Gravity Wall (RCC) R0 (27!11!2017) 5m For Testing

375596318.
xlsx
Project :-
Place puna
Cantilever retaining wall of 5 m height Date 1/1/2018
Beaver Client hydrabad township Revision
Properties of soil -1 (Back fill material) Design X

Density of Soil (ϒ1) 18000 N/m³
Density of wet soil(W1) 0 N/m³
Angle of repose( φ1) 30° Note: φ and φw > α
Angle of repose in fully wet( φw1) 0°
Cohesion (c1) 0
Properties of soil -2 (soil in front of the heel and under the base slab)
Safe bearing capacity, SBC 200000 N/m²
Cohesion (c2) 0
Friction coefficient (μ) 0.65
Properties of concrete
Density of Concrete (ρcon) 25000 N/m³
Effective cover 50 mm
Grade of concrete M 25
Properties of steel
Grade of Steel Fe 500
Permissible compressive stress in concrete 8.5 N/mm²
in bending , (σcbc)
Tensile stress in steel (σst) 275 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) = 280 /(3.σcbc) 10.98
Direct loads
Live load 0
Surcharge angle, α 26.34° 26.34°
Dimentions of Retainwall
Required height of retainwall above GL 5000 mm Main requirement of client
Depth of foundation top below GL 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm fill manually from
Height of stem, hs 5000 mm -
Top width of stem, Tst 300 mm Hence safe
Slope angle of retaining wall at earthfill side 0° 406400
Slope angle of retaining wall at opposite
0° X
earthfill side
Inclined length at earthfill side, Lei 300 mm 300 mm
Inclined length at opposite side of earthfill, L 0 mm -
Bottom width of stem, Tsb 600 mm - 1446 723
Length of toe, Lt 1300 mm -
Length of heel, Lh 2020 mm -
Length of base, Lb 3920 mm -
Thickness of foundation, Tb 600 mm 600 mm 2.559 req
Total height of earthfill above RW, hsr 1166 mm 1166 mm
Total height of retaining wall, hR 5600 mm
Annexures - I, page - 1/81 . Beaver infra consultants Pvt, Ltd,.

375596318.xlsx
Total height of RW with surcharge, H 6766 mm
Depth of foundation below GL

Depth of foundation, Df 3200 mm 0 As per rankine's formula
If assumed depth below GL is less than depth of foundation, from Rankies formula increase depth
Proposed depth of foundation, Df 600 mm 2559 mm
Proposed depth of foundation, Df (in key conditon) 600 mm -
As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997

Check against overturning
FS for overturning 1.55 2 2 0
Check against sliding

FS for sliding 1.55 1.55 1.5
By default considered max of two IS codes are considered
Shear key design ok

Therefore y = 0.42 m
So, provide a key of 650 mm 650 mm
Minimum thickness of key = 300 mm 300 mm
Spacing required 660 mm
Dia of shear bars 16 mm
% of steel
Description Diameter Resultant spacing
considered
Steam design
Main Steel 20 150
Distribution steel 20 480 0.12%
Toe design
Main Steel 20 240
Heel design
Main Steel 20 180
Curtailment of bars
Available no. of bars in stem 7
No. of bars to be curtailed 3 - Place - if automatic needed
1 Factor of safety againest overturning >2 For static loads

Factor of safety againest overturning >1.5 With earthquake forces
2 Factor of safety againest sliding >1.5 For static loads
Factor of safety againest sliding >1 With earthquake forces
3 maximum base pressure <= qa Allowable bearing capacity
maximum base pressure <= 1.33 qa During earth-quake(EQ)
4 Minimum base pressure >0
5 Factor of safety aginest floatation > 1.25

375596318.xlsx
In steep hills
6 FS for slip surface below foundation >1.5 For static loads
>1 With EQ/sesimic condition

375596318.xlsx
Hints Yes 0 0.7
Retaining wall with surcharge load
if surcharge = 0, hr = H
hr = hagl +Df or hs+Db
X
General cantilever diagram
Ws5
150
Wst
300 Ws4 Ws3
hs
5000
5000 hagl Ws2 Ws1
Wc3 Wc1 Wc4 hr H

5600
1667 Wsb
600
600 Df 1300 0 300 2020
Li Lei
Wc2 Db 600
Lb
3920
anually from h36 to d a
### ###
Length of tow should be 1/3rd of base length
Length of base should be 0.7H i.e., 3920

Thickness of foundation should be equal to bottom width of stem

375596318.xlsx
formula
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&[File] File name
&[Path]Path of the file

375596318.xlsx

Input
Properties of soil -1 (Back fill material)
Cohesion (c1) 0
Cohesion (c2) 0
steel
Permissible compressive stress in 8.5 N/mm²
concrete in bending
Tensile stress in steel(σ(σ )
cbcst) 275 N/mm²
Direct loads
Live load 0 N/m²
Surcharge load 0 N/m²
Surcharge angle 26.34°
Required height of retainwall 5000 mm
Depth of foundation below GL 0 mm
Height of stem 5000 mm Considerd above ground level
Top width of stem 300 mm
Bottom width of stem 600 mm
Length of toe 1300 mm
Length of heel 2020 mm
Length of base 3920 mm
Thickness of foundation 600 mm
Total height of retaining wall 5600 mm
Inclined length at earthfill side 300 mm
Inclined length at opposite side of earthfil 0 mm
Total height of earthfill above RW 1166 mm
Total height of surcharge 6766 mm
Total height of retaining wall
Height of wall above GL (hagl) 5m
Proposed depth of foundation, Df 0.6 m (Calculated below)
Total height of retaining wall, H = hagl + Df 5.6 m
Coifficient of active earth pressure for soil-1 (Ka1)

〖� _𝑎="cos α" ∗(("cos α" −√( 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 ^2
"α" − 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 ^2 "Ø" ))/("cos α" +√( 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 When α ≠ 0
^2 "α" − 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 ^2 "Ø" ))) 〗 _
〖� _𝑎="1− sin When α = 0

Ø" /"1+ sin Ø" 〗 _
Active earth pressure for soil-1, Ka1 0.5368 When φ1 = 30 & α= 0
Coifficient of active and passive earth pressure for soil-2 (Ka2)

Passive earth pressure for soil-2, Kp 3.00 When φ2 = 30 & α = 0
Proposed retaining wall diagram
retain wall
Stem height
Base thickness
total height
stem thickness(Top)
Stem thickness(bottom)
Base width
Earthfill
Heel length
Tow length
Surcharge load
Height of surcharge load
Toatal height of earth load

Magnitude of Distance from Moment about 'd'
Load due to
load (N) 'd' in m in Nm
Moments of forces tending to resist overturning about point 'd' (Neglecting passive pressure)
Weight of block 1 (Wc1)
37500 1.45 54375
58800 1.96 115248
0 1.3 0
18750 1.7 31875
Soil pressure
Weight of soil on base (Ws1)
= 2.02 x 5 x 18000 181800 2.91 529038
= 5 x 0.3 x 18000 13500 1.8 24300
= 2.02 x 0.14853 x 18000 5400.55 2.91 15715.6
= 0.5*1.0001*0.14853*18000 1336.9 3.25 4344.93
= 0.5*0.14853*0.3*18000 401.03 1.8 721.85
Live Load
= 1.3 x 0 0 3.27 mm 0
Total (ƩFR) 310350 Total (ƩMR) 775618.38
Moments of forces tending to overturning about point 'd'
Movement of lateral active earth pressure
Vertical component, Pv = Ka *( w *h^2)/2*sin α
= 0.5368*((18000*(6.766^2)/2)*Sin 26.3 98130.82
Horizontal component, Ph = Ka *( w *h^2)/2*cos α
= 0.5368*((18000*(6.766^2)/2)*Cos 26. 198204.15 2.26 447941.379
Total (ƩMO) 447941.38
Total (ƩV) 408480.82 Total (ƩM) 327677.00

〖𝐹� _𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔=Ʃ𝑀_𝑅/Ʃ
𝑀_𝑜 〗 _
Where, MR =Stabilising moment or restoring moment
MO =overturning moment
FS overturning = 775618.38 / 447941.379
FS overturning = 1.73
FS = 1.55 As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2
FS = 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS = 2 Global factor of safety
FS considered max of IS codes 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
MR>=1.2 MO, ch DL + 1.4 MO, ch IL => 0.9 MR >=1.4 MO, ch IL, As for IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS overturning 1.73> 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS overturning = Un-Safe

FS Sliding = Resisting force to sliding/Horizontal force causing sliding
〖𝐹� _�𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔=(ƩF_R)/(ƩF_d ) 〗
_ = 〖 "μ.ƩW" 〗 _ /"P" _𝑎
μ= 0.65 From above

Sum of the horizontal resisting forces(ƩFR)= 310350
Sum of the horizontal driving forces (ƩFd ) =
〖 Ʃ𝐹_𝑑=�_𝑎∗((𝑊∗ℎ^2)/2) 〗
_
ƩFd = 0.5368 * ((18000 * 6.766^2)/2)

ƩFd = ###
Therefore, FS Sliding 310350
= / 221166.3259872
FS Sliding = 0.91
FS = 1.5 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS = 1.5 Global factor of safety
FS considered max of IS codes 1.55 As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2
μ.ƩW/Pa >1.55 (=1.4/0.9) As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2
1.4 = μ.( 0.9ƩW)/Pa
FS Sliding = 0.91 >1.55 As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2
FS Sliding = Un-Safe
Check against subsidence

It should not subside i.e Max. pressure at the toe should not exceed the safe bearingcapacity of
the soil under working condition.
〖� =Ʃ𝑀/Ʃ�
〗_
z = 327677.001 / 408480.82
z= 0.802 m
The minimum pressure at base should not be less than zero to avoid tension at the base. From
this e=b/6, resultant should cut the base within the middle third. Otherwise the wall tends to
separate from the base due to tension.
bbase/6 = 0.653 m
𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡�, 𝑒 =
(𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒/2−�)
Eccentricity (e) = 1.158 m
Eccentricity (e) = 1.158 <=0.653 = bbase/6
Re-design
Maximum pressure at the base

Extreme pressure intensity on the base
�_𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 〖𝑊 /𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗
( 1+ 〖 6𝑒/𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗 )
w 310350 N
Eccentricity, e 1.158 m
Breadth of foundation, bbase 3.92 m
Maximum pressure at the base, Pmax 219497 N/m²
This should not be greater than SBC of soil to avoid the subsidence of wall
SBC of base material = 200000 N/m²
SBC of base material = 200000 >219497.33 = Maximum pressure at the base, Pmax
SBC<Pmax, hence un-safe against subsidence
Minimum pressure at the base
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 〖𝑊 /𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗
( 1− 〖 6𝑒/𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗 )
W 310350 N
Minimum pressure at the base, Pmin -61156 N/m²
This should not be less than zero to avoid tension at the base. From this e=b/6, resultant should
cut the base within the middle third. Otherwise the wall tends to separate from the base due to
tension.
Pmin<0, hence tension will be their in the base and the structure is un-safe
Base pressure diagram
-61156 N/m²
83467
219497 N/m² 126424 N/m²
219497 N/m²

Rankine's formula
〖� _�=(��/ϒ)∗["1− sin Ø" /"1+ sin
Ø" ]^2 〗 _ =(��/ϒ)∗�_𝑎^2
Depth of foundation, Df 3.2 m

Proposed depth of foundation, Df 0.6 m
Passive force at the toe without key is given by
〖� _(𝑝 ) 〗 _ =0.5∗ϓ_2∗�^2 �_p+2∗c_2∗D∗K_p^(1/2)
Unit weight of soil in front of the heel

18000 N/m³
and under the base slab, ϓ₂ =
Rankine passive earth pressure
coefficient, Kp = 3.00
Cohesion, c₂ = 1.00
Depth foundation below GL, D =
Therefore,
Pp =0.5*18000*3*D² + 2*1*D*1.73 = 27000 * D² …...1
For equilibrium,
〖� _(𝑝 ) 〗 _ +𝜇.𝑊=𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜� �𝑎�𝑒𝑡� ∗ 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖�𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔

�𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Therefore,
Pp = Factor of safety x Horizontal driving force - μ.W
〖𝐹� _�𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔=(Ʃ𝐹_𝑅
)/(Ʃ𝐹_𝑑 ) 〗 _
FS Sliding = μ.ƩW/Pa
μ= 0.65
ƩW = 408480.82
Pa = 221166.3259872
Factor of safety Sliding = 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
Pp = 176820.1189744 ……2
The depth assumed below GL is to increased to obtain safe.

Equating 1 & 2
D2= 6.549
D= 2.559
Hence,
Proposed depth of foundation, Df = 0.6 m
Maximum bending moment at the bottom of the stem due to lateral earth pressure alone
�𝑀_(�𝑡𝑎𝑚(𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑝))= 〖� _𝑎∗𝑊 〗 _�
∗𝐻^3/6
Height of wall (H) 5.6 m
Weight of Soil (Ws) 18000 N/m³
Angle of repose in fully wet( φ) 0°
BMsteam(due to lep) =0.5368*18000*(5.6)^3/6
BMsteam(due to lep) 282812 N-m
This bending moment produces tension away frtom the water face
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending
8.5 N/mm²
(σcbc)
Tensile stres in steel (σst) 275 N/mm²
k = m*σcbc/(m*σcbc+σst) 0.253
j = 1 - k/3 0.916
R = 0.5 x σcbc x j x k 0.986
Equating MR to BM
= 0.986 x 1000 x d ^2 = 282812 x 1000
d= 536 mm
Depth provided 600 mm
Effective depth available 550 mm >536 mm Hence safe
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜� �𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 �𝑜𝑟 �𝑀(𝑎𝑤𝑎�)=(�𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)/
((𝜎�𝑡 𝑥 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑚)" " )
Level arm = j * Effective depth available 503.55 mm
Area of steel required (Ast) 2042 mm²
Minimum reinforcement @ 0.12% 660 mm²
Provide steel 2042 mm²
Diameter of steel 20 mm
Area of 20mm diameter bars 314 mm²
Spacing of 20mm diameter bars 150 mm
Provided spacing 150 mm
Provide Dia20mm @150mm spacing
Distribution steel
Area of distribution steel = 0.12% of gross area
Area of distribution steel = 660 mm²
Design of Base slab

Maximum pressure at the base Pmax = 219497 N/m² From Above
Minimum pressure at the base Pmin = -61156 N/m² From Above
Thickness of base slab 600 mm From Above
Toe slab
Bending moment calculations for toe slab per metre run of wall
Magnitude of Distance from Moment about 'c'

Load due to Load c (m) (N-m)
Upward Pressure, cdjf = 126424 x 1.3 164351.20 0.65 106828.28
Upward pressure efj, = 1/2 x 1.3 x 93073 60497.66 0.87 52632.96
Deduct for Self weight of Toe slab = 1. 19500.00 0.65 12675.00
B.M for toe slab 146786.24
Hence,
Bending moment of toe slab per metre ru 146786.24 N-m
Area of steel required for maximum ben 1060.02 mm²
Area of 20 mm diameter bars 314 mm²
Spacing of 20 mm diameter bars 240 mm
Heel slab
Bending Moment calculations for Heel Slab per metre run of wall
Magnitude of Distance from Moment about 'b'

Load due to Load (N) b (m) (N-m)
Weight of soil Ws = 2.02 x 5 x 18000 181800.00 1.01 183618.00
Weight of Heel slab = 2.02 x 0.6 x 25000 30300.00 1.01 30603.00
Deduct for Upward pressure abih, = -611 -123534.11 1.01 -124769.45
ghi, = 1/2 x 2.02 x 144622.5 146068.725 0.67 98352.94
Bending Moment of Toe heel slab per metre run of wall 240637.51
Hence,
Bending Moment of heel slab per metre r 240637.51 N-m
Area of Steel required for Maximum be 1738 mm²
Distribution steel
Curtaiment of bars
Ast2 2042 mm²
No. of 20mm diameter bars 6.5 No.
Provided no. of bars 7 No.
Total 7 no. 20 dia (3 bars curtailed @ 3800 mm from top.
Total no. of bars 7 No.

No. of bars to be curtailed 3 No. 3
Height of stem 5.0 m
h^2 14.3 m
h 3.8 m From top
Summery
S.no Item Value
I Properties of soil -1 (Back fill material)
1 Density of Soil (ϒ1) 18000 N/m³
2 Density of wet soil(W1) 0 N/m³
3 Angle of repose( φ1) 30°
4 Angle of repose in fully wet( φw1) 0°
5 Cohesion (c1) 0
II Properties of soil -2 (soil in front of the heel and under the base slab)
6 Safe bearing capacity, SBC 200000 N/m²
11 Cohesion (c2) 0
12 Friction coefficient (μ) 0.65
III Properties of concrete
13 Density of Concrete (ρcon) 25000 N/m³
14 Effective cover 50 mm
15 Grade of concrete M 25
IV Properties of steel
16 Grade of Steel Fe 500
17 Permissible compressive stress in concrete in 8.5 N/mm²
18 Tensile stress in steel (σst) 275 N/mm²
19 Modular ratio (m) = 280 /(3.σcbc) 10.98
V Direct loads
20 Live load 0
21 Surcharge angle, α 26.34°
VI Retain wall Dimentions
21 Height of retain wall(above GL) 5000 mm
22 Depth of foundation 600 mm
23 Foundation depth 0 mm
24 Inclined length at earthfill side 300 mm
25 Inclined length at opposite side of earthfill 0 mm
26 Stem
1 Top width 300 mm
2 Bottom width 600 mm
3 Height 5000 mm
27 Toe slab
1 Length 1300 mm
2 Thickness 600 mm
28 Heel slab
1 Length 2020 mm
2 Thickness 600 mm
Check list
SBC<Pmax, hence un-safe against
1 Condition 1 219497.33 <=200000 subsidence X
Pmin<0, hence tension will be their in the
2 Condition 2 -61155.5 >0 base and the structure is un-safe X
3 Condition 3 1.73 >=2 FS overturning =Un-Safe X
4 Condition 4 0.91 >=1.55 FS Sliding =Un-Safe X
5 Condition 5 1.158 <=0.653 Re-design X
Reinforcement details
S.no Item Diameter Spacing Remarks
1 Stem
Main bars 20 mm 150 mm 1,2
Distribution bars 20 mm 300 mm 3,4
2 Toe slab
3 Heel slab
4 Curtailement of bars Diameter Height from top No. of bars

Main bars in stem 20 mm 3.8 m 3 No.
X
Input
Cohesion (c1) 0
Cohesion (c2) 0
steel
concrete in bending
cbcst) 275 N/mm²
Direct loads
Live load 0 N/m²
Surcharge load 0 N/m²
Surcharge angle 26.34°
Required height of retainwall 5000 mm
Height of stem 5000 mm Considerd above ground level
Total height of earthfill above RW 1166 mm
Total height of surcharge 6766 mm
Proposed depth of foundation, Df 0.6 m (Calculated below)
Total height of retaining wall, H = hagl + Df 5.6 m

〖� _𝑎="cos α" ∗(("cos α" −√( 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 ^2
^2 "α" − 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 ^2 "Ø" ))) 〗 _
〖� _𝑎="1− sin When α = 0

Ø" /"1+ sin Ø" 〗 _

Proposed retaining wall diagram
retain wall
Stem height
Base thickness
total height
stem thickness(Top)
Base width
Earthfill
Heel length
Tow length
Surcharge load

Load due to
37500 1.45 54375
58800 1.96 115248
0 1.3 0
18750 1.7 31875
Soil pressure
= 2.02 x 5 x 18000 181800 2.91 529038
= 5 x 0.3 x 18000 13500 1.8 24300
= 2.02 x 0.14853 x 18000 5400.55 2.91 15715.6
= 0.5*1.0001*0.14853*18000 1336.9 3.25 4344.93
= 0.5*0.14853*0.3*18000 401.03 1.8 721.85
Live Load
= 1.3 x 0 0 3.27 mm 0
Total (ƩFR) 310350 Total (ƩMR) 775618.38
Vertical component, Pv = Ka *( w *h^2)/2*sin α
= 0.33*((18000*(6.766^2)/2)*Sin 26.34) 60326.33
Horizontal component, Ph = Ka *( w *h^2)/2*cos α
= 0.33*((18000*(6.766^2)/2)*Cos 26.34)) 2.26 274805.18
Total (ƩMO) 274805.18
Total (ƩV) 370676.33 Total (ƩM) 500813.20

〖𝐹� _𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔=Ʃ𝑀_𝑅/Ʃ
𝑀_𝑜 〗 _
FS overturning = 775618.38 / 274805.18
FS overturning = 2.82
FS = 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS = 2 Global factor of safety
FS considered max of IS codes 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
MR>=1.2 MO, ch DL + 1.4 MO, ch IL => 0.9 MR >=1.4 MO, ch IL, As for IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS overturning 2.82> 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS overturning = Safe

_ = 〖 "μ.ƩW" 〗 _ /"P" _𝑎
μ= 0.65 From above

Sum of the horizontal resisting forces(ƩFR)= 310350
〖 Ʃ𝐹_𝑑=�_𝑎∗((𝑊∗ℎ^2)/2) 〗
_
ƩFd = 0.33 * ((18000 * 6.766^2)/2)

ƩFd = 135962.90532 m
Therefore, FS Sliding =310350 / 135962.90532
FS Sliding = 1.48
FS = 1.5 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS = 1.5 Global factor of safety
FS considered max of IS codes 1.55 As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2
1.4 = μ.( 0.9ƩW)/Pa
FS Sliding = Un-Safe

〖� =Ʃ𝑀/Ʃ�
〗_
z = 500813.2 / 370676.33
z= 1.351 m
bbase/6 = 0.653 m
(𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒/2−�)
Eccentricity (e) = 0.609 m
No tension in base, hence safe

( 1+ 〖 6𝑒/𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗 )
w 310350 N
SBC>Pmax, hence safe against subsidence
( 1− 〖 6𝑒/𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗 )
W 310350 N
Minimum pressure at the base, Pmin 5372 N/m²
tension.
Pmin>0, hence no tension in base and the structure is safe
5372 N/m²
81430
152970 N/m² 104021 N/m²
152970 N/m²

Rankine's formula
〖� _�=(��/ϒ)∗["1− sin Ø" /"1+ sin
Ø" ]^2 〗 _ =(��/ϒ)∗�_𝑎^2
Depth of foundation, Df 1.21 m

Proposed depth of foundation, Df 0.6 m
Passive force at the toe without key is given by
〖� _(𝑝 ) 〗 _ =0.5∗ϓ_2∗�^2 �_p+2∗c_2∗D∗K_p^(1/2)
Unit weight of soil in front of the heel

18000 N/m³
and under the base slab, ϓ₂ =
Rankine passive earth pressure
coefficient, Kp = 3.00
Cohesion, c₂ = 1.00
Depth foundation below GL, D =
Therefore,
Pp =0.5*18000*3*D² + 2*1*D*1.73 = 27000 * D² …...1
For equilibrium,
〖� _(𝑝 ) 〗 _ +𝜇.𝑊=𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜� �𝑎�𝑒𝑡� ∗ 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖�𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔

�𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Therefore,
Pp = Factor of safety x Horizontal driving force - μ.W
〖𝐹� _�𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔=(Ʃ𝐹_𝑅
)/(Ʃ𝐹_𝑑 ) 〗 _
FS Sliding = μ.ƩW/Pa
μ= 0.65
ƩW = 370676.33
Pa = 135962.90532
Factor of safety Sliding = 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
Pp = 30986.19614 ……2
The depth assumed below GL is to increased to obtain safe.

Equating 1 & 2
D2= 1.147
D= 1.071
Hence,
Proposed depth of foundation, Df = 0.6 m
�𝑀_(�𝑡𝑎𝑚(𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑝))= 〖� _𝑎∗𝑊 〗 _�
∗𝐻^3/6
BMsteam(due to lep) =0.33*18000*(5.6)^3/6
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending
9 N/mm²
(σcbc)
j = 1 - k/3 0.916
R = 0.5 x σcbc x j x k 0.986
Equating MR to BM
= 0.986 x 1000 x d ^2 = 173860 x 1000
d= 420 mm
Effective depth available 550 mm >420 mm Hence safe
Distribution steel
Design of Base slab

Minimum pressure at the base Pmin = 5372 N/m² From Above
Thickness of base slab 600 mm From Above
Toe slab

Hence,
Bending moment of toe slab per metre ru 102903.13 N-m
Area of steel required for maximum ben 743.12 mm²
Heel slab

Deduct for Upward pressure abih, = 5372 10852.07 1.01 10960.59
ghi, = 1/2 x 2.02 x 76057.69 76818.2669 0.67 51724.30
Hence,
Bending Moment of heel slab per metre r 151536.11 N-m
Area of Steel required for Maximum be 1094 mm²
Distribution steel
Curtaiment of bars
Ast2 1256 mm²
No. of 20mm diameter bars 3.99l No.

h^2 12.5 m
h 3.5 m From top
Design of base key

Total horizontal pressure 751219.80
Limiting friction 240939.61
Unbalenced horizontal forces 510280.19 >0
Shear key is to be provided
Therefore shear key is to be provided to resist a force of 510280.19 Nm
Bearing strensm of soil for horizontal loading = 0.7 * SBC for vertical loading
140 kN/m²
Let the height of key be "y"
140000 * y = 510280.19
So, provide a key of 650 mm
B.M. for the key = 1.66E+08 Nmm

Equating the movement of resistance to the bending movement,
0.986 x 1000 x d ^2 = 1.66E+08 Nmm
d= 410.12 mm not ok
Minimum thickness of key = 300 mm
Effective depth available = d = 300 mm
Provide Dia 16mm @90mm spacing

Input
Cohesion (c1) 0
Cohesion (c2) 0
Properties of steel
concrete in bending
cbcst) 275 N/mm²
Direct loads
Live load 0 N/m²
Required height of retainwall 5000 mm Considerd above ground level
Height of stem 5000 mm

Proposed depth of foundation, Df 1m (Calculated below)
Total height of retaining wall, H = hagl + Df 6m

〖� _𝑎="cos α" ∗(("cos α" −√( 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 ^2
^2 "α" − 〖𝑐𝑜�〗 ^2 "Ø" ))) 〗 _
〖� _𝑎="1− sin When α = 0

Ø" /"1+ sin Ø" 〗 _


Rankine's formula 〖� _�=(��/ϒ)∗["1− sin Ø" /"1+ sin
Ø" ]^2 〗 _ =(��/ϒ)∗�_𝑎^2
Depth of foundation, Df 1.21

Proposed depth of foundation, Df 1m
Propose retaining wall diagram
retain wall
Stem height
Base thickness
total height
stem thickness(Top)
Base width
Earthfill
Heel length
Tow length
Surcharge load

Load due to
Weight of block 1 (Ws1)
37500 1.45 54375
58800 1.96 115248
0 1.3 0
18750 1.7 31875
Soil pressure
Weight on block 1
= 2.02 x 5 x 18000 181800 2.91 529038
Weight on block 2
= 5 x 0.3 x 18000 13500 mm 1.8 24300
Live Load
= 1.3 x 0 0 0.65 0
Total (ƩFR) 310350 Total (ƩMR) 754836
=ka*((w*h^3)/6) = 0.33 * ((18000 * 5.6^3)/6) 173859.84
Total (ƩMO) 173859.84
Total (ƩV) 310350 Total (ƩM) 580976.16

〖𝐹� _𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔=(Ʃ𝑀_𝑅)
/(Ʃ𝑀_𝑜 ) 〗 _

FS overturning = 754836 / 173859.84
FS overturning =
4.34
FS = 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS considered max of two IS codes 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
MR>=1.2 MO, ch DL + 1.4 MO, ch IL As for IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
0.9 MR >=1.4 MO, ch IL
Therefore
FS overturning > 2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
4.34 >2
FS against overturning = ƩMR / ƩMo '4.34 > 2' As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS overturning = Safe

_ = 〖 "μ.ƩW" 〗 _ /"P" _𝑎
μ= 0.65 From above

Sum of the horizontal resisting forces(ƩFR) 310350
〖 Ʃ𝐹_𝑑=�_𝑎∗((𝑊∗ℎ^2)/2) 〗
_
ƩFd = 0.33 * ((18000 * 5.6^2)/2)

ƩFd = 93139.2 m
Therefore, FS Sliding = 310350 / 93139.2
FS Sliding = 2.17
FS = 1.5 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997
FS considered max of two IS codes 1.55 As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2
1.4 = μ.( 0.9ƩW)/Pa
FS Sliding = Safe

〖� =Ʃ𝑀/Ʃ�
〗_
z = 580976.16 / 310350
z= 1.872 m
bbase/6 = 0.653 m
(𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒/2−�)
Eccentricity (e) = ###

No tension in base, hence safe

( 1+ 〖 6𝑒/𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗 )
w 310350 N
Eccentricity, e ###
( 1− 〖 6𝑒/𝑏_𝑏𝑎�𝑒 〗 )
W 310350 N
Eccentricity, e ###
Minimum pressure at the base, Pmin 68507 N/m²
tension.
Pmin>0, hence no tension in base and the structure is safe
68507 N/m²
79497
89835 N/m² 82762 N/m²
89835 N/m²
Stem design
�𝑀_(�𝑡𝑎𝑚(𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑝))= 𝑊_� ∗𝐻^3/6
∗((1−�𝑖𝑛(𝜑))/(1+�𝑖𝑛(𝜑)))
BMsteam(due to lep) =18000*(5.6)^3/6*((1-SIN(0))/(1+SIN(0)))
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending (σcbc) 9 N/mm²
j = 1 - k/3 0.916
R = 0.5 x σcbc x j x k 0.986
Equating MR to BM
= 0.986 x 1000 x d ^2 = 526848 x 1000
d= 731 mm
Effective depth available 550 mm >731 mm Redesign
Distribution steel
Design of Base slab

Minimum pressure at the base Pmin = 68507 N/m² From Above
Toe slab

Hence,
Bending moment of toe slab per metre run of wall 61258.53 N-m
Area of steel required for maximum bending moment = Ast 442.38 mm²
Heel slab

Deduct for Upward pressure abih, = 6850 138384.30 1.01 139768.14
ghi, = 1/2 x 2.02 x 10989.92 11099.8192 0.67 7473.88
Hence,
Bending Moment of heel slab per metre run of wall 66978.98 N-m
Area of Steel required for Maximum bending moment = As 484 mm²
Distribution steel
Curtaiment of bars
Ast2 3805 mm²
No. of 20mm diameter bars 12.11l No.

h^2 19.2 m
h1 4.4 m From top

h^2 0.3 m
h2 0.6 m From top
Design of base key

Total horizontal pressure 260789.76
Limiting friction 201727.5
Unbalenced horizontal forces 59062 >0
Shear key is to be provided
Therefore shear key is to be provided to resist a force of 59062 Nm
Bearing strensm of soil for horizontal loading = 0.7 * SBC for vertical loading
140 kN/m²
Let the height of key be "y"
140000 * y = 59062
So, provide a key of 650 mm
B.M. for the key = 1.92E+07 Nmm

Equating the movement of resistance to the bending movement,
0.986 x 1000 x d ^2 = 1.92E+07 Nmm
d= 139.53 mm ok
Minimum thickness of key = 300 mm
Effective depth available = d = 250 mm
Provide Dia 16mm @300mm spacing
Summery
S.no Item Value
5 Cohesion (c1) 0
11 Cohesion (c2) 0
17 Permissible compressive stress in concrete in 8.5 N/mm²
V Direct loads
20 Live load 0
26 Stem
1 Top width 300 mm
3 Height 5000 mm
27 Toe slab
1 Length 1300 mm
2 Thickness 600 mm
28 Heel slab
1 Length 2020 mm
2 Thickness 600 mm
Check list
1 Condition 1 152969.52 <=200000
OK
Pmin>0, hence no tension in base and the
2 Condition 2 5372.31 >0 structure is safe OK
3 Condition 3 2.82 >=2 FS overturning =Safe OK
4 Condition 4 1.48 >=1.55 FS Sliding =Un-Safe X
5 Condition 5 0.609 <=0.653 No tension in base, hence safe OK
6 Condition 6 171268 >0 Shear key is to be provided X
1 Stem
2 Toe slab
3 Heel slab
4 Curtailement of bars Diameter Height from top No. of bars

Main bars in stem 20 mm 3.5 m 2 No.
X
5.2.8. Check for crack width as per IS 456-2000
5.2.8.1. Chech for crack width for stem of retaining wall
Input
Diameter of Rebar(DR) = 20 mm
Grade of concrete (fck ) = M 25
BM at sevice load(Ms) = 282812 Nm
= 2.8281E+08 N-mm
1.5 x BM = 4.2422E+08 N-mm Since limit state craiteria
cover (Cmin) = 50 mm
Width(b) = 1000 mm
Depth(D) = 600 mm
Area of Steel (Ast) = 1320 mm²
Elastic modulus of steel(Es) = 200000 N/mm²
Total cover (Tc) = 60 mm
Effective depth (d)
= D-Total cover(Tc) = 540 mm
Elastic modulus of concrete

(Ec) = 5000 x√(fck)
= 5000*√(25)
= 25000 N/mm²
Ece = 0.5 * Ec = 12500 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) = Es / Ece
200000/12500
16
I Determination of neutral axis at working loads

we have (𝑏𝑥^2)/2=𝑚∗𝐴_�𝑡∗(𝑑−𝑥)
Eq------(1)
Solving Quadratic Equation
L = 1000
M = 42240
N = -22809600
Therefore, x = 173.62 mm
OR = -131.38 mm
Pick x = 173.62 mm
�_𝑐 =1/3∗((𝑏𝑥^3 )+𝑚∗𝐴_�𝑡∗(𝑑−𝑥)^2
Area of Steel (Ast) = 1320.00
Width(b) = 1000 mm
x = 173.62 mm Solving equation (1)
Effective depth (d) = 540 mm
Modular ratio (m) = 16.00
Ic = ((1/3)*(1000*173.62^3)+16*1320*(540-173.62)^2
= 4579556736 mm⁴
1
Figure shows below strain diagram, strain at any distance x1 below neutral axis is given by
fc/Ec
x = 173.62mm
d-x = 366.38mm
d = 540mm D =600mm
Dia of bar = 20 mm
D-x =426.38mm
b = 1000 fs/Es
Strain Diagram
Strain Ex1 = (Ms*(x1))/(Ece*Ic)

x1 = ?
Ic = 4579556736 mm⁴
Ece = 12500 N/mm²
Ms = 4.2422E+08 N-mm
= (424218000*x₁)/(12500*4579556736.24)
Therefore, Ex1 7.41E-06x₁
Strain at(D-x) = 426.38 mm
Strain Ex1 at(D-x) = 3.16E-03
Strain at(d-x) = 366.38 mm
Strain Ex1 at(d-x) = 2.72E-03
II Determination of crack width (Wcr)

acr a = Total cover-(DR/2) mm
= 60-(20/2) mm
= 50 mm
Since distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
a=D = 600 mm
E1 = E*(d-x)
2.72E-03
Em = E1 - ((b(D-x)(a-x))/(3*Es*Ast*(d-x))
= 0.0027-((1000*(600-173.62)*(600-173.62))
/(3*200000*1320*(540-173.62)))
= 0.0021
Crack width(Wcr) = 3*Cmin*Em
= 3*50*0.0021
= 0.315 mm < 0.2 mm Redesign
Crack width value is = 0.315 < 0.2 mm as per IS 456:2000 clause 43.1 - Redesign
2
III Determination of creak width at point B at bottom corner of the beam
a_𝑐𝑟=√((�_𝑐^2 )+(�_𝑐^2 ) )
−(�_𝑅/2)
Tc = 60 mm
= (√((60^2)+(60^2)))-(20/2)
acr = 74.853 mm
E1 = E*(d-x)
E = 7.41E-06
d = 540 mm
x = 173.62 mm
= 0.000007*366.38
E1 = 0.002715 mm²
𝐸_𝑚=𝐸_1−(((𝑏(�−𝑥)(𝑎−𝑥)))/
((3∗𝐸_�∗𝐴_�𝑡∗(𝑑−𝑥)) ))
E1 = 0.002715 mm²
b = 1000 mm
D = 600 mm
a = 600 mm
x = 173.62 mm
Es = 200000 N/mm²
Ast = 1320 mm²
d = 540 mm
= 0.0027-((1000*(600-173.62)*(600-173.62))
/(3*200000*1320*(540-173.62)))
Em = 0.0020885872
Crack width(Wcr)
𝑊_�𝑟=((3∗𝑎_𝑐𝑟∗𝐸_𝑚)/ 〖 (1+
( ((2∗(𝑎_𝑐𝑟−�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 )))/((�−𝑥) ))) 〗 )
Em = 0.0020885872
acr = 74.853 mm
Cover (Cmin) = 50 mm
D = 600 mm
x = 173.62 mm
= (3*74.85*0.0021)/(1+((2*(74.85-50))/426.38))
Crack width(Wcr) = 0.42 mm < 0.2 mm Redesign
Crack width value is = 0.42 < 0.2 mm as per IS 456:2000 clause 43.1 - Redesign
3
5.2.8. Check for crack width as per IS 456-2000
5.2.8.1. Chech for crack width for base of retainning wall
Input
Grade of concrete (fck ) = M 25
BM at sevice load(Ms) = 146786.24 Nm
= 1.4679E+08 N-mm
1.5 x BM = 2.2018E+08 N-mm Since limit state craiteria
cover (Cmin) = 50 mm
Width(b) = 1000 mm
Depth(D) = 600 mm
Area of Steel (Ast) = 2042 mm²
Elastic modulus of steel(Es) = 200000 N/mm²
Total cover (Tc) = 60 mm
Effective depth (d)
= D-Total cover(Tc) = 540 mm
Elastic modulus of concrete

(Ec) = 5000 x√(fck)
= 5000*√(25)
= 25000 N/mm²
Ece = 0.5 * Ec = 12500 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) = Es / Ece
200000/12500
16
I Determination of neutral axis at working loads

we have (𝑏𝑥^2)/2=𝑚∗𝐴_�𝑡∗(𝑑−𝑥)
Eq------(1)
Solving Quadratic Equation
L = 1000
M = 65354.56
N = -35291462.4
Therefore, x = 223.36 mm
OR = -158 mm
Pick x = 223.36 mm
�_𝑐 =1/3∗((𝑏𝑥^3 )+𝑚∗𝐴_�𝑡∗(𝑑−𝑥)^2
Area of Steel (Ast) = 2042.33
Width(b) = 1000 mm
x = 223.36 mm Solving equation (1)
Effective depth (d) = 540 mm
Modular ratio (m) = 16.00
Ic = ((1/3)*(1000*223.36^3)+16*2042.33*(540-223.36)^2
= 6990706852 mm⁴
1
Figure shows below strain diagram, strain at any distance x1 below neutral axis is given by
fc/Ec
x = 223.36mm
d-x = 316.64mm
d = 540mm D =600mm
Dia of bar = 20 mm
D-x =376.64mm
b = 1000 fs/Es
Strain Diagram
Strain Ex1 = (Ms*(x1))/(Ece*Ic)

x1 = ?
Ic = 6990706852 mm⁴
Ece = 12500 N/mm²
Ms = 2.2018E+08 N-mm
= (220179360*x₁)/(12500*6990706852.19)
Therefore, Ex1 2.52E-06x₁
Strain at(D-x) = 376.64 mm
Strain Ex1 at(D-x) = 9.49E-04
Strain at(d-x) = 316.64 mm
Strain Ex1 at(d-x) = 7.98E-04
II Determination of crack width (Wcr)

acr a = Total cover-(DR/2) mm
= 60-(20/2) mm
= 50 mm
Since distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
a=D = 600 mm
E1 = E*(d-x)
7.98E-04
Em = E1 - ((b(D-x)(a-x))/(3*Es*Ast*(d-x))
= 0.0008-((1000*(600-223.36)*(600-223.36))
/(3*200000*2042.33*(540-223.36)))
= 0.0004
Crack width(Wcr) = 3*Cmin*Em
= 3*50*0.0004
= 0.06 mm < 0.2 mm Hence ok
Crack width value is = 0.06 < 0.2 mm as per IS 456:2000 clause 43.1 - Hence ok
2
III Determination of creak width at point B at bottom corner of the beam
a_𝑐𝑟=√((�_𝑐^2 )+(�_𝑐^2 ) )
−(�_𝑅/2)
Tc = 60 mm
= (√((60^2)+(60^2)))-(20/2)
acr = 74.853 mm
E1 = E*(d-x)
E = 2.52E-06
d = 540 mm
x = 223.36 mm
= 0.000003*316.64
E1 = 0.000798 mm²
𝐸_𝑚=𝐸_1−(((𝑏(�−𝑥)(𝑎−𝑥)))/
((3∗𝐸_�∗𝐴_�𝑡∗(𝑑−𝑥)) ))
E1 = 0.000798 mm²
b = 1000 mm
D = 600 mm
a = 600 mm
x = 223.36 mm
Es = 200000 N/mm²
Ast = 2042 mm²
d = 540 mm
= 0.0008-((1000*(600-223.36)*(600-223.36))
/(3*200000*2042.33*(540-223.36)))
Em = 0.0004322285
Crack width(Wcr)
𝑊_�𝑟=((3∗𝑎_𝑐𝑟∗𝐸_𝑚)/ 〖 (1+
( ((2∗(𝑎_𝑐𝑟−�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 )))/((�−𝑥) ))) 〗 )
Em = 0.0004322285
acr = 74.853 mm
Cover (Cmin) = 50 mm
D = 600 mm
x = 223.36 mm
= (3*74.85*0.0004)/(1+((2*(74.85-50))/376.64))
Crack width(Wcr) = 0.09 mm < 0.2 mm Hence ok
Crack width value is = 0.09 < 0.2 mm as per IS 456:2000 clause 43.1 - Hence ok
3
Wst
300 Sα .
Ws1
h
5000
5000 hagl Ws2
Wc3 Wc1 Wc4 H

5600
1666.67 Wsb
600
600 Df 1300 0 300 2020
0
Wc2 Hb 600
Wb
3920
b a
Summery
S.no Item Value
5 Cohesion (c1) 0
11 Cohesion (c2) 0
17 Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bend 8.5 N/mm²
V Direct loads
20 Live load 0
26 Stem
1 Top width 300 mm
3 Height 5000 mm
27 Toe slab
1 Length 1300 mm
2 Thickness 600 mm
28 Heel slab
1 Length 2020 mm
2 Thickness 600 mm
29 Shear key
1 Height 650 mm
2 Thickness 300 mm
Check list
SBC<Pmax, hence un-safe against
1 Condition 1 219497.33 <=200000 subsidence
Pmin<0, hence tension will be their in the
2 Condition 2 -61155.5 >0 base and the structure is un-safe
3 Condition 3 1.73 >=2 FS overturning =Un-Safe
4 Condition 4 0.91 >=1.55 FS Sliding =Un-Safe
5 Condition 5 1.158 <=0.653 Re-design
6 Condition 6 406400 >0 Shear key is to be provided
1 Stem
2 Toe slab
3 Heel slab
4 Shear kay
Main bars both ways 16 mm 300 mm
5 Curtailement of bars
No. of cuetaied bars 3 No.
Height from top 3.8 m
IS 14458 (part 1) : 1997
IS 14458 (part 2) : 1997

1 Factor of safety againest overturning >2 For static loads
Factor of safety againest overturning >1.5 With earthquake forces
2 Factor of safety againest sliding >1.5 For static loads
Factor of safety againest sliding >1 With earthquake forces
3 maximum base pressure <= qa Allowable bearing capacity
maximum base pressure <= 1.33 qDuring earth-quake
4 Minimum base pressure >0
5 Factor of safety aginest floatation > 1.25
In steep hills
6 FOS for slip surface below foundation >1.5 For static loads
>1 With earthquake/sesimic condition
t/m2 N/m2
100 981000
80 784800
60 588600
40 392400
40 392400
30 294300
30 294300
30 294300
25 245250
15 147150
30 294300
20 196200
15 147150
40 392400
20 196200
5 49050
30 294300
15 147150
5 49050
esimic condition
VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M 25 M 15 M 20 M 25 M 30 M 35
Modular Ratio 10.98 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11
scbc N/mm 2 8.5 5 7 8.5 10 11.5
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
Fe 250 l 140
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 1.474 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994
(Fe 250)
Pc (%) 1.214 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643
Fe 250 h 190
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329
jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
(b) sst =
190
Rc 1.244 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.736 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997
Fe 415 230
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289
(c ) sst = jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904
230
N/mm2 Rc 1.11 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502
(Fe 415)
Pc (%) 0.534 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722
Fe 500 275
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
275 jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916
N/mm2 Rc 0.985 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.391 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53
Permissible shear stress Table t v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M 25 M 15 M 20 M 25 M 30 M 35
< 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2
0.25 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31
0.75 0.36 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37
1.00 0.4 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42
1.25 0.44 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45
1.50 0.46 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49
1.75 0.49 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52
2.00 0.51 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54
2.25 0.53 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56
2.50 0.55 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58
2.75 0.56 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60
3.00 and above 0.57 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62
Shear stress tc Reiforcement %
100As 100As
M-20 M-20
bd bd
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30
0.55 0.31
0.56 0.31
0.57 0.31
0.58 0.31
0.59 0.31
0.6 0.32
0.61 0.32
0.62 0.32
0.63 0.32
0.64 0.32
0.65 0.33
0.66 0.33
0.67 0.33
0.68 0.33
0.69 0.33
0.7 0.34
0.71 0.34
0.72 0.34
0.73 0.34
0.74 0.34
0.75 0.35
0.76 0.35
0.77 0.35
0.78 0.35
0.79 0.35
0.8 0.35
0.81 0.35
0.82 0.36
0.83 0.36
0.84 0.36
0.85 0.36
0.86 0.36
0.87 0.36
0.88 0.37
0.89 0.37
0.9 0.37
0.91 0.37
0.92 0.37
0.93 0.37
0.94 0.38
0.95 0.38
0.96 0.38
0.97 0.38
0.98 0.38
0.99 0.38
1.00 0.39
1.01 0.39
1.02 0.39
1.03 0.39
1.04 0.39
1.05 0.39
1.06 0.39
1.07 0.39
1.08 0.4
1.09 0.4
1.10 0.4
1.11 0.4
1.12 0.4
1.13 0.4
1.14 0.4
1.15 0.4
1.16 0.41
1.17 0.41
1.18 0.41
1.19 0.41
1.20 0.41
1.21 0.41
1.22 0.41
1.23 0.41
1.24 0.41
1.25 0.42
1.26 0.42
1.27 0.42
1.28 0.42
1.29 0.42
1.30 0.42
1.31 0.42
1.32 0.42
1.33 0.43
1.34 0.43
1.35 0.43
1.36 0.43
1.37 0.43
1.38 0.43
1.39 0.43
1.40 0.43
1.41 0.44
1.42 0.44
1.43 0.44
1.44 0.44
1.45 0.44
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
1.51 0.45
1.52 0.45
1.53 0.45
1.54 0.45
1.55 0.45
1.56 0.45
1.57 0.45
1.58 0.45
1.59 0.45
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
Permissible direct tensile stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M 40
7.18 Grade of concrete M 25 M 10 M 15 M 20
13 sct.max 3.2 1.2 2.0 2.8
93.33
0.4 Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

0.867 Grade of concrete M 25 M 15 M 20
2.254 tc.max 1.9 1.6 1.8
1.857
0.329
Development Length in tension
0.89
1.903 Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

Grade of concrete
1.127 tbd(N/mm2) kd = Ld F tbd(N/mm2) kd = Ld F
M 25 0.9 39 1.44 40
0.289 M 15 0.6 58 0.96 60
0.904 M 20 0.8 44 1.28 45
1.698 M 25 0.9 39 1.44 40
0.816 M 30 1 35 1.6 36
M 35 1.1 32 1.76 33
0.253 M 40 1.2 29 1.92 30
0.916 M 45 1.3 27 2.08 28
1.506 M 50 1.4 25 2.24 26
0.599
6-2000) Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

ete tv N/mm2 Permission stress in compression (N/mm2)
M 40 Grade of concrete Bending acbc Direct (acc)
0.2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2
0.23 M 25 8.5 850 6 600
0.32 M 10 3.0 300 2.5 250
0.38 M 15 5.0 500 4.0 400
0.42 M 20 7.0 700 5.0 500
0.46 M 25 8.5 850 6.0 600
0.49 M 30 10.0 1000 8.0 800
0.52 M 35 11.5 1150 9.0 900
0.55 M 40 13.0 1300 10.0 1000
0.57 M 45 14.5 1450 11.0 1100
0.60 M 50 16.0 1600 12.0 1200
0.62
0.63
Value of angle
Degree sin Degree cos tan
1 0.017 1 1.000 0.017
1.5 0.026 1.5 1.000 0.262
2 0.035 2 0.999 0.035
2.5 0.044 2.5 0.999 0.044
3 0.052 3 0.999 0.052
3.5 0.061 3.5 0.998 0.061
4 0.070 4 0.998 0.070
4.5 0.078 4.5 0.997 0.079
5 0.087 5 0.996 0.087
5.5 0.096 5.5 0.995 0.096
6 0.104 6 0.995 0.105
6.5 0.113 6.5 0.994 0.114
7 0.122 7 0.993 0.123
7.5 0.131 7.5 0.991 0.132
8 0.139 8 0.990 0.140
8.5 0.148 8.5 0.989 0.149
9 0.156 9 0.988 0.158
9.5 0.165 9.5 0.986 0.168
10 0.174 10 0.985 0.176
10.5 0.182 10.5 0.983 0.185
11 0.191 11 0.981 0.194
11.5 0.199 11.5 0.980 0.203
12 0.208 12 0.978 0.213
12.5 0.819 12.5 0.976 0.839
13 0.225 13 0.974 0.231
13.5 0.233 13.5 0.972 0.240
14 0.242 14 0.970 0.249
14.5 0.250 14.5 0.968 0.259
15 0.259 15 0.966 0.268
15.5 0.259 15.5 0.964 0.269
16 0.276 16 0.961 0.287
16.5 0.284 16.5 0.959 0.296
17 0.292 17 0.956 0.306
17.5 0.301 17.5 0.954 0.315
18 0.309 18 0.951 0.325
18.5 0.317 18.5 0.948 0.335
19 0.326 19 0.946 0.344
19.5 0.334 19.5 0.943 0.354
20 0.342 20 0.940 0.364
20.5 0.350 20.5 0.937 0.374
21 0.358 21 0.934 0.384
21.5 0.367 21.5 0.930 0.394
22 0.375 22 0.927 0.404
22.5 0.383 22.5 0.924 0.414
23 0.391 23 0.921 0.424
23.5 0.399 23.5 0.917 0.435
24 0.407 24 0.924 0.440
24.5 0.415 24.5 0.910 0.456
25 0.422 25 0.906 0.466
25.5 0.431 25.5 0.905 0.476
26 0.438 26 0.898 0.488
26.5 0.446 26.5 0.895 0.499
27 0.454 27 0.891 0.510
27.5 0.462 27.5 0.887 0.521
28 0.469 28 0.883 0.532
28.5 0.477 28.5 0.879 0.543
29 0.485 29 0.875 0.554
29.5 0.492 29.5 0.870 0.566
30 0.500 30 0.866 0.577
30.5 0.508 30.5 0.862 0.589
31 0.515 31 0.857 0.601
31.5 0.522 31.5 0.853 0.613
32 0.530 32 0.848 0.625
32.5 0.537 32.5 0.843 0.637
33 0.545 33 0.839 0.649
33.5 0.552 33.5 0.834 0.662
34 0.559 34 0.829 0.675
34.5 0.566 34.5 0.834 0.679
35 0.573 35 0.819 0.700
35.5 0.581 35.5 0.814 0.713
36 0.588 36 0.809 0.726
36.5 0.595 36.5 0.804 0.740
37 0.602 37 0.799 0.754
37.5 0.609 37.5 0.793 0.767
38 0.616 38 0.788 0.781
38.5 0.623 38.5 0.783 0.795
39 0.629 39 0.777 0.810
39.5 0.636 39.5 0.772 0.824
40 0.643 40 0.766 0.839
40.5 0.649 40.5 0.760 0.854
41 0.656 41 0.755 0.869
41.5 0.663 41.5 0.749 0.885
42 0.669 42 0.743 0.900
42.5 0.676 42.5 0.737 0.916
43 0.682 43 0.731 0.933
43.5 0.688 43.5 0.725 0.949
44 0.695 44 0.719 0.966
44.5 0.701 44.5 0.713 0.983
45 0.707 45 0.707 1.000
45.5 0.713 45.5 0.701 1.018
46 0.719 46 0.695 1.036
46.5 0.725 46.5 0.688 1.054
47 0.731 47 0.682 1.072
47.5 0.737 47.5 0.676 1.091
48 0.742 48 0.669 1.109
48.5 0.749 48.5 0.663 1.130
49 0.755 49 0.656 1.150
49.5 0.760 49.5 0.649 1.171
50 0.766 50 0.643 1.192
50.5 0.772 50.5 0.636 1.213
51 0.777 51 0.629 1.235
51.5 0.786 51.5 0.623 1.262
52 0.788 52 0.616 1.280
52.5 0.793 52.5 0.609 1.303
53 0.799 53 0.602 1.327
53.5 0.804 53.5 0.595 1.351
54 0.809 54 0.588 1.376
54.5 0.814 54.5 0.581 1.402
55 0.819 55 0.574 1.428
55.5 0.824 55.5 0.566 1.455
56 0.829 56 0.559 1.483
56.5 0.834 56.5 0.552 1.511
57 0.839 57 0.545 1.540
57.5 0.843 57.5 0.537 1.570
58 0.848 58 0.530 1.600
58.5 0.853 58.5 0.522 1.632
59 0.857 59 0.515 1.664
59.5 0.862 59.5 0.508 1.698
60 0.866 60 0.500 1.732
60.5 0.870 60.5 0.492 1.767
61 0.875 61 0.485 1.804
61.5 0.879 61.5 0.477 1.842
62 0.883 62 0.470 1.880
62.5 0.887 62.5 0.462 1.921
63 0.891 63 0.454 1.963
63.5 0.895 63.5 0.446 2.006
64 0.899 64 0.438 2.051
64.5 0.903 64.5 0.431 2.097
65 0.906 65 0.423 2.145
65.5 0.910 65.5 0.415 2.195
66 0.914 66 0.407 2.246
66.5 0.917 66.5 0.399 2.300
67 0.921 67 0.391 2.356
67.5 0.924 67.5 0.383 2.414
68 0.927 68 0.375 2.475
68.5 0.930 68.5 0.819 1.136
69 0.934 69 0.358 2.605
69.5 0.937 69.5 0.350 2.674
70 0.940 70 0.342 2.747
70.5 0.943 70.5 0.556 1.696
71 0.946 71 0.326 2.904
71.5 0.948 71.5 0.317 2.989
72 0.951 72 0.309 3.078
72.5 0.954 72.5 0.301 3.172
73 0.956 73 0.292 3.271
73.5 0.959 73.5 0.284 3.376
74 0.961 74 0.276 3.488
74.5 0.964 74.5 0.267 3.606
75 0.966 75 0.259 3.732
75.5 0.968 75.5 0.250 3.868
76 0.970 76 0.242 4.011
76.5 0.982 76.5 0.233 4.209
77 0.974 77 0.225 4.332
77.5 0.976 77.5 0.216 4.511
78 0.978 78 0.208 4.705
78.5 0.980 78.5 0.199 4.915
79 0.982 79 0.191 5.145
79.5 0.983 79.5 0.182 5.396
80 0.985 80 0.174 5.673
80.5 0.986 80.5 0.165 5.977
81 0.988 81 0.156 6.315
81.5 0.989 81.5 0.148 6.691
82 0.999 82 0.139 7.178
82.5 0.991 82.5 0.131 7.597
83 0.993 83 0.122 8.145
83.5 0.994 83.5 0.113 8.777
84 0.995 84 0.105 9.517
84.5 0.995 84.5 0.096 10.389
85 0.996 85 0.087 11.431
85.5 0.997 85.5 0.078 12.716
86 0.998 86 0.070 14.302
86.5 0.998 86.5 0.061 16.362
87 0.999 87 0.052 19.083
87.5 0.999 87.5 0.044 22.913
88 0.999 88 0.035 28.637
88.5 1.000 88.5 0.026 38.299
89 0.9998 89 0.017 57.295
89.5 0.9999 89.5 0.009 114.931
90 1.000 90 0.000 1.000
without heel
nsile stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
with surcharge load
M 25 M 30 M 35 M 40 without heel
3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 without surcharge load
without tow
with surcharge load
ess tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M 25 M 30 M 35 M 40
1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5
IS 1893 (Part 1) : Table 2

Table 2 Zone Factor, Z
Seismic Seismic
S.No. Z
zone Intensity
2 III Moderate 0.16
1 II Low 0.1
2 III Moderate 0.16
3 IV Severe 0.24
Very
4 V 0.36
Severe
4 Fe 500 275
1 Fe 250/140 140
2 Fe 250/190 190
3 Fe 415 230
4 Fe 500 275
crete (IS : 456-2000)

Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2) in kg/m2
0.9 90
-- --
0.6 60
0.8 80
0.9 90
1.0 100
1.1 110
1.2 120
1.3 130
1.4 140
cot
57.295
56.300
28.644
22.913
19.083
16.362
14.311
12.707
11.437
10.385
9.563
8.777
8.149
7.597
7.119
6.691
6.315
5.963
5.673
5.396
5.142
4.915
4.704
1.192
4.332
4.166
4.011
3.867
3.732
3.723
3.488
3.376
3.272
3.172
3.078
2.989
2.905
2.824
2.747
2.674
2.605
2.539
2.475
2.414
2.356
2.300
2.271
2.194
2.148
2.103
2.049
2.006
1.963
1.921
1.881
1.842
1.804
1.767
1.732
1.698
1.664
1.632
1.600
1.570
1.540
1.511
1.483
1.473
1.429
1.402
1.377
1.351
1.327
1.303
1.280
1.257
1.235
1.213
1.191
1.171
1.150
1.130
1.111
1.091
1.072
1.054
1.036
1.018
1.000
0.983
0.966
0.949
0.933
0.916
0.902
0.885
0.869
0.854
0.839
0.824
0.810
0.792
0.781
0.767
0.754
0.740
0.727
0.713
0.700
0.687
0.675
0.662
0.649
0.637
0.625
0.613
0.601
0.589
0.577
0.566
0.554
0.543
0.532
0.521
0.510
0.498
0.488
0.477
0.466
0.456
0.445
0.435
0.424
0.414
0.404
0.880
0.384
0.374
0.364
0.590
0.344
0.335
0.325
0.315
0.306
0.296
0.287
0.277
0.268
0.259
0.249
0.238
0.231
0.222
0.213
0.203
0.194
0.185
0.176
0.167
0.158
0.149
0.139
0.132
0.123
0.114
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.079
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000
without heel 0 0.7
with surcharge load 0 0.7
without heel 0 0.7
without surcharge load 0.5 0.6
without tow 0.5 0.6
with surcharge load 0 0.7
Wst
300 Sα .
Ws1
h
5000
5000 hagl Ws2
Wc3 Wc1 Wc4 H

5600
1666.67 Wsb
600
600 Df 1300 0 300 2020
0
Wc2 Hb 600
Wb
3920
b a

Gravity Wall (RCC) R0 (27!11!2017) 5m For Testing

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Properties of soil -1 (Back fill material) Design X

Annexures - I, page - 1/81 . Beaver infra consultants Pvt, Ltd,.

Depth of foundation below GL

As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2 As per IS:14458 (part 2) :1997

Check against sliding

Shear key design ok

1 Factor of safety againest overturning >2 For static loads

Annexures - I, page - 2/81 . Beaver infra consultants Pvt, Ltd,.

Annexures - I, page - 3/81 . Beaver infra consultants Pvt, Ltd,.

General cantilever diagram

Wc3 Wc1 Wc4 hr H

Length of tow should be 1/3rd of base length

Length of base should be 0.7H i.e., 3920

Annexures - I, page - 4/81 . Beaver infra consultants Pvt, Ltd,.

Annexures - I, page - 5/81 . Beaver infra consultants Pvt, Ltd,.

Annexures - I, page - 6/81 . Beaver infra consultants Pvt, Ltd,.

Coifficient of active earth pressure for soil-1 (Ka1)

〖� _𝑎="1− sin When α = 0

Active earth pressure for soil-1, Ka1 0.5368 When φ1 = 30 & α= 0

Coifficient of active and passive earth pressure for soil-2 (Ka2)

Proposed retaining wall diagram

Height of surcharge load

Toatal height of earth load

Check against overturning

Check against sliding

μ= 0.65 From above

ƩFd = 0.5368 * ((18000 * 6.766^2)/2)

FS Sliding = 0.91 >1.55 As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2

Check against subsidence

Eccentricity (e) = 1.158 <=0.653 = bbase/6

Maximum pressure at the base

Minimum pressure at the base

Base pressure diagram

Depth of foundation below GL

Depth of foundation, Df 3.2 m

〖� _(𝑝 ) 〗 _ =0.5∗ϓ_2∗�^2 �_p+2∗c_2∗D∗K_p^(1/2)

Unit weight of soil in front of the heel

〖� _(𝑝 ) 〗 _ +𝜇.𝑊=𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜� �𝑎�𝑒𝑡� ∗ 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖�𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔

The depth assumed below GL is to increased to obtain safe.

Design of Base slab

Magnitude of Distance from Moment about 'c'

Magnitude of Distance from Moment about 'b'

Total 7 no. 20 dia (3 bars curtailed @ 3800 mm from top.

Total no. of bars 7 No.

4 Curtailement of bars Diameter Height from top No. of bars

Coifficient of active earth pressure for soil-1 (Ka1)

〖� _𝑎="1− sin When α = 0

Active earth pressure for soil-1, Ka1 0.33 When φ1 = 30 & α= 0

Coifficient of active and passive earth pressure for soil-2 (Ka2)

Proposed retaining wall diagram

Height of surcharge load

Toatal height of earth load

Check against overturning

Check against sliding

μ= 0.65 From above

ƩFd = 0.33 * ((18000 * 6.766^2)/2)

FS Sliding = 1.48 >1.55 As per IS:456:2000 Clause 20.2

Check against subsidence

Eccentricity (e) = 0.609 <=0.653 = bbase/6

No tension in base, hence safe

Maximum pressure at the base

Strain Ex1 = (Ms(x1))/(EceIc)

Strain Ex1 = (Ms(x1))/(EceIc)