Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

Indicate the correct answer on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided.

1. Acoelomate cavity in the Platyhelminthes acts as a

A medium of digestive tube

B medium of oxygen supply
C medium of gamete transportation
D medium of nerve impulses transfer

2. The table below shows three organisms and their specific structures.

Organism Specific structure

I Penaeus (a) Telson
II Naja (b) Radula
III Helix (c) Scales

I II III
A (a) (b) (c)
B (c) (b) (a)
C (b) (a) (c)
D (a) (c) (b)

3. The term ‘community’ refers to

A all animal species in a habitat

B all food web in an ecosystem
C all plant and animal species in a habitat
D all plant and animals species in an ecosystem

4. The graph below shows the concept of niche in an ecosystem.

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What happens in the shaded area?

A Both species require the same resources.

B Hybrid species will be formed in the habitat.
C Both species are eliminated from their respective habitats.
D Total area or effective environment inhabited by species 1 and species 2.

5. The following are the values of energy in an ecosystem.

Gross primary productivity of producers: 3000 kJ m-2 y-1.

Net primary productivity of producers: 2600 kJ m-2 y-1.

If the efficiency of energy transfer from producers to herbivores is 10 % and to the higher
levels is 20 %, what is the amount of energy obtained by the tertiary consumers?

A 1.6 kJ m-2 y-1 B 10.4 kJ m-2 y-1 C 8 kJ m-2 y-1 D 52 kJ m-2 y-1

6. Which of the following is not true for variation?

A Variation enables the production of a new species

B The gene pool of a population becomes smaller gradually
C Natural selection can raise the success of a species in evolution
D A species is more capable of colonise various habitat and niches

7. Different species of the mosquito Anopheles inhabit different habitats, for example,
stagnant water or running water. What type of reproductive barrier is possibly separating the
species?

A Seasonal isolation C Behavioural isolation

B Ecological isolation D Postzygotic barriers

8. Madam P has type B blood group and Madam Q has type A. Both of them give birth on the
same day at the same hospital. Madam P named her child R while Madam Q named her child
S. After being discharged from the hospital, Madam Q suspected that her child had been
changed with that of Madam P. A blood test found that baby R has type O blood group while
baby S has type B blood group.
Which of the following statements is / are true about the above case if their husbands have
type A blood group?

I Baby S is Madam P’s child.

II Baby S can have type B blood group.
III Madam Q’s assumption is not correct.
IV Their children have been changed at the hospital.

A I only B III only C II and IV only D I, II and IV only

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9. In Andulusian hen, the feather colour is controlled by a pair of codominant alleles. The
heterozygote hen is grey blue while the homozygote hens black or white. A farmer bought a
grey blue cock and a few hens of the same colour. If 96 eggs hatched, how many white
chickens are expected to be produced?

A 12 B 16 C 24 D 48

10. Which of the following statements are true about protein synthesis?

I DNA replicates semi-conservatively.

II One codon produces one amino acid only.
III There are certain codons for the termination of synthesis.
IV RNA polymerase closes the transcribing DNA strand back to helix form.

A II and III B I and IV C I and II D III and IV

11. A study on 500 mice about their resistance towards a type of poison was carried out. The
resistance characteristic is controlled by the dominant allele T. 64 % of the mice population is
found to be resistant towards the poison. Calculate number of mice expected to have
genotype Tt.

A 80 B 120 C 160 D 240

12. Which of the following are true of restriction enzyme?

I It restricts transcription.
II It is found in all eukaryotic cells.
III It acts on palindromic sequences.
IV It is sensitive to change in temperature and pH.

A I and III B II and III C I and IV D III and IV

13. Which of these is the importance of limitation enzyme action in the technology of DNA
recombinant?

A Limiting the cDNA cloning

B Uniting the chromosome and the plasmid
C Ensuring the randomization of the cutting of DNA sequence
D Ensuring the inter complementariness of the ends of source DNA fragment and DNA
plasmid

14. Which of the following statements are the uses of biotechnology?

I Produce sheep clone

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 II Produce plants that have bacterial genes to destroy pathogenic insects
III Produce agriculturally important plants and animals which have better
nutritional values
IV Produce microbes which secrete enzymes to overcome the problems of oil
spillage in the sea

A I, II and III B I, II and IV C I, III and IV D II, III and IV

15. A herbicide resistant transgenic plant can be produced by

A injecting deactivated herbicide into the plant

B crossing a herbicide sensitive plant with a herbicide resistant plant
C inserting a gene which is able to produce an enzyme for herbicide degradation in its
genome
D continuously exposing the plant to the herbicide of low concentration for a long period
of time

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions.

Write the answers in the spaces provided.

16. The following diagram shows the phosphorus cycle.

P
Phosphate in rock
and sediment

Phosphate in S Phosphate in soil

geological structures

R
Phosphate in marine

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(a) Name the processes P and R. [2 marks]

P: ………………………………………….. R: ……………………………………….

(b) The phosphate in the soil is absorbed by plants through roots and incorporated into a
variety of biological molecules in cells. Give three examples of these molecules. [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Explain how the phosphate in organisms can transfer to the soil through process Q.
[3 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Explain how the phosphate in the aquatic ecosystem returns to the land via process S.
[2 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

17. The diagram below shows the genetic relationship between various Spartina halophyte
grasses.

Spartina alterniflora Spartina maritime

2n = 62 2n = 60
n = 31 n = 30

Sterile hybrid A

Process Q

Spartina anglica
4n = 122

(a) State the number of chromosomes in hybrid A. [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(b) Explain why hybrid A is sterile and how it reproduces. [2 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Explain process Q. [2 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Explain why Spartina anglica is fertile and how it reproduces. [2 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Section C [30 marks]

Answer two questions only.

You may answer all the questions but, only the first two answers will be marked.
Begin each answer on a new page of the answer sheet.

18. (a) Explain why the classification of organisms is important? [5 marks]

(b) Give an example of an organism in Phylum Chlorophyta and describe its

morphological characteristics with the help of a labeled diagram. [10 marks]

19. (a) Define the term ‘species’ based on the biological-species concept. [3 marks]

(b) With the aid of diagrams and suitable examples, explain the modes of natural
selection and their consequences respectively. [12 marks]
(i) Stabilising selection
(ii) Disruptive selection
(iii) Directional selection

20. Describe the application of biotechnology in forensic e.g. DNA fingerprinting.

[15 marks]