from previous sheets,
comparable experience) and therefore in line with ‘traditional’ so must be entered by the user. This allows for intermediate
methods of design (including the 25% allowable overload for calculation pages (perhaps for loading) to be inserted.
wind load).
Each of the first five sheets contains two pages that may be Beneath the ‘Operating instructions’, the number of each type
printed out. The first (or upper) page contains input data and of cap must be entered. These numbers are then used on the
a summary of results, while the second (or lower) page shows schedule and the drawing.
more detailed calculations.
The selection of size and number of top and bottom bars is DRAWING!
automated. The number of bars determined by either:
This sheet draws approximately to scale plans and elevations
with reinforcement and bar marks for each of the cap types. It
■ area of steel required/ area of maximum sized bar (taken to
is intended for printout to an A3 sheet. If the user wishes to add
be 32 mm diameter),
additional notes, these may be added in cell U27.
■ spacing rules or
■ number of legs of links required in shear.
Graf!
The size of link to be used has also been automated.
This sheet provides data for the charts in all sheets. It is not
The designer and detailer may wish to rationalise the output intended for formal printing
given on the DRAWING! sheet. But doing so will obviously affect
the bar data on SCHEDULE!
Notes!
DOUBLE! This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
291
292
293
294
PILE REACTIONS kN
PILE 1 PILE 2 PILE 3 OVERTURNING MOMENTS - kNm characteristic
Gk + Qk 141.0 169.4 192.5 . DEAD IMPOSED WIND
Gk + Qk +Wk 139.9 173.4 199.6 Mx 10.0 5.0 2.0
1.35Gk + 1.5Qk 194.9 234.7 267.0 My 20.0 10.0 5.0
1.0Gk + 1.5Wk 108.8 135.4 155.4 .
1.35Gk + 1.5Qk + 0.75Wk 193.8 238.7 274.1 .
295
No. of A* B* C* D* E/R *
Length of
Type and No. bars Shape
Member Bar mark Total No. each bar †
size of mbrs in code
mm mm mm mm mm mm
each
296
2 Pile Cap - 4 No
3 Pile Cap - 3 No
Links 11H8 03.200 + 2x11H8 04.200 Links 8H8 07 200 + 2x8H8 08 200 10 Link Legs 4 Pile Cap - 5 No
ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION
FB625
5 Pile Cap - 2 No
Job No
Dwg No
03-Jul-06
Rod
297
17/07/2006 17:19:02
Admin folder
Under the Admin folder will be found several files associated with Column width and cell overlap problems may occur unless the
the use of the spreadsheets. correct fonts and default font size are installed.
The Fonts
This folder contains the font files:
■ Tekton~i.ttf
■ Tekton~n.ttf
■ Marker.ttf
298
3 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004. 21 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 5400: 1988. Steel, concrete
Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structure (part 1-1) General rules and and composite bridges. British Standards Institution, London, 1988.
rules for buildings, including UK National Annex to BS EN 1992-1-1:
Design of Concrete Structures Part 1-1 BSI London 2005. 22 RAFIQ, M.Y. AND SOUTHCOMBE, C. Genetic algorithms in optimal
design and detailing of reinforced concrete biaxial columns supported
4 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8002: 1994. Code of by a declarative approach for capacity checking. International Journal
practice for earth retaining structures. British Standards Institution, of Computers and Structures, 69 (1998), pp 443 - 457.
London, 1994.
23 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8004: 1986. Code of
5 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8007: 1987. Code of practice practice for foundations. British Standards Institution, London, 1986.
for design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids. British
Standards Institution, London, 1987. 24 NARAYANAN, R S. Comparison of design requirements in EC2 and BS
8110. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 67, No 11, 6 June 1989, pp. 218 -
6 INSTITUTION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ET AL. Earth retaining 227.
structures. (Civil Engineering Code of Practice No. 2.) Institution of
Structural Engineers, London, 1975. 224 pp. 25 BEEBY, A.W. ET AL. Worked examples for the design of concrete
buildings. British Cement Association, Crowthorne, 1994. 256 pp.
7 MACLEOD, I.A. ET AL. Information technology for the structural
engineer. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 77, No. 3, 2 February 1999. pp. 26 BEEBY, A.W. & NARAYANAN, R.S. Designers handbook to Eurocode 2
23 - 25. Part 1.1: Design of concrete structures. Thomas Telford Ltd, London,
1994. 242 pp.
8 STANDING COMMITTEE ON STRUCTURAL SAFETY. Standing
Committee on Structural Safety, 10th report, July 1992 – June 1994. 27 WEBSTER, R. & Brooker, O. How to design concrete structures using
SETO Ltd, London, 1994. 32 pp. Eurocode 2: Deflections. The Concrete Centre, Camberley, Draft in
preparation 2005, 6pp.
9 ANSLEY, M. Liability concerns require adaptable software. Concrete
International, Vol. 19, No. 12, December 1997. pp. 37, 38. 28 INSTITUTION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS. Manual for the design of
reinforced concrete building structures to EC2. I Struct E, Draft in
10 KHAN, S. Techno Consultants Ltd, Manchester. Correspondence with preparation 2005.
authors, May 1999.
29 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION BS EN 1997-1: 2004, Eurocode
11 MOSLEY, W.H. & BUNGEY, J.H. Reinforced concrete design (4th 7: Geotechnical design. Part 1. General rules, BSI, London
edition). Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1990. 392 pp.
30 CONCRETE SOCIETY. Deflections in concrete slabs and beams,
12 REYNOLDS, C.E. & STEEDMAN, J.C. Reinforced concrete designer’s Technical Report 58, The Concrete Society, Camberley. 2005
handbook (10th edition). E&FN Spon, London, 1998. 448 pp.
31 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, PD 6687, Background paper
13 ALLEN, A.H. Reinforced concrete design to BS 8110 - simply explained. to the UK National Annex to BS EN 1992-1-1 and BS EN 1992-1-2, BSI,
E&FN Spon, London, 1988. 256 pp. London. 2006
14 THE CONCRETE SOCIETY. Post-tensioned concrete floors – Design 32 CONSTRUCT, National Structural Concrete Specification for building
Handbook, Technical Report No 43. The Concrete Society, construction (NSCS) Third Edition, 2004, Concrete Society,
Slough (now Crowthorne), 1994. 162 pp. Camberley
15 HIGGINS, J.B. & ROGERS, B.R. Designed and detailed (BS 8110:1997). 33 CONCRETE SOCIETY, Technical Report 43 Post-tensioned concrete
British Cement Association, Crowthorne, 1998. 28 pp. floors – Design Handbook, Second Edition, Concrete Society,
Camberley 2005
16 KHAN, S. & WILLIAMS, M. Post -tensioned concrete floors.
Butterworth Heinnemann, Oxford, 1995. 312 pp. 34 Brooker, O. How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2:-
Getting Started. The Concrete Centre, 2005
17 CEMENT AND CONCRETE ASSOCIATION. Basic data for the
prediction of shrinkage and creep. Training note TDH 2391. Cement 35 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION BS EN 1991-1: 2002 Eurocode1:
and Concrete Association (now British Cement Association), Slough Actions on structures - Part 1-1 General Actions - Densities, Self
(now Crowthorne), 11 pp. weight, imposed loads for Buildings, BSI, 2002, including UK national
Annex to BS EN 1991-1: 2002 Actions on Structures Part 1-1, BSI,
18 WYATT, T A. Design guide on the vibration of floors. Pub. No. 076, 2005
Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, 1989. 43 pp.
299
300
CCIP-008
Published July 2006
ISBN 1-904818-38-2
Price Group O
© The Concrete Centre
User Guide v1 published by the British Cement Association on behalf of the Reinforced Concrete Council.
User Guide v2 published electronically by The Concrete Centre.
CCIP publications are produced by The Concrete Society on behalf of the Cement and Concrete Industry
Publications Forum – an industry initiative to publish technical guidance in support of concrete design
and construction.
CCIP publications are available from the Concrete Bookshop at www.concretebookshop.com
Tel: +44 (0)7004 607777
All advice or information from The Concrete Centre is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of
its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting
from such advice or information is accepted by the Concrete Centre or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Readers should
note that The Concrete Centre publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in
possession of the latest version.
CCIP-008
CI/Sfb
UDC
624.04
CCIP-008
Published July 2006
ISBN 1-904818-38-2
Price Group O
© The Concrete Centre