Tutorial 2

Problem 1
A PMMC instrument with a 300-turn coil has
a 0.15 T magnetic flux density in its air gaps.
The coil dimensions are D = 1.25 cm and l = 2
cm.
Calculate the torque when the coil current is
500 µA.

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 Solution
Given:
N= 300,
B = 0.15 T
L = 2 x 10-2 m
D= 1.25 x 10-2 m
I = 500x10-6 A
Torque:
τ=BxAxIxN=BxlxDxIxN
= 0.15 T x 2x10-2m x 1.25x10-2m x 500 x 10-6 A x 300
=5.625 μNm
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 Problem 2
A PMMC instrument has a 0.12 T magnetic
flux density in its air gaps.
The coil dimensions are D = 1.5 cm and l =
2.25 cm.
Determine the number of coil turns required
to give a torque of 4.5 µNm when the coil
current is 100 µA.

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 Solution
B = 0.12 T
I = 100x10-6 A
l = 0.0225 m
D = 0.015 m
τ = 4.5 x 10-6 Nm
τ = BAIN = BlDIN
N = τ /BlDI = 4.5x10-6 Nm /(0.12T x 0.0225 m x
0.015 m x 100 x 10-6 A) = 1111
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 Problem 3
A PMMC instrument with a 750 Ω coil
resistance gives FSD with a 500 µA coil
current. Determine the required shunt
resistance to convert the instrument into a dc
ammeter with an FSD of
(a) 50 mA
(b) 30 mA.

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 Solution
Rm
Im Rm = 750Ω , Ifsd = 500 μA
(a) 50 mA ranges,
Rsh1 Vm = ImRm = IfsdRm = 500μA x 750Ω
= 375 x 10-3 V
Ish1= I – Im = I – Ifsd = 50mA - 500μA
Rsh2 = 49.5 x 10-3 A
Vm 375 × 10−3V
Rsh1 = = −3
= 7.576Ω
I sh1 49.5 × 10 A
I

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 Solution
(b) 30 mA ranges,
Ish2= I – Im = I – Ifsd = 30mA - 500μA
= 29.5 x 10-3 A

Vm 375 × 10−3V
Rsh 2 = = −3
= 12.712Ω
I sh 2 29.5 × 10 A

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 Problem 4
A dc ammeter is constructed of a 133.33 Ω
resistance in parallel with a PMMC
instrument. If the instrument has a 1.2 kΩ coil
resistance and 30 µA FSD, determine the
measured current at FSD, 0.5 FSD and 0.33
FSD.

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Solution

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 Problem 5
A dc ammeter consists of an Ayrton shunt in
parallel with a PMMC instrument that has a
1.2 kΩ coil resistance and 100 µA FSD. The
Ayrton shunt is made up of four 0.1 Ω series-
connected resistors. Calculate the ammeter
range at each setting of the shunt.

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Solution

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 Problem 6
A 12 V source supplies 25 A to a load.
Calculate the load current that would be
measured when using an ammeter with a
resistance of (a) 0.12 Ω (b) 0.52 Ω (c) 0.002
Ω

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Solution

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 Problem 7
A PMMC instrument with a 900 Ω coil
resistance and an FSD of 75 µA is to be used
as a dc voltmeter. Calculate the individual
multiplier resistance to give an FSD of (a) 100
V (b) 30 V (c) 5 V. Also, determine the
voltmeter sensitivity.

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Solution

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 Problem 8
A PMMC instrument with Rm = 1.3 kΩ and
FSD = 500 µA is used in a multirange dc
voltmeter.
The series-connected multiplier resistors are
R1 = 38.7 kΩ, R2 = 40 kΩ and R3 = 40 kΩ.
Calculate the three voltage ranges and
determine the voltmeter sensitivity.

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Solution

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 Problem 9
Two resistors, R1 = 47 kΩ and R2 = 82 kΩ, are
connected in series across a 15 V supply.
A voltmeter on a 10 V range is connected to
measure the voltage across R2.
The voltmeter sensitivity is 10 kΩ/V.
Calculate VR2
(a) with the voltmeter connected
(b) with the voltmeter disconnected.
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Solution

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 Problem 10
A 100 kΩ potentiometer and a 33 kΩ resistor
are connected in series across a 9 V supply.
Calculate the maximum voltage that can be
measured across the potentiometer using a
voltmeter with
(a) a 20 kΩ/V sensitivity and a 15 V range
(b) a 100 kΩ/V sensitivity and a 10 V range.

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Solution

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 Problem 11
A series ohmmeter is made up of the following
components: supply voltage Eb = 3 V, series resistor
R1 = 30 kΩ, meter shunt resistor R2 = 50 Ω, meter
FSD = 50 µA, and meter resistance Rm = 50 Ω.
Determine the resistance measured at
(a) 0.25 FSD
(b) 0.5 FSD
(c) 0.75 FSD
(d) FSD.

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Solution

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 Problem 12
A series ohmmeter that has a standard internal
resistance of R1 = 50 kΩ uses a meter with
FSD = 75 µA ad Rm = 100 Ω. The meter
shunt resistance is R2 = 300 Ω and the battery
voltage Eb = 5 V. Determine the resistance
measured at (a) 0.25 FSD (b) 0.5 FSD (c) 0.75
FSD (d) FSD.

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Solution

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 Problem 13
For the ohmmeter circuit in Problem 12,
determine the new resistance to which R2
must be adjusted when Eb falls to 2.5 V.
Also, determine the new resistances measured
at
(a) 0.5 FSD
(b) 0.75 FSD.

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Solution

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