Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
BEE 2123
P1
A PMMC instrument with a 300-turn coil has a 0.15 T magnetic flux density in its air gaps. The coil
dimensions are D = 1.25 cm and l = 2 cm. Calculate the torque when the coil current is 500 µA.
P2
A PMMC instrument has a 0.12 T magnetic flux density in its air gaps. The coil dimensions are D = 1.5
cm and l = 2.25 cm. Determine the number of coil turns required to give a torque of 4.5 µNm when the
coil current is 100 µA.
P3
A PMMC instrument with a 750 Ω coil resistance gives FSD with a 500 µA coil current. Determine the
required shunt resistance to convert the instrument into a dc ammeter with an FSD of (a) 50 mA (b) 30
mA.
Rm
Im
Rs1
Rs2
(a) 50 mA ranges, Vm = Im Rm
= 500µ A x 750Ω
= 375 x 10-3 V
Is = I – Im
= 50mA - 500µ A
= 49.5 x 10-3 A
Vm 375 x 10-3 V
Rs1 = --------- = ----------------
I – Im 49.5 x 10-3 A
= 7.576 Ω
1
(b) 30 mA ranges,
Is = I – Im
= 30mA - 500µ A
= 29.5 x 10-3 A
Vm 375 x 10-3 V
Rs2 = --------- = ----------------
I – Im 29.5 x 10-3 A
= 12.712 Ω
P4
Rs
Is
Then, Vm 30 µ A x 1.2 kΩ
Is = ------ = ----------------- = 270 µ A
Rs 133.33 Ω
Then, Vm 30 µ A x 1.2 kΩ
Is = ------ = ----------------- = 135 µ A
Rs 133.33 Ω
Then, Vm 10 µ A x 1.2 kΩ
Is = ------ = ----------------- = 90.02 µ A
Rs 133.33 Ω
2
Ranges (sum current) I = Im + Is = 10 µ A + 90.02 µ A = 100 µ A
P5
A dc ammeter consists of an Ayrton shunt in parallel with a PMMC instrument that has a 1.2 kΩ coil
resistance and 100 µA FSD. The Ayrton shunt is made up of four 0.1 Ω series-connected resistors.
Calculate the ammeter range at each setting of the shunt.
Rm
Im
b c
a d
I
100 µ A x 1.2 kΩ
Is = ---------------------- =
Rs1 +Rs2 + Rs3+ Rs4
100 µ A x 1.2 kΩ
= ---------------------------- = 0.3A
0.4Ω
100 µ A x 1.2 kΩ
= ---------------------------- = 0.4A
0.3Ω
3
sum I = I s + Im = 400mA + 0.1mA = 400.1 mA
100 µ A x 1200.2 Ω
= ---------------------------- = 600.1mA
0.2Ω
100 µ A x 1200.3 Ω
= ---------------------------- = 1200.3mA
0.1Ω
P6
A 12V source supplies 25A to a load. Calculate the load current that would be measured when using an
ammeter with a resistance of (a) 0.12 Ω (b) 0.52 Ω (c) 0.002 Ω .
IL = 25A
RL = 12V/25A
= 0.48Ω
E=12V RL
4
(a) IL Rm=0.12Ω
IL = 12/(0.12 + 0.48)
E=12V RL
= 20A
(b) IL Rm=0.52Ω
IL = 12/(0.52 + 0.48)
E=12V RL
= 12A
(c) IL Rm=0.002Ω
IL = 12/(0.002 + 0.48)
E=12V RL
= 24.9A
P7
A PMMC instrument with a 900 Ω coil resistance and an FSD of 75 µA is to be used as a dc voltmeter.
Calculate the individual multiplier resistance to give an FSD of (a) 100 V (b) 30 V (c) 5 V. Also,
determine the voltmeter sensitivity.
Rm = 900Ω , Im =75 µ A
Rs Im= 75 µ A
(a) Im ( Rm + Rs ) = 100V
5
Rs = 100/75µ A - 900Ω
= 1.33 MΩ
(b) Im ( Rm + Rs ) = 30V
Rs = 30/75µ A - 900Ω
= 399 kΩ
(c) Im ( Rm + Rs ) = 5V
Rs = 5/75µ A - 900Ω
= 65.77 kΩ
P8
A PMMC instrument with Rm = 1.3 kΩ and FSD = 500 µA is used in a multirange dc voltmeter. The
series-connected multiplier resistors are R1 = 38.7 kΩ , R2 = 40 kΩ and R3 = 40 kΩ . Calculate the three
voltage ranges and determine the voltmeter sensitivity.
R1 R2 R3 Rm
B C
A
Im
(a ) at point A, V = Im ( R1 + R2 + R3 + Rm)
= 60 V
(b ) at point B, V = Im ( R2 + R3 + Rm)
6
= 40.65 V
= 20.65 V
P9
E=15V Rv=100kΩ
Rv V R2 = 82kΩ
= 45.05 kΩ
= 82 kΩ / (45.05 kΩ + 47 kΩ ) x 15 V
= 13.36 V
Voltage at R2,
R1=47kΩ
E = 15V R2 82 kΩ
----------- V = -------------- x 15V
R1 + R2 47kΩ +82kΩ
= 82/129 x 15V
R2 = 82kΩ
= 9.53V
7
P10
A 100 kΩ potentiometer and a 33 kΩ resistor are connected in series across a 9 V supply. Calculate the
maximum voltage that can be measured across the potentiometer using a voltmeter with (a) a 20 kΩ /V
sensitivity and a 15 V range (b) a 100 kΩ /V sensitivity and a 10 V range.
V Rv
R1=100kΩ R2=33 kΩ
E= 9V
P11
A series ohmmeter is made up of the following components: supply voltage Eb = 3 V, series resistor R1 =
30 kΩ , meter shunt resistor R2 = 50 Ω , meter FSD = 50 µA, and meter resistance Rm = 50 Ω . Determine
the resistance measured at (a) 0.25 FSD (b) 0.5 FSD (c) 0.75 FSD (d) FSD.
Rx
R1=30kΩ
Ib
Eb=3V R2=50Ω Rm=50Ω
8
I2 Im=50µ A
But, Ib = Im + I2
And I2 = ImRm/R2
=50µ Ax 50Ω /50Ω
=50µ A
Then Ib = 50µ A+50µ A = 100µ A
P12
9
A series ohmmeter that has a standard internal resistance of R1 = 50 kΩ uses a meter with FSD = 75 µA
and Rm = 100 Ω . The meter shunt resistance is R2 = 300 Ω and the battery voltage Eb = 5 V. Determine
the resistance measured at (a) 0.25 FSD (b) 0.5 FSD (c) 0.75 FSD (d) FSD.
Rx
R1=50 kΩ ,
Ib
Eb=5V R2=300Ω Rm=100Ω
I2 Im=75µ A
10
So, Rx = 5V/100µ A-50kΩ = 0Ω
P13
For the ohmmeter circuit in Problem 1, determine the new resistance to which R2 must be adjusted when
Eb falls to 2.5 V. Also, determine the new resistances measured at (a) 0.5 FSD (b) 0.75 FSD.
Rx
R1=30kΩ
Ib
Eb=2.5V R2 Rm=50Ω
I2 Im=50µ A
But, Ib = Im + I2
I2 = ImRm/R2
=25µ A x50Ω /75Ω
=16.67µ A
Then Ib = 25µ A +16.67µ A = 41.6µ A
But, Ib = Im + I2
I2 = ImRm/R2
=37.5µ A x50Ω /75Ω
=25µ A
Then Ib = 37.5µ A +25µ A = 62.5µ A
11