Penataan Ulang Spektrum Keahlian PMK

Lampiran 6
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY: THREE LEARNING DOMAINS
1. Bloom’s Taxonomy - Cognitive Domain - (intellect - knowledge - 'think')
An adjusted model of Bloom's Taxonomy (1956) Cognitive Domain was produced by
Anderson & Krathwhol in which the levels five and six (synthesis & evaluation) were
inverted and all the levels became verbs, suggesting that learning is an active process
(Anderson & Krathwohl, A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision
of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, 2001). This is why you will see different
versions of this Cognitive Domain model. While debate continues as to the order of
levels five and six, the revised version is gaining wider acceptance overall.

Cognitive Domain
Category or Behavior Examples of activity to
'level' descriptions be trained, or
demonstration and
evidence to be
measured
1. Remembering
Recall or Multiple-choice test,
recognize recount facts or
information statistics, recall a
process, rules,
definitions; quote law or
procedure
2. Understanding
Understand Explain or interpret
meaning, re-state meaning from a given
data in one's own scenario or statement,
words, interpret, suggest treatment,
extrapolate, reaction or solution to
translate given problem, create
examples or metaphors
3. Applying
Use or apply Put a theory into
'Key words' (verbs
which describe
the activity to be
trained or
measured at each
level)
Arrange, define,
describe, label, list,
memorize,
recognize, relate,
reproduce, select,
state
Explain, reiterate,
reword, critique,
classify,
summarize,
illustrate, translate,
review, report,
discuss, re-write,
estimate, interpret,
theorize,
paraphrase,
reference, example
Use, apply,

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knowledge, put practical effect, discover, manage,

theory into demonstrate, solve a execute, solve,
practice, use problem, manage an produce,
knowledge in activity implement,
response to real construct, change,
circumstances prepare, conduct,
perform, react,
respond, role-play
4. Analyzing
Interpret Identify constituent parts Analyze, break
elements, and functions of a down, catalogue,
organizational process or concept, or compare, quantify,
principles, de-construct a measure, test,
structure, methodology or process, examine,
construction, making qualitative experiment, relate,
internal assessment of graph, diagram,
relationships; elements, relationships, plot, extrapolate,
quality, reliability values and effects; value, divide
of individual measure requirements
components or needs
5. Evaluating
Assess Review strategic options Review, justify,
effectiveness of or plans in terms of assess, present a
whole concepts, efficacy, return on case for, defend,
in relation to investment or cost- report on,
values, outputs, effectiveness, investigate, direct,
efficacy, viability; practicability; assess appraise, argue,
critical thinking, sustainability; perform a project-manage
strategic SWOT analysis in
comparison and relation to alternatives;
review; judgment produce a financial
relating to justification for a
external criteria proposition or venture,
calculate the effects of a
plan or strategy; perform
a detailed risk analysis
with recommendations
and justifications
6. Creating
Develop new Develop plans or Develop, plan,
unique procedures, design build, create,
structures, solutions, integrate design, organize,
systems, models, methods, resources, revise, formulate,
approaches, ideas, parts; create propose, establish,
ideas; creative teams or new assemble,
thinking, approaches, write integrate, re-
operations protocols & arrange, modify
contingencies

2. Bloom’s Taxonomy - Affective Domain - (emotions - attitude - 'feel')

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Bloom's Taxonomy second domain, the Affective Domain, was detailed by Bloom,
Krathwhol and Masia (1964, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Vol. II, The Affective
Domain. Bloom's theory advocates this structure and sequence for developing attitude -
also now commonly expressed in the modern field of personal development as 'beliefs'.
As with the other domains, the Affective Domain detail provides a framework for
teaching, training, assessing and evaluating the effectiveness of training and lesson
design and delivery, and also the retention by and affect upon the learner or trainee.

Affective Domain
Category or Behavior Examples of 'Key words' (verbs
'level' descriptions experience, or which describe the
demonstration and activity to be trained
evidence to be or measured at each
measured level)

1. Receiving Open to Listen to teacher or Ask, listen, focus,

experience, trainer, take interest in attend, take part,
willing to hear session or learning discuss, acknowledge,
experience, take hear, be open to, retain,
notes, turn up, make follow, concentrate,
time for learning read, do, feel
experience,
participate passively
2. Responding React and Participate actively in React, respond, seek
participate group discussion, clarification, interpret,
actively active participation in clarify, provide other
activity, interest in references and
outcomes, examples, contribute,
enthusiasm for action, question, present, cite,
question and probe become animated or
ideas, suggest excited, help team,
interpretation write, perform
3. Valuing Attach values Decide worth and Argue, challenge,
and express relevance of ideas, debate, refute, confront,
personal experiences; accept justify, persuade,
opinions or commit to particular criticize,
stance or action
4. Organizing or Reconcile Qualify and quantify Build, develop,
Conceptualizi internal conflicts; personal views, state formulate, defend,
ng Values develop value personal position and modify, relate, prioritize,
system reasons, state beliefs reconcile, contrast,
arrange, compare
5. Internalizing Adopt belief Self-reliant; behave Act, display, influence,
Values system and consistently with solve, practice,
philosophy personal value set

3. Bloom’s Taxonomy - Psychomotor Domain - (physical - skills - 'do')

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The Psychomotor Domain was established to address skills development relating to the
physical dimensions of accomplishing a task. Because, 'motor' skills extend beyond the
originally traditionally imagined manual and physical skills, always consider using this
domain, even if you think your environment is covered adequately by the Cognitive and
Affective Domains. Whatever the situation, it is likely that the Psychomotor Domain is
significant.
Dave’s Psychomotor Domain
Category or Behavior Examples of activity 'Key words' (verbs
'level' descriptions or demonstration which describe the
and evidence to be activity to be trained
measured or measured at each
level)
1. Imitation Copy action of Watch teacher or Copy, follow, replicate,
another; observe trainer and repeat repeat, adhere,
and replicate action, process or attempt, reproduce,
activity organize, sketch,
duplicate
2. Manipulation Reproduce activity Carry out task from Re-create, build,
from instruction or written or verbal perform, execute,
memory instruction implement, acquire,
conduct, operate

3. Precision Execute skill Perform a task or Demonstrate,

reliably, activity with expertise complete, show,
independent of and to high quality perfect, calibrate,
help, activity is without assistance or control, achieve,
quick, smooth, and instruction; able to accomplish, master,
accurate demonstrate an refine
activity to other
learners
4. Articulation Adapt and integrate Relate and combine Solve, adapt,
expertise to satisfy associated activities combine, coordinate,
a new context or to develop methods revise, integrate,
task to meet varying, adapt, develop,
novel requirements formulate, modify,
master
5. Naturalization Instinctive, Define aim, approach Construct, compose,
effortless, and strategy for use create, design,
unconscious of activities to meet specify, manage,
mastery of activity strategic need invent, project-
and related skills at manage, originate
strategic level

Based on RH Dave's version of the Psychomotor Domain (Developing and Writing

Behavioral Objectives, 1970). The theory was first presented at a Berlin conference 1967,
hence you may see Dave's model attributed to 1967 or 1970).

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