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Section A [ 15 marks ]
Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which statement is true of K-selected species?

A The body size is small
B The development period to achieve maturity is short
C It involves parental care
D The lifespan is short.

2 Which of the following is not true of an ecosystem?

A Phytoplanktons are producers.
B The last consumer obtains the highest energy.
C Ecosystem is an open system with input and output of energies.
D Heterotrophs include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers and detritivores.

3 A 25 cm x 25 cm quadrat was used to study the density of Imperata cylindrica in two

areas X and Y. The following data was obtain:
Quadrat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total number in area X 3 0 5 1 2 3 0 7 6 3
Total number in area Y 0 2 1 4 1 2 3 4 0 3

The density of Imperata cylindrica per m2 is

Area X Area Y
A 30 20
B 48 32
C 32 48
D 20 30

4 What parameter should be calculated in order to know whether a population is in Hardy-

Weinberg equilibrium?
A Gene pool
B Genetic drift
C Allele frequency
D Gene substitution

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5 The taxa Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia are of the same
A class but of different orders
B order but of different families
C kingdom but of different phyla
D phylum but of different classes

6 The skeleton of vertebrates differs from that of arthropods in terms of

A support C protection
B shedding D muscle attachment

7 Yellow body in Drosophila is determined by a recessive sex-linked gene and its

dominant allele produces a black body. Which of the following is the correct progeny of a
cross between a black male and a yellow female?
Females Males
Black Yellow Black Yellow
A 1 1
B 1 1
C 1 1
D 1 1

8 In man, free ear lobe is dominant to attached ear lobe while curly hair is dominant to
straight hair. If a couple is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability of having a
child with free ear lobes and straight hair?
A 1 / 16 C 3 / 16
B 2 / 16 D 9 / 16

9 The following table shows map distances between genes along a chromosome.
Linked genes AB AC AD BC BD CD
Map distance ( % ) 30 5 10 35 20 15

Which of the following is the correct gene sequence?

A BADC
B BDAC
C BCAD
D BACD

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10 The base sequence of a gene MNOPQRS undergoes two mutations to become

MNPRS. What types of mutation have occured?
A Two inversions
B Two translocations
C Two deletions
D Two substitutions

11 A dominant allele Y for yellow coat in rat functions as a lethal gene in the homozygous
state. If 16% of 1000 foetuses are stillborn, what percentage is expected to be
heterozygous in the population?
A 4
B 16
C 24
D 48

12 The following diagram shows the lactose operon.

Which of the following will stop the production of enzymes?

A K
B M
C N
D X

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13 Which of the following statements about the lactose operon are true?
I Lactose induces transcription by inactivating the repressor
II The repressor protein is produced by the regulator gene
III The promoter is mRNA transcribed from DNA
IV The expression of the genes depends on the inducer
A I and II
B III and IV
C I, II and III
D I, II and IV

14 Name the process of selecting a transformed bacterial clone.

A Filtering
B Screening
C Cloning
D Ligating

15 Which of the following statements are true for cloning?

I DNA ligase is used for recombining DNA fragments
II EcoRI is used for cutting the DNA chain
III Reverse transcriptase is used for producing mRNA from cDNA
IV Ampicillin treatment is used for screening transformed bacteria
A I and II
B I, II and IV
C II, III and IV
D I, II, III and IV

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Section B [ 15 marks ]
Answer all questions in this section.

16 The diagram below shows the forest community receives about 1.2 x 106kJm-2yr-1 of solar
energy. About 50% of the energy is reflected from the plants. 98% of the energy by plants are
lost to the environment.

(a) Calculate the amount of energy absorbed by the plants [ 1 mark ]

( b ) What is mean by gross primary productivity (GPP)? [ 1 mark ]

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

( c ) Calculate the value of GPP in the plants of the community. [ 1 mark ]

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( d ) State two reasons why the plants only assimilate a small amount of solar energy.
[ 2 marks]
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) If the efficiency of the energy transfer between producers and herbivores is 10% and
between herbivores and higher trophic levels is 20%, calculate the amount of energy
received by tertiary consumers. [ 3 marks ]

17 In lactose metabolism, β-galactosidase enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of lactose. In an

E. coli bacterial cell, this enzyme would not be produced if lactose is absent. The
diagram below shows the mechanism involved in the regulation of lactose metabolism
when lactose is absent.

(a) The diagram above illustrates the mechanism of an operon concept

(i) What type of operon is it? [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain your answer to (a) (ii) [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) State the function of the regulator gene in this operon. [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Explain briefly how the absence of lactose prevents the production of the β-galactosidase
enzyme . [2 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) If a mutation alter the promoter in this operon, suggest what would happen to the
production of the enzyme β-galactosidase enzyme . [2 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Section C [ 30 marks ]
Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Explain what is meant by the term sustainable development. [ 2 marks ]

(b) Discuss how sustainable development can be implemented in the following areas :
(i) forestry [ 5 marks ]
( ii) agriculture [ 5 marks ]
( iii ) fisheries [ 3 marks ]

19 A population of diploid organisms consist of 2000 individuals.Table below shows the

genotypes in the population.

Genotypes Number of
organism
RR 980
Rr 840
rr 180
(a) By using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, show that the allele frequency and genotypes
frequency in the F1 generation is constant. [ 9 marks ]
(b) State and explain three factors that can change the constant values of allele and genotype
frequency in the F1 generation. [6 marks ]

20 (a) State the vector used in recombinant DNA technology. State the characteristics that make
it useful for recombinant DNA technology. [ 5 marks ]
(b) Explain briefly about plasmids that are used as vectors for recombinant DNA technology.
[ 5 marks ]
(c) By using specific example, explain how restriction enzyme cleaves on a palindrome.

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[ 5 marks ]

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