Experiment # 142

To understand the kinematics of slider crank mechanism and draw displacement, velocity and
acceleration diagrams.

1. Problem statement:
The purpose of the slider crank mechanism is to convert the linear motion of the piston to the
rotational motion of the crankshaft.
The first aim of this experiment is to investigate and compare the theoretical kinematics
relationship between the displacement of the piston and the angle of the crankshaft with that
measured for a single slider engine. The other aim is to investigate the four-stroke cycle by
simultaneously observing the motion of piston and the valves.

2. Objectives:
The Slider-crank mechanism is used to transform rotational motion into translational motion
by means of a rotating driving beam, a connection rod and a sliding body. In the present example,
a flexible body is used for the connection rod.

3. Apparatus:
 Slider crank Mechanism
4. Theory:
Mechanism that has a very wide usage in machine design is the slider-crank mechanism. It is
mainly used to convert rotary motion to a reciprocating motion or vice versa. Below the slider-
crank mechanism is shown and the parameters that are used to define the angles and the link
lengths are given. As in the four-bar mechanism, the extended and folded dead centre positions
are when the crank and the coupler are collinear (coupler link is commonly called connecting
rod in slider-crank mechanisms). Full rotation of the crank is possible if the eccentricity, c, is less
than the difference between the connecting rod and the crank lengths and the crank length is less
than the connecting rod length.

5. Applications:

Different mechanism by fixing different link of slider crank chain are as follows:

i. First inversion

This inversion is obtained when link 1 (ground body) is fixed.

Application: Reciprocating engine, Reciprocating compressor etc.

ii. Second inversion

This inversion is obtained when link 2 (crank) is fixed.

Application: Whitworth quick return mechanism, Rotary engine, etc...

iii. Third inversion

This inversion is obtained when link 3 (connecting rod) is fixed.

Application: Slotted crank mechanism, Oscillatory engine etc.

iv. Fourth inversion

This inversion is obtained when link 4 (slider) is fixed.

Application: Hand pump, pendulum pump or Bull engine, etc.

6. Procedure:
 First, check the zero error in slider crank. There is no zero error in it.
 Set the plate at zero angle and note the position of the link at zero.
 Rotate the plate by adding 20-degree angle and note the position the linear slider in
inches.
 Then complete 360-degree by same manner and note the position of slider.
 Repeat this experiment 3 times and taking mean of this.
7. Observation and calculations:
Sr. Angle Displacement Displacement Displacement
displacement
# (Degree) S1(inches) S2(inches) S3(inches)
1 20 0.2 0.22 0.2 0.206
2 40 0.7 0.75 0.73 0.726
3 60 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
4 80 2.4 2.36 2.35 2.37
5 100 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
6 120 3.95 3.97 3.97 3.96
7 140 4.55 4.55 4.51 4.55
8 160 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9
9 180 5 5 5 5
10 200 4.85 4.88 4.89 4.87
11 220 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
12 240 3.9 3.93 3.94 3.92
13 260 3.1 3.15 3.15 3.13
14 280 2.25 2.28 2.26 2.26
15 300 1.45 1.42 1.4 1.42
16 320 0.65 0.68 0.66 0.66
17 340 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.17
18 360 0 0 0 0
8. Graphs:

Angle Displacement
(Degree) (Inches)
0 0
20 0.206
40 0.726
60 1.5
80 2.37
100 3.25
120 3.96
140 4.55
160 4.9
180 5
200 4.87
220 4.5
240 3.92
260 3.13
280 2.26
300 1.42
320 0.66
340 0.17
360 0

ϴ-d graph
6

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
v-d graph:

Displacement Velocity
20 0.026
40 0.0387
60 0.0435
80 0.044
100 0.0355
120 0.0295
140 0.0175
160 0.005
180 -0.0065
200 -0.0185
220 -0.029
240 -0.0395
260 -0.0435
280 -0.042
300 -0.038
320 -0.0245
340 -0.0085
360 0

v-d
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
a-d graph:
Displacement Acceleration
20 0.0013
40 0.000635
60 0.00024
80 2.5E-05
100 -0.00043
120 -0.0003
140 -0.0006
160 -0.00063
180 -0.00057
200 -0.0006
220 -0.00053
240 -0.00053
260 -0.0002
280 7.5E-05
300 0.0002
320 0.000675
340 0.0008
360 0.000425

a-d
0.0015

0.001

0.0005

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

-0.0005

-0.001

9. Results:
The kinematics motion of the slider crank mechanism can be expressed in terms of the lengths
of the crank and the conrod and the angular displacement of the crank shaft.

10.Comments:
By slider crank mechanism a rotary motion can be converted into linear motion. It is clear from
the graphs that the rotary motion is converted in to linear motion. From first graph which is
curved one that shows the rotary motion which is generally converted in linear motion which is
clear from second and third graphs.

11.References:
 http://ocw.metu.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/3961/mod_resource/content/6/ch
7/7-2.htm
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239357263_Dynamic_analy
sis_of_a_slider-
crank_mechanism_with_eccentric_connector_and_planetary_gears