Lab Report

Synthesis of tetramethylammonium triiodide

Due 07/12/2017

Section 1104

Member
Suparada Suwanlertlum ID 5961084
Nattarat Kesorn ID 5961150
Viriya Unchaleevilawan ID 5961085
Pongpisit Iamsomboonkorn ID 5961220
Panicha Chaiwichayanant ID 5961157
Kanakarn Thaveeptawornvong ID 5961115
Asada Prashyanusorn ID 5961035

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 Lab Report

Synthesis of tetramethylammonium triiodide

Due 07/12/2017

Section 1104

Member
Suparada Suwanlertlum ID 5961084
Nattarat Kesorn ID 5961150
Viriya Unchaleevilawan ID 5961085
Pongpisit Iamsomboonkorn ID 5961220
Panicha Chaiwichayanant ID 5961157
Kanakarn Thaveeptawornvong ID 5961115
Asada Prashyanusorn ID 5961035
Abstract

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 This is an experiment to study the crystallization and formation of a chemical compound
named tetramethylammonium triiodide. By using a method from stoichiometry to solve limiting
reagent and find percent yield. The crystals were synthesized from tetramethylammonium iodide
with iodine and gave a result of 0.91g crystals.

Object

The purpose of this experiment is to uses our knowledge from the topic learned in class,
‘Stoichiometry’. Which included chemical reaction, chemical structure, balance equation,
limiting and excess reagent and percent yield in order to study the chemical reaction and perform
crystallization also method of calculating the limiting reagent and percent yield.

Introduction

Chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of

symbols and formula, wherein the reactant are given on the left-hand side and the product on the
right-hand side. The balance equation is needed if the coefficient number of the equation is not
equal. For this experiment, the chemical equation is (CH3 )4N+I- + I2 → (CH3 )4N+I3- and it is
already balanced, so in this case it is no need to balance the equation. Mole is the SI unit of the
amount of substance which is equal to the quantity containing as many elementary units as there
are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 (12C). This number is expressed by the Avogadro number of
6.02 x 1023 which is the amount of one atom or molecules in one mole.
There are two types of reagents in chemical reaction that can be calculated by using a
method of stoichiometry with rule of three in arithmetic. Limiting reagent is the reactant that is
being used up first in a reaction, meanwhile excess reagent is the reagent that is not being all
used up and are left remained. Following by the percent yield that is the proportion of the actual
yield which is the actual results that is getting from the experiment to theoretical yield which is
the results from calculation. When both actual and theoretical yield are calculated and divided, it
will be multiple with 100% to find the final result of percent yield. A separation technique called
‘crystallization’ is involved in this experiment to form a crystal of tetramethylammonium
triiodide. The solidification of atoms or molecules into a highly structured form called a crystal
that is used to separate a solid that has dissolved in a liquid and made a solution.
This experiment was done to study the form of a crystallization of tetramethylammonium
triiodide and also to understand more about how stoichiometry method calculated to find the
limiting reagent and percent yield from the experiment’s product.

Material

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 1. Tetramethylammonium Iodide (0.51g)
2. Iodine (0.61g)
3. Ethanol (12 mL)
4. Beaker
5. Stirring rod
6. Hot plate
7. Ice bath diagram 1 diagram 2 diagram 3
8. Vacuum filtration

Methods

1. Add tetramethylammonium iodide (0.5 grams) to 50 ml beaker. Use the stirring rod to
break up clumps of Me4N+I-
2. Add iodine (0.6 grams) and 95% ethanol (12 ml).
3. Heat the beaker on hot plate with stirring for about 10
minutes.
4. Heat at low temperature to prevent premature
crystallization.
5. Remove the beaker from the heat and allow the beaker to
cool undisturbed.
6. The crystal should form during this time.
7. Once at room temperature, cool the beaker by placing
the beaker in an ice bath for 10 minutes. Only put the
solution on ice if necessary.
8. Set up apparatus (equipment) for filtration and washing
of compounds.
9. Use vacuum filtration, collect the crystal and wash it twice with hexanes (2x7 ml).
10. Air- dry the products and weigh.
11. Hand in sample, in a capped via.

Results
Reactants Product

(CH3 )4N+I- + I2 (CH3 )4N+I3-

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 Reactants Gram (g) Molecular Weight (g)

(CH3 )4N+I- 0.51 g (12x4) + (3x4) + 14 + 127 = 201 g

I2 0.61 g 127 + 127 = 254 g

Product Gram (g) Molecular Weight (g)

(CH3 )4N+I3- 1.47 - 0.56 (Filter paper) = 0.91 g 201 + 254 = 455 g

We get the crystal as a result after the method of filtration. Our crystal has a light purple,
dark purple, and little dark green. It also shiny like the glitter. The shape of the crystal is like the
powder or tiny particle. At first, our products has 1.47 grams, but we need to minus the weight of
filter paper, which is 0.56, so our products has 0.91 grams.

Calculations
Limiting and Excess reagent.
1)

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2)

Remaining

% Yield

Discussion

The chemical equation of this synthesis is (CH3 )4N+I- + I2 → (CH3 )4N+I3- . We use
0.51 g of I2 which is 2.42 × 10-3 and 0.61 g of (CH3 )4N+I- which also equal to 2.54 × 10-3. After
the reaction , it forms tetramethylammonium triiodide which weighed 0.91 grams. The color of
our product is light and dark purple, and little dark green.
The objective for this lab is to use the knowledge from the stoichiometry that we learn in
class to study the result of the experiment. The background knowledge we need to know before
doing the experiment is the chemical reaction, chemical structure, balancing the equation,
limiting and excess reagent, percent yield and the method of stoichiometry to use and calculate
for our experiment. While we do the lab, we need to be aware about temperature and disturbance

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system during crystallization. If the temperature is too high and some chemical comes to disturb
our crystallization process, the solution will be inaccurate and the result maybe error. Filtration is
the most important part because it can easily be contaminated by the unknown substance.
From our experiment, the limiting reagent is I2 and excess reagent is (CH3 )4N+I-. If we
want to express the amount of excess reagent remaining, we need to find the difference of the
excess reagent and the limiting reagent. The result from subtracting those two reagents are the
amount of remaining reagent. The percent yield can find by divided the actual yield and the
theoretical yield and then multiply by 100%. The actual yield is given as 0.91g and the
theoretical yield are the limiting reagent which we have already calculated it from the above
pages as 1.092g. So, when we put this into the formula we will got the result as 83.3% percent
yield of the solution.

Conclusion

The gram of tetramethylammonium iodide is 1.15g, iodine is 1.092g, and the percent
yield is 83.3%. From calculation and using method of stoichiometry with rule of three in
arithmetic, the results are that iodine is a limiting reagent and tetramethylammonium iodide is an
excess reagent. And from crystallization, our crystal forms in a small particles shaped that have
light purple, dark purple, and little dark green colour and its shine glittering when it reflect to the
light.

References

- Picture - Generalic, Eni ( 29 Aug 2017), Vacuum filtration, Croatian-English Chemistry

Dictionary & Glossary. Retrieved from : https://glossary.periodni.com.
- Stoichiometry. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-reactions-
stoichiome/stoichiometry-ideal/v/stoichiometry
- Stoichiometry. (2017, December 04). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

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Worklog

Name Lab Lab report

Suparada S. Heating beaker Calculations, Recheck

Nattarat K. Filtration Introduction

Viriya U. Cold beaker Objective, Method, Result

Pongpisit I. Measurement Conclusion

Panicha C. Measurement Material, Discussion

Kanakarn T. Measurement Discussion

Asada P. Absent Abstract

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