Reaction Turbine Stage

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 Reaction Turbine Stage
• Pressure and velocity distribution.
casing

F M1

po c1

p
& c c2 velocity

p1 p2 pressure
co

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 h-s diagram for reaction stage.
h
o

ho 1r  ho 2 r c1t2/2 c12/2 o1r o2r

w 12 w 22 W 21/2 W.D

h1   h2  hn 1
2 2 1t W 22/2

c2 2/2
hb
2
2t

s
Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied
 VELOCITY TRIANGLES

1 1 2 2
w2
c2
c1
w1
Tc u
u
cw1 cw2

C : absolute velocity
U : blade velocity
W :relative velocity
Cw: Tangential velocity
Tc : axial thrust

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

– Thermodynamic Degree of Reaction

h m h1  h 2
 
h f  h m (h o  h1 )  (h1  h 2 )

– Kinematic Degree of Reaction

w w 2 2

 2 2 1

(c1  co )  (w  w 1 )
2 2 2
2

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 Power of a Reaction Stage

Nw
W. D  0  u(c1 cos 1  c 2 cos  2 )
m
W .D  u (c1 cos 1  c 2 cos  2 )
c  c  w w
2 2 2 2
 1 2 2 1
2

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

• For normal stage co = c2

w w 2 2

 2 2 1

(c1  c 2 )  (w  w 1 )
2 2 2
2

w w 2 2

 2 1

2 W. D

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

• If cax = constant, then


  (cot 2  cot 1 )
2
Where Ф = cax/U
IF  = 0.0,
then 1 = 2 ,
w1 = w2 and
h1 = h2

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

h-s Diagram,  = 0.0

o
h

p1
1 p2
1s 2

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 Velocity Diagram,  = 0.0

1 2

c1 w1 c2 w2

u u

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 1 
   (cot  2  cot 1 )
2 2

IF  = 0.5,
then 1 = 2 , w1 = c2
and
(h1 - h2) = (ho - h1)

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

Velocity Diagram,  = 0.5

1 2

c1 w2
w1 c2

u u

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 h-s Diagram,  = 0.5
po
h o to

ho - h1 p1
1

h1 - h2 1s

p2
2
2s

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 
  1  (cot 2  cot 1 )
2

• IF  = 1.0,
• then 1 = 2 ,
• c1 = c2 and
• h1 = ho

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

Velocity Diagram,  = 1.0

1 2
c1 w2
w1 c2

u u

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

h-s Diagram,  = 1.0
po
h o
1
p1

p2
2
2t

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

Relative Blade Efficiency (ηb)

2u (c1 cos 1  c 2 cos  2 )

b 
c1  w 2 w 1
2 2 2

or
2u (w 1 cos 1  w 2 cos  2 )
b 
c1  w 2 w 1
2 2 2

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

• for  = 0.5 and cax = constant
• then w2 = c1, c2 = w1
• 2 = 1, 2 = 1
• The maximum blade efficiency is at
• x = cos 1

2 cos 1 2

 
b m ax 1  cos 1
2

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

 100.0

m=2 Reaction
80.0

60.0


Impulse
40.0

20.0  = 20 deg.
1

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
x=u/c

Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied

• Example
• A reaction turbine having identical blading
delivers dry saturated steam at 3 bar. The
absolute velocity of steam at exit is 200 m/s. The
mean blade height is 4 cm and the exit angle of
the moving blade is 20o. At the mean radius the
axial velocity equals ¾ blade speed for a steam
flow rate of 10000 kg/hr. Calculate :
• The rotor speed in rpm.
• The output power of the stage.
• The diagram (blade) efficiency.
Assoc. Prof. Abd El-hamied