Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions.

Indicate the correct answer on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided.

1. The main type of carbohydrate which is transported in plants is

A Glucose B Fructose C Maltose D Sucrose

2. Which of the following statement are true about protein and amino acid?

I Most enzymes are globular protein.

II All amino acids that are needed are synthesized by the human body.
III All amino acids that are found in the protein have a different R group.
IV The non-protein component attached to the protein is called prosthetic group.

A I and II B I and IV C II and III D III and IV

3. Among the following molecular bonds, which is found in a molecule of nucleotide?

I Ester bond
II Hydrogen bond
III Glycosidic bond
IV Hydrophobic chain

A I and III B I and IV C II and III D II and IV

4. The diagram below shows the arrangement of a microtubule.

This types of arrangement can be found in

I flagellum II centriole III cilium IV axon

A I and II B I and III C II and III D II and IV

3
5. Which of the following cell has not undergone differentiation?

A Tracheid B Endodermis C Meristem D Sieve tube

6. In human, stratified epithelium is found in

A Alveolus C Bowman capsule

B Blood capillaries D Epidermal layer in skin

7. The presence of aquaporin in the cell membrane is to facilitate

A the diffusion of water molecule in and out of the cell

B the selective permeability towards small and hydrophilic ions
C the transportation of very large, polar molecules across the membrane
D the movement of small, uncharged non-polar and hydrophobic molecules

8. A small amount of cholesterol will most probably across the cell membrane

A through the phospholipid bilayer C through endocytosis

B through the specific protein channel D through protein pump

9. Four groups of onion cells, each with a water potential of -300 kPa, are placed in four
solutions W, X, Y and Z with different water potential. In which solution is there a net
movement of water into the cells by osmosis?

Solution Water potential (kPa)

A W -100
B X - 300
C Y -500
D Z -700

10. The addition of X to an enzyme reaction has reduced the product of the reaction, but the
product increased again when the concentration of Y, the substrate of the reaction, is
increased. The observation shows that

A the reaction of X changed the structure of Y

B Y combined with X to increase the products
C X inhibits the reaction competitively with Y
D Y inhibits the reaction non-competitively with X

11. Which of these are the advantages of enzyme immobilization?

I The enzyme is more stable.

II The enzyme could be easily recovered and reused.
III The end product does not contain enzyme and could be isolated easily.
IV The characteristics of the enzyme could be changed to increase its effect.

A I, II and III B I, II and IV C I, III and IV D II, III and IV

4
12. Which of the following metabolic reaction involves the release of carbon dioxide?

A Pyruvate Lactate
B Succinate Fumarate
C Malate Oxaloacetate
D Isocitrate α-ketoglutarate

13. In glycolysis of anaerobic respiration, the formation of ATP through phosphorylation at

substrate level occurs

A once B twice C three times D four times

14. A source of electrons for the reduction reaction during photosynthesis in plants is

A O2 B CO2 C H2 O D ATP

15. The diagram below shows the Z scheme for electron pathway in cyclic and non-cyclic
photophosphorylation during the light stage in photosynthesis.

Which of the following statements are true about the above Z scheme?

I ATP is synthesised in step P and Q

II NADP is oxidised in non-cyclic photophosphorylation
III The products of non-cyclic photophosphorylation are NADPH, ATP and oxygen
IV P680 and P700 are reduced after the excited electrons are ejected to higher energy
levels.

A I and III B I and IV C II and III D II and IV

5
 Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions.

Write the answers in the spaces provided.

16. The following table shows the results of an investigation of the substrate concentration,
[S], on the rate of reaction, V, at a constant enzyme concentration under standard conditions.

[S]/ mol dm-3 V/ μ mol min-1

2.0 x 10-1 60
2.1 x 10-2 60
2.2 x 10-3 60
2.3 x 10-4 48
1.5 x 10-4 45
1.3 x 10-5 12

(a) What is the value of Vmax for this reaction? [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(b) State the concentration value of the free enzyme at a substrate concentration of 2.2 x 10-3
mol dm-3 and higher. Explain why the value V becomes constant at this substrate
concentration. [3 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(c) Estimate the Km value for this reaction. [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
(d) Write an equation of Michaelis-Menten and show that V = when [S] = Km. [2 marks]
2

6
17. The diagram below shows carbon fixation in Hatch-Slack pathway.

(a) Name the enzymes A and B which catalyse the respective reactions. [2 marks]

A: ……………………………………… B: ………………………………………..

(b) Name the cells X and Y. [2 marks]

X: ……………………………………... Y: ………………………………………..

(c) Describe the processes that occur in cell X. [3 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(d) Indicate, by drawing precisely on the above diagram the appropriate arrows and names of
substances involved in the converting of ATP. [1 mark]

7
 Section C [30 marks]

Answer two questions only.

You may answer all the questions but, only the first two answers will be marked.
Begin each answer on a new page of the answer sheet.

18. (a) Describe the major functions of membrane proteins. [7 marks]

(b) What are the important functions of lipids in general? Explain. [8 marks]

19. Explain the structure and functions of lysosome and vacuole. [15 marks]

20. (a) Without discussing the details of the Krebs cycle and glycolysis, briefly describe how
energy could be produced from fats and proteins in a human body. [9 marks]

(b) Explain how cyanide interferes with the electron transport chain in cellular
respiration. [6 marks]