ELECTRONICS 1 PROJECT REPORT

ONE WAY INTERCOM

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR NAYYAR ABBAS

SUBMITTED BY:
Adnan Zahid (2011017)

M. Saad (2011278)

M. Saad (2011279)

Suleman Gill (2011401)

Objective:
The objective was to build a simple two way intercom circuit using IC LM 741 and LM386,
transistors, diodes and other basic components using amplification phenomenon of transistors.

Circuit Diagram:
Description:
An omnidirectional electret microphone can be used to pick up the sound and convert it into an
electrical signal. This electric signal is than fed along two paths. In the first path, the signal is
sent to the inverting input at pin 6 of LM386. In the second path, the signal coming from the
microphone is fed to the non-inverting input of LM386.

Component list:

Component: Value: Quantity:

Resistor 2.2k 2
Resistor 10k 4
Resistor 1k 1
Resistor 10 1
Variable Resistor 250k 1
Variable Resistor 5k 1
Capacitor 0.1 µ 4
Capacitor 470 µ 2
Capacitor 10 µ 1
Capacitor 100 µ 1
Capacitor 4.7 µ 1
Capacitor 0.22 µ 1
OP-Amp LM741 1
OP-Amp LM386 1
Speaker 16Ω 1
Mic - 1
Transistor 2N3906 1
Transistor 2N3904 1
Diode 1N914 2

Components Wise Description:

Given below is the component wise description of the circuit.

Microphone:
Normally using dynamic microphones with low input resistance and their impedance is
determined primarily by winding of voice coil.
Speaker:
A loudspeaker (or "speaker") is an electroacoustic transducer that produces sound in response
to an electrical audio signal input. A 16 ohm resistance speaker is being used to transmit sound.

Power Amplifier:
Power amplifier we are used in our circuit is LM386. It is used as driver for higher power driven
output device i.e. speaker. The gain of this IC is internally set 20, however it can be varied
between 20 and 200 by using a variable resistor between pin 1 and 8.

Simulation:

Circuit:
Input wave:

Output wave:
Problems Faced:
The main problem we faced was that at first, we were not able to get a proper output signal.
The signal we got lot had lots of distortion. The reason behind was the transistors with incorrect
power ratings due to unavailability in the store. This problem can be removed by putting a
power amplifier to increase the power of the signal coming from the microphone and by using
transistors of exact rating.

Applications:

Intercoms can be used to incorporate connections to public address loud speaker systems,
telephones and other intercom systems. These can also incorporate to control devices such as
signal lights and door latches. Door phone intercom permits visitors to ring one or more
telephones in a building for hands free conversation. The main use of intercoms is in access
control. Most complexes and business will utilize intercoms if their access gate is too far away
for them to be able to see who is trying to get in. Furthermore, intercoms are handy with
regards to that they can be specialized in such a way that numbers can be dialed on the initial
keypad which will lead only to certain receivers on the other end. This is especially popular in
businesses and complexes.

Future Prospective:
 This circuit can be further modified into wireless intercom circuit for installations where
it is not desirable to run wires for intercom circuit.
 Video intercom can also be made by transferring video signal along with audio signal by
coaxial cable.

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