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** For Every additional Point/Concentrated Loads, increase the depth of Beam by 3 to 9 inch.
If Depth reduces, the width should be increased to maintain w.r.t. c/sl area of beam.
##If large span beam is resting on short span beam, then provide same size & steel of large
span beam to short span beam.
=-------------inch
=------------- inch
(Always provide min.2 bars of 12mm dia.tor steel for Tensile steel.)
Intermediate Beams:
=--------------sq.mm
=---------------sq.mm
OR **No.of bars reqd= (Width of Beam in inch XDepth in inch x Span in ft.x10)
=-------------Nos.
2
avjoshi
ER.ATUL V.JOSHI.
‘SINDAGI COMPLEX’, B.E.(CIVIL)MIE.CAT.CE
FLAT NO.B-9,THIRD FLOOR,
OLD EMPLOYMENT CHOWK,
SOLAPUR-413001.
(MAHARASHTRA)
CONTACT:0217-2310508,9823110936
STONE LINTELS:
(Thus for 4ft.Door or Window opening ,we can provide stone lintel of size 3”x5’’ or Wall thk.x5”)
TIMBER BEAMS:
*Max.Bending Moment=(LoadxSpanXSpan)/8=f x z
(Here For Sal Wood f=Safe Comp.Stress=105 kg/sq.cm & for Indian Teak Wood f=100kg/sq.cm)
*No.of bars at top=(Cantilever span in ft.x UDL in KN/sqm.)/(Diam.of top steel in mm)=------nos.
4
avjoshi
ER.ATUL V.JOSHI.
‘SINDAGI COMPLEX’, B.E.(CIVIL)MIE.CAT.CE
FLAT NO.B-9,THIRD FLOOR,
OLD EMPLOYMENT CHOWK,
SOLAPUR-413001.
(MAHARASHTRA)
CONTACT:0217-2310508,9823110936
Eg.No.of Bars at 3ft.cantilever=(3ftx25kn/m)/12mm dia.=6.25 nos.
(Diam.of top steel bar in mmxWidth of Beam in inchx Depth of Beam in inch)
=----------------nos.
(Diam.of bottom steel bar in mmxWidth of Beam in inchx Depth of Beam in inch)
=-----------nos.
=-----------nos.
Stirrups(Rings):
=---------------mm
5
avjoshi
ER.ATUL V.JOSHI.
‘SINDAGI COMPLEX’, B.E.(CIVIL)MIE.CAT.CE
FLAT NO.B-9,THIRD FLOOR,
OLD EMPLOYMENT CHOWK,
SOLAPUR-413001.
(MAHARASHTRA)
CONTACT:0217-2310508,9823110936
OR Diameter of stirrups=(Cantilever span in ft.x UDL in KN/m)/12 =---------------mm
=--------------------inch
Eg.Beam depth reqd. thr’ which cantilever porch of span 6ft.is projected=5 x6ft.=30 inch
6
avjoshi
ER.ATUL V.JOSHI.
‘SINDAGI COMPLEX’, B.E.(CIVIL)MIE.CAT.CE
FLAT NO.B-9,THIRD FLOOR,
OLD EMPLOYMENT CHOWK,
SOLAPUR-413001.
(MAHARASHTRA)
CONTACT:0217-2310508,9823110936
BOTTOM & TOP STEEL :
*No.of bottom bars= (2 x Span of Beam in ft.)+(2 xCant.porch span in ft.)/(Diam.of bar in mm)
=--------------nos.
Eg.Beam with 20ft.span & cant.porch of 10ft. with 20mm bottom bars
Nos.=2x20ft.+2x10ft.cant./20mm=3 nos.
*Diameter of stirrups=[Cantilever porch span in ft.+( Beam span in ft x UDL in KN/m)]/40 =------
=--------mm
##(Note-Generally porch main steel is continued in the beam in a Ring/stirrup shape for reqd.
development length).
PLINTH BEAMS:
(Note: For M20 grade Beams: Each & every increment in Depth of beam by 3inch(75mm)with
same width & min.main steel percentage of 0.90%,increases Moment of Resistance capacity of
Beam by 25 KN-m)
7
avjoshi
ER.ATUL V.JOSHI.
‘SINDAGI COMPLEX’, B.E.(CIVIL)MIE.CAT.CE
FLAT NO.B-9,THIRD FLOOR,
OLD EMPLOYMENT CHOWK,
SOLAPUR-413001.
(MAHARASHTRA)
CONTACT:0217-2310508,9823110936
Eg. For M20 Beam of size 230mm x300 mm with 0.90% steel:Moment of Resistance=57kn-m
And For M20 Beam of size 230mm x375 mm with 0.90% steel: Moment of Resistance=89 kn-m
Eg.For 9inch x12 inch plinth beam,Area of Bottom steel= 3x 9x12=324 sq.mm
Eg. For 12inch x21 inch plinth beam, Area of top steel= 1.5x 129x21=378 sq.mm
(Generally ,same steel area of bottom steel is provided at top to resist upward earth pressure)
Note:Plinth beams should freely rest on ground(or min.6inch (150mm)below g.l. If they are
provided at plinth level, they has to be designed for sagging moments due to downward loads
of brick wall, lofts resting on walls etc.
Notes:
*All Thumb Rules are created on the basis of Experience , Calculations ,Data available from
various books and guidance given by Senior Engineers/Technocrats.
*Thumb Rules are practicable and easy to work out basic/ initial sizes of structural members for
Quantity calibration, estimation and to cross check the safety of structural designs.
*For Big & Complicated structures, actual calculations should be done along with use of these
Thumb Rules.
8
avjoshi
ER.ATUL V.JOSHI.
‘SINDAGI COMPLEX’, B.E.(CIVIL)MIE.CAT.CE
FLAT NO.B-9,THIRD FLOOR,
OLD EMPLOYMENT CHOWK,
SOLAPUR-413001.
(MAHARASHTRA)
CONTACT:0217-2310508,9823110936
*Thumb Rules are invented by considering Factored Load,Wind Pressure,Seismic Forces,
Corrosion of material, Worksmanship &Practical Convenience.
*More suggestions and invention on these Thumb Rules are always welcome.
*Thumb Rules are created by help of SI,MKS,FPS,CGS unit systems therefore sufficient
knowledge of all unit systems are must.
*Adopt sizes & steel for the higher/safer side with thoroughly judgment.
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avjoshi