Chapter 11

1. Each toe has three interphalangeal joints except for the great toe which has only two.
Ans: False

2. Motions of the toe metacarpophalangeal joints include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Ans: True

3. The only muscle involved in extending all of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four
lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus.
Ans: True

4.
Ans: False

18. The soleus can perform muscular actions only in the sagittal plane.
Ans: True

19. The flexor hallucis longus is innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2).
Ans: True

20. The extensor digitorum longus in innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2).
Ans: False

21. Extensor hallucis longus can perform weak inversion of the foot.
Ans: True

22. Tibialis anterior performs dorsal flexion of the ankle in the sagittal plane.
Ans: True

23. Heel-strike is normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external
rotation,
Ans: True

24. Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in
external rotation
Ans: False

25. Each toe has three phalanxes except for the great toe which has only two.
Ans: True

26. Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg/ankle
and moving medially?
a. tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
b. flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior
c. flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
d. tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus
Ans: c

27. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the tibiofibular joint?
a. syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint
b. joined at both the proximal and the distal tibiofibular joints
c. the interosseus membrane is located around the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support
d. minimal movement occurs at this joint
Ans: c

28. Which of the following is not considered to be a muscular compartment of the lower leg?
a. medial compartment
b. anterior compartment
c. lateral compartment
d. superficial posterior compartment
Ans: a

29. Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?

a. popliteus
b. peroneus tertius
c. flexor hallucis longus
d. plantaris
Ans: b
30. Which of the following statements is not true regarding “shin splints”?
a. not a specific diagnosis
b. attributed to a number of different specific musculotendinous injuries
c. most often involves tibialis posterior, medial soleus, or anterior tibialis
d. may be partially prevented by stretching plantar extensors
Ans: d

31. Which of the following muscles may be palpated on the upper one-half of the posterior aspect of the lower leg?
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. tibialis anterior
d. flexor digitorum longus
Ans: a

32. Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion?

a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. tibialis anterior
d. flexor digitorum longus
Ans: b

33. Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting?
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. tibialis anterior
d. flexor digitorum longus
Ans: a

34. Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes?
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. tibialis anterior
d. flexor digitorum longus
Ans: d

35. Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the four lesser toes when concentrically contracting?
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. tibialis anterior
d. flexor digitorum longus
Ans: d

36. Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the posterior surface of the calcaneus?
a. tibilais posterior
b. soleus
c. tibialis anterior
d. flexor digitorum longus
Ans: b

37. Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
a. flexor hallucis longus
b. peroneus longus
c. peroneus brevis
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: a
38. Which of the following muscles does not perform eversion of the foot?
a. flexor hallucis longus
b. peroneus longus
c. peroneus brevis
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: a

39. Which of the following muscles is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)?
a. flexor hallucis longus
b. peroneus longus
c. peroneus brevis
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: d

40. Which of the following muscles has its origin on the distal third of the anterior fibula?
a. flexor hallucis longus
b. peroneus longus
c. peroneus brevis
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: d

41. Which of the following muscles does not perform plantar flexion?
a. flexor hallucis longus
b. peroneus longus
c. peroneus brevis
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: d

42. Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting?
a. extensor digitorum longus
b. extensor hallucis longus
c. tibialis anterior
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: a

43. Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
a. extensor digitorum longus
b. extensor hallucis longus
c. tibialis anterior
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: b

44. Which of the following muscles can perform inversion of the foot when concentrically contracting?
a. extensor digitorum longus
b. peroneus longus
c. tibialis anterior
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: c

45. Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the 5th metatarsal?
a. extensor digitorum longus
b. extensor hallucis longus
c. tibialis anterior
d. peroneus tertius
Ans: d
46. The “Tom, Dick, and Harry” phrase refers to the ______.
a. tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
b. tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
c. tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
d. tibialis posterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Ans: c

47. Proximal interphalangeal joint motion occurs about the ___ axis.
a. transverse
b. longitudinal
c. sagittal
d. frontal
Ans: d

48. The flexor hallucis longus performs which of the following actions ?
a. great toe flexion
b. transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion
c. ankle plantar flexion
d. all of the above
Ans: d

49. The most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the _____.
a. extensor digitorum longus
b. extensor hallucis longus
c. peroneus tertius
d. tibialis anterior
Ans: d

50. Triceps surae refers to the ____.

a. gastrocnemius and soleus
b. peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius
c. the Tom, Dick & Harry muscles
d. triceps fibularis
Ans: a