Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs

001 .Secretory products of pancreatic β-cells are:

a )Glucagon, proglucagon
b )Insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)
c )Somatostatin
d )Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)

002 .Insulin is:

a )A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000
b )A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage
c )A fructoolygosaccharide
d )A catecholamine

003 .Insulin is a polypeptide hence:

a )It is resistant to destruction by gastric juice
b )It is destroyed by gastric juice
c )It is not a polypeptide
d )It is metabolized immediately by cellular enzymes

004 .Bovine insulin is less antigenic than porcine .This consideration is:
a )True
b )False

005 .Insulin causes reduction in blood sugar level by the following mechanisms, EXCEPT:
a )Increased glucose uptake in the peripheral tissue
b )Reduction of breakdown of glycogen
c )Diminished gluconeogenesis
d )Decreased glucose absorption from the gut

006 .Which of the following is true for glucagon?

a )Stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver
b )Stimulates the secretion of insulin by beta cells
c) Inhibits glucose utilization by skeletal muscle
d )Inhibits uptake of aminoacids by cells.

007 .Insulin cannot be administered by:

a )Oral route
b )Intravenous route
c )Subcutaneous route
d )Intramuscular route.

008 .Sources of human insulin production are:

a )Recombinant DNA techniques by inserting the proinsulin gene into E .coli or yeast
b )Postmortem insulin extraction from human autopsy pancreas
c )All of the above
d )None of the above

009 .The primary reason for a physician to prescribe human insulin is that:
a )It has a faster onset of action than other insulins
b )It has a shorter duration of action than other insulins
c )It can be given to patients who have an allergy to animal insulins
d )It is more effective in preventing the complications of diabetes than animal insulins

010 .Correct statements about crystalline zinc (regular )insulin include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a )It can serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes
b )It can be administered intravenously
c )It is a short-acting insulin
d )It can be administered orally

011 .Diabetic coma is treated by the administration of:

a )Lente insulin
b )Glucose
c )Crystalline insulin
d )Oral anti-diabetic drugs.

012 .Sulphonylureas act by:

a )Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut
b )Increasing the uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues
c )Reducing the hepatic gluconeogenesis
d )Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin

013 .Sulphonylureas are effective in totally insulin deficient patients .This consideration is:
a )True
b )False

014 .Currently used second-generation sulfonylureas include the following, EXCEPT:

a )Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
b )Glipizide (Glydiazinamide)
c )Glimepiride (Amaril)
d )Tolbutamide (Orinase)

015 .Currently used oral hypoglycemic thiazolidinediones include the following, EXCEPT
a )Pioglitazone (Actos)
b )Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
c )Troglitazone (Rezulin)
d )All of the above

016 .Thiazolidinediones act by:

a )Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose
tissues
b )Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut
c )Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin
d )All of the above

017 .Currently used alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include the following, EXCEPT:

a )Pioglitazone (Actos)
b )Acarbose (Precose)
c )Miglitol (Glyset)
d )All of the above

018 .Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act by:

a )Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose
tissues
b )Competitive inhibiting of intestinal alpha-ghucosidases and modulating the postprandial digestion
and
absorption of starch and disaccharides
c )Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut
d )Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin
019 .Potency of action of
a )Miglitol is six times higher than that of acarbose
b )Acarbose is more than that of miglitol
c )Miglitol and acarbose is equal
d )Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia

020 .Which of the following oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin
from beta islet cells:
a )Glibenclamide
b )Phenformin
c )Buformine
d )Metformin

021 .Currently used oral hypoglycemic biguanides include the following, EXCEPT:
a )Repaglinide (Prandin)
b )Metformin
c )Phenformine
d )Glipizide

022 .The action of insulin is potentiated by:

a )Sulphonylureas
b )Glucagon
c )Biguanides
d )None of the above

023 .Duration of action of:

a )Tolbutamide is more than that of chlorpropamide
b )Chlorpropamide is more than that of tolbutamide
c )Tolbutamide and chlorpropamide is equal
d )Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia

024 .Side effects of sulphonylureas are less than those of biguanides .This considerations is:
a )True
b )False

025 .Biguanides are used in the following conditions, EXCEPT:

a )As a supplement to sulphonylurea, where it is insufficient to give good results
b )In over weight diabetics
c )To reduce insulin requirements
d )In case of hyperglycemic shock

026 .Which of the following agents is/are important hormonal antagonists of insulin in the body?
a )Glucagon
b )Adrenal steroids
c )Adrenaline
d )All of the above

027 .Glucagon is:

a )A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000
b )A peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids
c )A a fructoolygosaccharide
d )A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage

028 .Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a )Glucagon is synthesized in the A cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
b )Glucagon is a peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids
c )Glucagon is extensively degraded in the liver and kidney as well as in plasma, and at its tissue
receptor sites.
d )Half-life of glucagon is between 6 and 8 hours, which is similar to that of insulin

029 .Glucagon can be used in the following situations, EXCEPT:

a )Severe hypoglycemia
b )Severe hyperglycemia
c )Endocrine diagnosis
d )Beta-blocker poisoning

030 .Main complications of insulin therapy include the following:

a )Hypoglycemia
b )Insulin allergy
c )Lipodystrophy at an injection site
d )All of the above

Dr.Yayooo
First FPGEE Online Lecturer
yasserallaa@yahoo.com
org.myfreeforum.dryayooo.www