MPLS Deployment Chapter 1 - Basic1

Muhammad Syarifuddin, CCNA, CCNP, NRS-1
http://id.linkedin.com/in/syarifuddin
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a
mechanism in high-performance
telecommunications networks that directs data
from one network node to the next based on
short path labels rather than long network
addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a
routing table. The labels identify virtual links
(paths) between distant nodes rather than
endpoints. MPLS can encapsulate packets of
various network protocols. MPLS supports a
range of access technologies, including T1/E1,
ATM, Frame Relay, and DSL.
 In 1996 a group from Ipsilon Networks proposed a
"flow management protocol". Their "IP Switching"
technology, which was defined only to work over ATM,
did not achieve market dominance. Cisco Systems
introduced a related proposal, not restricted to ATM
transmission, called "Tag Switching". It was a Cisco
proprietary proposal, and was renamed "Label
Switching". It was handed over to the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) for open
standardization. The IETF work involved proposals
from other vendors, and development of a consensus
protocol that combined features from several vendors'
work.
MPLS brings the following benefits to IP networks:
› Improved up-time – By providing alternative network paths
› Improved bandwidth utilization – By allowing for multiple traffic
types to traverse the network
› Reduced network congestion – By utilizing optional paths for
traffic to avoid congestion
› Improved end user experience – By allowing multiple Classes of
Service to different types of traffic such as VOIP
› Traffic engineering - the ability to set the path that traffic will
take through the network and the ability to set performance
characteristics for a class of traffic.
› Layer 2 transport - new standards allow service providers to carry
Layer 2 services including Ethernet, Frame Relay and ATM over an
IP/MPLS core
 Beside of its benefits, MPLS have several
issues :
 The carrier has to play a role in configuration
of the overall network.
 MPLS network does not offer any inherent data
protection and improper implementation can
open your network to vulnerabilities.
 Possibilities to “peek up” end user traffic from
Service Provider Network
 Label switching through label path
P
P
CE
CE
PE P PE
P
CE P router digunakan di sisi backbone,

PE router digunakan di sisi ujung (edge) yang
Label Path
memberikan service ke CE,
CE adalah end user. CE dapat berupa router, server,
telco equipment (bsc, rnc, msc/mgw, bts, radio), dll.
• Label swapping networking technology that forwards packets
over multiple, underlying layer 2 media.
• Integrates layer 2 switching and layer 3 routing by linking the layer 2
infrastructure with layer 3 routing characteristics.
• Layer 3 routing occurs only at the edge of the network, and layer 2
switching takes over in the MPLS core.
PE P P PE
CE Label Path CE
IP IP label IP label IP label IP
IP Forwarding LABEL SWITCHING IP Forwarding

Ethernet PPP
‘Shim’ Label(s)
MPLS ‘Shim’ Headers (1-n)

n ••• 1
Layer 2 Header Network Layer Header
(eg. PPP, 802.3) and Packet (eg. IP)
4 Octets
Label Stack TTL
Label Exp. S
Entry Format
Label: Label Value, 20 bits (0-15 reserved)
Packet-based encoding Exp.: Experimental, 3 bits (Class of Service)
S: Bottom of Stack, 1 bit (1 = last entry in label stack)
TTL: Time to Live, 8 bits
› Push
– Push the first label on the packet or
– Push a label on existing label stack
– For IP packets, set the TTL value of the label to the value
in the IP packet
› Pop
– Remove the top label from the packet
– Copy the TTL value of the label to the TTL value of the IP
Packet
Swap (applies to LSR only)

 Combination of POP and PUSH operation
 Copy the TTL value from incoming label to new label after
decrementing it
LSR LSR
LER LER
LSP
IP1 IP1
IP1 #L1 IP1 #L2 IP1 #L3
IP2 #L1 IP2 #L2 IP2 #L3
IP2 IP2
Packets are destined for different address prefixes, but can be
mapped to common path
• FEC = “A subset of packets that are all treated the same way by a router”
• The concept of FECs provides for a great deal of flexibility and scalability
• In conventional routing, a packet is assigned to a FEC at each hop (i.e. L3
look-up), in MPLS it is only done once at the network ingress.
 Label protocols in MPLS were divided in three
items:
◦ LSP (Label Switched Patch)
 Is static label distribution that need to be created
manually in P & PE Routers.
◦ LDP (Label Distribution Protocol)
 Dynamic protocol that automatically generates label
path between Routers
◦ RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocols)
 Provide better reroute time failure
› All Routers are configured manually with labels
› No signaling is required
Int Label Int Label

Dest In In Out Out
47.1 3 123 4 456

Int Label Int
Dest In Out Out
123 3 4 Int Label Int
47.1 - 123 2 456 Dest In In Out
123
47.1 5 456 -
2 456
1
47.1
5
• Secondary Path LSPs can be:
• Standby (preconfigured)
• Signaled and set up upon failure of the primary LSP
ESR ESR
ESR
LSP Secondary
ESR
Path (Non-Fate or
Core Router
Sharing ) ESR
Hello REQ
LSP Primary Hello ACK ESR
Path Refresh
PATH
RESV
Refresh
ESR
ESR
• When Primary Path Fails
• The first secondary path becomes active
• Attempts are made to restore primary path (retry timer)
• Software will revert back to primary when it recovers
ESR ESR
ESR
LSP Secondary
ESR
Path (Non-Fate or
Core Router
Sharing ) ESR
Hello REQ
LSP Primary ESR
Path PATH
Hello REQ
RESV
ERR ERR
ESR
ESR
Difficult to quickly restore connectivity using
traditional IP protocols because:
Failures are not detecting quickly
Takes time to compute an alternate route
Takes time to signal an alternate LSP and update
forwarding tables
Protected
R4 LSP
R2
R1 R3
R6 R9
R7 R5
R8
Protected LSP: R1>R2>R3>R4>R5

R1’s backup: R1>R6>R7>R8>R3
R2’s backup: R2>R7>R8>R4
R3’s backup: R3>R8>R9>R5
R4’s backup: R4>R9>R5
R4
R8 R2
R1 R3
R9
R6 R5
R7
Protected LSP 1: R1>R2>R3>R4>R5

Protected LSP 2: R8>R2>R3>R4
Protected LSP 3: R2>R3>R4>R9
Bypass LSP Tunnel: R2>R6>R7>R4
 One of several standardised label distribution
protocol
 draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-09.txt
 A set of procedures and messages to distribute
mappings between labels and FECs
 Two LSRs which use LDP to exchange
label/FEC mapping information are known as
"LDP Peers"
 Peers exchange LDP messages
 Uses TLV encoded message structure
 Discovery messages
 Used to discover and maintain the presence of new peers
 Hello packets (UDP) sent to all-routers-in-subnet multicast
address
 Once neighbor is discovered, the LDP session is established
over TCP
 Runs over UDP port number 646
 Session messages
 Establish, maintain and terminate LDP sessions
 Runs over TCP port number 646
 Advertisement messages
 Create, modify, delete label mappings
 Notification messages
 Error signalling
Alternative to MPLS /RSVP-TE signaling to obtain routing labels.
RTM RTM RTM RTM

Route x use 1.1.1.2 Route x use label 1 Route x use label 7 Route x use label 9
NTW NTW NTW NTW NTW NTW
SR-A SR-B SR-C SR-D

1 Form an Adjacency Form an Adjacency Form an Adjacency
2
Maintain LDP session Maintain LDP session Maintain LDP session
3 Use label 1 to reach x Use label 7 to reach x Use label 9 to reach x

NTW
Network Link RTM = route mapping
 RSVP uses two message types for resource reservation
◦ Sender sends PATH message towards receiver indicating characteristics of the traffic
 Each Router along the path makes note of the traffic type
◦ Receiver sends RESV message back towards sender
 Each Router reserves the resources requested (if available) for the micro-flow
◦ Path Refresh and RESV Refresh messages are sent periodically
Resv Error
Path Error
Path Tear
3 4 ResV Tear
Path Refresh
ResV Refresh
Path: 30.30.30.1 2
1
Path: 30.30.30.1
ResV: 10.10.10.1
ILER 5 ResV: 10.10.10.1
Resv Conf
ELER
 RSVP-TE has extensions to support operation with MPLS:
◦ Provide the mechanism to setup an explicitly routed LSP that could
differ from the normal path calculated by the IGP.
◦ Perform downstream on demand label allocation, distribution, and
binding among LSRs in the path, thus establishing path state in
network nodes.
◦ Optionally provide resource reservations (bandwidth) along the path to
meet the requirements of the traffic flow.
◦ Provide users information about the actual path traversed by the LSP.
◦ LSP preemption based on administrative policy control.
◦ Loop detection and avoidance during the initial LSP set-up and
rerouting an existing LSP.
◦ Monitor and maintain the state of an explicitly routed LSP
 RSVP Refresh Reduction
◦ PATH Refresh and RESV Refresh are sent out for each
LSP
◦ Multiple messages are bundled into a single
message to reduce network overhead
◦ Each bundled message contains Multiple Message-
ids of the associated PATH and RESV messages for
which the state needs to be refreshed
› RSVP Failure Detection
› Hello Message exchanged between neighbors
› Enables failure detection in milliseconds
ESR ESR
ESR
Hot Standby Detour

ESR
Secondary LSP or
Core Router
ESR
Primary LSP
Hello REQ
ESR
Hello ACK
ESR
ESR
 Study Case, General Requirement :
 Customer requested to use Cisco Router as the platform.
 To keep compatibility with non-Cisco devices,routing
protocol that will be used is OSPF.
 Label Protocol = LDP.
 Every region has different OSPF area to keep ospf
calculation locally. Area 0 for backbone PR, area 1 for
jakarta, area 2 for east java, and area 3 for borneo.
 Ring topology will be used for P router. From jakarta1 –
jakarta2 - surabaya1 - banjarmasin1 – jakarta1.
 To keep redundancy, there will be 2 P router in jakarta that
will serve as master & backup.
 2 P routers in jakarta were connected to 5 PE (2
jakarta, 1 bekasi, 1 bogor, 1 tangerang), 1 P
surabaya connected to 3 PE (1 surabaya, 1
malang, 1 madiun), 1 P banjarmasin connected
with 1 PE in the same place.
 Due to services that will be delivered from
PEJKTKPI01 & PEJKTKPI02 were critical, to provide
redundancy, PEJKTKPI01 have direct link to
PEJKTKPI02
 PRJKTKPI01, PRJKTKPI02, PEJKTKPI01, PEJKTKPI02
were placed in same room
 East Java Area were designed to use ring
topology with distribution point to P surabaya.
P surabaya – PE surabaya – PE malang – PE
madiun – P surabaya.
 For Borneo area, there is only 1 P & 1 PE. We
create 2 interface point to point for
redundancy
Device Ip Loopback
PRJKTKPI01 10.0.0.1/32 Loopback IP is used to stabilize
PRJKTKPI02 10.0.0.2/32
OSPF, BGP, MPLS LDP,
PEJKTKPI01 10.0.0.3/32
PEJKTKPI02 10.0.0.4/32 and many router processes
PEBTNTGR01 10.0.0.5/32
PEJBRBKS01 10.0.0.6/32
PEJBRBGR01 10.0.0.7/32
PRJTMSBY01 10.0.0.8/32
PEJTMSBY01 10.0.0.9/32
PEJTBMLG01 10.0.0.10/32
PEJTMMDN01 10.0.0.11/32
PRKALBJM01 10.0.0.12/32
PEKALBJM01 10.0.0.13/32
Loopback IP Design
Banjarmasin
10.10.40.2/30
Area 3 Kalimantan
PEKALBJM01
10.0.0.13/32
10.10.40.6/30
10.10.40.1/30
Banjarmasin
10.10.40.5/30
Surabaya
10.10.10.10/30
/ 30
0.1 0.13
10.1 10 Surabaya 10.10.30.2/30
PRKALBJM01 .10 10.10.30.5/30
.10 10.10.30.1/30
10.0.0.12/32 .9/
3 0
PEJTMSBY01
Area 0 CORE 10.0.0.9/32
10.10.30.6/30
/ 30
10.10.10.14/30 . 1 0.6 PRJTMSBY01 Area 2 Jatim
. 10
10 10.0.0.8/32 Malang
10.10.20.5/30 10.10.30.14/30
.5/ 3 0
10.10.10.1/30 0.10 10.10.30.9/30
10.10.10.2/30 10.1 PEJTMMLG01
10.10.20.1/30 10.10.20.18/30
10.0.0.10/32
PRJKTKPI01 Jakarta 10.10.20.22/30
10.0.0.1/32 10.10.30.13/30 10.10.30.10/30
Jakarta PRJKTKPI02
10.0.0.2/32 PEJTMMDN01
10.10.20.25/30
10.10.20.2/30 10.0.0.11/32
Madiun
10.10.20.26/30 10.10.20.21/30
PEJKTKPI01
10.0.0.3/32
Jakarta PEJKTKPI02
10.0.0.4/32
Jakarta
Area 1 Jakarta
10.10.20.6/30
10.10.20.17/30
10.10.20.9/30
10.10.20.10/30 10.10.20.13/30 10.10.20.14/30
PEBTNTGR01
PEJBRBGR01 PEJBRBKS01 Project : MPLS Core Network
10.0.0.5/32
Tangerang 10.0.0.7/32 10.0.0.6/32 Revision : 4 Design by : Muhammad Syarifuddin
Bogor Bekasi
Banjarmasin
10.10.10.10/30
0 .1 3/30
0 .1
10.1 10
PRKALBJM01 . 10 Surabaya
.10
10.0.0.12/32 .9/
3 0
Area 0 CORE
. 6/ 30
10.10.10.14/30
0.10 PRJTMSBY01
. 1
10 10.0.0.8/32
0
10.10.10.1/30 0. 1 0.5/3
10. 1
10.10.10.2/30
PRJKTKPI01 Jakarta
10.0.0.1/32
Jakarta PRJKTKPI02
10.0.0.2/32
10.10.20.5/30
10.10.10.1/30
10.10.10.2/30
10.10.20.1/30 10.10.20.18/30
PRJKTKPI01 Jakarta 10.10.20.22/30
10.0.0.1/32
Jakarta PRJKTKPI02
10.0.0.2/32
10.10.20.25/30
10.10.20.2/30
10.10.20.26/30 10.10.20.21/30
PEJKTKPI01
10.0.0.3/32
Jakarta PEJKTKPI02
10.0.0.4/32
Jakarta
Area 1 Jakarta
10.10.20.6/30
10.10.20.17/30
10.10.20.9/30
10.10.20.10/30 10.10.20.13/30 10.10.20.14/30
PEBTNTGR01
10.0.0.5/32 PEJBRBGR01 PEJBRBKS01
Tangerang 10.0.0.7/32 10.0.0.6/32
Bogor Bekasi
Surabaya
Surabaya 10.10.30.2/30
10.10.30.5/30
10.10.30.1/30
PEJTMSBY01
10.0.0.9/32
10.10.30.6/30
PRJTMSBY01 Area 2 Jatim
10.0.0.8/32 Malang
10.10.30.14/30
10.10.30.9/30
PEJTMMLG01
10.0.0.10/32
10.10.30.13/30 10.10.30.10/30
PEJTMMDN01
10.0.0.11/32
Madiun
Banjarmasin
10.10.40.2/30
Area 3 Kalimantan
PEKALBJM01
10.0.0.13/32
10.10.40.6/30
10.10.40.1/30
Banjarmasin
10.10.40.5/30
PRKALBJM01
10.0.0.12/32
Loopback0 10.0.0.1/32
PRJKTKPI01
Fa1/0 To PRJKTKPI02 Fa1/0 10.10.10.1/30 PRJKTKPI02 Fa1/0 10.10.10.2/30

Fa1/1 To PRKALBJM01 Fa1/3 10.10.10.14/30 PRKALBJM01 Fa1/3 10.10.10.13/30
Fa1/2 To PEJKTKPI01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.1/30 PEJKTKPI01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.2/30
Fa1/3 To PEBTNTGR01 Fa1/0 10.10.20.5/30 PEBTNTGR01 Fa1/0 10.10.20.6/30
Loopback0 10.0.0.2/32
PRJKTKPI02

Fa1/1 To PRJTMSBY01 Fa1/3 10.10.10.5/30 PRJTMSBY01 Fa1/3 10.10.10.6/30
Fa1/3 To PEJBRBKS01 Fa1/0 10.10.20.18/30 PEJBRBKS01 Fa1/0 10.10.20.17/30
PEJKTKPI01
Loopback0 10.0.0.3/32
PEJKTKPI02
Loopback0 10.0.0.4/32
PEBTNTGR01
Loopback0 10.0.0.5/32
Fa1/1 To PEJBRBGR01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.9/30 PEJBRBGR01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.10/30
PEJBRBKS01
Loopback0 10.0.0.6/32
Fa1/1 To PEJBRBGR01 Fa1/0 10.10.20.14/30 PEJBRBGR01 Fa1/0 10.10.20.13/30
PEJBRBGR01
Loopback0 10.0.0.7/32
Fa1/0 To PEJBRBKS01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.13/30 PEJBRBKS01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.14/30
Fa1/1 To PEBTNTGR01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.10/30 PEBTNTGR01 Fa1/1 10.10.20.9/30
Loopback0 10.0.0.8/32
PRJTMSBY01

Surabaya
Fa1/2 To PEJTMSBY01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.1/30 PEJTMSBY01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.2/30

Fa1/3 To PEJTMMDN01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.14/30 PEJTMMDN01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.13/30
PEJTMSBY01
Loopback0 10.0.0.9/32
Fa1/1 To PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.5/30 PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.6/30

PEJTMMLG01
Malang
Loopback0 10.0.0.10/32
Fa1/0 To PEJTMSBY01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.6/30 PEJTMSBY01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.5/30
Fa1/1 To PEJTMMDN01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.9/30 PEJTMMDN01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.10/30

PEJTMMDN01
Madiun
Loopback0 10.0.0.11/32
Fa1/1 To PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.10/30 PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.19/30

Loopback0 10.0.0.12/32
PRKALBJM01

Banjarmasin
Fa1/2 To PEKALBJM01 Fa1/0 10.10.40.1/30 PEKALBJM01 Fa1/0 10.10.40.2/30

Fa1/3 To PEKALBJM01 Fa1/1 10.10.40.5/30 PEKALBJM01 Fa1/1 10.10.40.6/30
PEKALBJM01
Loopback0 10.0.0.13/32

 For implementation, we will use GNS3 to
simulate Cisco MPLS Router. And then we can
deploy from the Simulator to Real Devices.
 Step by step GNS3 Installation:

 Download GNS3 windows version at
www.gns3.net, choose all in one package.
 Install GNS3
 Attach IOS in GNS3, from menu - edit – IOS
images & hypervisor.
 *we will use Cisco Router 2691 version
 Point browser to : www.gns3.net
 Install GNS3, use default parameter and follow
the installshield wizard.
 There are 2 steps that needs to be done
before you can use GNS3 :
 1. Configure and test dynamips, emulation
software that will run cisco IOS
 2. Add IOS to the GNS3 directory
 Usually if we use
the all-in-one
package, there is
no need to
configure
dynamips, but
just in case if we
install the
standalone
package, then we
can setup from
menu edit -
preferences
 Second step is add IOS images to GNS3, can
be accessed from Menu – Edit – IOS images
and hypervisors.
 Click image file, and then point it to your IOS
images, set the platform, model, and RAM.
 One of the problem when using GNS3 is, our
PC/Laptop will be forced to run many routers
at a time. In fact, our PC/Laptop doesn’t have
resources to provide the router feature and
specification. But in this case, GNS3 has
provide idle-pc feature that can barely reduce
processor load when running router
simulation..
 After you create GNS3 topology based on
design, try to run one of the Router, by using
right click, and then click Start.
 After the router is running, the router
interface color will changed to green. The next
step, right click, choose Idle PC.
 And then GNS3 will calculate the best idle-pc
that fits for you. After calculation finish,
choose one of the dropdown list. Choose the
best value, marked by star sign (*), if no star
sign exist, try one by one until you find good
one. And the task manager processes will be
so much reduced.
 After you finish setup idle-pc, re-check
processor utilization by opening the task-
manager.
Before and After

 VPCS is virtual PC simulator that emulates pc in
the GNS3, with VPCS we can save lot of resources
than using router/vm-ware based virtual pc.
 With VPCS, we can do standard troubleshooting
like ping, and traceroute.
 VPCS can be downloaded at :
http://sourceforge.net/projects/vpcs/
 Simple VPCS tutorial can be found at :
http://rednectar.net/gns3-workbench/vpcs-
tutorial/
 After you download VPCS, put it on the
d:\vpcs folder to make it easy to access the
file.
 To connect VPCS to GNS3, you need to create
new symbol through menu-edit-Symbol
Manager
 On the left pane, click computer, and then
click right arrow, on the right top field, fill PC
on the name, and choose Cloud for the type.
Click Apply and OK.
3
2
1
4
 Drag the new PC icon to the topology, right
click, and choose configure
 On the NIO UDP tab, fill the local port and
remote port, leave the remote host to default
127.0.0.1, and then click add.
 Each NIO UDP local port/remote port represent
the VPCS number.
 VPCS can support 9 virtual PCs to accomodate
your needs
 Please note below numbering :
 30000 -> vpcs number 1
 ---
 To connect VPCS to Router, click on add link
menu in GNS3, choose manual interface, point
it to the desired router interface, and then
connect it to vpcs nio udp as described in
picture below.
 You can open command prompt, point to the
vpcs folder, and run vpcs program. Because
we use nio udp 30000, we should press 1
(one) in vpcs to enter virtual pc number 1
 Press ? to see all available commands.
 Its time to configure our routers, by right click
on the router, click console.
 Type “enable” to enter privileged mode, and
then “configure terminal” to enter global
configuration mode.
 Every router has different configuration, and
don’t forget to setup the loopback IP Address
PRJKTKPI01: PRJKTKPI02: PEJKTKPI01:
hostname PRJKTKPI01 hostname PRJKTKPI02 hostname PEJKTKPI01
interface Loopback0 interface Loopback0 interface Loopback0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.255
! ! !
interface FastEthernet0/0 interface FastEthernet0/0 interface FastEthernet0/0
description to PRJKTKPI02 f0/0 description to PRJKTKPI01 f0/0 description to PEJKTKPI02 f0/0
speed 100 speed 100 speed 100
full-duplex full-duplex full-duplex
! ! !
description to PRKALBJM01 f0/1 description to PRJTMSBY01 f0/1 description to PRJKTKPI01 f1/0
! !
interface FastEthernet1/0 interface FastEthernet1/0 PEJKTKPI02:
description to PEJKTKPI01 f0/1 description to PEJKTKPI02 f0/1 hostname PEJKTKPI02
no switchport no switchport interface Loopback0
duplex full duplex full !
speed 100 speed 100 interface FastEthernet0/0
! ! description PEJKTKPI01 f0/0
interface FastEthernet1/1 interface FastEthernet1/1 ip address 10.10.20.26 255.255.255.252
description to PEBTNTGR01 f0/0 description PEJBRBKS01 f0/0 speed 100
no switchport no switchport full-duplex
ip address 10.10.20.5 255.255.255.252 ip address 10.10.20.18 255.255.255.252 !
duplex full duplex full interface FastEthernet0/1
speed 100 speed 100 description PRJKTKPI02 f1/0
! ! ip address 10.10.20.21 255.255.255.252
speed 100
full-duplex
PEBTNTGR01: PEJBRBGR01: PEJBRBKS01:
hostname PEBTNTGR01 hostname PEJBRBGR01 hostname PEJBRBKS01
interface Loopback0 interface Loopback0 interface Loopback0
! ! !
description to PRJKTKPI01 f1/1 description to PEJBRBKS01 f0/1 description to PRJKTKPI02 f1/1
! ! !
description to PEJBRBGR01 f0/1 description to PEBTNTGR01 f0/1 description to PEJBRBGR01 f0/0
! ! !
PRJTMSBY01: PEJTMSBY01:
hostname PRJTMSBY01 hostname PEJTMSBY01
interface Loopback0 interface Loopback0
ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.255 ip address 10.0.0.9 255.255.255.255
! !
interface FastEthernet0/0 interface FastEthernet0/0
description to PRKALBJM01 f0/0 description to PRJTMSBY01 f1/0
speed 100 speed 100
full-duplex full-duplex
! !
description to PRJKTKPI02 f0/1 description to PEJTMMLG01 f0/0
speed 100 speed 100
! !
interface FastEthernet1/0
description to PEJTMSBY01 f0/0
no switchport
ip address 10.10.30.1 255.255.255.252
duplex full
speed 100
!
description to PEJTMMDN01 f0/0
no switchport
ip address 10.10.30.14 255.255.255.252
duplex full
speed 100
!
PEJTMMLG01: PEJTMMDN01:
hostname PEJTMMLG01 hostname PEJTMMDN01
! !
description to PEJTMSBY01 f0/1 description to PRJTMSBY01 f1/1
speed 100 speed 100
! !
description to PEJTMMDN01 f0/1 description to PEJTMMLG01 f0/1
speed 100 speed 100
!
PRKALBJM01: PEKALBJM01:
hostname PRKALBJM01 hostname PEKALBJM01
! !
description to PRJTMSBY01 f0/0 description to PRKALBJM01 f1/0
speed 100 speed 100
! !
description to PRJKTKPI01 f0/1 description to PRKALBJM01 f1/1
speed 100 speed 100
!
description to PEKALBJM01 f0/0
no switchport
ip address 10.10.40.1 255.255.255.252
duplex full
speed 100
!
description to PEKALBJM01 f0/1
no switchport
ip address 10.10.40.5 255.255.255.252
duplex full
speed 100
 OK, after finishing interface configuration
setup. Don’t forget to save it by typing: “copy
running-config startup-config”. And then do
verification on each router, following below
procedure. This verification step is a MUST,
otherwise the next step will be failed. Such as
OSPF, MPLS, and MPLS VPN.
 Configuration verification : from privileged
mode, type “show run” check within interface,
make sure configuration were entered
correctly.
 Interface verification: from privileged mode,
type “show ip interface brief”, or “show
interface”, make sure we already setup the IP
Address, and UP, whether by status or
protocol.
 Connectivity verification, do ping to directly
connected neighbor. And make sure all were
giving reply.
 IP routing verification, final step, make sure
loopback IP, and neighbor IP were shown in
routing table. The “C” sign indicate direct
connection to neighbor interface and loopback
interface.
 Format ospf routing can be described below:
 Router>enable
 Router#configure terminal
 Router(config)#router ospf x
 x is the ospf process number
 Router(config-router)#network A.B.C.D W.X.Y.Z area y
ABCD= network address, WXYZ= wildcard mask,y = area
 Router(config-router)#
 Insert all network interfaces IP Address that will be

processed in OSPF process, including the Loopback IP
Address.
PRJKTKPI01: PEJKTKPI02: PEJBRBKS01:
router ospf 10 router ospf 10 router ospf 10
log-adjacency-changes log-adjacency-changes log-adjacency-changes
network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.0.0.4 0.0.0.0 area 1 network 10.0.0.6 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 1 ! !
network 10.10.20.4 0.0.0.3 area 1 PEBTNTGR01: PRJTMSBY01:
! router ospf 10 router ospf 10
PRJKTKPI02: log-adjacency-changes log-adjacency-changes
router ospf 10 network 10.0.0.5 0.0.0.0 area 1 network 10.0.0.8 0.0.0.0 area 0
log-adjacency-changes network 10.10.20.4 0.0.0.3 area 1 network 10.10.10.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 ! network 10.10.30.0 0.0.0.3 area 2
network 10.10.10.4 0.0.0.3 area 0 PEJBRBGR01: network 10.10.30.12 0.0.0.3 area 2
network 10.10.20.20 0.0.0.3 area 1 router ospf 10 !
network 10.10.20.16 0.0.0.3 area 1 log-adjacency-changes PEJTMSBY01:
! network 10.0.0.7 0.0.0.0 area 1 router ospf 10
PEJKTKPI01: network 10.10.20.8 0.0.0.3 area 1 log-adjacency-changes
router ospf 10 network 10.10.20.12 0.0.0.3 area 1 network 10.0.0.9 0.0.0.0 area 2
log-adjacency-changes ! network 10.10.30.0 0.0.0.3 area 2
network 10.0.0.3 0.0.0.0 area 1 network 10.10.30.4 0.0.0.3 area 2
network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 1 !
network 10.10.20.24 0.0.0.3 area 1
!
PEJTMMLG01: PRKALBJM01:
router ospf 10 router ospf 10
log-adjacency-changes log-adjacency-changes
! network 10.10.40.0 0.0.0.3 area 3
PEJTMMDN01: network 10.10.40.4 0.0.0.3 area 3
router ospf 10 !
log-adjacency-changes PEKALBJM01:
network 10.0.0.11 0.0.0.0 area 2 router ospf 10
network 10.10.30.8 0.0.0.3 area 2 log-adjacency-changes
! network 10.10.40.0 0.0.0.3 area 3
network 10.10.40.4 0.0.0.3 area 3
!
 Don’t forget to save the configuration : “copy
running-config startup-config”. Also don’t
forget to do verification on each router. This
verification step is very important.
 First verification is neighbor establishment,
this step is used to check whether the ospf
session between neighbor router already
established or not. Can be done by typing
“show ip ospf neighbor”. Make sure all state is
FULL
 The second step is “show ip ospf interface”, to
verify interface status towards neighbor, from
here we can check the detail status of ospf
process, hello timer, dead timer, wait timer,
process id, and router id from ospf routing
protocol.
 Next type “show ip ospf database”, from here
we can see the link id detail, advertised
routers, sequence, detail of each area,
summary, and so on.
 Last one,
command “show ip
route” in bogor
router
(PEJBRBGR01) were
used to see path
that available from
ospf process.
Next, Chapter 2.
MPLS VPN Services

MPLS Deployment Chapter 1 - Basic1

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Muhammad Syarifuddin, CCNA, CCNP, NRS-1

CE P router digunakan di sisi backbone,

IP IP label IP label IP label IP

IP Forwarding LABEL SWITCHING IP Forwarding

MPLS ‘Shim’ Headers (1-n)

Swap (applies to LSR only)

Int Label Int Label

47.1 3 123 4 456

LSP Primary Hello ACK ESR

LSP Primary ESR

Protected LSP: R1>R2>R3>R4>R5

Protected LSP 1: R1>R2>R3>R4>R5

RTM RTM RTM RTM

NTW NTW NTW NTW NTW NTW

SR-A SR-B SR-C SR-D

3 Use label 1 to reach x Use label 7 to reach x Use label 9 to reach x

Hot Standby Detour

Fa1/0 To PRJKTKPI02 Fa1/0 10.10.10.1/30 PRJKTKPI02 Fa1/0 10.10.10.2/30

Fa1/0 To PRJKTKPI01 Fa1/0 10.10.10.2/30 PRJKTKPI01 Fa1/0 10.10.10.1/30

Fa1/0 To PRKALBJM01 Fa1/2 10.10.10.9/30 PRKALBJM01 Fa1/2 10.10.10.10/30

Fa1/2 To PEJTMSBY01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.1/30 PEJTMSBY01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.2/30

Fa1/1 To PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.5/30 PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/0 10.10.30.6/30

Fa1/1 To PEJTMMDN01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.9/30 PEJTMMDN01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.10/30

Fa1/1 To PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.10/30 PEJTMMLG01 Fa1/1 10.10.30.19/30

Fa1/0 To PRJTMSBY01 Fa1/0 10.10.10.10/30 PRJTMSBY01 Fa1/0 10.10.10.9/30

Fa1/2 To PEKALBJM01 Fa1/0 10.10.40.1/30 PEKALBJM01 Fa1/0 10.10.40.2/30

Fa1/1 To PRKALBJM01 Fa1/3 10.10.40.6/30 PRKALBJM01 Fa1/3 10.10.40.5/30

 Step by step GNS3 Installation:

Before and After

 Insert all network interfaces IP Address that will be

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