1
In Finland now, everything is all right. Fifteen years after
one of the worst recessions any European country has
seen, triggered by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the
Finns feel very content. Their small country of a
population of 5 million is the first in the World Economic
Forum‘s list of the world‘s most competitive countries, and
the second in its business-competitiveness index. It is also
the first in the OECD‘s world ranking of educational
performance and has the second-highest share of
research-and-development spending in the European
Union. Moreover, the country is reversing its demographic
decline and, hence, its fertility rate is one of the highest in
Europe. Perhaps best of all the Finns are facing
globalization without paranoia. Theirs is one of the few
European countries to have succeeded in businesses in
which international prices are falling because of global
competition and technological change. In most of Europe
public opinion and even business élites seem gloomily
resigned to being overwhelmed by India and China.
Finland suggests that this fate is not inevitable.
1. We learn from the passage that, in addition to
Finland‘s recent economic success, ----..
A) it is also a popular tourist destination
B) it is resigned to being overwhelmed by India
C) it also ranks very high in education
D) it remains in a deep recession
E) its businesses are not globally competitive
2. It is clear from the passage that Finland‘s
previously weak economy ----..
A) was caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union
B) had no effect on the country‘s standing in the
World Economic Forum
C) caused the country to spend more on research and
development
D) improved dramatically fifteen years ago
E) became stronger after it began to reverse its
demographic decline
3. We understand from the passage that Finland‘s
population ----..
A) resents outside interference in its economy
B) is becoming one of the highest in Europe
C) is an extremely competitive one when it comes to
internal trade
D) is now increasing due to a higher birth rate
E) is not well-educated by European standards
4. We see from the passage that Finland‘s economy
----..
A) is by far the strongest in the world
B) remains unaffected by technological change
C) is still undergoing the effects of the fall of the
Soviet Union
D) has had a direct effect on its fertility rate
E) hasn‘t always been stable
Editors have two primary functions which sometimes
overlap finding / selecting manuscripts, then polishing
them for publication. Acquisitions editors perform the first
chore. The approach they adopt depends on several
factors. The idea for a college text, for example, usually
originates inside the publishing house; the acquisition
editor‘s job is then to choose a suitable author to produce
the manuscript. In a trade book division, on the other
hand, the acquisitions editor may be more passive,
carefully reading manuscripts and queries that are mailed
in, then recommending the best of these for development
as a book. In the former case, the acquisitions editor may
be knowledgeable in a given area (economics, perhaps, or
one of the sciences) while the second type might be more
of a generalist. Copyeditors, who whip the manuscript into
shape for the press, must possess a superb background in
English and bring to their work high standards of accuracy
and thoroughness along with a remarkable attention to
detail.
5. According to the passage, editors have two
primary functions ----..
A) one of which is to write publicity announcements
about the books which will be published
B) the most crucial of them to prepare manuscripts for
publication
C) which occasionally merge into each other
D) both of which are related to the selection of books
to be published
E) which few publishers can fulfil
6. We learn from the passage that a college text -
---..
A) usually has its starting point in a lecturer‘s notes
B) is always assigned to an author by copyeditors
C) can only be edited by the original author
D) is harder to edit than a trade book
E) often has its origin in an editor‘s office
7. It is clear from the passage that, the queries and
manuscripts sent to an editor‘s office ----..
A) are meticulously examined with a view to making
books
B) are rarely of any interest to the editorial staff
C) will almost always result in a publication
D) seldom receive the attention they deserve
E) are of vital importance in the search for a suitable
writer for a given text
8. We understand from the passage that an
acquisitions editor, working on college texts, will
probably ----..
A) have far better skills and qualifications than
copyeditors
B) have started his career in one of the branches of the
media
C) have taken courses in marketing and advertising
D) aim to go on to promote sales
E) have a specialized knowledge of one or more fields
 Life on a submarine may, to many people,
soundfascinating. However, it is, in fact, horribly
boring.Except for the commanding officers, a day aboard
asubmarine consists of six hours on duty, six hoursoff, day
after day, for months. This being the case, every effort is
made to ensure that the lives of themen are as pleasant
as possible. The meals areexceptionally good, and there is
a daily film, shown ata specific time, on television around
the submarine.In return, the crew is always expected to
performperfectly all the time. A mistake is quite
unforgivable.In fact, a favourite saying is “There’s room
foreverything on a submarine except for a mistake”.
9. We learn from the passage that, contrary to
whata lot of people expect, ----..
A) life on a submarine is extremely rewarding for the
crew
B) submarines have every imaginable facility for
entertaining the crew
C) boredom is a major problem for the crew of a
submarine
D) there is comparatively little work to be done on a
submarine
E) the officers on a submarine share the same duties
as the other members of the crew
10. The writer of the passage emphasises that, on
asubmarine, ----..
A) there is every opportunity for officers to have a
pleasant life
B) every member of the crew helps to prepare the
meals
C) everyone works six hours a day
D) life never gets boring for the crew
E) everything is to be done faultlessly
11. It is clear from the passage that it is
almostimpossible ----..
A) to make life aboard a submarine fully fascinating
B) for officers to establish a friendship with other
members of the crew
C) for everyone to be aware of night and day
D) for the commanding officers to make a mistake
E) for any member of the crew to be on duty more
than six hours
For most people, being a member of a large family
issometimes hard. Usually there isn’t enough money,
soeveryone has to do without various things. There are,
however, certain advantages; in fact, there areprobably
more advantages than disadvantages. Theother day I saw
a family setting off on a day out. Theparents, who looked
remarkably young themselves, were carrying various
bags. The biggest child, whowas perhaps fifteen, carried a
football. His sister, perhaps two years younger, carried
what looked likethe family lunch. The four smaller children
also hadthings to carry. The youngest of them carried a
toybear that was almost as big as herself. The family
werecatching a bus and looked so contented. I wished
Icould have gone with them wherever they were going.
12. It is clear from the passage that the
familydescribed here ----..
A) isn’t used to going out for the day like this
B) very rarely has a day out together
C) seldom takes a bus at weekends
D) is clearly a very rich one
E) knows how to share its duties
13. We understand from the passage that,
althoughthese parents have six children, ----..
A) they spend very little time with them
B) they don’t really seem to care about them
C) they are reluctant to spend much money on them
D) it seems that life has not aged them
E) it is the four smaller ones that they are most fond
of
14. From the passage we can conclude that
thenarrator ----..
A) himself comes from a large family
B) is very critical of large families
C) is more interested in the parents than in the
children
D) feels sorry because the children have all got things
to carry
E) seems to favour large families
 Mrs Gaskell was a nineteenth-century Englishnovelist. She
wrote social novels, the most famous ofwhich were Mary
Barton and North and South. Thefirst, which is set in
Manchester, an industrial city inthe north of England,
vividly describes the terribleconditions of the working
class, which she knew atfirst hand. It is a powerful novel
that made aconsiderable impression upon readers in
nineteenthcenturyEngland. The other novel, North and
South, contrasts two regions of England, through its
heroineMargaret Hale, who leaves southern England to
livein the industrial north. Both these novels present
abalanced view of social problems in this period ofEnglish
history.
15. As it is pointed out in the passage, both in
MaryBarton and in North and South, Mrs Gaskell
----..
A) is mainly concerned with the conditions of working
life in the industrial north of England
B) tells the tragic story of a young country girl called
Margaret Hale
C) compares the working conditions of men and
women in southern England
D) failed to capture the interest of readers in her time
E) shows how the conditions of the English working
class were improving in the nineteenth century
16. We understand from the passage that
themanner, in which Mrs Gaskell approached
theworking conditions of her time, ----..
A) is generally regarded now as being unfair
B) was disliked by her readers
C) was more critical in Mary Barton than in North and
South
D) was not one-sided
E) was not based on fact
17. We learn from the passage that Mrs Gaskell
usesthe story of Margaret Hale to ----..
A) show how the living conditions in the north were far
better than those in the south
B) illustrate the differences between the north and
south of England
C) draw attention to the special problems of young
women in nineteenth-century England
D) tell the story of her own life in Manchester
E) stress that there were good working opportunities
for the young in the north of England
John Steinbeck grew up in California and went touniversity
there, and studied marine biology. Heworked at various
jobs before he rose to fame in the1930s with his novels
about farm workers. In hisnovels, his approach is realistic
and he shows agreat deal of sympathy for his characters
who aremostly poor and oppressed. We see this in
TheGrapes of Wrath, which is one of his best-
knownnovels, and has been made into a film and
alsostaged in the theatre.
18. We learn from the passage that Steinbeck ----..
A) was primarily concerned in his writings with the
problems American society was facing in the 1930s
B) wrote only one major novel, which is The Grapes of
Wrath
C) used California as the setting for all his works
D) wrote almost all of his major works during the
1930s
E) was originally trained as a scientist, but he turned
to literature
19. We understand from the passage that the
peopleSteinbeck describes in his novels ----..
A) usually have a background of economic and social
hardships
B) do not really represent the agricultural community
of California
C) work in a wide variety of jobs in California
D) are on the whole content with the kind of life they
have
E) fail to arouse the reader’s sympathy
20. It is clear from the passage that
Steinbeck’sfamous novel, The Grapes of Wrath, -
---..
A) was, much to the surprise of Steinbeck himself, an
immediate success
B) was only popular as a book and as a film, during
the 1930s
C) was adapted for the stage, but enjoyed little
success in the theatre
D) has appealed not only to the general reader, but
also to film and stage directors
E) has had a lasting effect on its readers, though it is
the least realistic
 Reading on paper is so much a part of our lives thatit is
hard to imagine anything could ever replace theprinted
books we are used to. Before printed bookscame in, books
had to be copied by hand; this wasobviously a slow
process and very expensive. OnceGutenberg had invented
an economical way to makemovable letters in the 15th
century, it becamepossible to produce reading material
quickly, comparatively cheaply and in large quantities.
Sincethen, the printed word has become a permanent
partof our everyday lives. So, how could anyone
believethat sales of electronic books will equal those
ofpaper books within a decade or so? Still, somepeople
think that they will.
21. The passage puts forward the idea that,
eventhough the printed book continues to be
popular, ----..
A) it will soon be completely replaced by the
electronic book
B) the electronic book may well be on its way in
C) it is no longer as popular as it used to be
D) fewer books are being sold than formerly
E) compared with the electronic book, it is very
expensive
22. In this passage, the author suggests that, in
spiteof technological advances, some people ----..
A) are dissatisfied at the rising prices of printed books
B) still regard Gutenberg as the leading figure in book
technology
C) will be reluctant to give up the printed book and
turn to the electronic one
D) find it difficult to buy the kind of book they are
looking for
E) realise that books published in our time are not as
well-made as those in the past
23. It is clear from the passage that
Gutenberg’sinvention of the printing press ----..
A) was the only major technological advance in the
15th century
B) did not have any noticeable effect upon the prices
of books
C) did not put an end to the practice of copying books
by hand
D) failed to spread the love of reading among ordinary
people
E) increased the speed at which books could be
produced
New Guinea is home to some of the world’s
strangestcreatures. For instance, there is a special species
ofkangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizardsthat
are five metres long, and butterflies that are asbig as
dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardlyany larger
than the state of Texas, but it has as manybird species as
are to be found, for example, in thewhole of North
America. This is partly due to the factthat it has largely
remained isolated from the rest ofthe world. But it is also
due to the fact that it has anincredible variety of
ecological features, ranging fromtropical rain forests to
glaciers.
24. We learn from the passage that New Guinea ----..
A) has actually fewer bird species than it formerly had
B) is in many respects very similar to Texas
C) owes its characteristic physical features to glaciers
D) is an island with a remarkable range of climatic
features
E) is gradually increasing its contacts with North
America
25. According to the passage, kangaroos that live
intrees ----..
A) are very commonly to be seen in rain forests
everywhere
B) are only on the increase in New Guinea
C) are just one example of the odd creatures to be
found in New Guinea
D) are a threat to the bird population of New Guinea
E) are considerably smaller than the average
kangaroo
26. The writer points out that one of the reasons
whythere are very many different kinds of birds
inNew Guinea is ----..
A) that the climatic conditions of the island are
suitable for rain forests
B) the fact that many migrate there for the winter
from North America
C) that the island is a protected environment, and new
species are constantly being taken there
D) that this island has mostly been cut off from the
rest of the world
E) the fact that there is very little else of interest
regarding wildlife
 The origins of biography are to be found in earlylegendary
accounts of the Greek, Germanic andCeltic heroes.
Another early type of biography is therecords of the
teaching and deeds of wise men. Theaccounts of the life
and teaching of Socrates givenby Plato and Xenophon
may be regarded as adevelopment of this kind of record.
The interest of theSocratic dialogues of Plato is
philosophic rather thanbiographical, but the Memorabilia
of Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern sense
of theword, comprises a series of sketches of the
greatphilosopher with intimacy and vividness. The
firstEuropean author, remembered primarily as
abiographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher wholived
under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives ofancient
Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers isone of the
most fascinating works of antiquity andinfluential in the
European biographical tradition.Moreover, he seems to
have been the first author todistinguish sharply between
biography and history.
When you pick up something that is very hot youusually
drop it immediately. You do not have to thinkabout it and
decide to drop it. You just drop it.However, you do have to
think about some actions.For example, you might decide
to walk to schoolinstead of taking the bus. You think about
it anddecide to do it. Actions like this, that you choose
tomake, are called ‘voluntary actions’. But actions
thatyou make without having to think about them, suchas
dropping a hot object, are called ‘involuntary’ or‘reflex
actions’.
30. The passage concentrates on ----..
A) what one should do in a dangerous situation
B) the fact that human beings seldom react instantly
when they face danger

C) two main groups of human action

27. It is pointed out in the passage that the first D) different reactions to hot objects
trueexample of biography in the modern sense is
tobe found in ----.. E) decision-making

A) the stories of Greek and other heroes 31. According to the passage, by ‘involuntary
action’is meant an action ----..
B) Xenophon’s Memorabilia
A) which follows a long process of thinking
C) ancient legends
B) that doesn’t take place fairly quickly
D) Plato’s dialogues
C) which is the result of a choice made
E) Plutarch’s Parallel Lives
D) in which no thinking at all is involved
28. According to the passage, Plato’s account
ofSocrates, unlike the one given by Xenophon, - E) that is immediately followed by a series of other
---.. actions

A) is very critical of the great philosopher 32. According to the passage, if one thinks
aboutsomething and comes to a decision about
B) puts the emphasis on the philosophy of Socrates whatto do, ----..

C) is full of fascinating details about the life of

A) the action that results is called a ‘voluntary action’
Socrates
B) this is what is often called a ‘reflex action’
D) was the model for Plutarch when he wrote his
Parallel Lives
C) this means one’s reflex actions are strong
E) is commonly regarded as the first important
D) one is not likely to change one’s mind
example of biographical writing
E) the likelihood is that a wrong action is almost
29. We understand from the passage that, in impossible
hisParallel Lives, Plutarch ----..

A) is primarily concerned with the portrayal of people

themselves, but not the events of their times

B) concentrates on life and society in ancient Rome

C) gives priority to statesmen rather than to soldiers

D) includes his own philosophy of life in his accounts

of the lives of others

E) compares the Greek and Roman attitudes towards

politics and military affairs
 Like nearly all the peoples of the ancient world, the
Romans took slavery for granted. Nothing in Rome‘s
earlier experience had prepared it, however, for the huge
increase in slave numbers that resulted from its western
and eastern conquests. In 146 B.C., fifty-five thousand
Carthaginians were enslaved after the destruction of their
city; not long before, one hundred and fifty thousand
Greek prisoners of war had met the same fate. By the end
of the second century B.C., there were a million slaves in
Italy alone, making Roman Italy one of the most slave-
based economies known to history. The majority of these
slaves worked as agricultural labourers on the vast
estates of the Roman aristocracy. Some of these estates
were the result of earlier Roman conquests within Italy
itself. But others were constructed by aristocrats buying
up the land holdings of thousands of small farmers who
found themselves unable to compete with the great
estate-owners in producing grain for the market.
33. It is suggested in the passage that, in their view
of slavery, the Romans ----..
A) attached a great deal of importance to the military
value of slaves
B) had largely been inspired by the Greeks and some
eastern peoples
C) were not so sophisticated as the other peoples of
the ancient world
D) began to follow a different policy only after they
had enslaved the Carthaginians
E) did not differ much from other ancient peoples
34. It is implied in the passage that the early
Romans ----..
A) had no notion of slavery and knew nothing about it
B) were not interested in farming and, therefore,
imported their grain
C) were so opposed to aristocrats that they protected
small farmers against them
D) had one political goal: to conquer all the other
peoples east and west
E) had always been on friendly terms with all the
peoples of the ancient world
35. It is clear from the passage that, when the
Romans began to extend their conquests, ----..
A) they were seriously resisted by the Greeks, who
had no fear of them
B) their immediate aim was to conquer and enslave
the Carthaginians
C) it led to an enormous increase in the number of
slaves
D) they depended heavily on slaves for their military
campaigns
E) it greatly pleased the Roman aristocracy, since
they were able to own new estates
The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not
aparticularly interesting or satisfying one. They
simplyhave to check the tickets of passengers, and
taketheir luggage. The work is mechanical, repetitive
andvery tiring. The only variation in the routine
occurswhen things go wrong –when flights are delayed
orwhen they are cancelled due to such things as
badweather, strikes or technical problems. Then thecheck-
in clerks are in the unfortunate position ofhaving to face
the angry passengers though the faultis not theirs and
they can do nothing to put thingsright.
36. We understand from the passage that the work
acheck-in clerk does ----..
A) is always greatly appreciated by the passengers
B) varies greatly from day to day which makes it more
enjoyable
C) requires a great deal of skill and creativity
D) involves very little contact with passengers
E) is both tedious and exhausting
37. According to the passage, a number of
reasonsmay lead to ----..
A) passengers wishing to change the dates of their
flights
B) a strike among the check-in clerks
C) the postponement or cancellation of flights
D) the loss of the luggage of passengers
E) overcrowding at airports
38. It is pointed out in the passage that when
seriousproblems affecting flights arise at
airports, ----..
A) passengers usually wait patiently for the situation
to improve
B) it is the check-in clerks who encounter the
protesting passengers
C) passengers are immediately notified by check-in
clerks
D) it is the primary responsibility of check-in clerks to
solve them
E) check-in clerks are required to explain, in detail,
what has caused them
 René Descartes, the French mathematician, scientist, and
philosopher, is called “the father of modernphilosophy”.
This is due to the fact that he was one ofthe first to
abandon scholastic Aristotelianism. Heformulated the first
modern version of mind-bodydualism, and promoted the
development of a newscience grounded in observation
and experiment. Hebelieved that commonly accepted
knowledge wasdoubtful because of the subjective nature
of thesenses. He also believed that the entire
universecould be explained in terms of mathematical
physics.Furthermore, he developed a metaphysical
dualismthat distinguishes radically between mind,
theessence of which is thinking, and matter, the essenceof
which is extension in three dimensions.
39. According to Descartes, the subjective nature
ofthe senses ----..
A) was the main source of scientific knowledge
B) made commonly accepted knowledge doubtful
C) had to be grounded in observation
D) could not be wrong
E) constituted the basis of mathematics and
philosophy
40. According to the text, since Descartes was
thefirst to abandon scholastic Aristotelianism,
hewas ----..
A) a philosopher believing in the importance of
subjectivity
B) a renowned mathematician
C) the father of modern philosophy
D) a strong supporter of commonly accepted
knowledge
E) also the first to reject mind-body dualism
41. In Descartes’ metaphysical dualism, ----..
A) observation and experiment should be
distinguished
B) the essence of matter is thinking
C) the universe can be explained in metaphysical
terms
D) the mind extends in three dimensions
E) there is a strong distinction between mind and
matter
The euro was launched on January 1, 1999, replacing the
precursor ecu at a 1:1 value. Until thecirculation of
currency notes and coins in 2002, theeuro was used only
by financial markets and certainbusinesses. Many
financial experts predicted that theeuro could eventually
rival the dollar as aninternational currency. Unlike most of
the nationalcurrencies that they replaced, euro banknotes
do notdisplay famous national figures. The seven
colourfulbills, designed by Austrian artist Robert Kalina
andranging in denomination from €5 to €500,
symbolizethe unity of Europe and feature a map of
Europe, theEU’s flag, and arches, bridges, gateways,
andwindows. The eight euro coins range indenominations
from one cent to two euros. The coinsfeature one side
with a common design; the reversesides' designs differ in
each of the individualparticipating countries.
42. It can be understood from the passage that
theeuro coins ----..
A) have a denomination range of five euros
B) were designed by Austrian artist Robert Kalina
C) have the same designs on both sides in each
individual participating country
D) are available in eight different denominations
E) symbolize the economic unity of the European
Union with their designs
43. According to the text, the ecu ----..
A) was used until the euro was put into circulation
B) was lower than the euro in value
C) had to be replaced by the euro because it had lost
value
D) was a strong rival of the dollar
E) was used between 1999 and 2002
44. The euro is different from the national
currenciesit replaced ----..
A) with its higher value against the dollar
B) with the designs of its banknotes
C) because it replaced the ecu as well
D) because it has the widest denomination range ever
E) since it was only used by financial markets and
certain businesses
 After the release of his film Titanic in 1997, DirectorJames
Cameron announced that the next movie hewould make
would be Avatar. It took him years toproduce the film as it
had an astronomical budgetthat approached 400 million
dollars. In the film, Jakeand his team go to Pandora, a
jungle-covered moon, searching for valuable minerals.
Since humans areunable to breathe on Pandora, human
avatars arecreated out of them. There, the Avatars meet
theNa’vi, a humanoid race, with sparkling blue skin,
andcapabilities that are far greater than those of
normalhumans. A war breaks out between the Na’vi and
theAvatars. Meanwhile, Jake falls in love with a Na’vi, and
is forced to choose between the Avatars and hisNa’vi love.
45. It is clear from the passage that Director
JamesCameron ----..
A) had not made any important films before Avatar
B) spent a long time and a lot of money to make
Avatar
C) played the role of Jake in his own film
D) preferred his Titanic to his last film, Avatar
E) plans to make another expensive film in the near
future
46. We understand from the passage that
humanavatars are created ----..
A) because the atmosphere of Pandora does not allow
humans to live there
B) to persuade the Na’vi to make peace
C) to cooperate with the Na’vi both militarily and
technically
D) so that the film can have a romantic theme
E) with the help of valuable minerals
47. It is pointed out in the passage that the
humanoidrace, the Na’vi, ----..
A) are ultimately able to drive the Avatars out of
Pandora
B) have been living on Pandora as small communities
C) have physical features not different from those of
human beings
D) are superior to human beings in many respects
E) have received Jake and his team with utmost
hospitality
Crows are black birds, and they are very ugly. Butthey are
also very clever. Or perhaps, since theyhave extremely
long lives, they have time in which tocollect a great deal
of information. For instance, theyhave developed an
excellent method of gettingwalnuts out of their shells. The
first stage was to dropthem from a height. If they fell on a
soft surface theydidn’t break; if they fell on a hard surface
like a road, they often did. If they didn’t, however, passing
carswould crush the walnuts. But one problem remained.It
is difficult for a crow to eat crushed walnuts when alot of
cars are passing. In the end, this problem, too, was
solved. They started to drop the walnuts justahead of the
traffic lights.
48. From the passage, we learn ----..
A) all about the life-style of the crow
B) why the crow lives longer than most other birds
C) how the crow manages to eat the soft, inside part
of the walnut
D) how the crow’s habits are a threat to the driver
E) why birds are often described as “brainless”
49. According to the passage, crows ----..
A) have developed various ingenious ways to break
walnuts
B) are a major threat to safety on roads
C) are mostly killed by passing cars while they are
feeding
D) avoid eating walnuts even though they are crushed
by cars
E) are generally attracted by the traffic lights because
of their colours
50. The passage suggests that the long natural
lifespanof the crow ----..
A) is the result of its healthy eating habits
B) is necessary since so many are killed on the roads
C) is important because it enables them to collect and
test a lot of facts
D) gives them an advantage over other birds
E) has never been proved
SORU CEVAP SORU CEVAP

1 C 41 E

2 A 42 D

3 D 43 A

4 E 44 B

5 C 45 B

6 E 46 A

7 A 47 D

8 E 48 C

9 C 49 A

10 E 50 C

11 A

12 E

13 D

14 E

15 A

16 D

17 B

18 E

19 A

20 D

21 B

22 C

23 E

24 D

25 C

26 D

27 E

28 B

29 A

30 C

31 D

32 A

33 E

34 A

35 C

36 E

37 C

38 B

39 B

40 C