Lesson 3:

Grammar explanation:

1) これ /　それ　/ あれ
Kore / sore / are

Kore refers to thing near the speaker

Sore refers to a thing near the listener
Are refers to a thing far from the speaker and the listener

2) このＮ　そのＮ　あのＮ

Kono , sono and ano modify nouns.

Kono N refers to a thing or a person near the speaker

Sono N refers to a thing or a person near the listener
Ano N refers to a thing or a person far from the
both the speaker and listener

3) ここ　/ そこ　/ あそこ

Koko / soko / asoko refer to a place

Koko is the place where the speaker is

Soko is the place where the listener is
Asoko is the place far from both the speaker and listener

4) N1 wa N2 (place ) desu.

Example:

トイレは　あそこ　です。

Toire wa asoko desu

Toilet is there
5) N1　は N2　です。

このほん　は　わたしの　です。
Kono hon wa watashi no desu.
This book is mine

あのかた　は　どなた　ですか。
Ano kata wa donata desu ka.
Who is that person?

そうです　/ そうではありません
Sou desu / Sou dewaarimasen

それは　ボールペン　ですか。
Sore wa Borupen desuka.
Is that a pen ?

はい、そうです。
Hai, sou desu
Yes, it is

6) それは　ボールペン　ですか。

Sore wa Borupen desuka

Is that a pen ?

いいえ、そうではありません。

Iie, sou dewaarimasen

No, it isn’t

7) The verb chigaimasu can be used to mean sou dewaarimasen.

それは　ボールペン　ですか。
Sore wa Borupen desuka
Is that a pen ?

いいえ、ちがいます。
Iie, chigaimasu.
No, it isn’t

8) desu ka …..desu ka
( S1 ka , S2 ka )
 This is a question asking the listener to choose
between alternatives, S1 and S2 for the answer. As an
answer to this type of question, the choosen sentence
is stated.Neither hai or iie is used.

9) N1 は　N2　ですか、 N3　ですか。

Example :

Kore wa ‘9’ desu ka, ‘7’ desu ka

Is this a ‘9’ or ‘7’ ?

Kore wa ‘9’ desu

It’s ‘9’

10) N1 no N2

N1 explains what N2 is about

Example :

これは　コンピュータの　ほん　です。

Kore wa konpyuuta no hon desu

This is a book of computers.

11) N1 no N2

N1 explains who owns N2

Example :

これは　わたしの　ほん　です。

Kore wa watashi no hon desu.

This is my book.

Example：
 このかばんは　あなたの　ですか。
Kono kaban wa anata no desu ka
Is this bag yours

いいえ、わたしの　ではありません。
Iie watashi no dewaarimasen
No, it’s not mine.

12) そう　ですか。
Sou desu ka

This expression is used when the speaker

receives new information and shows that
he or she understand it.

Example:

Kono tokei wa anata no desu ka.

Is this watch yours ?

Iie chigaimasu, Hafiz san no desu.

No, it’s Mr Hafiz’s.

Sou desu ka
I see.