SYSTEMATIC ORGANIC ANALYSIS (MICRO SCALE)

(
Sl no EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
1 Colour and appearance of the a)Colourless solid. a)May be a ketone or carboxylic acid
substance are noted. b) a liquid b) May be aniline or phenol or
aldehyde.
2 Smell of the substance noted. a)Phenolic smell. a) May be phenol
b) Fishy smell. b)May be aniline
c) Smell of bitter almond c) May be aldehyde

IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP

1 To a little of the substance a)Brisk effervescence are formed. a)Presence of carboxylic acid.
sodium bicarbonate solution is b) No Brisk effervescence are b)Absence of carboxylic acid.
added formed

2 To a little of the substance in a)Substance got dissolved . a)Presence of aniline

test tube, Dil HCl is added B) No characteristic observation. b)Absence of aniline.

3 To a little of the substance a) A violet colouration . A)Presence of phenol.

neutral ferric chloride solution B) No characteristic observation b) Absence of phenol.
is is added .

4 A little of the subsatnce a)Yellowish orange precipitate is A)Presence of Aldehyde or Ketone

treated with Borsches reagent. obtained.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS

1 CARBOXYLIC ACID
Ester Formation: A little of the Pleasant fruity smell observed. Presence of carboxylic acid
acid mixed with ethanol and confirmed.
few drops of conc sulphuric
acid in a (micro)test tube. It is
gently heated and poured into
diluted sodiumcarbonate
solution.

2 ANILINE
Diazotisation: A few drops of A brilliant red dye is formed. Presence of aniline confirmed.
aniline treated withDi HCl and
sodium nitrite solution. To this
alkaline beta naphthol
solution added.

3 PHENOL
Liebermann’s Reaction: A little
of melted phenol treated with
a little sodium nitrite and
Sulphuric acid .
A deep red solution is obtained Presence of phenol confirmed.
which turned green or blue with
excess alkali.

4 ALDEHYDE/ KETONE: To a A) A pink colour observed. A)Presence of Aldehyde confirmed.

drop of aldehyde/KETONE, B) No pink colour observed. B)Presence of Ketone.confirmed
Schiff’s reagent is added.