I

=llnEl=lr
80
PROJECT

tl

Constructional andtechnical
informationon Sinclair
project80 modular
high-fidelityamplifier system.
Contents

lntroduction BA9 S w i t c h e dt u n i n g a n d f i n e t u n e r 15
Section numbering BAlO Common faults t5
M o d u l e sa v a i l a b l e BB Decoder 15
BB1 Circuitdescription 15
Part 1: Complete Systems 4 B82 C i r c u i td i a g r a m t3

AB 25w stereo amplifier using PZ6 and2Z40s A

B83 Componentlayout tb
AB1 Lavout A
B84 Performance 16
AB2 S h o p p i n gl i s ta n d s u p p l i e r s A
BB5 Connections 16
AB3 Notes 4 B86 See Section 86 16
AC A stereo record player with tuner PZSplus 2 Z40s + B87 Tunersother than P80 16
AC1 Lavout 6 B88 Tape recordlng 16
AC2 Shopping list A
B89 C o m m o nf a u l t s 17
AC3 Notes 5 B B 1O Alignment 17
AD A tuner for use with AB o c Control Modules Stereo 80 and AFU
1 1

AD1 Layout 6 Stereo 80 17

AD2 Shopping list and suppliers 6 cA1 Circuitdescription 17
AD3 Notes 6 CM C i r c u i td i a g r a m 17
'18
AE Project 805 6 C43 Layout
1A
AE1 Layout c44 Performance
AT,Z Partslist 6 LA5 Connections 11
AtrJ Notes U c46 Power supply 18
A Additional information on systems 8 AFU 19
A1 M o u n t i n gd e t a i l s I CB1 Description tv
41.1 Preamp,tuner, AFU and decoder I C82 Circuit 19
A1.2 240,260 and PZ8 9 Layout 19
'19
A1.3 PZ5 and PZG 9 C84 Specification
A1 .4 Templates 31 CB5 Connections IY
q
C h o i c eo f c a b i n e t c86 Power supply lv

A3 P o s i t i o n i n go f m o d u l e sa n d w i r i n g 10 c87 Over-rideswitch 19
43.1 P r e a m pa n d A F U , t u n e r a n d d e c o d e r 9 CBB Use with amplifiersother than Project80 20
A5.Z Power amplifier 9 cB10 C o m m o nf a u l t s 20
AJ.J Earth point I D Z.40andZ60 20
A3.4 P o w e rs u p p l y 9 D5 Connections 20
A3.5 M a i n sw i r i n g v D6 Power,output, speakersand heatsinks 21
AJ.O O u t p u tw i r i n g 9 D6.1 Output power 21
q
43.7 I n p u tw i r i n g uo.z Soundlevel zl

A4 Use of other modules 10 D6.3 Loudspeakers L I

44.1 240/260 10 D6.4 Heatsinking 21

A4.2 PZs/PZ6 10 D6.5 P o w e rs u p p l i e r s 21
44.3 PZ8 10 D] Gain 22
A.4.4 Project60 10 D10 C o m m o nf a u l t s
44.5 tc12 10 DA Z.40 z5

44.6 O t h e rm o d u l e s 10 DAl Description

A5 Alterationsand additionsto basic layouts 11 DA2 Circuit
A5.1 Plugsand sockets 11 D43 Layout 22
t\3.2 Headphonesocket 11 D44 Performance 23
A5.3 Power-on indicator 11 DA9 Applications zq

Ab F a u l tf i n d i n g 11 DA9.1 Amplifierfor crystalpickup 24

DB 260 24
P a r t l l : T h e I n d i v i d u aM l odules 13 DB1 Description 24
ZJ
B Tuner and Decoder 13 DB.2 Circuit
t4
B6 Power supply 13 D83 Layout .A
86.1 Decoupling 13 D84 Performance aA
8,6.2 High voltages 13 D88 S w i t c h - o n - s u r gseu p p r e s s i o n
86.3 Low voltages 13 D89 Applications
13 D89.2 Full bridge circuit for 60w zc
B9 Applications
13 DB9.4 DCamplifier 26
89.1 Use with amplifiersother than Project80
13 E Power supplies zo
BA Tuner
'13 E4 Performance lo
BA1 Circuitdescription
t5t\z C i r c u i td i a g r a m 13 EA&EB PZSA PZ6 2t
B43 Component layout 14 tAl P25 27
a1
B44 Performance 14 EB1 PZ6 Description
BA5 Connections 14 cru PZ5
B46 See Section BO 14 EB2 PZ6 Circuit 27
B47 Aerials 14 trAJ P25
8A7.1 Connections 14 E83 P26 Layout 28
8A7.2 Types of aerial 14 EAlEB5 ConnectionsPZ5l6 28
BA8 Tuning indicator 15 EAlE85.1 Mains connections 28
EAIEB5.1.1 F u s ea n ds w i t c h ZI EC4 Performance 29
EA/E85.1 .2 110voperation 27 EC5 Connections 29
EA/E85.2 Output 21 trLO V o l t a g ea d j u s t m e n t 2q
E A I E B 1 0 C o m m o nf a u l t sP Z Sa n dP Z 6 F Other parts 30
EC PZg 28 FA Project805 masterlink 30
EC1 Description 28 FAI Description 30
EC2 Circuit 29 F43 LayouI 30
EC3 Layout 29 Appendix 30
S e r v i c ea n d G u a r a n t e e 30

Apology
We regret that, due to circumstances beyond our control, the layout
and design of this first edition of the Project 80 manual has been
rushed. We apologise for any resulting errors and inconsistencies
but if you have any comments, criticisms or suggestions the author
will be pleased to consider these when the next edition is reprinted.

Introduction
This manual describesProject80 high fidelity modules for the home
constructor. Part One deals with some complete projects for the
home constructor and gives a pictorial layout of each, with a
shopping list and details of some suppliers. Layout AE deals with
Project805 specifically.
T h e b e g i n n e ri s s t r o n g l yr e c o m m e n d e dt o f o l l o w o n e o r o t h e r o f
these projects exactly, but the rest of Part One gives additional
information on complete systems and hints for those who wish to
depart from the suggestedlayouts.
It is not possible to list all the pitfalls that can occur but if
commonsenseis used and the hints are followed, even the complete
beginner will be able to assemblehis project into whatever case or
system he wishes - and he will get excellentresultsfirst time.
W h e n w i r i n g t h e m o d u l e s ,y o u m a y f i n d i t h e l p f u lt o c o l o u r t h e
w i r e s o n o u r l a y o u t s .F o r i n s t a n c e ,y o u c o u l d c o l o u r a l l t h e w i r e s
connected to the power supply + ve in red and say to the -ve in
green.There will then be far lesschance of a mistakewhen wiring.
S e c t i o n4 6 i s a b o u t f a u l t f i n d i n g - j u s t i n c a s e y o u d o m a k e a
m i s t a k e i n a s s e m b l y ,o r s o m e t h i n g g o e s w r o n g . l t i n c l u d e s a
step-by-stepchart which will help you find most likelyfaults.
P a r t T w o o f t h e m a n u a l d e a l s w i t h t h e i n d i v i d u a lm o d u l e s ,
u n i t - b y - u n i t .l t g i v e s c i r c u i t d i a g r a m s ,p e r f o r m a n c ea n d t e c h n i c a l
i n f o r m a t i o n ,a s w e l l a s l i s t i n gm a n y i n t e r e s t i n ga n d u s e f u l a p p l i c a -
t i o n s f o r t h e i n d i v i d u aml odules.
Section numbering
By its very nature, a modular system is flexible - new modules
a r e a n n o u n c e df r o m t i m e t o t i m e . T h i s m a n u a li s t h e r e f o r ep l a n n e d
so that there is a logical place for informationon new modules. The
manual is also laid out so that as far as possibleit is in the order you
want it - the first thing you will want is to assemble your new
system - so the practical projects come first. Only if you are
departingfrom one of these will you need the rest of Part One (with
t h e e x c e p t i o no f S e c t i o nA 1 w h i c h d e a l sw i t h m o u n t i n gt h e m o d u l e s ) .
Part Two is numberedas consistentlyas possibleso that Sections
, hilst B86, CB6, DB6
B A 2 , B B 2 , C A 2 , e t c . a r e a l l c i r c u i td i a g r a m s w
are all information on power supply requirements. Where two
m o d u l e sh a v e c o m m o n i n f o r m a t i o n ,e . g . t u n e r a n d d e c o d e r ,w h i c h
h a v e i d e n t i c a lp o w e r s u p p l y r e q u i r e m e n t sr,a t h e rt h a n i n c l u d et h i s
information twice as 846 and B86, it is included as Section 86
there are no Sections 8,46 or B86.
240 and 260 have much common informationincludedin Sections
D5, D6, D7 and D10. The power supplies PZ5 and PZ6 are very
similarso that common inforrnationon these is included as EAr'EB
when it does not includethe PZ8.
Modules Available
The following list shows all the modules which are available,or
projected,at the time of printing.The modules are grouped into four
sections lettered to coincide with Part ll of the manual: B signal
sources, C preamps and control units, D power amplifiersE power
s u p p l i e sa n d F o t h e r m o d u l e s .
M o d u l e si n g r o u p s B C & D a r e i n t e n d e dt o w o r k f r o m a p o w e r
supply of group E or from any other source of voltages between 25
a n d 3 5 ( s o m e m o d u l e sd o w n t o 1 2 v a n d s o m e u p t o 5 5 v o l t s ) .T h e
power supply should be chosen in conjunctionwith the power
amplifiers:it will also drive whatever preamp modules you choose.
B Signalsources
B A F M ( V H F ) T u n e r i n t e n d e dt o r e c e i v eF M t r a n s m i s s i o n s8, 8 M H z
to 108MHz.
BB Decoder intended to be used in conjunction with the tuner to
convert it to stereoreceotron.
Thesetwo modulescould be installed{with a PZS)to work with an
amplifierother then a project80.
It is also possibleto use the decoder with tuners other than the
proiect80 tuner to convert them to stereo.
C Preampsand control systems
CA Project 80 Preamplifier.A stereo preamp,/controlunit. lt is the
heart of any amplifiermade from project80 modules.
CB Active FilterUnit (AFU). An optional additionto extend the basic
facilitiesof the project 80. lt is intended to improve performance
where old recordsare used, or when cl'reaperturntablesare used.
CC SO Decoder.For quadraphonicsound an SO decoder,two more
power amps and possiblya second power supply are added to the
existingstereo unit. The decoder also has its own tone and volume
controls for the rear channel.The decoderiscovered by a separate
manuat.
D Power amplifiers
DB 260 for all systems up to25W (8 ) or 40 W with 4 . For higher
powers (up to 50W into 15 or 80W into 8 ) two 260's can be used
back-to-back.The full advantageof a 260 over the 240 can only be
realisedwhen using PZ8to power the system.
DA 240 for all systems up to 18W RMS into 4Qspeakers.
E Power supplies
EA PZs suitablefor smallerdomestic situation of 5 + 5W stereo or
1 0 Wm o n o .
EB PZOa higher powered versionfor up to 25W total output (12W +
12W into8 O).
240's will normally be used with PZ5 or P76. Although 260's can
be used, there is no advantageunlessa PZ8 is chosen. PZ5 and PZ6
are both mains operated and \220-240volts) and can be adapted for
110 - 1 2 0 vo o e r a t i o n .
EC PZ8 a high powered voltage stabilizerwith sophisticatedprotec-
tion circuitry built in, and performancetailored to match two 260's
working into BQ, delivery25 + 25V1. The PZ8 can also power other
c o m b i n a t i o n sb u t t h e t o t a l a u d i o o u t p u t s f r o m i t w i l l b e l i m i t e d t o
about 50W (e.g. 50W on mono, or 25 + 25W stereo, or 4 x 12Yz\N
on quadraphonic).
The PZ8 is not mains powered and requiresa separatetransforme
rated at 40V,2A.
F Other parts
FA Masterlink a connecting panel with output and input sockets
fitted.
FC Switch module containinga mains switch and neon indicator.
These two modules are included in the Project 805 which also
contains the Project 80 Preamplifier2 240's and PZ5 with ready
tagged wires to allow solderlessassembly.Project 805 is covered in
lavout EA.
 AB 1 PZ6/Z40layout

Part1: CompleteSystems
AB 25w stereoamplifierusingPZG
AB2 Shopping list AB3 Notes
2 Z.40
Project80 Preamplifier l. T h e Z 4 0 s a r e m o u n t e d o n h e a t s i n k b l o c k s a s s h o w n i n Iia
A F U( o p t i o n a l ) 4 1 . 2 . T h e n u t s a n d b o l t s i n d i c a t e da b o v e a s s u m e t h a t t h e
PZ6lor PZ5) b l o c k h a s 6 8 4 t a p p e d h o l e s - i f y o u u s e n u t a n d bolt
C a b i n e t ,m e t a l ,1 9 " x 6 " x 2 " a p p r o x f a s t e n i n gf o r t h e b l o c k s y o u w i l l n e e d 8 l e s s % " s c r e w s a n o
"
3 5 p i n 1 8 0 " ( A t y p e ) D I N s o c k e t sa n d p l u g s f o u r e x t r a l s c r e w sa n d n u t s l f o r % " b l o c k ) .
2 2 p i n D I N s p e a k e rs o c k e t sa n d p l u g s 2. T h e b o x i s w i r e d s o t h a t t h e c o m p l e m e n t a r yt u n e r ( S e c t i o n
1 2 pole mains switch (toggle type) AD) plugs into the tuner socket and draws power from the
1 M i n i a t u r ep a n e lm o u n t i n gf u s e h o l d e r amplifier,therefore there is a connection from PZ6 + ve to Pin
1 C a b l ec l a m p ( f o r m a i n sc a b l e ) 4 o n t h e t u n e r s o c k e t t o p r o v i d eh . t . T h i s w i r e s h o u l d o n l y b e
2 H e a t s i n kb l o c k s( f o r 2 4 0 m o u n t i n g ) fitted if a tuner is to be used.
1 R e s i s t o (r 1 2 0 O l w )f o r t u n e r + v e f e e d ( P Z 6o n l v ) ( s e en o r e2 ) The resistorshown in this + ve feed line is not reouiredwhen
"
22 684 x % screws (see note 1) a PZ5 is used.
18 6BA nuts 3. Using a PZ5 instead of the PZ6 will reduce the output power
"
1 6BA % screw (for earth point) (see section E4) but will have little other effect except for a
6 6 8 4 s o l d e rt a g s s l i g h ti n c r e a s ei n h u m l e v e lw h e n u s i n gt h e t u n e r , / d e c o d e r .
1 yd stereo microphonecable
1 y d s t e r e om i c r o p h o n ec a b l e
3 vds assortedcolours flexiblewire
as required:3 core mains cable
S u i t a b l ec a b i n e t sa r e a v a i l a b l ef r o m : H L S m i t h & C o m p a n y
278 EdgwareRoad AC A stereorecordplayer(and
London W2
( P l a i na l u m i n i u mc h a s s i s u , ndrilled) tuner)usingPZs
N S M H C S a l e sL i m i t e d
( N a t i o n aS
l o c i e t yf o r M e n t a l l y AC 2 Shopping list
H a n d i c a p p e dC h i l d r e n ) 2 Z.40
1 7 P e m b r o k eS o u a r e 1 Project 80 Preamplifier
London W24EP 1 Project 80 tuner {
1 Project 80 decoder 1 optional
( A l u m i n i u mc h a s s i sw i t h s l i d e - o nw o o d s u r r o u n d ) 1 PZs
West Hyde Developments 1 P l i n t hw i t h d e c k
Limited 1 1 0 0p F 2 5 V c a p a c i t o r( f o r t u n e r a n d d e c o d e r )
RyefieldCrescent 1 5 pin DIN socket
Northwood Hill 2 2 p i n D I N s p e a k e rs o c k e t
M i d d l e s e xH 4 6 1 N N 1 Coax aerial socket
( B l a c k c a b i n e tw i t h w o o d e n e n d p a n e l sp u n c h e d r e a d y f o r v a r i o u s 1 P a n e lm o u n t i n gf u s e h o l d e r
c o m b i n a t i o n so f m o d u l e s ) 1 d o u b l e p o l e m a i n ss w i t c h
West Hyde can also supply all hardware,etc., to suit their cabinets 1 metre stereo microphone cable
o r y o u r l o c a ls h o p s h o u l db e a b l et o s u p p l ya l l t h e r e q u i r e di t e m s . 3 metres assorted colours flexible wire
 PZS/240 plinth lavout

3 m e t r e s m a i n sc a b l e AC3 Notes
a l u m i n i u mf o i l f o r l i n i n g 1. T h e p l i n t hw e u s e i n t h i s e x a m p l ei s t h e B S R M c D o n a l dA p 1 ,
A
68A 1/q"Screws suitablefor HT70, MP60 and 610 decks. lt measures405 x 370 x
5 68,4 1" screws 88mm approx. When choosing an alternativeplinth make sure
4 68A Yr" spacers it is the same size.
18 684 nuts 2. I n o r d e r t o m i n i m i s eh u m , t h e i n s i d eo f t h e p l i n t h . w h e r e t h e
6 6BA soldertags preamplifier,tuner and decoder fit, should be lined with metal
 foil. Aluminium cooking foil is very suitable. Use a contact
adhesiveto glue a layer insidethe cabinet before drilling.After
drilling remove any burred foil to prevent short circuits. A
soldertag should be placedunder one of the screws used to fix
the preamplifierand a wire run from this screw to the earth
point. This tag will then earth the foil, reducinghum. Make sure
the foil cannot touch onto any of the connectionsor modules:
PVC tape can be used as an insulateranywherethis is possible
- especiallyaround the connections to the 240 (and to the
masterlinkin project AE).
It is also a good idea to glue an areaof foil underneaththe 240's
earth point and wiring. lf this is done it will effectivelyearth the
240 heatsinksto the earth point and the wire shown connected
to these heatsinkscan be omitted.
The PZ6 or B are not advised for plinth mounting because of
difficultiesof heatsinking(seesection D6.3).
AD 3.1 DIN plug wiring

T h e t u n e r b o x c o u l d b e i n c r e a s e di n s i z e t o c o n t a i n a b u i l t - i n
AD A stereotuner(for usewith AB) P Z 6o r 5 , t h i s w i l l r e q u i r ea f u s e ,d o u b l ep o l e s w i t c h e t c .
A
W h e n u s i n g t h e t u n e r , p o w e r e d f r o m a n a m p l i f i e ro t h e r t h a n
AD I Tunerlayout that of sectionAB, hum could be a problemeven with the
1000pFcapacitor.lt may help if the negativeconnection of the
t u n e r i s t a k e n v i a a s e p a r a t ew i r e ( p e r h a p su s i n g P i n 1 o f t h e
socket)to the amplifier'smain earth point.

AE Project805
AE2 PartsList
The following componentsare suppliedin the Project805 - identify
them all before starting assembly:

Item Ouantity Description

1) 1 Masterlink
zl 1 ProjectB0 preamplifier
1 PZ5 power supply
4l 2 240 amplifiers
FI 1 Mains switch unit with wires
W i r e s :i t e m s6 t o 1 3 a r e a l l p a c k e di n o n e b a g
6) 1 G r e e nh a r n e s s( 6 w i r e s , 3 8 0 m mm a x i m u ml e n g t h ,
j o i n e dt o e y e t a g ) f o r e a r t h( - v e ) .
7l 1 Red harness(7 wires, 430mm max, joined to eye
tag)for + ve wiring
8) 2 Y e l l o ww i r e s ( 2 5 5 m ml o n g ) ( P i n s9 o n Z 4 0 st o A
I B on masterlink)
q)
2 V i o l e tw i r e s ( 2 2 0 m m )( P i n s1 4 I 1 5 o n p r e a m pt o
oins 5 on Z40s)
AD2 Shopping list 10) 1 Violet,/yellow/greentwisted,660mm,forpickup
P80tuner connection,masterlinkto Preamplifier.
P80decoder 11) 1 Violet/yellow/green twisted, 460mm, for radio
chassis connection,masterlinkto Preamplifier.
1000pF25V capacitor (see notes) 121 1 Five wires twisted, 460mm long, for tape con-
coax aerial socket nections,masterlinkto preamplifier.
5 pin DIN socket
20cm T5Qcoaxcable 13) Five wires twisted, 355mm, with 2 phono plugs
1
20cm stereo microphone cable a n d 1 0 0 m m p i g t a i l ,f o r p i c k u p c o n n e c t i o n ,d e c k
1 metre assortedcoloursflexiblewire to masterlink.
4 68A %" screws 141 1 Grey 3 core cablefor mains connection,2 metres
4 684 nuts long.
Extrawires: items 15 to 17 are all oacked in one baq.
The supplierslisted in section AB 2 can supply a tuner box to match 5 Y e l l o ww i r e s 1 5 0 m m l o n g . T h e s e a r e f o r s i g n a l
t h e i r a m o l i f i e rb o x . connection between tuner and decoder (1 wire),
d e c o d e ra n d p r e a m p l i f i e (r 2 w i r e s ) , p r e a m p l i f i e r
AD3 Notes and AFU (2 wires), if these extra units are fitted.
1. The tuner takes its power from the amplifier.The interconnect- 16) 3 Green wires 150mm long. These are for earth
ing lead must be wired with a through connection on Pin 4 to connections,decoder to tuner, tuner to preamp-
providethis power. The diagram shows how each plug is to be l i f i e ra n d p r e a m p l i f i etro A F U .
connected on this lead. 17\ 1 Yellow V-shaped wire, 380 + 150mm long, for
2. The 1000sFcapacitorshown should not be needed if the main d e c o u p l i n gc o n n e c t i o r(rE o n m a s t e r l i n kt)o t u n e r
amplifierirses a PZ6 or other stabilizedpower supply. a n d d e c o d e ro i n s2 .

6
 P 805 layout

Blacfi
d \

AE 1.7 Connection detail to Stereo B0

Hardware
18) 4 684 spacers
4 684 % screws
4 6BA flatwashers
4 684 nuts for mounting
4 6BA shakeproof
washers Z4Os
1ql
'19) 3 6 8 A 1 \ h " n y l o ns t u d d i n g I
3 68A fibrewashers I
3 684 nuts ( tormounting turple (L)
3 684 shakeproof washers I preamplifier (M)
201 1 e a c hi t e m sa s 1 9f o r m o u n t i n q ' s w i t u
chnit
211 2 Anglebrackets r
684 %" screws
Red(J)
8 I
8 6 8 , 4n u t ) formounting (a) creen J
8 684 nuts I masterlink
8 68,4 shakeoroofwashers (S)Yellow
t
221 4 Self-tappingscrews lor PZ5 I for red and qreen (R) PurPle
zJl 2 4BA%"screws I h.rn...J.
2 4BA nuts

Lettersand numbers in bracketsreferto connectionsto masterlink.

 @-i I
l -
E E I
-Fr n LI
A E3 . 1

AE3Notes 5. Mains connections.The push-fittags for the PZ5 (the wires are
1. T h e p l i n t h w e u s e i n t h i s e x a m p l ei s t h e W B l f o r t h e S P 2 5 a l r e a d yc o n n e c t e dt o t h e s w i t c h u n i t ) h a v e p i g t a i l st o c o n n e c
M a r k l l l . Y o u c a n u s e a n y s i m i l a rp l i n t h , i n c l u d i n gt h e p l i n t h to the deck mains connections,so that the switch unit operate
u s e di n l a y o u t A C . T h e d i a g r a m sa b o v es h o w s u g g e s t e dp o s i t - d e c k a n d a m p l i f i e r .C o n n e c tt h e s e a s i n s t r u c t e db y t h e d e c k
i o n s f o r t h e W B 1 p l i n t ha n d t h e A P 1 p l i n t h . m a n u f a c t u r e r l.f y o u a r e n o t u s i n g t h e m c u t t h e m o f f c o m -
pletely.
2. l t i s g o o d p r a c t i c et o l i n e t h e i n s i d eo f t h e p l i n t h w i t h f o i l a s
e x p l a i n e dl n A C 3 . 2 .T h e a r e aa r o u n dt h e m a s t e r l i n ks h o u l da l s o 6. Adding tuner, decoder and AFU can be done using the extra
be lined. w i r e s ( i t e m s 1 5 - 1 7 ) .C o n n e c t i o n sf o r t h e s e e x t r a m o d u l e sa r e
3. W i r e l e n g t h si n o u r d r a w i n g h a v e b e e n
'tidied
u p ' s l i g h t l yf o r a s s h o w n i n A B 1 ( A F U ) a n d A C 1 ( t u n e ra n d d e c o d e r ) .P o s i t i v
clarity. lt is, however, important that they are loose - do not s u p p l yw i r e s ( t o p i n 1 ) a r e a l r e a d yi n c l u d e da t t a c h e dt o t h e r e d
twist or tape wires together unless we supply them twisted. narness.
T h e o n l y e x c e p t i o nt o t h i s i s t h a t t h e s p a r ew i r e s o n t h e r e d L Ad justments
harnesscan be twisted and taped together out of the way as we O n c e t h e p r o j e c t i s w o r k i n g , t h e s e n s i t i v i t yo f t h e t a p e i n p u
may be adjusted by means of RV3 and RV4 (see FA3 for
have shown them, or if you prefer, you can cut these spare
positions)to give best results.
wires off completely.
W i t h s o m e h i g h e r o u t p u t m a g n e t i c c a r t r i d g e st h e l i n k s
4. Deck connections.The wire to connect to the deck has phono
p l u g s a n d p u s h - o nc o n n e c t o r ss i n c e d i f f e r e n tm a k e so f d e c k s s h o w n i n f i g . A E 3 7 m a y b e b r o k e nt o g i v e i m p r o v e dm a t c h i n g
have different means of connecting. lf you use the phono
p l u g s ,t h e n c u t t h e ' p i g t a i l s w
'
h i c h a r e n o t u s e do f f . l f y o u u s e
t h e p u s h - f i tc o n n e c t o r s ,t a p e t h e p h o n o p l u g s u p c a r e f u l l ys o
t h e y c a n n o tt o u c h a n y t h i n gi n s i d et h e p l i n t h .

A: Additional informationon
AE 3.7 Detail of breakin p.u. trock
systems.
A1 Mounting Instructions
Al .1. Preamps,tuners and control modules
T h e s ea r e a l l s t y l e di n t h e s a m e w a y a n d t h e f i x i n g o f a l l o f t h e m i s
i d e n t i c a lb, y m e a n so f 1 , 2 o r 3 6 B A s c r e w sw h i c h p a s st h r o u g h t h e
breaks p a n e lt o w h i c h t h e m o d u l e i s f i x e d a n d i n t o t h e r e a r o f t h e m o d u l e
itself.
The panel may be of metal, wood or plastic with very little affect
on the performance,although if a wood or plasticcabinet is used it is
a g o o d i d e at o l i n et h e i n s i d ew i t h f o i l a s d e s c r i b e di n s e c t i o nA C 3 .
It is vitallyimportant,when using metal, to make sure that no part
of the rear of the control module can touch the metal and therefore
some type of insulator must be put between module and metal.
Y o u r l o c a l D I Y s h o p w i l l b e a b l e t o s e l ly o u s o m e v i n y l u p h o l s t e r
m a t e r i aal b o u t 1 o r 2 m m t h i c k - t h i s i s i d e a la s y o u c a n g l u e a l a y e
over the metal after drillingand make holes through it as necessar
You can also use an off cut of formica or other laminate,glue it on
b e f o r ed r i l l i n ga n d u s et h e t e m p l a t et o d r i l lt h r o u g h b o t h .
1
A 7.1 StereoB0mounting
T h e d i a g r a ms h o w s h o w a p r e a m p l i f i eirs m o u n t e d ,n o t e t h e m e t a l
c h a s s i sa n d a ' c a r d ' o f i n s u l a t i o n N . o t e a l s o t h e f i b r e w a s h e r su s e d
b e t w e e nt h e c h a s s i sa n d t h e s t e r e o8 0 w h i c h s t o p b e n d i n g o f t h e
m o d u l ew h e n t h e s c r e w sa r e t i g h t e n e d .T h e s c r e w ss u p p l i e dh a v e a
n u t o n t h e m t o a l l o w f o r d i f f e r e n tt h i c k n e s s e so f p a n e l s .
A 1 . 2 . Z 4 O , 2 . 6 0a n d P Z 8
A l l t h e s em o d u l e sh a v et h e s a m es o r t o f m o u n t i n g ,b y m e a n so f t w o
h o l e si n t h e e d g e o f a b l a c k m e t a l f i n . W h e n t h e m o d u l e i s w o r k i n g
h a r d t h i s f i n c a n g e t v e r y h o t a n d t h e m o u n t i n gm u s t a l l o w t h e h e a t
t o g e t a w a y f r o m t h e m o d u l e ,s o t h e m o u n t i n gi s p a r t i a l l ym e c h a n i c a l
a n d p a r t i a l l yf o r h e a tt r a n s f e r T
. h e m e t a lo n t o w h i c h t h e m o u n t i n gi s
m a d e c o n d u c t st h e h e a t a w a y t h i s i s c a l l e dh e a t s i n k i n g .
t
T h e a m o u n t o f h e a t s i n k i n gn e e d e d i s e n t i r e l y d e p e n d a n t u p o n
( w h a t p o w e r s u p p l y y o u u s e , w h a t s p e a k e r sy o u h a v e a n d a t w h a t
v o l u m el e v e ly o u u s e t h e e q u i p m e n t .
F o r n o r m a l d o m e s t i c l i s t e n i n g ,u s i n g P Z S , y o u w i l l n e e d n o
h e a t s i nk .
i
In our layouts for the PZ6/240 and PZ8/260 systems we use a
m e t a lb l o c k t o p r o v i d ef i r m m o u n t i n ga n d g o o d t h e r m a lc o n d u c t i o n
t h r o u g h t o t h e m e t a l c a b i n e tw h i c h i s t h e h e a t s i n k .
l
A d d i t i o n a ld e t a i l so f h e a t s i n k i n ga r e g i v e n i n s e c t i o n D 6 . 3 .
T h e d i a g r a ms h o w s h o w a 2 6 0 c a n b e m o u n t e do n a h e a t s i n kb l o c k ,
made from 20mm (%") square aluminiumbar. Also shown is a
m e t h o do f m o u n t i n g u s i n g m e t a l s p a c e r s- t h i s d o e s n o t g i v e a n y
A |.2 240 mounting
o
h e a t s l n k i n gs o i s r e a l l yo n l y s u i t a b l ew h e n u s i n ga P Z 5 .W e u s e t h i s
method with Prolect805.
A l t e r n a t e l yt w o 2 6 0 ' s c a n b e m o u n t e do n o n e b l o c k ( t h e Z 4 Oi s a
l i t t l et o o f a t f o r t h i s )a s s h o w n i n f i g . D B 9 . 2 . 3 .
A | . 3 P Z sa n d P Z 6
These modules are mounted by means of screws through the base
o f t h e c a b i n e ta n d t h e h o l e s i n t h e b o t t o m o f t h e p o w e r s u p p l y .
The PZ5and 6 are very heavy items so remember(especiallyif you
h a v e m o u n t e d i t o n t o t h e h a r d b o a r db a s e o f a r e c o r d p l a y e rp l i n t h )
t h a t t h e m o u n t i n gw i l l b r e a k l o o s e i f t h e a m p l i f i e ri s d r o p p e d .
A 1.4Templates
P a g e3 1 c o n t a i n st e m p l a t e sf o r m o u n t i n gt h e m o d u l e s .
A2 Choice of cabinet
Project 80 is very versatile and can be built into many different
c a b i n e t s .M e t a l i s t h e m a t e r i a lw h i c h c a u s e s l e a s t p r o b l e m s b u t
wood or plasticcan be used. With wood (and to a lesserextent with
p l a s t i c )h u m c a n b e a p r o b l e mi f c a r e i s n o t t a k e n .W o o d a n d p l a s t i c
w i l l n o t g i v ea n y h e a t s i n k i n g .
T h e m o d u l e si n t h i s m a n u a l ,i n s o f a r a s c a b i n e t sa r e c o n c e r n e d
c a n b e g r o u p e di n t o t h r e e s e c t i o n s :
Tunerand decoder
P r e a m oa n d A F U
P o w e r a m p l i f i e ra n d s u p p l y
T h r e es e p a r a t ec a b i n e t sc a n b e u s e d f o r t h e t h r e e g r o u p sw i t h n o
problem b u t d o n o t s e p a r a t ew i t h i n t h e g r o u p s - i n p a r t i c u l a
k e e pt h e p o w e r s u p p l yi n t h e b o x w i t h t h e a m p l i f i e r s .
T h e t u n e r a n d d e c o d e ra r e n o t c r i t i c a o l f m o u n t i n gm a t e r i a l sb, u t i f
metal is used a window must be cut to avoid upsetting the
a l i g n m e n tT . hewindow isshownin the template.
I t i s a g o o d i d e a ,i f w o o d o r p l a s t i ci s u s e d f o r t h e t u n e r o r p r e a m p
m o u n t i n g ,t o l i n e t h e i n s i d eo f t h e p a n e l w i t h a l u m i n i u mf o i l , w h i c h
s h o u l d b e e a r t h e d( s e es e c t i o nA C 3 ) . T h i s e a r t h e dm e t a l w i l l h e l p
r e d u c eh u m .
T h e p o w e r a m o l i f i e r ss h o u l d b e m o u n t e d o n m e t a l f o r h e a t -
d i s s i p a t i o nS. e e s e c t i o n s4 3 . 2 . a n d D 6 . 3 .
S e v e r a lc o m m e r c i a l l ya v a i l a b l ec a b i n e t sa r e a v a i l a b l ef o r p r o j e c t
8 0 ,a d d r e s s eos f s u p p l i e r sa r eg i v e n i n s e c t i o nA 8 2 . I n p a r t i c u l a Wr est
H y d e m a r k e tt h r e e c a s e s ,r e a d yp u n c h e df o r c o m b i n a t i o n so f p o w e r
s u p p l i e sa n d a m p l i f i e r s .
C a s e A : f r o n t p a n e l f o r t u n e r , d e c o d e r ,s t e r e o 8 0 a n d A F U w i l l
accept PZB + transformer,or PZS/P26,Z40s or Z60s and,/or
a p r o j e c t8 0 5 w i t h m a s t e r l i n k .
p-)
U
il
0
Case B: front panel for stereo 80 A AFU only but will accept other
c o m b i n a t i o n sa s c a s e A .
CaseC: front panelfor tuner and decoderonly, room for PZ1 or PZ6.
West Hyde can supply a transformerfor the PZ8 and all hardware
f o r t h e a m p l i f i e rc a s e s ,w h i c h w i l l b e r e a d y p u n c h e d .
H o l e si n d i c a t e d $ s h o u l d b e % " ( 3 m m ) d i a m e t e r .T h e l a r g e h o l e
o n t h e s w i t c h u n i t s h o u l d b e 7 o " ( 6 m m ) a n d a l l o t h e r h o l e s* "
( 5 m m ) .S e e p a g e3 1 f o r t e m p l a t e s
A3 Positioning the modules
A3.1. Preamp and AFU, tuner and decoder
The positioningof these will naturallybe determined by the cabinet
which is chosen.
The Stereo 80 is the module which is most used and is the heart of
the system so this will probably be placed centrally,with the other
m o d u l e sa r o u n d i t . ( e . g . t u n e r a n d d e c o d e rt o t h e l e f t , A F U i o t h e
right).
Rememberthat the input wires to these modules are sensitiveto
induced hum so do not place them where these wires will pass near
t o m a i n st r a n s f o r m e ra n d w i r i n g ,o r t o t u r n t a b l em o t o r s ,o r n e a r t h e
outputs of the 240/760.
I n o u r l a y o u t s( A B A A C ) w e k e e p a l l m a i n sw i r i n g i n t h e b a c k
right (or left) hand corner well away from the preamp.
43.2.Z|0 and 260
The two power amplifiersshould be positionedclose to each other
(two can even share the same heatsink block as shown in section
D 8 9 . 2 . 2 . 1 .K e e p t h e m a w a y f r o m t h e i n p u t s o c k e t s , w i r i n g a n d
connectionsto the preamplifier,to avoid interaction.
A3.3. Earth point
A point should be chosen mid-way between the 240's or 260's to
w h i c h a l l e a r t h w i r e s a r e r u n , s e p a r a t e l yP. o s i t i o nt h i s s o t h a t w i r e s
t o t e r m i n a l s1 a n d 2 ( a n d 3 o n 2 6 0 ) o f t h e a m p l i f i e r sa r e n o l o n g e r
t h a n 3 " . S e p a r a t ew i r e s a r e a l s o r u n t o t h e e a r t h p o i n t f r o m :
power suppry -ve
speaker sockets
mains earth
AFU earth
P r e a m p l i f i eera r t h
'double
Do not u p ' o n a n y o f t h e s ew i r e s .
I t i s u s u a l l yc o n v e n i e n t o f o r m t h i s p o i n tf r o m s e v e r a sl o l d e rt a g s , a s
we have, which are screwed down to the chassisfor support (and
t o m a k e e l e c t r i c acl o n n e c t i o nt o t h e c h a s s i s )l.t d o e s n o t h a v et o b e
screwed down but, if it is not, a separatewire should be connected
f r o m i t t o t h e c h a s s i s( o r m e t a l e a r t h i n gf o i l ) .
Note in layout AC we have run a separatewire to earth the metal
heat fins of the Z40s - this of course is not necessaryif a metal
c h a s s i si s u s e d s i n c e e a r t h i n g w i l l t h e n b e d o n e a u t o m a t i c a l l y
throughthe mounting.
A.3.4. Power supply
The P25,6 or 8 will be mounted near to the Z40s or Z60s so that the
positiveand negativewires are not longerthan about 6". This length
i s l e s sc r i t i c a lw i t h t h e P Z Sa n d m o r e w i t h t h e P Z B .I n o u r l a y o u tA C
these wires are about 12" long, which is satisfactorywith PZ5.
The PZSor 6 will also requirepositioningso that the transformeris
k e p t a w a y f r o m i n p u t a n d o t h e rw i r i n g ( o r i t c a n i n d u c e h u m ) a n d s o
t h a t m a i n s w i r e s a n d c o n n e c t i o n sa r e n e a t a n d t o g e t h e r .
The PZ8 is not so critical - the transformercan be mounted some
distancefrom the PZ8 (there are no mains connections on the PZ8
itself).
lf the + ve and -ve wires f rom the power supply are too long it can
cause distortion. lf this occurs then a second point can be chosen,
similarto the earth ooint but isolatedf rom the chassis.A 1000uF 50V
capacitorshould be connected betweenthis H.T. point and the earth
p o i n t , a n d a l l H . T . w i r e s a r e n o w r u n t o t h e H . T . p o i n t i n s t e a do f
direct to the power supply which now connects through a single,
i o n g e rw i r e t o r v € H . T . p o i n t .
A3.5. Mains wires
Mains wiring is potentiallydangerous.lt has 250V present and if by
accidentthis is appliedanywhereother than the correct terminalson
the power supply it will be destructive.
Mains Live (Brown) connects direct to the fuse: the other connect-
ion of the fuse goes through one pole of the on,/off switch to the L
10
connection on the PZ5 or 6 or to the 240 volt input on the PZ8
transformer.
Mains Neutralconnectsthrough the second pole on the switch to N
on the PZ5,/6or to Ov on the transformer primary of the PZ8.
Mains earth (green/yellow) connects direct to the main earth point
i n t h e a m p l i f i e r l. f a t u r n t a b l eo r o t h e r m a i n s p o w e r e d i t e m i s t o b e
used,operatedby the same switch as the Project80, then the mains
w i r e s h o u l db e t a k e n f r o m L a n d N o n t h e P Z S / 6 v i a a s u i t a b l ep l u g
a n d s o c k e t i f r e q u i r e d t. o i t s m a i n s c o n n e c t i o n .
O N N O A C C O U N TM U S T A N Y M A I N S C O N N E C T I O NB E M A D E
T O A N Y O T H E RM O D U L E
B e c a u s eo f t h e h i g h v o l t a g e ,a n d t h e p o s s i b i l i t yo f i n d u c i n gh u m ,
mains wiring is best kept well away from the rest of the amplifier.
Caremust be taken if the mains switch is to be mounted on the front
of the amplifier.see also section A5.3.
43.6. Output wiring
From pin 9 on the 240 orZ60 the output wire corrnects(via a 2000uF
capacitoron the 260 only) to the output socket, and to any
headphonesockets you may have fitted.
lf any of this wiring is anywherenear the input wiring of the
preamplifieo r ,r a n y o t h e r m o d u l e s ,i n t e r a c t i o nc a n o c c u r a s s o m e o f
t h e o u t p u t s i g n a lw i l l t h e n f e e d b a c k t o t h e i n p u t . K e e p o u t p u t w e l l
a w a y f r o m t h e i n p u t a n d a l s ot w i s t t h e o u t p u t e a r t h a n d l i v e l e a d s
together.
A3.7. Input wiring
S h o u i d u s u a l l yb e s c r e e n e d- b u t i f i t i s s h o r t ( 4 " o r s o ) a n d d o e s
n o t p a s sn e a ra n y m a i n so r o u t p u t w i r i n g ,s c r e e n i n gi s n o t n e c e s s a r y .
T h u s ,i n o u r p l i n t hl a y o u tw e h a v e n o t u s e d s c r e e n e dw i r e s f r o m t h e
tuner to the Stereo 80, but we have used screened wire from the
pickup.
A4 Use of other modules in our layouts
44.1 740 or Z.60
T h e 2 6 0 i s l o n g e rt h a n t h e 2 4 0 . l t a l s o r e q u i r e sa n a d d i t i o n a lf a i r l y
b u l k y o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r( s e e s e c t i o n D . 5 ) . T h e o u t p u t c a p a c i t o ri s
p a r t o f t h e o u t p u t w i r i n g a n d m u s t b e t r e a t e da c c o r d i n g l y .
It should be noted that there is no advantage in using the 260
i n s t e a do f t h e 2 4 0 u n l e s sa P Z 8 i s u s e d ,a l t h o u g hw i t h l 5 O s p e a k e r s
and a PZ6,the supply voltage can be increasedto about 40 to give a
useful power increase.
A4.2. PZ5 or 6
T h e s e a r e p h y s i c a l l ya n d e l e c t r o n i c a l l yi n t e r c h a n g e a b l eH. o w e v e r ,
w h e n u s i n ga P Z 6 ,a d d i t i o n ahl e a t s i n k i n w g i l l b e r e q u i r e d( s e es e c t i o n
D 6 . 4 . ) .T h e P Z 6w i l l r e s u l ti n a s l i g h ti m p r o v e m e n irn h u m l e v e lw h e n
t h e t u n e ri s u s e d .
A4.3. PZ8
The PZ8 is not physicallyor electricallya replacementfor the PZs or
6 and the transformers commonly availablefor the PZ8 are large
( a b o u t 1 0 x 8 x B c m ) .l f t h e t r a n s f o r m e ri s t o b e h o u s e di n t h e s a m e
case then this will need to be considerablylarger than the PZ5l6
case.The PZ8 must not be used with Z40s unlessits output voltage
is reduced {see section EC6) but if this is done it does result in a
considerableimprovementin performance.
T h e P Z 8 a l s o s h o u l d b e c h o s e n w h e r e s u s t a i n e dh i g h p o w e r
. Z Sa n d 6 a r e s m a l la n d a f t e r a w h i l e g e t q u i t e
o p e r a t i o ni s r e q u i r e d P
hot at higher powers. lt is, of course, quite possibleto mount the
PZ8'stransformerremote from the PZBproper.
A4.4. Project60 modules
The earlierproject60 modulesare compatiblewith project 80 except
that the Stereo60 gives more output then the project 80 preamplifier
so the gain of the 230 and 250 is less than that of the 240 and 260.
However,the gain of the 260 has been kept deliberatelylow so that
it is still compatiblewith the earlierProject60.
When using project80 control moduleswith 230 or 250 the gain of
the 230 or 50 will need to be increased.
A4.s.tcl2
l t i s p o s s i b l et o u s e a n l C 1 2 i n s t e a do t a 2 4 0 . T h e l C 1 2 s h o u l d h a v e
i t s g a i ns e t t o 1 0 0a s e x p l a i n e di n t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s .
A4.6. Other Modules
There are other makes of modules availableand it is orobable that
most of these will present no problem when used with Project 80
provided they use a similar power supply voltage and have a
negativeearth. Such combinations,however, are beyond Sinclair's
control and we cannot predict results nor can we advise as to the
compatibility.
A5 Alterations and additions to basic layouts
A 5 . 1 .P l u g sa n d S o c k e t s
W e s t r o n g l y r e c o m m e n dt h a t y o u s t i c k t o t h e D I N t y p e p l u g a n d
socketsas we lrave,but if you use different types rememberthat the
m e c h a n i c am l o u n t i n go n m a n y o f t h e s ei s a l s oa s i g n a lc o n n e c t i o n l.f
y o u u s e a m e t a l c h a s s i st h i s m u s t b e i n s u l a t e do r a n e a r t h l o o p w i l l
f o r m c a u s i n g h u n r , d i s t o r t i o n a n d i n s t a b i l i t y .T h i s i n p a r t i c u l a r
a p p l i e st o j a c k s o c k e t sa n d p h o n es o c k e t s .
D o n o t u s e j a c k s o c k e t sf o r t h e l o u d s p e a k e rm : a n y t y p e s c a u s ea
short circuit as the plug is insertedor withdrawn and this is
undesirable.
A5.2. Headphonesocket
A 3 pole jack socket can be used for connecting headphones
provided the resistors shown in the diagram are fitted. These
resistorswill be between 10[)and 470Qlower values for inefficient
l o w i m p e d a n c ep h o n e sa n d h i g h e rf o r h i g h i m p e d a n c e1 y p e s 2. 2 0 ! J i s
most often used.
A 5.2.7 Headphonesocket wiring
We have used a slide type switch to switch the speakersoff . This
c a n b e a t o g g l e o r o t h e r d o u b l ep o l e s w i t c h b u t y o u c a n n o t u s e t h e
switch commonly fitted to the jack socket or the resistorswill not be
in circuit.
T h e h e a d p h o n es o c k e t a n d s w i t c h a r e p a r t o f t h e o u t p u t w i r i n g
a n d s h o u l d b e k e p t w e l l a w a y f r o m t h e i n p u t c o n n e c t i o n s .l f y o u
wish to mount it on the front panel,mount it to the right of the
o r e a m Da n d A F U .
O n P r o j e c t8 0 5 , w h e n a d d i n g h e a d p h o n e st,h e t w o l i n k s s h o w n
b e l o w m u s t b e b r o k e n o r t h e s w i t c h o n t h e h e a d p h o n ec i r c u i t w i l l
not mute the soeakers.
A 5.2.2 Detail of break in M/L track
breaks
A5"3. Power-on indicator
I t i s s i m p l e t o f i t a n i n d i c a t o rl a m p t o s h c w w h e n t h e p o w e r i s
s w i t c h e do n . T h e r e a r e t w o r e c o m m e n d e dt y p e s o f i n d i c a t o ra v a i l -
a b l e ,b o t h c a n b e o b t a i n e dw i t h l e n s f o r p a n e l m o u n t i n g t o g i v e a
d e c o r a t i v ea p p e a r a n c e .
N e o n i n d i c a t o r sm a k e s u r e y o u p u r c h a s e a p r o p e r m a i n s n e o n
i n d i c a t o rw i t h b u i l t i n r e s i s t o fr o r d i r e c tm a i n so p e r a t i o n .
Y o u w i l l p r o b a b l yw a n t t o m o u n t t h e n e o n o n t h e f r o n t p a n e lw i t h
t h e m a i n ss w i t c h - ' t h i s i s a l r i g h tp r o v i d e dc a r e i s t a k e n ,a n d i n f a c t
m a i n ss w i t c h e sa r e a v a i l a b l ew i t h b u i l t - i nn e o n i n d i c a t o r st o s h o w
w h e n p o w e r r so n .
T h e n e o n i n d i c a t o rs h o u l db e c o n n e c t e db e t w e e n L I N c o n n e c -
t i o n st o t h e P Z 5 l 6 ( o r t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n tge r m i n a l so n t h e s w i t c h ) .
D o n o t p o s i t i o nt h e n e o n n e a r t h e i n p u t c i r c u i t r y ,n o t o n l y c a n t h i s
'buzz'
i n d u c eh u m b u t n e o n sc a n c a u s ea n a n n o y i n g i n t h e s p e a k e ri f
wrongly p o s i t i o n e d ,
so we p r e f e rt h e n e x tt y p e o f i n d i c a t o r .
L E D I n d i c a t o r sa r e n o w r e a d i l ya v a i l a b l e T . hese work Jrom dc so
m u s t b e c o n n e c t e db e t w e e n t v e t h e p o w e r s u p p l y , v i a a s u i t a b l e
, n d e a r t h .A c u r r e n t o f a b o u t 2 0 m A i s s u i t a b l ef o r
l i r n i t i n gr e s i s t o r a
most LED's so choose a resistorof :
1K l4w for PZ5
'1
K5 1w for PZ6
2K2 1w for PZB
T h e L E D ,w o r k i n g f r o m d c , c a n c a u s en o p r o b l e mw l t h h u m e t c - ,
s o c a n b e p o s i t i o n e da n y w h e r eo n t h e f r o n t p a n e l . W i t h t h e P Z 5 ,
h o w e v e r ,i t w i l l t e n d t o f l i c k e rw i t h m u s i c b e c a u s et h e p o w e r s u p p l y
voltagevafles.
W e u s e L E D a s t h e i n d i c a t o rf o r t h e s t e r e ob e a c o ni n t h e d e c o d e r .
4 6 . F a u l tf i n d i n g
I t i s n o t t h e i n t e n t i o n ,i n t h i s s e c t i o n , t o t e a c h h o w t o r e p a i r a
m o d u l e .b u t i t i s q u i t e s i m p l e t o t r a c e t h e f a u l t t o o n e p a r t i c u l a r
module.
l s t h e f a u l ti n b o t h c h a n n e l s T l s i t t h e s a m e i n b o t h c h a n n e l s ?l f s o ,
t h e n i s i t s e n s i b l et o a s s u m et h a t o n e c o m p o n e n to r w i r e c a u s e st h e
t r o u b l e i n b o t h c h a n n e l s ,o r t h e p o w e r s u p p l y i s a t f a u l t . A f a u l t y
p o w e r s u p p l yc a n c a u s eh u m , o r n o n - f u n c t i o n i n gb u t i s n o t l i k e l yt o
c a u s ed i s t o r t i o n .
H a st h e f a u l t b e e n p r e s e n ts i n c et h e p r o j e c tw a s a s s e m b l e d ?l f s o ,
i t i s p r o b a b l ys o m e t h i n gi n t l . r ew i r i n g o r l a y o u t .O r d i d t h e e q u i p m e n t
f a i l a f t e rs o m e p e r i o do f u s e ?T h i s i s u s u a l l yo n e m o d u l ef a i l i n g .
l f t h e r e a r e a p p a r e n t l yd i f f e r e n t f a u l t s i n b o t h c h a n n e l s t h e n
m a y b et h e r ea r e t w o f a u l t s .
T h e c o m m o n e s tf a i l u r e sa r e i n t h e p o w e r a m p l i f i e r s - w h i c h a r e
s u b j e c tt o m o s t m i s u s ea n d c a n f a i l f r o m o v e r h e a t i n g- o r i n t h e
P Z 6 .w h i c h i s n o t i t s e l fp r o t e c t e da n d c a n f a i l i f o n e p o w e r a m p l i f i e r
fails.
'faults'
There are which are not due to anv module. but a
c o m b i n a t i o no f l a y o u ta n d w i r i n g .T h e s ei n c l u d eh u m , m o t o r b o a t i n g
a n d o v e r h e a t i n g( s o m e t i r n e s ) .
A l s o , s o m e t i m e sa p r o j e c t d o e s n o t l i v e u p t o t h e c o n s t r u c t o r ' s
e x p e c t a t i o n sb, u t i t w o r k s . M a y b e t h e u s e r d i d n o t k n o w w h a t t o
e x p e c t ,b u t m o r e l i k e i y t h e t r o u b l e i s c a u s e d b y a b a d c h o i c e o f
l a y o u to r t h e o t h e r a p p a r a t u sl s i n c o m p a t i b l e .
T h e f o l l o w i n gt e s t p r o c e d u r ew i l l b e a b l e t o l o c a t ef o r y o u a l m o s t
any fault which is likely to arise. Each step gives you either a
c o n c l u s i o no r a n a d d i t i o n atle s t t o m a k e w i t h e x p e c t e ds y m p t o m s .l f
you get one of the symptoms indicated proceed to the test whose
n u m b e rf o l l o w s t h e s y m p t o m . F u r t h e ri n f o r m a t i o ni s g i v e n i n o t h e r
s e c t l o n so f t h e m a n u a la s e x p l a i n e d .
1. a) Differentfaults are presentedin different inputs 2
b ) F a u l ti s n o t p r e s e n to n t a p e i n p u t , b u t i s p r e s e n ti n
D . U .a n o r a o
c ) F a u l ti s o n l y p r e s e n to n p i c k u pi n p u t 4
d ) F a u l ti s o n l y p r e s e n to n t a p e r e c o r d i n gf r o m ( b u t i s
n o t p r e s e n to n l l s t e n i n gt o ) r e c o r do r r a d i oi n p u t tr
e ) F a u l ti s o n l y p r e s e n to n r a d i n p u t o
f ) The same fault is presenton all three inputs l
11
 2 . l g n o r e o n e f a u l t ( t h e m o s t m i n o r o n e ) a n d s e a r c hf o r
the most obtrusivefault first. e.g. if one input is distor-
t e d o n o n e c h a n n e la n d a n o t h e r i s c o m p l e t e l yd e a d ,
look for the cause of the dead input
3 . E i t h e r t h e r e i s a f a u l t i n t h e p r e a m p l i f i e r( w h i c h i s
unlikelv).
or two separatefaults are present,look for fault on one
i n p u ta t a t i m e
4 . T h e p i c k u p ,o r c o n n e c t i o n st o i t a r e f a u l t y o r i n c o r r e c t
o r t h e p i c k u p a l i g n m e n ti s w r o n g l y s e t u p . W i t h a
screwdrivershort together pins 3 and 5 on the pickup
i n p u t s o c k e t .l f t h e a m p l i f i e rm o d u l e sa r e c o r r e c t b o t h
c h a n n e l sw i l l p e r f o r mi n t h e s a m ew a y .
a) both work properly,or show exactlythe same fault
p i c k u p ,D I N p l u g o r w i r i n gt o d e c k i s i n c o r r e c t .
b ) b o t h c h a n n e l sg o d e a d t h e r e i s a s h o r t c i r c u i ti n
p i c k u p , D I N p l u g o r w i r i n g b e t w e e nt h e m o r i n t h e
s c r e e n e dw i r e c o n n e c t i n gt h e D I N s o c k e t t o t h e
preamplifier.
c ) n a t u r eo f f a u l td o e s n o t c h a n g ea t a l l .T h e r ei s a f a u l t
i n t h e p r e a m p l i f i eor n p i c k u pi n p u t .
5 . S i n c et h e s i g n a li n t h e s p e a k e r si s c l e a nw h e n l i s t e n i n g
t o r e c o r d s( o r r a d i o ) t h e r ei s n o f a u l t i n t h e a m p l i f i e rb u t
t h e t a p e r e c o r d e ri s n o t s u i t a b l eo r w r o n g l y w i r e d o r
wrongly matched. See section C,A7.
6 . T u n e r o r d e c o d e ri s f a u l t y .T r y t e s t 4 o n t u n e r i n p u t a n d
i f f a u l t i s i n t u n e r s e es e c t i o n8 1 0 .
7 . a ) B o t h c h a n n e l sa r e f a u l t y b u t d o n o t h a v e t h e s a m e
fault
b) Fault is presenton one channel only, the other
c h a n n e lw o r k s p r o p e r l y
c ) B o t h c h a n n e l ss h o w t h e s a m ef a u l t
8 . S e a r c hf o r t h e m a j o r f a u l t o n o n e c h a n n e lo n l y , i g n o r e
t h e f a u l t o n t h e o t h e r c h a n n e l( e . 9 . i f o n e c h a n n e l i s
dead and the other working but distorted - look for
t h e c a u s eo f t h e n o n - w o r k i n gc h a n n e lf i r s t ) .
9 . E x c h a n g es p e a k e r ss o t h a t t h e o n e w h i c h w a s p l u g g e d
i n t o t h e l e f t c h a n n e li s n o w p l u g g e di n t o t h e r i g h t c h a n -
n e la n d v i c e - v e r s a .
a ) f a u l t r e m a i n so n s a m es p e a k e rt,h e n t h i s o r i t s w i r i n g
isat fault
b ) f a u l t c h a n g e st o o t h e r s p e a k e r
1 0 S e l e c tp i c k u p ( o r t u n e r ) a n d p l a y s o m e m u s i c . l f y o u
h a v et e s t e dp r o p e r l yt h i s f a r ,o n l yo n e c h a n n e lw i l l s h o w
the fault you are trying to trace. With a screwdriver
s h o r tt o g e t h e rp i n s 3 a n d 5 o n t h e p i c k u p ( t u n e r )i n p u t
s o c k e t .T h i s s h o u i d h a v e n o e f f e c t ( i f i t d o e s , g o b a c k
to test 4). Switch off, connect a wire between pin 5 on
r i g h t 2 4 0 ( 6 0 ) .S w i t c h o n a g a i n a n d w i t h b o t h v o l u m e
c o n t r o l st u r n e d u p :
a ) B o t h c h a n n e l sa r e d e a d ,t h e n t h e r e i s a s h o r t c i r c u i t
from pin 5 to pin 6 on the 240, or frorn pin 5 on the
2 4 0 o r f r o m p i n 5 o r 6 o n A F U ( i f u s e d )o r f r o m p i n
1 4 o r 1 5 o n S t e r e oB 0 ( i f y o u d o n o t u s e a n A F U ) , o r
from the wiring between AFU,/preamplifierand 240
( 6 0 )t o e a r t h .
b ) b o t h c h a n n e l sw o r k ( p r o p e r l yo r w i t h s o m e d i s t o r -
t i o n o r h u m e t c ) .t h e n t h e 2 4 0 ' s ( o r 2 6 0 ' s )a r e w o r k -
i n g a n d t h e f a u l t i s i n t h e p r e a m p l i f i e rA, F U o r i t s
w i r i n g . l f y o u h a v ea n A F U :
c ) f a u l t r e m a i n su n c h a n g e d
1 1 .S h o r t t o g e t h e rp i n s2 a n d 3 o n t h e A F U .
a ) f a u l t d o e sn o t c h a n g e A F U o r i t s w i r i n g i s f a u l t y .
b ) B o t h c h a n n e l sg o d e a d - t h e r ei s a s h o r tc i r c u i tf r o m
p i n 2 o r 3 o n A F U o r f r o m p i n 1 4 o r 1 5 o n S t e r e o8 0
to earth.
c ) B o t h c h a n n e l sw o r k , t h e p r e a m p l i f i eirs a t f a u l t .
12
1 2 . T h e 7 4 0 ( 2 6 0 ) o r i t s w i r i n g i s a t f a u l t . E x c h a n g ea l l
wiring from leftZ40 onto the right hand 240 and vice
versa.
lbtof a ) f a u l ti s n o w o n o t h e rs p e a k e rt,h e n t h i s 2 4 0 i s a t f a u l t .
b ) f a u l t i s o n s a m es p e a k e rt:h e r e i s a f a u l t i n t h e w i r i n g
t o t h i s 2 4 0 . S w o p w i r e sf r o m l e f t t o r i g h t ,o n e a t a
t i m e , t o l o c a t ei t .
4&6 1 3 B o t h c h a n n e l sa r e :
a) Dead 14
b ) O v e r h e a t i n ga n d t h e s y s t e m d o e s n o t w o r k ( a l o u d
b u z zo r h u m m a y b e p r e s e n t ) 14
c) Too loud 16
d ) N o t l o u de n o u g h 16
e ) D i s t o r t e da t h i g h v o l u m eo n l y 1l
f ) D i s t o r t e da t a l l v o l u m ec o n t r o ll e v e l s 18
g ) O v e r h e a t i n g ,b u t s y s t e m w o r k s w i t h o r w i t h o u t
s o m e d i s t o r t i o no r h u m e t c . 19
n l W o r k i n gb u t h i g h h u m l e v e l 20
1 4 . a ) lf you use PZB:one 260 has possiblyfailed or there
i s a s h o r t i n t h e + v e p o w e r w i r i n g .T h e P Z 8 ,d e t e c t
i n g t h i s , h a s s h u t o f f c a u s i n g b o t h c h a n n e l st o g o
dead (notethat svmptom 13bcannotoccur unless
t h e P Z 8i s a t f a u l t ) .D i s c o n n e c o t inB on one260 at a
t i m e t o s e ew h i c h i s a t f a u l t . l f t h i s d o e s n o t l o c a t e
t h e t r o u b l et h e n m a y b e t h e P Z 8 i s a t f a u l t o r t h e
wiring. 15
b ) PZ6: lf there is a short, or one 240 has failed, the
P Z 6 ' si n t e r n a lf u s e w i l l h a v e b l o w n . T h i s f a i l u r ew i l l
B u s u a l l yb e p r e c e e d e db y a v e r y l o u d h u m a t s w i t c h
o n , f o l l o w e db y a c l i c ka n d s i l e n c e S. e e s e c t i o nE B 1 0
9 l f f u s e h a s n o t b l o w n a n d t h e a m p l i f i e ri s d e a d : 15
13 c ) P Z 5 :a f a i l e d2 4 0 , o r a s h o r t , w i l l n o t i m m e d i a t e l y
d a m a g et h e P Z 5 b u t w i l l c a u s ea l o u d b u z z o n b o t h
c h a n n e l sa n d o v e r h e a t i n gi n t h e I a i l e dZ 4 Oa n d t h e
P Z S .T h e P Z 5 m a y f a i l o n l y i f t h e f a u l t i s s u s t a i n e d .
9 Disconnect pin B to each 240 ln turn to locate the
f a u l t . l f t h e P Z 5g e t s h o t w i t h a l l + v e w i r e sd i s c o n -
nected it is faulty
lf the systernis dead 15
1 5 A m p l i f i e ri s d e a d .T h e r ew a s n o h u m / b u z z l o v e r h e a t i n g
beforethe failure nor is there any click or noise at
10 s w i t c h o n , n o r i s t h e r ea n y r e s i d u a nl o i s eo r h u m i n t h e
s p e ak e r .
T h e m a i n sf u s e h a sb l o w n ,o r t h e m a i n sw i r i n g o r s w i t c h
is faulty. A mains fuse will not usuallyblow for no
r e a s o ns o w h e n r e p l a c i n gc h e c k t h e c i r c u i t a n d t a k e
c a r ew h e n s w , i t c h i n g on.
1 6 .T h e s e f a u l t s a r e t o d o w i t h t h e a m p l i f i e rg a i n , i n p u t
m a t c h i n ga n d s p e a k e re f f i c i e n c y .S e e s e c t i o nC A 7 a n d
D].
1 1. T h i s i s t h e s y m p t o m o f a t r u e p o w e r l i m i t . M a y b e t h e
P Z 5 n e e d st o b e c h a n g e df o r a P Z 6 . S e e s e c t i o n D 6 1 .
1 8 l s t h e d i s t o r t i o no n a l l i n p u t s ?
ls it on onlyloudpassageo s f music?
T h e s y m p t o m sd o n o t i n d i c a t ea s p e c i f i cf a u l t a n d c o u l d
b e c a u s e db y t h e t u n e r ,p i c k u p ,w i r i n go r p r e a m p .
1 9 .O v e r h e a t i n gc a n b e c a u s e db y i n s t a b i l i t yc a u s e db y l a y -
o u t p r o b l e m s( s e es e c t i o nA 3 ) w h e n i t w i l l b e w o r s e a t
h i g h t r e b l ec o n t r o l s e t t i n g sa n d h i g h v o i u m e s e t t i n g s .
11 I t m a y o c c u r e v e n i f n o m u s i c i s p l a y e da n d r n a y b e o n
12 o n e c h a n n e lo r b o t h . A 1 0 F c a o a c i t o rc o n n e c t e db e -
t w e e n p i n s 1 a n d 8 o n e a c h p o w e r a m p l i f i e rm a y c u r e
t h i s . l f t h e o v e r h e a t i n gi s o n l y p r e s e n tw h e n m u s i c i s
p l a y i n g a t a h i g h v o l u m e l e v e l , t h e n h e a t s i n k i n gi s
i n a d e q u a t e( s e es e c t i o nD 6 4 ) .
20. H u m c a n n o ta r i s ei n t h e m o d u l e st h e m s e l v e sa n d i s i n -
v a r i a b l yc a u s e db y l a y o u t ,w i r i n g a n d s c r e e n i n gp r o b ,
l e m s s e es e c t i o nA 3 . H u m c a n a l s oo c c u r i n t h e t u n e r
( s e es e c t i o nB A 1 0 ) .
Partll: The IndividualModules
B Tunerand Decoder
BO Power Supply
B o t h t u n e r a n d d e c o d e r a r e d e s i g n e df o r t h e s a m e s u p p l y v o l t a g e
range(23 - 30V) and draw the same current(40mA max at 30V).
P o w e ri n p u t p i n n u m b e r i n ga n d s u p p l yd e c o u p l i n ga r r a n g e m e n t a
i d e n t i c a lp: i n 1 i s + v e i n p u t ,2 i s d e c o u p l i n ga n d 4 a n d 7 e a r t h s .
86.1Decoupling
Where an unstabilized s u p p l y i s u s e d ( e . 9 .P Z 5 ,o r w h e r e p o w e r i s
d r a w n f r o m t h e m a i n a m p l i f l e r ) h, u m a n d l o r i n s t a b i l i t ym a y o c c u r .
T o o v e r c o m et h i s a 1 0 0 0 u F2 5 v c a o a c i t o rm u s t b e c o n n e c t e df r o m
p i n 2 t o e a r t h .T h e s a m e c a p a c i t o rc a n b e u s e df o r t h e t u n e r a n d f o r
t h e d e c o d e rb y c o n n e c t i n gb o t h p i n s 2 t o g e t h e rt o t h e c a p a c i t o r ' s
+ ve termrnal.
The ve of the capacitorcan be connectedto earth on the
t u n e r / d e c o d e rb o x a s s h o w n i n f i g A D . 1 . H o w e v e r ,i f t h i s d o e s n o t
e n t i r e l yr e m o v eh u m i t m a y b e n e c e s s a r tyo r u n a s e p a r a t ew i r e f r o m
t h e c a p a c i t o r ' sv e t o t h e e a r t hp o i n t o n t h e a m p l i fi e r c o n c e r n e d .
86.2 Fligh-VoltageUse
F o r d r i v i n gt h e t u n e r ( o r d e c o d e r )f r o n r a v o l t a g ea b o v e3 0 a r e s i s t o r ,
R , m u s t b e f i t t e d i n s e r i e sw i t h t h e + v e s u p p l yl i n e .
T h i s r e s i s t o r ' sv a l u ei s f o u n d f r o m t h e f o r m u l a
v 30
Ko
40
W h e n b o t h t u n e r a n d d e c o d e ra r e u s e d t h i s r e s i s t o ri s h a l v e d i n
v a l u e a n d b o t h p r n s 1 a r e c o n n e c t e dt o g e t h e r t o o n e e n d o f t h e
r h o s e o t h e r e n d c o n n e c t st o + v e p o w e r i n p u t .
r e s i s t ow
T h e r e s i s t o rs h o u l d b e r a t e d a t m o r e t h a n i . 2 x R w a t t s f o r o n e
m o d u l eo n l y o r 4 . 8 x R * a t t s f o r b o t h .
1000
1000
I n p r a c t i s et h e f o r m u l a w i l l n o t g i v e a n a v a i l a b l ev a l u e s o t h e
n e a r e s tv a l u e u p t o 1 5 % h i g h e ro r I o w e rt h a n t h a t c a l c u l a t e dw i l l b e
used.
T h u sf o r P Z . 6( 3 5 v )2 2 0Q c o u l d b e u s e d , / z w , I o r o n e m o d u l e .
PZ.6 ' both modules use120Q1w
P Z . B o n e m o d u l e :4 7 0 [ ) 1 w
PZ.B two modules:270\l2w
86.3 Low-Voltage Use
1 - l- 2 2 v ( w e l ls m o o t h e d )m a y b e f e d i n t o p o i n t2 .
1 1 - 1 7 v o l t s u s e i s p o s s i b l ei f t h e f o l l o w i n gm o d i f i c a t i o n a
s r em a d e :
1 . R e p l a c eD 2 ( t u n e r )o r D 1 ( d e c o d e r )b y a 9 v 1 w z e n e rt a k i n g c a r e
t o o b s e r v ep o l a r i t y .
2 . R e p l a c eR 1 7( t u n e r )o r R 2 ( d e c o d e r b ) y a 6S0resistor.
J . h e e o | | - l / v I n t op r nz .
BA 2 Tuner crrcuit
4 . T h e t r a c k i n gm a y n e e dr e a l i g n i n gi f t h i s i s d o n e .
lf instabilito y r h u m o c c u r sa c a p a c i t o rm u s t b e c o n n e c t e da c r o s st h e
sre n e w d i o d e u s e 1 0 0 0 r F1 2 v .
89 Use with amplifiers other than Project 80
T u n e ra n d d e c o d e rd r a w 8 0 m A m a x b e t w e e nt h e m . T h i s c a n u s u a l l y
b e t a k e nf r o m t h e p o w e r s u p p l yi n s i d et h e a m p l i f i e rw i t h w h i c h t h e y
a r et o b e u s e d .
F i g .A B 1 s h o w s a n a m p l i f i e rm a d e f r o m P r o j e c t8 0 . N o t e t h e u s e
o f D I N s o c k e t sa n d i n p a r t i c u l a rt h a t o n l y t h r e e p i n s o n t h e t u n e r
i n p u t a r e n o r m a l l yu s e d . W e h a v e t h e r e f o r ec o n n e c t e do n e o f t h e
s p a r ep i n s t o t h e + v e o f t h e p o w e r s u p p l y t o p o w e r t h e t u n e r o f
AD,1.
l f y o u r a m p l i f i e rh a s a - v e e a r t h a n d u s e s D I N p l u g s y o u c a n
p r o b a b l ym a k e t h e s a m e a r r a n g e m e n it n s i d ei t , o r y o u m a y h a v e t o
a d d a n a d d i t i o n a li n s u l a t e dt e r m i n a l i n s i d e t h e a m p l i f i e rf o r + v e
ourpur.
I t i s b e s tt o a d d t h e e x t r ar e s i s t o r( s e c t i o n8 . 6 . ) i n s i d et h e a m p l i f i e r
s o t h a t i n t h e e v e n t o f a f a u l t i n t h e t u n e r c o n n e c t i n gw i r e , t h e
a m p l i f i e r ' sp o w e r s u p p l y i s n o t s h o r t c i r c u i t e da n d d a m a g e d .W e
h a v ef i t t e dt h e r e s i s t o trh u s i n o u r e x a m o l e .
BA Project80 FM Tuner
BA1 TechnicalDescription
T h e p r i n t e dc i r c u i ta e r i a lc o i l ,T 1 , p r o v i d e sm a t c h i n gt o e i t h e r7 5 Q o r
3 0 0 { ) a e r i a ls y s t e m s . l t i s t u n e d b y o n e h a l f o f t h e m a t c h e d d u a l
v a r i c a pd i o d e V C 1 . R . F . s i g n a l sa r e a p p l i e dt o t h e s e l f o s c i l l a t i n g
m i x e r T R l , T R 2 v i a R 3 . P r i n t e dc i r c u i tc o i l T 2 i s t u n e d b y t h e s e c o n d
h a l f o f V C 1 . T h e a m p l i t u d eo f o s c i l l a t i o na c r o s sT 2 i s l i m i t e db y D 1
a n d t h e f r e o u e n c vi s :
Fr -l-z
Fro =
2
where Fro is the local oscillatorfrequency
F , i s t h e i n c o m i n gR . F .f r e q u e n c y
F 2 i s t h e l .F . f r e q u e n c y
13
 For 3O0Qinputis fed between pins 6 and 8 with pin 5 connected
to earth direct.
8A7.2. Types of Aerial Ultimatelythe choice of an aerialwill depend
know
u p o n y o r . r i l o . asl i g n a ls t r e n g t h .Y o u r l o c a lr a d i od e a l e rs h o u l d
BBC
what'signal strength exists in your area, or in U K' the
engineeing informition service provides details of signal strerrgth
much
uni aouatugaof their transmitters.Stereo receptionrequiresa
b e t t e ra e r i a sl y s t e m t h a n d o e s m o n o r e c e p t l o n '
I t i s h a r d l v p o s s i b l et o u s e t o o g o o d a n a e r i a la n d c o m m e r c i a l l y
m a d ea e r i a l sa r e a v a i l a b l e with uptosixelements'
Forbestresu|tstheaerialshouldbemoUntedashighaspossi
preferablyon the roof'
A s i m p l ed i o d e c a n b e m a d e a s s h o w n i n f i g ' 8 A 7 2 1 ' w h e r e t w o
p i e c e so f w i r e a r e c o n n e c t e d ,o n e t o t h e i n n e r ,o n e' at o the outerof
'T' rms' The wire
ih" .ou* to form a a e r i a l ,5 ' a c r o s st h e t i p s o f i t s
i s t a o e do r p i n n e dt o a p i e c eo f w o o d .

BA 7.2.7 SimPle diPole aerial

F , i s f i x e d b y t h e m i d p o i n t o f t h e p a s s b a n do f t h e c e r a m i cf i l t e r
X 1 a n d i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y1 0 . 7 M H 2 .N o t e t h a t t h e R ' F s i g n a l m i x e s
w i t h t w i c e t h e l o c a l o s c i l l a t o fr r e q u e n c yt o p r o d u c t t h e I F R V l i s
the tuning control, and RV2 and RV3 set the tuning range and
t r a c k i n g :R V 2 d e t e r m i n i n gt h e L . F . a n d R V 3 t h e H F e n d ' N o t e t h a t
t h e A . F . C .a d j u s t m e n t ,R V 4 , a l s oc o n t r o l st h e .v a r i c a ps u p p l y ,t h u s i t
i s n e c e s s a r yt o s e t t h e A . F ' C . b e f o r e a d j u s t i n gt h e t r a c k i n g T e m -
p e r a t u r ec o m p e n s a t i o ni s a c h i e v e db y t h e u s e o f a t h e r m i s t o r 'T H 1 '
T h e l . F . c o i l L ' l i s t u n e d t o t h e l . F . p a s s b a n db y o b s e r v i n gt h e
w a v e f o r ma t t h e c o l l e c t o ro f T R 2 . T R 3 a m p l i f l e st h e l F o u t p u t f r o m
t h e m i x e r a n d p r o v i d e sm a t c h i n g t o t h e c e r a m i c f i l t e r , X l T h e
o u t p u t f r o m X 1 i s f e d i n t o t h e b a l a n c e dc o i n c i d e n c ed e t e c t o rl C 1' A
a d j u s t st h e p h a s eo f t h e s i g n a li n t h e d e t e c t o rc i r c u i ta n d s h o u l d b e
'S'
sei to givea symetrical c u r v e w i t h a F . M s w e e p s i g n a la p p l i e d
l c l h a i a l i m i t i n gc i r c u i tb e f o r et h e d e t e c t o rs t a g ew h i c h p r o v i d e sa
v e r y g o o d d e g r e e o f a . m . r e j e c t i o n .T h e A ' F ' C ' v o l t a g e i s d e r i v e d
f r o m p i n 8 o f t C t v i a R 1 3 ,R 1 4 ,R 1 5a n d i s u s e dt o c o n t r o lt h e v o l t a g e T h e d i a g r a mb e l o w s h o w s a s i m p l er a d i o a e r i a lt h a t c a n b e m a d e
apoliedto VC1. With the A.F.C. switch out RV4 providesthe for use in a car. A piece of brass rod is soldered to the centre
referencevoltage. ConnectionofaUHFp|ugandbent45o.TherodmUstbeinsu
D e - e m p h a s i so f S C p Si s f i x e d b y C 1 3 . S h o u l d 7 5 s S d e e m p l r a s i s plug bocly
f r o m t h e s k i r to i t h e p l u g ,w h i c h c a n b e d o n e b y f i l l i n gt h e
b e r e q u i r e d( N o r t h A m e r i c a ) a 1 2 0 0 p Fc a p a c i t o rs h o u l d b e w i r e d w i t h A r a l d i t eo r s i m i l a re p o x y a d h e s i v e .
a c r o s sC 1 3 . F o r s t e r e o o p e r a t i o nw i t h a n y d e c o d e r , C 1 3 m u s t b e
disconnectedby cutting across the printed circuit at points marked BA 7.2.2 SintPle car aerial
,X"
T h e s u p p l y r a i l i s s t a b i l i s e da t 1 2 v o l t s b y t h e z e n e r d i o d e D 2 '

BA4 Typical Performance

Size 85x50x20mm
T u n i n gr a n g e 8 7 . 5t o 1 0 8M H z
Aerialtype 7 5 O o r3 0 0 0
Sensitivity 5 m V f o r 3 0 d b s i g n a lt o n o i s e( m o n o )
AudiooutPut 3 0 0 m V f o r 7 5 K H z d e v i a t i o n .1 0 0 m V f o r
307o modulation
O u t p u t l o a d i m P e d a n c e n o t l e s st h a n 1 0 K ! l
Distortion < 0 . 3 o / oa t l K H z a n d 7 5 K H zd e v i a t i o n
Power requtrements 23 to 30v (max. 40mA)

BA5 Connections to the tuner, shown numbered in fig are:

Pin 1 + ve powPr 23-30v
2 D e c o u p l i n g( s e et e x t )
3 Audiooutput
4 S i g n a la n d P o w e r( - v e )e a r t h
5 Aerial centre tap
6 A e r i a li n P u t
7 Alternativeearth
8 A e r i a li n P u t

BAO Power suPPlY see section B.6

BA7 Aerials
BA7.1. ConnectionsYou may use eithera 3000one or a 750one 75(l
i s m o r e c o m m o n i n U . K . b u t 3 0 Q O i su s e d i n m a n y o t h e r p a r t so f t h e
world.
O u r l a y o u t( s e c t i o n4 ) s h o w s a 7 5 ! ) a e r i a l .
F o r 7 5 0 : c o n n e c ts c r e e r tl o p i n 5 a n d t h e i n n e rc o r e t o p i n 6 ' N o t e
that Din 5 is connected by the aerialsocketto earth'

14
I

BA10 CommonFaults
pin 1l (rcl) H u m :c a u g e db y i n a d e q u a tpeo w e rs u p p l ys m o o t h i n gF. i t t h e c a p -
a c i t o r m e n t i o n e di n 8 4 . 6 .
Motorboating: caused by poor power s u p p l y s t a b i l i z a t i o nf:i t t h e
r e c o m m e n d e dc a o a c i t o r .
Interference:especiallywhen the tuner is mounted on wood short-
wave interferencemay occur between stations.This should vanish
when a station of good strength is tuned in. lt can be reduced
h o w e v e rb y m o u n t i n gt h e t u n e r o n a m e t a l p l a t e ( o r l i n i n gt h e f r o n t
o f t h e w o o d p a n e l w i t h m e t a l f o i l b e n e a t h a n i n s u l a t i n gl a y e r ) ,
a n d / o r b y l i n k i n gp i n 5 t o p i n 7 v i a a 1 n F c a p a c i t o r .
N o i s e .B e t w e e ns t a t i o n sy o u w i l l g e t a n o i s e l i k e f r y i n g e g g s . W h e n
o n s t a t i o ni t s h o u l d d i s a p p e a r l.f i t d o e s n o t , t h e a e r i a li s p r o b a b l y
i n a d e q u a t eA- p o o r a e r i a lw i l l c a u s ea g r e a t i n c r e a s ei n n o i s ew h e n
stereo is being received.
l0yfOV AFC button throwing the station off tune. This means the set is out
o f a l i g n m e n t ,p r o b a b l y b e c a u s e i t h a s b e e n s c r e w e d d o w n t o o
t i g h t l y o n t o a m e t a l s u r f a c e ,o r t h e a r e a o f m e t a l i n d i c a t e di n t h e
template has not been removed properly.
pin 4 (rcl)
A l i g n m e n t .l t s h o u l dn o t b e n e c e s s a r tyo r e a l i g nt h e t u n e r a n d a s t h e
BA 8 Tuning meter a d . i u s t m e n tasr e i n t e r d e p e n d a nwt e d o n o t g i v e d e t a i l si n t h i s m a n u a l
b u t o n l y o n r e q u e s t( S . A . E .p l e a s e ) .
Service.Experiencehas shown that faults in use are rare - Most of
BA8 Fitting a Tuning Indicator 'repair'
t h e t u n e r sr e t u r n e dt o t h e S e r v i c eD e p a r t m e n ft o r arein fact
Using the circuit below, it is possibleto fit a 50-0-501r,4 centre zero w o r k i n g p r o p e r l ya n d t h e f a u l t i s i n t h e u s e r ' si n s t a l l a t i o n .
m e t r e i o i n d i c a t ew h e t h e r t h e m o d u l e i s a c c u r a t e l yt u n e d o r n o t .
S e t t i n g u p i s q u i t e s i m p l e ,t h e 1 0 K p r e s e tp o t . s h o u l d b e a d j u s t e d
w i t h t h e A F C o u r a n d t h e m o d u l et u n e d o f f s t a t i o n ,i . e .j u s r n o i s eo n
t h e o u t p u t . T h e m e t e r s h o u l d b e s e t t o r e a d z e r o ,o r c e n t r es c a l e .
A p a r t f r o m t h e m e t e r a n d 1 0 K p r e s e tp o t . , t h e o n l y o t h e r c o m p o n - BB StereoDecoder
ents required are a22KSl resistorand a 10pF electrolyticcapacitor,
'flutter' BB1 Technical Description
which can be omitted if the resultino of the meter is not
objectionable. T h e M u l t i p l e xi n p u t s i g n a li s f e d i n t o p i n 3 o n t h e d e c o d e r .L 2 a n d C 6
a r et h e f i r s t 1 9 K H zf i l t e r s ,L 1 a n d C 7 a r e t h e s e c o n d .L 3 i s t h e 3 8 K H z
BA9 Switched Tuning and FineTune filter. lf this is shorted out decodingdoes not occur and mono
B y b r e a k i n gt h e c i r c u i tb e t w e e np o i n t sD C a n d G F i t i s p o s s i b l et o f i t receotion results.
prese t potentiometersand appropiateswitching When a stereo station is being receivedthe decoder causes the
L E Dt o i l l u m i n a t e .
The circuit below shows the details. D ' l i s a z e n e rd i o d e t o s t a b i l i z et h e s u p p l y v o l t a g e .

BB 2 Decoder circuit

VR3

6 11 12 l3 10

l c l
3 4 ) 7 1r

BA 9 Switched and fine tune

L2I I01 C11

,T T, 10
I I 16V
Note also that a separateswitch position has been used to enable
t h e e x i s t i n gv a r i a b l ec o n t r o l o n t h e m o d u l et o b e u s e d ( p o s i t i o n1 ) .
P o s i t i o n2 o n t h e s w i t c h a l l o w sa f i n e t u n i n g c o n t r o l ,V R 1 , t o b e
u s e di n c o n j u n c t i o nw i t h t h e e x i s t i n gt u n i n g .
S w i t c h e dt u n i n g o r f i n e t u n e c o u l d b e a v e r y u s e f u l a d d i t i o nf o r
car radio use.

15
 ffi l-\.
\^./r
5 W1
f\:
\/

nv { v
n
::::::
A
\."l IJ

BB 7.2 Typical FM detector Circ.

c o n v e r s i o nt o s t e r e oi s u n d e r t a k e nt h e q u a l i t y o f t h e r e c e i v e rm a y
m a k e g o o d s t e r e or e c e p t i o ni m p o s s i b l eA . poor 1F strip will invari-
a b l y r e s u l ti n p o o r s e p a r a t i o n .
I t i s n o t p o s s i b l et o s u p p l yd e t a i l e dc o n v e r s i o ni n s t r u c t i o n sf o r a n y
p a r t i c u l a tru n e r a n d t h e c o n v e r s i o nc a n s o m e t i m e sb e v e r y d i f f i c u l t
e v e n f o r a n e x p e r i e n c e de n g i n e e r .T h e f o l l o w i n g n o t e s a r e f o r
g u i d a n c eo n l y :
W h e n m o d i f y i n gt o s t e r e oy o u m u s t e x p e c tt o u p - g r a d et h e a e r i a l :
BB 3 Decoder layout t h e s i g n a lt h a t g i v e s p e r f e c t m o n o m a y w e l l b e t o t a l l y u s e l e s sf o r
slereo.

B84 Typical performance F i g . B B l . 2 s h o w s a t y p i c a l V H F d e t e c t o rc i r c u i t .T h e e x a c t c i r c u i t

Size 4-l x 50 x 20mm a n d v a l u e sv a r y c o n s i d e r a b l yf r o m s e t t o s e t b u t t h e a u d i o o u p u t ,
I n p u t i m p e d a n c e 2 0 Kt ) p o i n t A , i s u s u a l l ye a s y t o l o c a t ea s i t f e e d s ( v i a a s w i t c h p e r h a p s )
Load imoedance not less than 22K{) i n t o t h e v o l u m e c o n t r o l . L o c a t ec o m p o n e n t sC x a n d R x , w h i c h w i l l
Separation 30dB minimum h a v e v a l u e s s u c ht h a t C x x R x ' - 5 0 , 0 0 0w h e r e C i s i n p F a n d R i n k { J ,
C x i s t h e d e e m p h a s i sc a p a c i t o ra n d m u s t b e r e m o v e d .l t m a y a l s o
b e n e c e s s a r yt o r e d u c ei n v a l u e o r t o r e m o v ee n t i r e l y ,C y , w h i c h i s
BB5 Connections
, r p o o r s e p a r a t i o nm a y r e s u l t .
f o r 1F r e j e c t i o n o
1 + ve power (23 - 30V)
These components can be difficult to spot and it may be
2 d e c o u p l i n g( s e e 8 6 )
n e c e s s a r yt o a s k t h e r e c e i v e r ' sm a n u f a c t u r e fr o r a d v i c e .
3 inout (from tuner)
T h e d e c o d e r ' sm u l t i p l e xi n p u t , p i n 3 , w i l l a c c e p t t h e s i g n a lf r o m
4 E a r t h( s i g n a l& ve Power)
point A.
5 Output left channel
6 Output rightchannel 887.2.1 Transistorsets
7 E a r t h( a l t e r n a t i v e ) M o s t t r a n s i s t o rs e t s w i t h o u t M P X o u t p u t s a r e t r a n s i s t o rp o r t a b l e s .
T h e d e - e m p h a s i sc a p a c i t o ri s i n t h e r e g i o no f 1 0 p F .
B86 Power Supply T h e s e m a y o n l y g i v e i n d i f f e r e n ts t e r e o a n d i n p a r t i c u l a ra r e
See section B 6 u n l i k e l yt o g i v e a n y r e s u l t so n t h e i r b u i l t i n a e r i a le x c e p ti n v e r y h i g h
s i g n a ls t r e n g t ha r e a s .
BB7 Use with tuners other than P80
887.2.2 Valved tuners
A l t h o u g h t h e d e c o d e ri s i n t e n d e dt o w o r k w i t h P 8 0 t u n e r i t w i l l i n
M o s t l yt h e s ea r e o f o l d e rd e s i g n :t h e r e s i s t o r si n t h e d i s c r i m i n a t oar r e
f a c t g i v ee x c e l l e n rt e s u l t sw i t h m a n y o t h e rt u n e r sa n d m a y e v e n g i v e
p a s s a b l er e s u l t s w i t h a V H F t r a n s i s t o r p o r t a b l e , w h i c h i s n o t h i g h e r i n v a l u e t h a n f o r t r a n s i s t o rc i r c u i t s a n d t h e d e e m p h a s i s
c a p a c i t o rw i l l b e a b o u t 1 s F .
intended for stereo reception, provided the signal strength is very
good. BB B Filter circuit
pin 2 dr decodel
'1ftr
887.1 Connections 1OOOpt a.
explaired in 82;
T h e r ea r e o n l y t w o w i r e s n e e d e db e t w e e nt h e t u n e r a n d d e c o d e r : -
a s i g n a lw i r e f r o m t h e t u n e r M u l t i p l e xo u t p u t t o p i n 3 a n d a n e a r t h
w i r e f r o m t h e t u n e r t o p i n 7 . C o n n e c t i o n st o t h e a m p l i f i e ra r e m a d e
f r o m p i n 4 ( e a r t h )5 a n d 6 v i a s c r e e n e dw i r e .
l f t u n e r o r a m p l i f i e r ' sp o w e r s u p p l y i s v e e a r t h o f t h e c o r r e c t
voltage a +ve power supply wire may be connected via an
appropiateresistor(See section 86) from pin).
to St 80
Otherwise if a separate power supply (or battery) is used +ve
a n d - v e s u p p l i e sc o n n e c t t o t e r m i n a l s1 a n d 4 r e s p e c t i v e l Vl .t i s
p o s s i b l et o r u n t h e d e c o d e rf r o m a 1 2 V b a t t e r y d i s c o r r n e cD t 1 and
c o n n e c tt h e 1 2 V i n i t s o l a c e .

887.2 Tuners without multiplexoutput

M o s t t u n e r sw h i c h d o n o t h a v e a s p e c i a lm u l t i p l e xo u t p u t ( o r s o c k e t
( pin 4 or7 dftoder ) earth pinT of St 80
for a decoder) were designed for mono reception and even if

to
T
B88 Tape recording p i c k u p a s t h e s o u r c eo f i m p e d a n c e T . h e c i r c u i t i n f a c t u t i l i s e st h e
O n s t e r e ot r a n s m i s s i o nas c e r t a i na m o u n t o f r e s i d u a l1 9 a n d 3 8 K H z i n h e r a n t p r o p e r t i e so f t h e p i c k - u p i n i t s e q u a l i z a t i o n: a t y p i c a l
p i c k u p h a s a n i n d u c t a n c eo f 4 5 0 m H a n d a r e s i s t a n c eo f 5 0 0 9
switchingfrequency may remain in the audio output from the
d e c o d e r .T h i s d o e s n o t m a t t e r f o r n o r m a l m u s i c l i s t e n i n gb u t , o n F o r c e r a m i cp i c k - u pt h e s o u r c ei m p e d a n c ew h i c h m a t c h e se x a c t l y
tape recording it may interfere,with the recorder'sown erase and a c e r a m i cp i c k - u pw i t h t y p i c a lc a p a c i t yo f 5 0 0 p Fi s c h a n g e d b y R 2 .
F o r r a d i ot h e n e t w o r k R 3 , R 4 , C 1 a n d C 2 i s s w i t c h e d i n . T h e r a d i o
b i a so s c i l l a t o rc a u s i n gw h i s t l e sa n d n o i s e .
l { t h i s o c c u r s t h e c i r c u i t o f f i g . B 8 8 c a n b e i n t e r p o s e db e t w e e n i n p u t s h o u l d b e f e d f r o m a r e s i s t i v es o u r c e o f l e s s t h a n 5 0 K . T a p e
d e c o d e r ' so u t p u t a n d p r e a m p l i f i eirn p u t . monitor facility is providedbetween TR1 and the tone controls,
T h e c i r c u i tm u s t b e d u p l i c a t e d o , ne for eachchannel. w h i c h a r e a c o n v e n t l o n a lv i r t u a l e a r t h a r r a n g e m e n ta r o u n d T R 2 .
S i n c e s e p a r a t ec o n t r o l s a r e s u p p l i e d f o r e a c h c h a n n e l a b a l a n c e
BBi0 Common faults c o n t r o li s n o t r e q u i r e d .
N o i s eo n s t e r e o ,n o t p r e s e n to n m o n o o r w h e n m o n o s w i t c h i s i n . P o w e rs u p p l yi s t o p i n ' 1, d e c o u p l e dv i a R 1 9 a n d C 1 6 .
T h i si s i n v a r i a b l yc a u s e db y a p o o r s i g n a ls t r e n g t hs o a b e t t e ra e r i a li s
CA4 Typical Performance
neededS . t e r e or e c e p t i o ni s f a r m o r e c r i t i c a tl h a n m o n o a n d r e q u i r e s
a m u c h b e t t e rs i g n a l . Size 260 x 50 x 20mm
Stereo beacon operates between stations this may happen, the O u t p u t 1 0 0 m V + 3 d B f o r s p e c i f i e di n p u t s .
l n p u t s e n s i t i v i t i e s( PU1 3mVmagneticPU
b e a c o nc a n b e a c t i v a t e db y n o i s e ,a n d d o e s n o t i n d i c a t ea f a u l t . "
a ) 3 0 0 m V c e r a m i cP U
Hum and/ or motorboating:the decouplingcapacitoroJ section 82 is
s o u r c ei m p e d a n " " t ) r a d i o 1 0 0 m V2 5 K m a x '
requrred.
\ taoe 30mV 10K max.
P o o rs e p a r a t i o nu: s u a lc a u s eo f t h i s i s t h a t t h e d e c o d e r ' sa l i g n m e n ti s
T a p e m o n i t o ro u t p u t 30mV from 47K
d i s t u r b e d :t h e a l i g n m e n t i s c r i t i c a l a n d m a y b e d i s t u r b e d b y
e x c e s s i v ev i b r a t i o n .U s u a l l vo n l y L l n e e d sr e - a l i g n m e n t . F r e q u e n c yr e s p o n s e2 O H zr o 1 5 1 1 1 1+2 1 d B
S e r v i c e . E x p e r i e n c es h o w s t h a t v e r y l i t t l e g o e s w r o n g w i t h d e F r e q u e n c yr a n g e : b a s s + 1 2 d B - 1 4 d B a t 1 0 0 H 2
F r e q u e n crya n g e :t r e b l e+ . 1 1 d 8 1 2 d Ba t 1 0 K H z
c o d e r s ,a t t h e r n o s t a l l t h e y r e q u i r ei s s l i g h t r e - a l i g n m e n t
S / N r a t i o6 0 d B
P o w e r r e o u i r e m e n t s1 2 v t o 3 5 v .
M a x i m u m o u t p u t ( 3 0 V s u p p l y )2 . 5 V r m s .
C Control modules: Preampand CA5 Connections
AFU 1 + ve power + 12 to 35V
2 Right )
CA Project80 Preamplifier 3 Left I pick up point
4 Earth !
CA1 TechnicalDescriPtion 5 Left )
TRl is a virtuae l a r t hs t a g ew i t h C 4 , C 5 ,R 5 a n d R 6 a s f e e db a c k 6 Right i r a d i oi n p u t
c o m D o n e n at sn d R 1 i n s e r i e sw i t h t h e i n d u c t a n coef t h e m a g n e t i c 7 Earth \
CA 2 Stereo B0 circuit

,aT
1H

-'+

on.i
rv?
I

1l
 B
9
Rightinput
Left input
t_
I
10 R i g h to u t p u t > I ape Inputand output connections
11
12
Lefi output
Earth
J
l
13 E a r t h ,s i g n a la n d - ve power
11
l 3 !"rl
r r r g n r \ o,,ou,
t
CA6 P o w e rs u p p l y
A l t h o u g ht h e p r e a m pw i l l f u n c t i o no v e r t h e f u l l r a n g e 1 2 t o 3 5 V t h e
o v e r l o a dm a r g i ni s r e d u c e da s t h e s u p p l yv o l t a g ed r o p s : a t 1 2 V t h e
m a x i m u mo u t p u t i s 1 V . R e p l a c i n gR 1 9 b y 1 K w i l l i n c r e a s et h i s t o 2 V
rms.
A b o v e 3 5 v o l t s C 1 6 ' sv o l t a g eb e c o m e se x c e e d e d w , hich will not
damage it until severe overload occurs. However it is best to fit an
additionalresistorin serieswith pin 1 -- use 10K for 40 50 volts
and 22K for 50 - 70 volts.
CA7 Inputs and Outputs
C A 7 . 1 .M a g n e t i ca n d c e r a m i cp i c k u p s :V i r t u a l l ya l l m a g n e t i cp i c k u p s
will feed directly into the input with PU1 selected.The only
e x c e p t i o n sa r e l o w i m p e d a n c ed e v i c e s ,s u c h a s t h e O r t o f o n ,w h i c h
n e e d a m a t c h i n g t r a n s f o r m e r .C e r a m i c sf e e d t h e i n p u t w i t h p U 2
selected.
T h e r ei s a c o n s i d e r a b l vea r i a t i o ni n o u t p u t f r o m p i c k u p t o p i c k u p
s o s o m e o f t h e h i g h e ro u t p u t t y p e s m a y r e q u i r ea v e r y l o w v o l u m e
c o n t r o ls e t t r n g .
CA7.2. Flat inputs: radio and tape. The radio input has a sensitivity
of 100mV and the tape 30mV. Almost every signal source you may
wish to use will feed one or other of these inputs, but if you wish to
reducethe sensitivityof either one the alternatorof CA 7.4. can be
used.
C A 7 . 3 T a p e o u t p u t i s 3 0 m V . l t c a n n o t b e i n c r e a s e d ,b u t s h o u l d
y o u w i s h t o r e d u c ei t t h e n t h e a t t e n u a t o ro f C A 7 . 4 c a n b e u s e d .
CA 7.4. attenuator. The figure shows a skeleton preset pot wired
w i t h s c r e e n e dl e a d sf o r i n p u t a n d o u t p u t . I n p u t l e a di s f r o m t h e t u n e r
o r t a p e r e c o r d e ra n d o u t p u t l e a d f e e d s t o t h e p r e a m p l i f i e r ' isn p u t _
Used on tape out, this feeds the attenuator's input and the
attenuator'soutput feeds the tape recorder'sinput. The preset can
b e a n y v a l u eb e t w e e n1 0 Ka n d 1 0 0 K , 2 2 Ko r 4 7 K g e n e r a l l yb e i n gb e s t .
The preset should be adjusted for best results.

CA8 Mono Use

lf a mono source (e.9. tuner without decoder,or a mono lape
recorder)is used pins 5 & 6 or 8 I 9 can be joined together. Any
i n p u t f e d t o e i t h e rp i n w i l l t h e n b e a m p l i f i e db v b o t h c h a n n e l s .
F o r r e c o r d i n gi n t o m o n o r e c o r d e ri t i s q u i t e p e r m i s s i b l teo j o i n p i n s
10 and 11 together,this will not affect the channel seoaration
t h r o u g h t h e a m p l i f i e ri n n o r m a l u s e .

CA 7.4 Altenuator

CA 3 ST B0layout
1B
CA10 Common faults
H u m T h e p r e a m p l i f i ecr a n n o tg e n e r a t eh u m w i t h i n i t s e l fb u t i t c a n , i f
m o u n t e do r u s e d i n c o r r e c t l y p, i c k u p h u m f r o m o u t s i d e .T h e c a u s e
o f t h e h u m m u s t b e l o c a t e da n d r e c t i f i e d .
'frying'
r,.
' I . -

N o i s e . T h i s c o n s i s t s o f a s t e a d y f l u c t u a t i n g c r a c k l i n go r
sound.lt is uncommon in the p r e a m p . lf the p r e a m p i s t h e cause
t h e n i t w i l l b e p r e s e n tw i t h a l l i n p u t s d i s c o n n e c t e db u t n o t w i t h t h e
v o l u m e t u r n e d f u l l y d o w n . T h e r e i s a r r i r r e d u c i b l el e v e l o f n o i s e o n
any preamplifier.
Service.The maiority of preamplifiersreturned for service have no
f a u l t : t h e t r o u b l e sa r e c a u s e db v t h e w a y i t i s m o u n t e d o r u s e d

CB ActiveFilterUnit
CB1 Technical Description
T r 1 w i t h i t s a s s o c i a t e dc o m p o n e n t s i s a S a l l e n a n d K e y t y p e
l o w - p a s s( s c r a t c h )f i l t e rw h o s e e f f e c ti s v a r i e db y R V 1 .I n p u t i s t o p i n
3 ( o r 2 ) a n d n o i n p u t i s o l a t i n gc a p a c i t o ri s i n c l u d e d s i n c e t h i s
c o m p o n e n ti s i n t h e p r e a m p ' so u t p u t . W h e n d r i v i n gt h e A F U f r o m
a n i n p u t o t h e r t h a n S t e r e o8 0 , a c a p a c i t o rm u s t b e i n c l u d e d .
T h e s c r a t c hf i l t e r ' so u t p u t ,f r o m T r 1 ' s e m i t t e r ,i s f e d t o t h e r u m b l e
( h i g h p a s s )f i l t e r a r r a n g e da r o u n d R V 2 . O u t p u t i s { r o m p i n 6 ( o r 5 ) . CB 2 AFU circuit
S u p p l y v o l t a g ei s f e d t o p i n 1 a n d d e c o u p l e db y R 7 a n d C 6 .

C86 Power supply

Cts4 TypicalPerformance T h e A F U w i l l o p e r a t ef r o m b e l o w 1 2 V t o 5 0 V . T h e m a x i m u m o u t p u t
Size 108x50x20nrm i s v o l t a g ed e p e n d a n a t n d i f c l i p p i n go c c u r sa t l o w e r v o l t a g e sR 7 c a n
S o u r c ei m p e d a n c e 1 0 Km a x i m u r n b e r e d u c e dt o 6 K 8 o r s o .
Frequencyresponse l f t h e A F U i s t o b e u s e dw i t h a n a m p l i f i e ro t h e r t h a n p r o j e c t8 0 , i t
( fi l t e ra t 0 ) 36Hz to 22KHz - 3dB can be run from its' own separate battery. In this case R7 can be
Low pass (scratch) - 3 d B v a r i a b l e2 2 K H z t o 5 . 5 K H z . s h o r t c i r c u i t e da n d a 9 V b a t t e r yu s e d it will lastmany monthsas
s l o p e 1 2 d Bp e r o c t a v e . c o n s u m p t i o ni s v e r y s m a l l .
H i g h p a s s( r u m b l e ) -28d8 at28Hz. slope9dB per
octave. 'override"
C87 AFU switch
CB5 Connections T h e l a y o u t st h a t i n c o r p o r a t ea n A F U l e a v ei t p e r m a n e n t l yi n c i r c u i t .
1 + ve power H o w e v e re v e na t m i n i m u mc u t . t h e A F U d o e s i m p o s ea l i r n i t a t i o no n
2 I n p u tl e f t f r e q u e n c yr e s p o n s e e s p e c i a l l w y hen fed from a high impedance.
3 I n p u tr i g h t I t m a y b e f o u n d d e s i r a b l e ,t h e r e f o r e t o i n c o r p o r a t ea n o v e r r i d e
4 E a r t h{ s i g n a l& ve power) s w i t c ht o c u t t h e A F U o u t o f c i r c u i t .T o d o t h i s a 4 p o l e c h a n g eo v e r
5 O u t p u tl e f t s w i t c h i s n e e d e d ,w i r e d a s i n t h e d i a g r a m b e l o w . N o t e t h a t t h e
6 O u t p u tr i g h t r e s i s t o r sa n d c a p a c i t o r sa r e o p t i o n a lb u t i f t h e y a r e o m i t t e d o p e r a t
7 Alternative earth i o n o { t h e s w i t c h w i l l c a u s en o r s e .

CB3 AFU layout

lavout

19
 _prf
AMPLIFIERS

l
6

VOLUME CONTROL

- on5
TO POWER
-l--
srAGE
LH CHANNEL.

I
0l_--." z
TO POWER
l_{
' srAGE
RH CHANNEL.
[F___pn3 )
CB 8.2 Detail of amplifier

CBl0 Common faults

illl Rs l00K
CB 7 Aver-ilde switch
CB8 Use with amplifierother than Project 80
M o s t s t e r e oa m p l i f i e r si n c l u d ea t a p e l i n k w i t h m o n i t o r f a c i l i t y .T h e
A F U c a n b e a r r a n g e dt o p l u g i n t o t h i s t a p e c o n n e c t i o na n d r u n f r o m
its own power supply.
l f t h e a m p l i f i e ri s n e g a t i v ee a r t ht h e n i t c a n b e u s e d t o p o \ / e r t h e
A F U a n d a s e p a r a t et e r m i n a ic a n b e a d d e df o r t h e + v e l e a d .I n t h e
d i a g r a mb e l o w w e h a v e a s s u m e dt h a t t h e 5 p i n D I N t a p e m o n i t o r
s o c k e t h a s b e e n r e p l a c e db v a 6 p i n t v p e a n d t h e s i x t h p i n u s e d f o r
t h i s + v e c o n n e c t i o n .F i g . C 8 8 . 1 s h o w s t h e A F U w i r e d f o r t h i s .
'l1rF
Note the use of c a p a c i t o r si n s e r i e sw i t h p i n s 2 a n d 3 . T h e
A F U w i l l n o t w o r k i f t h e s e a r e o m i t t e d . C o r r e c t e di n t h i s w a y t h e
a m p l i f i e r ' st a p e m o n i t o r s w i t c h b e c o m e sa n A F U o v e r r i d e .
N o t e i n f i g . C 8 8 . 1 .a n d C 8 8 . 3 .t h a t a l l s c r e e n sa r e c o n n e c t e da t
one end, but at the other only one screenis connectedto the
p l u g / s o c k e t .T h e o t h e r s c r e e n sa r e l e f t f l o a t i n g .
l f t h e a m p l i f i e rd o e sn o t h a v ea m o n i t o rf a c i l i t yi t m u s t b e m o d i f i e d
b y w i r i n g t h e a p p r o p i a t ec o n n e c t i o n sa n d f i t t i n g a 6 p i n D I N s o c k e r .
T h e b e s t p l a c e i n m o s t a m p l i f i e rc i r c u i t si s j u s t b e f o r e t h e v o l u m e
c o n t r o l ,w h i c h i s u s u a l l yf i t t e d j u s t b e f o r et h e p o w e r a m p l i f i e ra s i n
f i g . C B B . 2 .T h e c o n n e c t i o nm u s t b e b r o k e n a s s h o w n .
L a c k o f e f f e c t . I n v a r i a b l yt h i s f a u l t i s n o t c a u s e db y t h e A F U b u t b y
the speakersor by sub.jectiveeffects,
T h e a v e r a g ep e r s o nc a n h e a r f r e q u e n c i e su p t o ' l 4 K H z a few
p e o p l ec a n h e a r h i g h e r t h a n t h i s ( u p t o 1 9 K H z )b u t t h i s d r o p s o f f
w i t h a g e a n d s o m e o l d e r p e o p l ec a n o n l y h e a r u p t o 1 1 K H z o r s o .
But there is not very much sound content in normal music above
'l2KHz
a n d t h e s p e a k e r sm a y n o t r e s p o n dv e r y w e l i - s o t h e A F U
n r a y a p p e a ro n l y t o h a v e e f f e c t a t m a x i m u m c u t .
A s i m i l a re f f e c t o c c u r sa t l o w f r e q u e n c i e se, s p e c i a l l yw i t h s m a l l e r
l o u d s p e a k e rws h i c h m a y h a v e v e r y l i t t l er e s p o n s eb e l o w 1 5 0 H 2 .T h e
r u m b l e f i l t e r m a y t h e n h a v e v e r y l i t t l ea u d i b l ee f f e c t .
D i s t o r t i o n c, o n t r o l si n t e r a c tw h e n i n u s e f r o m a n i n p u t o t h e r t h a n
P r o j e c t8 0 . T h e A F U d o e s n o t h a v e a n i s o l a t i n gc a p a c i t o r a t i t ' s
i n p u t , t l . r i si s i n c l u d e di n t h e P r o j e c tB 0 ' s o u t p u t . l f t h e f e e d t o t h e
A F U h a s a d i r e c td c p a t h t h e c o n t r c i o l p e r a t i o nw i i l b e r e d u c e d .S e e
s e c t i o nC B B .
SericeT . h e m a j o r i t yo f A F U ' s r e t u r n e df o r s e r v i c ea r e n o t f a u l t y .T h e
u s e r sa r e e x p e r i e n c i n a g s u b j e c t i v el a c ko f e f f e c ta s e x p l a i n e da b o v e .
6 PIN DIN SOCKET TOAMPLIFIERS
VIEWED FROM OUTSIDE ' HT LINE

F i g . C B 8 . 3 . s h o w s h o w t h e D I N s o c k e ti s w i r e c l .
I n t h i s a p p l i c a t i o ni t i s a l s o p o s s i b l et o f i t a n A F U o v e r r i d es w i t c h
( C B 7 ) .l f t h e A F U i s u s e d o f f i t s o w n b a t t e r ya 5 p o l e 2 w a y s w i t c h
could be used for this override- the spare pole being used to
switch off the AFU.

C B B. I AFU wired f or tape socket

CONNECTIONS.
TO A. F.U.

CB 8.3 Wiring for AFU socket

D Z40and 2:60
c B .8 . 1 Z 4 Oa n d 7 6 0 a r ev e r y s i m i l a ri n t h e i r u s e sa n d a p p l i c a t i o n sT. h e y a r e
i n m a n y a p p l i c a t i o n si n t e r c h a n g e a b laen d f o r t h e m o s t p a r t w i l l b e
d e a l tw i t h t o g e t h e r .I n f o r m a t i o nw h i c h a p p l i e ss p e c i f i c a l l tyo o n e o f
6 PIN DIN PLUG o t h e r i s i n c l u d e di n s e c t i o n sD A a n d D B .
VIEWED FROM
REAR OF PLUG
D5 Connections
Pin 1 Power -ve and output earth
2 S i g n a le a r t h

20
r
3 S i g n a le a r t h
"earth"
A
Feedback
5 S i g n a li n p u t
"earth"
6 A l t e r n a t i v ei n p u t
l F e e d b a c kp o i n t
8 + ve power Input
9 Output to speaker
D 5 240/260 wiing
T h e c i r c u i ta b o v e s h o w s t h e c o n n e c t i o n st o o n e 2 4 0 o r 2 6 0 u s e d
w i t h a s i m p l ev o l u m e c o n t r o l .
N o t e t h e u s e o f a c e n t r a le a r t h p o i n t w i t h s e p a r a t ew t r e s r u n t o
e a c h o f t h e c o n n e c t i o n ss h o w n . T h i s p o i n t s h o u l d b e s i t u a t e ds o
t h a t t h e w i r e s t o t e r r n i n a l s1 , 2 a n d 3 a r e s h o r t ( n o t m o r e t h a n 3 " ) .
N o t e a l s o t h a t w i t h a 2 4 0 o n l y , t h e w i r e t o t e r m i n a l2 c a n b e
o m i t t e d ( 2 a n d 3 a r e i r r t e r n a l l cy o n n e c t e di n t h e a m p l i f i e r ) .
C 1 : i n p u t c a p a c i t o r .T h i s m u s t b e u s e d i n a l l c a s e s e x c e p t w i t h
S t e r e o B 0 o r A F U d r i v i n g t h e a m p l i f i e r .1 p F 5 0 V w i l l d o f o r a l l
p u r p o s e sa l t h o u g h 1 0 0 n ft o 1 O p fc a n b e u s e d .
C 2 :o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r T. h i s i s r e q u i r e do n l y w i t h a 2 6 0 . C h o o s e2 0 0 0 i r f
50V a l t h o u g ho t h e r v a l u e sc a n b e u s e d w i t h B { l o r 1 b ( / s p e a k e r s
( 1 0 0 0 p fa n d 5 0 0 p f r e s p e c t i v e l y )R . e d u c i n gt h e v a l u e o f t h i s w i l l
r e d u c ee x t r e m eb a s sr e s p o n s eT. h e v o l t a g er a t i n gs h o u l d i d e a l l yb e
the same as the DC supply voltage used, but can where size is
i m p o r t a n tb e r e d u c e dt o h a l f t h e s u p p l yv o l t a g e "
C2: only neededwhere a poor power supply is used (e.g. dry
b a t t e r i e so) r w h e r e l e a d st o p o w e r s u p p l ya r e l o n g e rt h a n 3 " o r s o . l t
s h o u l db e r a t e da t a w o r k i n g v o l t a g en o t l e s st h a n t h e c h o s e np o w e r
s u p p l yv o l t a g e a n d c a n b e b e t w e e n 1 O p fa n d 1 0 0 p f w h e r e l o n g e r
s u p p l y l e a d s a r e i n u s e . W i t h b a t t e r i e si t s h o u l d b e i n c r e a s e dt o
1000pf,or even 5000pf with smaller batteries.
R V l : v o l u m e c o n t r o l .A l o g t y p e s h o u l d b e c h o s e n - 4 7 K m a x . f o r
2 4 0 o r 1 0 0 K m a x . f o r 2 6 0 . L o w e r v a l u e sc a n b e u s e d , d e p e n d i n g
u p o n t h e s i g n a ls o u r c ef e e d i n gt h e a m p l i fi e r .
D6 P o w e r s u p p l i e s , s p e a k e r s ,p o w e r a n d h e a t s i n k i n g
fhe 240 and 260 have a constant gain that is to say that the
v o l u m el e v e lf r o m t h e s p e a k e rw i l l b e s o l e l yd e p e n d a n tu p o n h o w
l o u d t h e i n p u t s i g n a lt o t h e a m p l i f i e ri s . T h e g a i n c a n b e a l t e r e da s
stated in D7.
H o w e v e r ,i f t o o m u c h i n p u t i s g i v e nt h e o u t p u t s i g n a lw i l l s t a r t t o
d r s t o r ta t a c e r t a i n l e v e l . T h i s l e v e l o f d i s t o r t i o ni s t h e , m a x i m u m
o u t p u t p o w e r ' a n d i s d e p e n d a n tu p o n t h e p o w e r s u p p l y v o l t a g e
u s e da n d t h e l o u d s p e a k e r ' isn p e d a n c e .
A g r a p hs h o w i n g t h i s d e p e n d a n c ei s g i v e n f o r t h e 2 6 0 i n s e c t i o n
D 8 4 ,a n d t h e c u r v e f r o m t h e 2 4 0 i s s i m i l a re x c e p tt h a t t h i s m u s t n o t
b e u s e da b o v e3 5 v d . c .
O u t p u t p o w e r i s n o t a m e a s u r eo f t h e s o u n d l e v e l y o u w i l l h e a r
from the speaker - since in normal use you shoulcl,neverrequireto
u s e t h e a m p l i f i e ra n y w h e r e n e a r i t s m a x i m u m p o w e r . A l t h o u g h
i n c r e a s i n gt h e p o w e r s u p p l y ' s r a t i n g w i l l i n c r e a s et h e m a x i m u m
power output it will have no effect on the sound at the level you
n o r m a l l yu s e - u n l e s sy o u a r e u s i n gt h e e x i s t i n gs y s t e ma t i t s l i m i t .
D6.2 Sound level
T h el e v e lo f s o u n d c o m i n gf r o m a n a m p l i fi e r d e p e n d su p o n t h e , g a i n ,
o f t h e a m p l i f l e r t, h e i n p u t l e v e la n d t h e l o u d s p e a k e r 'es f f i c i e n c ya n d
i n p e d a n c eS . o l o n g a s t h e s o u n d o u t p u t i s u n d i s t o r t e dt,h e s e a r e t h e
o n l y f a c t o r s i m p o s i n g a n y l i m i t a t i o n ,l f t h e r e f o r et h e s o u n d l e v e l
from the systemis too high one of these factorsmust be altered.
G a i na l t e r a t i o ni s c o v e r e di n s e c t i o nD 7 a n d ' i n p u t l e v e l ' i n s e c t i o n
C47.
D6.3. Loudspeakers
T h e t w o f a c t o r s w h i c h d e t e r m i n eh o w m u c h s o u n d a g i v e n l o u d -
s p e a k e rw i l l g i v e o u t w i t h a n a m p l i f i e ra r e i t s e f f i c i e n c ya n d i t s
rmpedance.
E f f i c i e n c yl s r a r e l y q u o t e d b y t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r ,b u t p r o b a b l y
v a r i e sf r o m 0 . 5 % t o 1 0 % a r a n g eo f 2 0 t o 1 . O t h e r t h i n g s b e i n g
e q u a l t h e 1 0 0 2e6f f i c i e n c yw i l l g i v e 2 0 t i m e s a s m u c h s o u n d a s t h e
0.5% one.
l m p e d a n c ei s a l w a y sq u o t e d a n d i s u s u a l l yq u o t e d a s 4 , B o r 1 6 ! l a
c h a n g eo f o n l y 4 t o o n e . T h e i m p e d a n c ec h a n g e a b o v e f r o m 1 6 ! l t o
4 O c o u l d g i v e a r r i n c r e a s ei n s o u n d o f o n l y 4 t i m e s .
H o w e v e r a s p e a k e rd o e s n o t h a v e a f i x e d i m p e d a n c e if you
w e r e t o a c t u a l l ym e a s u r ea n B f ] s p e a k eyr o u w o u l d g e t a n i m p e d a n c e
v a r y r n gb e t w e e np e r h a p s5 f ) a n d 2 0 Q .S o m e ' B [ ) '
s p e a k e r si n f a c t f a l l
a s l o w a s 2 i : a t c e r t a i nf r e o u e n c i e s .
W h e n c h o o s i n ga s p e a k e rt h e r e f o r ea l i s t e n i n gt e s t i s t o b e r e l i e d
o n f a r m o r e t h a n a n y w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n :t h e i m p e d a n c e i n
p a r t i c u l a ri s o n l y a g u i d e a n d i s n o t i m p o r t a n t .
D 6 . 3 . 1 .P e r m i s s i b l e impedance
2 4 0 ' sa n d 2 6 0 ' sa r e b o t h q u i t e s a f e i n t o n o r m a ls p e a k e r sw h i c h v a r V
b e t w e e n4 t ) a n d 1 6 t 2l.f s p e a k e r sa t t h e l o w e n d o f t h i s r a n g ea r e u s e d
f o r h i g h - v o l u m el e v e l t h e r e i s h o w e v e r a c h a n c e o f s o m e o v e r
heailng.
H i g h i m p e d a n c e sa b o v e' l6 f l a r e r a r e l ym e t b u t w i l l d o n o h a r m . B o t h
a m p l i f i e r as r e s a fe i n t o e v e n a r )o p e n c i r c r - r i t .
L o w i m p e d a n c e s ,i . e . b e l o w 4 O , w i l l , o n b o t h a m p l i f i e r s ,c a u s e
h e a t i n g ,l f t h e l o a d i s a p p l i e df o r t o o l o n g , o r i s a d i r e c t s h o r t - c i r c u i t ,
h e a t i n gr n a y b e e x c e s s i v ea n d w i l l c a u s e d a m a g e .T h i s i s e s p e c i a l l y
true of 240 and 260 used at or near the top of their permissible
r , p e r a t t n 0v o l t a U er a n g e s .
E l e c t r o s t a t iscp e a k e r sa r e n o t s u i t a b l ef o r u s e w i t h t h e 2 4 0 , b u t c a n
safely be used with the 260.
D 6 . 4 .H e a t s i n k i n g
T h e 2 6 0 \ o r 2 4 0 ) w h e n w o r k i n g h a r d ,g e t s h o t ( t h e t w o t r a n s i s t o r s
m o u n t e d o n t h e b l a c k f i n d i s s i p a t et h i s h e a t ) . l f t h e a m p l i f i e r i s
worked too hard and this heat is not removed, these output
t r a n s i s t o rw
s i l l g e t t o o h o t a n d w i l l f a i l .T h e p u r p o s eo f h e a t s i n k i n gi s
t o r e m o v et h i s h e a t .
N o r m a l l yt h e a m p l i f i e r sw i l l b e a s s e m b l e di n t o a m e t a l c h a s s i sa n d
t h i s w i l l b e u s e d a s t h e h e a r s i n k .F i g . A 1 . 2 . s h o w s s o m e w a y s i n
which a 240 or 260 can be mountedusinga metal blockto ensure
g o o d f l o w o f h e a t t o t h e c h a s s i s .I n h i g h p o w e r s i t u a t i o n st h i s
s i n k i n gi s v e r y i m p o r t a n t a n d i t i s a l s o i m p o r t a n t t h a t a l l c o n t a c t
s u r f a c e st h r o u g h w h i c h h e a t f l o w ( i . e . w h i c h c o n t a c t t h i s b l o c k )
s h o u l db e f l a t a n d f r e e f r o m b u r r s r o u n d t h e h o l e s .A l i g h t s m e a r o f
s i l i c o n eg r e a s eo r h e a t s i n kc o m p o u n d i s a l s o a d v i s a b l e .
T h e a m o u n t o f h e a t g e n e r a t e d( a n dt h u s t h e n e e d f o r h e a t s i n k i n o )
w i l l i n c r e a s ew : i t h i n c r e a s i n gs u p p l y v o l t a g e
w i t h d e c r e a s i n gs p e a k e ri m p e d a n c e .
w i t h i n c r e a s e do u t p u t v o l u m e .
T h u s , w i t h a P Z 5 ,y o u w i l l n o t n o r m a l l yr e q u i r ea n y h e a t s i n k i n g .
T h e P Z 5 i s t h e r e f o r eu s e d i n o u r l a v o u t i n a o l i n t h .
W i t h t h e P Z 8 ,h e a t s i n k i n gm u s t b e u s e d n o t o n l Vf o r t h e 2 6 0 , sb u t
a l s o f o r t h e P Z Bi t s e l f .
Y o u w i l l a l s o n e e d b e t t e r h e a t s i n k i n gw h e r e t h e a m p l i f i e ri s u s e d
f o r h i g h p o w e r s r a t h e rt h a n t h e f o r n o r m a l d o m e s t i cu s e .
A s a t e s t o f y o u r h e a t s i n k i n g- f e e l t h e b l a c kf i n o f t h e a m p l i f i e r .
l f t h i s , u n d e ra l l c o n d i t i o n s r, e m a i n so n l y w a r m , t h e n y o u r h e a t s i n k
i n g i s a d e q u a t e .l f i t i s m u c h t o o h o t t o t o u c h - - t h e n v o u r
h e a t s i n k i n gn e e d s i m p r o v e m e n t .
D6.5. Power supplies
N o r m a l l yt h e Z 4 0 w i l l b e u s e dw i t h a P Z 5o r p Z 6 a n d t h e 2 6 0 w i t h a
P Z 8 . H o w e v e r ,t h e p o w e r s u p p l y w i l l d e t e r m i n eh o w m u c h o o w e r
t h e . a m p l i f i e rc a n s u p p l y ( s e e s e c t i o n E 4 ) a n d t h i s w i l l d e t e r m i n e
h e a t s i n k i n gr e q u i r e m e n t s( s e c t i o nD 6 . 4 . ) .
T h e t a b l e b e l o w s h o w s r o u g h l y h o w m u c h c u r r e n tt h e 2 6 0 t a k e s
a t v a r i o u sp o w e r l e v e l s T . h e 2 4 0 w i l l b e s i m i l a ru p t o 3 5 V o p e r a t i o n .
Z I
50v 1 . 9 A( 4 0 w ) 1A ( 3 0 w ) 6 0 0 m(A
18w) T h e s ef i g u r e sa r e b a s e do n c o n t i n u o u ss i n e - w a v eo p e r a t i o na n d i n
40v 1 . 5 A( 3 5 w ) 8 0 0 m A( 1 9 w ) 4 5 0 m A( 1 0 w ) practlsecurrent consumption will be far less - sav lz - 3/cfor loud
'l
30v . 1 A( 2 0 w ) 6 0 0 r n A( 1 0 w ) 3 0 0 m A( 5 w ) p o p m u s i ca n d % % f o r n o r m a ld o m e s t i cl i s t e n i n g .
20v 7 0 0 m A( 7 w ) 4 0 0 m A1 3 . 5 w ) 1 5 0 m A( ' l. 5 w ) D6.5.1 Battery Operation
10v 3 0 0 m A( 1. 5 w ) 2 0 0 m A( . 5 w ) 7 5 m A( 0 . 3 w ) B e c a u s eo f t h e l o w c u r r e n tc o n s u m p t i o nb a t t e r i e sa r e a v e r y s u i t a b l e
p o w e r s u p p l y ; 1 2 V , 1 8 Yo r 2 4 V a r es u i t a b l ec o m b i n a t i o n s .
Rememberhowever that for a power of 5W f rom the amplifierthe
b a t t e r ym a y h a v et o g i v e u p t o 1 0 W , s o d o n ' t e x p e c tt o o m u c h f r o m
a s m a l l b a t t e r y .T h e b a t t e r y s h o u l d b e a b l e t o s u p p l y t h e c u r r e n t
i n d i c a t e da b o v e .
For battery operation the capacitor shown as C3 in D5 must be
i n c l u d e db u t i t s v a l u e s h o u l db e i n c r e a s e d1. 0 0 0 p Fi s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d
t h e m i n i m u m v a l u e b u t l a r g e r v a l u e s ( 5 , 0 0 0 r r Fo r 1 0 , 0 0 0 p F )a r e
a d v i s a b l ee s p e c i a l l yw i t h s m a l l e r s i z e s o f b a t t e r y . T h i s c a p a c i t o r
m u s t b e r a t e da t a w o r k i n g v o l t a g ee q u a l t o o r g r e a t e rt h a n t h a t o f
the chosen battery.

D7 Gain
A s s u p p l i e dt h e Z 4 Oh a s a g a i n o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y1 1 0 t i m e s a n d t h e
2 6 0 a b o u t 5 5 ( t h i sm e a n st h a t i t a Z 6 0 i s p u t i m m e d i a t e l yi n p l a c eo f a
Z 4 0 , t h e 2 6 0 w i l l n o t s o u n d a s l o u d ) .T h i s i s d o n e s o t h e 2 6 0 c a n b e
used with the earlierproject 60 system. In both amplifiersthe gain is
controlledby two resistors - R8 I R6 in 240 and R8 & R7 in 260 -
DA 3 240 layout s u c ht h a t t h e g a i n i n a p p r o x .

DA 2 240 circuit

R16

TR7

C6

1m0 25V
5K6
nt/
Ot22

R2 R7
t,7K 10K

TR4

A R9
LK7
R 1 2
t , 70

22
r
R 8 - R 6 ( o rR 7 )
R6 (orR7)
O n b o t h a m p l i fi e r st h e g a i n c a n b e i n c r e a s e db y f i t t i n g a n e x t e r n a l
resistoracrosspins 4 I7 : 4-l on the 240 or 1k8 on the 260 will double
the gain. The resistor can be decreased further if more gain is
r e q u i r e d ,b u t w i l l n o t n o r m a l l yb e l e s st h a n a b o u t 1 0 Qo n t h e 2 4 0
o r 1 8 0 o n t h e 2 6 0 ( g i v i n ga m a x i m u m g a i n o f a r o u n d 5 0 0 ) .
D10 Common faults
I n a n y p o w e r a m p l i f i e rt h e d e v i c e sm o s t l i k e l yt o f a i l a r e t h o s e w h i c h
d o m o s t w o r k - i . e .t h e o u t p u t t r a n s i s t o r sT r l 1 t 1 2 . l f o n e o r b o t h
f a i l t h e a m p l i f i e ra n d p o w e r s u p p l y m a y o v e r h e a t a n d i t w i l l b e
o b v i o u st h a t a s e v e r ef a i l u r eh a s o c c u r e d .
The protection on 240 and 260 will make this sort of failure
u n c o m m o n - e x c e p tw h e r e h e a t s i n k i n gi s i n a d e q u a t e . DA 9.1 Amplifier for crystalpick-up
Overheating d u r i n g n o r m a l u s e m a y s i m p l yi n d i c a t et h a t h e a t s i n k i n g
i s i n a d e q u a t e( s e e s e c t i o n D 6 . 4 . )b u t i t c a n a l s o i n d i c a t ei n s t a b i l i t y , d e v e l o p e da c r o s sR 1 6 ,w h i c h t u r n s T r 5 o n r e m o v i n gd r i v e f r o m T r 3
i n w h i c h c a s e i t m a y w e l l o c c u r o n o n e c h a n n e lo n l y . I n s t a b i l i t yi s a n d t h e n c ep r o t e c t i n gt h e o u t p U t .
c a u s e db y e x c e s s i v el e a dl e n g t h so r l a y o u t sw h i c h p l a c eo u t p u t s a n d On negativehalf cyclesTr8 is driven by phase inverterTr4. Excess
i n p u t st o o c l o s et o g e t h e r c u r r e n to n t h i s h a l f c y c l ei s d e t e c t e db y R 1 7 ,c a u s l n gT 1 6t o c o n d u c t
a n d r e d u c et h e d r i v et o T r 4 .

DA4 240 performance

DA Z4O Size 55xB0x25mm
DAl TechnicalDescription S u p p l yv o l t a g e tr 550.c.
T h e i n p u t s i g n a li s a p p l i e dt o T r 1 ' sb a s e ,w h i c h c o m p a r e si t w i t h p a r t O u i e s c e nct u r r e n t 1 5 m A t y p i c a l( t 5 m A ) a t 3 5 v .
o f t h e o u t p u t a n d a m p l i fi e s t h e d i f f e r e n c eT. r 2 m a t c h e sT r 1 ' s o u t p u t P o w e ro u t p u t 12w rms8!lat 35v.
t o T r 3 . a n d o r o v i d e sa l i m i t e dm a x i m u ma m o u n t o f d r i v et o T r 3 . 20w rms 4!lat 35v.
On positive-goinghalf cycles Tr3 drives the output transistorf rJ Distortion 0 . 1 % a t 1 0 w ,8 0 , l K H z .
d i r e c t l ya n d i f t h e c u r r e n t t h r o u g h T r 7 i s e x c e s s i v ea v o l t a g e i s I n p u ti m p e d a n c e 9 0 k f /+ 1 0 % .

DB 2 260 circuit

A
R1
39K

A t K f

100K
R20
D 5
A 0n1
R6 R11
39K

A C5
2P2
D6
TR3 c2
R2 C1 TR6 10n
39K 10
A TR12

R 5 R2 1
t , 70 10

z5
 -f3tZ

DB 3 260 layout

S/n ratio 70 oo. T 1 6p r o v i d e sa c o n s t a n tc u r r e n tI i m i to n n e g a t i v eh a l f c y c l e s .

'l00KHz
F r e q u e n c yr e s p o n s e 3 0 H zt o into8[iat 1w. T r 3 i s a c o n s t a n tc u r r e n t ' t a i l ' f o r T r 1 a n d 2 t o m a k e s u r e v o l t a g e
V o l t a g eg a i n 11 0 + 1 0 % . v a r i a t i o nd o e s n o t a l t e r p e r f o r m a n c e .
P e r m i s s i b lleo a d T h e o u t p u t t r a n s i s t o r s ( T r 1a1n d T r 1 2 )a r e d r i v e nb v T r 9 a n d T r 1 0 .
impedance 4. 8 or 16t]. a n d t h e c u r r e n t t h r o u g h T r 1 1 i s s e n s e da c r o s s R 1 9 . l f i t r i s e s . t o o
Protection s a f eo o e n c i r c u i t . m u c h T r 5 t u n r so n , l i m i t i n gt h e d r i v et o T r 9 . T r 5 i s a l s ot u r n e d o n b y
3 A c u r r e n tl i m i t i n t o l o w i m o e d a n c e . e x c e s sv o l t a g e a c r o s s T r 1 1 , s e n s e d b V t h e d i v i d e r c h a i n R 1 3 a n d
D a m p i n gf a c t o r 50with 8fl load. R 1 5 ,s o t h a t t h e l i m i t i n gi s o f p o w e r i n t h e o u t p u t t r a n s i s t o r .
P o w e rb a n d w i d t h 3 0 H zt o 3 5 K Q H z+ 3 d b . T r 7 p e r f o r m s a c o m p l e m e n t a r yf u n c t i o n o n t h e n e g a t i v e h a l f
I n p u ts e n s i t i v i t y 9 0 m V ( f o r 1 2 w i n t oB l ) ) . cvcle.
DAg Applications D84 Performance
T h e 2 6 0 m a y b e u s e di n s t e a do I a Z 4 0 i n t h e s ea p p l i c a t i o n sH. o w e v e r , Size 55x98x20mm
t h e 2 6 0 ' sg a i n i s a b o u t h a l f t h a t o f t h e 2 4 0 s o t h i s m a v n e e dt o b e S u p p l yv o l t a g e 1 0 - 5 0D C
rncreaseo. O u i e s c e nct u r r e n t l BmA at 45uapprox.
DA9.1 Amplifier lor crystalpick up P o w e ro u t p u t 25w into Stlat 50v
T h e c i r c u i ta b o v ew i l l s u i t a s i m p l er e c o r dp l a y e r . 40w into 4!lat 50v
O m i t R 2 u n l e s sm o r ' eg a i n i s r e q u i r e d( s e es e c t i o nD A . 7 ) . Distortion . 0 2 o /aoI 1 0 w ,B O a t l K H z
R 1 c a n b e i n c r e a s e dt o r e d u c et h e o u t p u t . l t w i l l a l s o i n c r e a s eb a s s I n p u ti m p e d a n c e 1 0 0 k* 1 0 %
resoonse. S,/N radio 70db
C 1 a f f e c t st r e b l e :i n c r e a s ei t f o r m o r e t r e b l e ,r e d u c ef o r l e s s . Frequencyresponse 'l
5 H zt o 2 0 0 K H z+ 3 d b
C2 need only be fitted if R2 is added. V o l t a g eg a i n 55+5%
P e r m i s s i b lleo a d i m p e d a n c e 4!)or greater
Protection S a f eo p e n c i r c u i t
DB Z60 S u p p l y - v o l t a gdee p e n d a n tc u r r e n t
l i m i ti n t o l o w i m p e d a n c e s
DB1 TechnicalDescription D a m p i n gf a c t o r depends upon output capacitor
Tr1 and Tr2 from a long tailed pair used to compare dc and ac used (100 with 2,20OuFinto 8Q at
c o n d i t i o n so n t h e i n p u t w i t h t h o s ea t t h e o u t p u t . 1K H z )
I n p u t c o n d i t i o n sa r e , a t d c , t h e p o t e n t i a lo n t h e j u n c t i o n o f R 1 I T h e c u r v e b e l o w s h o w s h o w t h e p o w e r o u t p u t v a r i e sw i t h s u p p l y
R 2 a n d , a t a c , t h e a c t u a li n p u t s i g n a l . v o l t a g ef o r v a r i o u sl o u d s p e a k e r s :
T h e o u t p u t c o n d i t i o n sa r e t h e d c p o t e n t i a o l n the output but onlv
a p a r t o f t h e a c l e v e l ,d e f i n e db y R 7 a n d R B .T r 1 ' s c o l l e c t o rs h o w s a n D88 Switch on surge
o u t p u t p r o p o r t i o n atl o t h e d i f f e r e n c ei n i n p u t a n d o u t p u t , w h i c h i s A t s w i t c h o n , d e p e n d i n gu p o n t h e p o w e r s u p p l y u s e d ,a l a r g es u r g e
fed to Tr4. Tr8 is in serieswith Tr4 to provide a current limit so the m a y b e p r e s e n ti n t h e l o u d s p e a k e rT. h e P Z 8 M a r k 3 i n c l u d e sa c i r c u i t
output transistorshave the same amount of drive availabilityat all t o l i m i t t h i s s u r g eb u t w i t h o t h e r s u p p l i e si t c a n b e s e v e r ee n o u g ht o
supply voltages.Tr8 only limits drive on positivegoing half cycles. d a m a g ea s m a l ls p e a k e ro f 3 ! l o r s o .

.A
r
40
a
t
:30
i
Rzo
F
f
o
F
3ro

20 25 30
SUPPLY VOLTAGT

DB 4 Power outlet curve DB 9.2.1 Full bridge circuit

F i g . D B . 8 i l l u s t r a t e sa n a d d i t i o n a lc i r c u i tw h i c h c a n b e a d d e d t o
reduce this surge. One circuit may drive several 260s, but the
capacitorC1 should be doubled for two 260s,trebled for three. etc.
+ VE SUPPLY
be 8O or more, since with an 8[l speakereach 260 ,sees,4O and will
(from fig D84) give approximately40w into this 4f] load (from bOv
s u p p l y ) .T h u s b o t h t o g e t h e rw i l l d r i v ea n S O s p e a k ear t u p t o 8 0 w .
( f i gD 8 9 . 2 . 1 )
S i m i l a r l yt h e c i r c u i tc a n g i v e u p t o 6 0 w i n r o l 6 e ( e a c h a m o l i f i e r
o p e r a t e si n t o 8 O a n dg i v e s3 0 w ) .
C a r em u s t b e t a k e n w i t h t h e w i r i n g w h i c h s h o u l d b e a s s h o r t a s
possible.Fig D89.2.2 shows the wiring of the bridge with the two
amplifiersmounted aboul 1/2"to 1" apart (one of the heatsinkblocks
s h o w n i n f i g A ' l . 2 i s i d e a l ) .N o t e i n p a r t i c u l a rt h a t p i n s 1 - 1, 2 - 2 , 3 - 3
are joined together with one wire f rom each pair to the earth point.

-D PIN 7 260 a

+ P l N 7 2 6 0 b

100 KJI

DB B Switch-on surge
DBg Applications
DB9.2 Full Bridge Circuitfor 60w
The circuit of DB9.2.1shows how two Z60s can be connected back-
to-back in a full bridge to double the output power. Each 260 in
effect operatesinto half of the speaker.Speaker impedanceshould
DB 9.1.2 OscillatoroutouL
VOLTS OUT POWER
(RMS)
SUPPLY

DB 9.2.2 Full bridge wiring

This arrangementcan suit two bridges,with a common point for

both.
Heatsinkingis of prime importanceon the bridge - a 60w bridge
may have to dissipate30w itself, so all surfaces in contact must be
flat and all holes must be deburred. Siliconegreasemust be used to
ensuregood heatflow.
One PZB will drive two bridges - but will slightly restrict full
output with SQ,speakers. lf maximum power is required,two pZgs
can be used (when two transformerswill be needed),one for each
POWER SUPPLY
bridge. Two earth points can now be used - one for each
VOLTAGE(DC)
bridge/ PZ8 combination.

z5
 The output capacitors are included to give some protection 100K
against low impedanceloads at low frequencies,and to ensure that R4.
any slight DC imbalancedoes not cause current through the
speaker. Note that if the bridge's gain is to be increased,only the b is a non-invertinginput, which should be used from a low source
gain of the first 260 should be altered. impedance to minimise offset voltaEe. R5 (2K7) can be added if
necessarv.

D89.4.2 a + binputcircuits
DB 9.2.3 Full bridge mounting
Fig D89.2.3 shows how two Z60s are mounted on one heatsink Absolute maximum ratings Assuming the amplifier is well heat-
'floating
block, with a earth point' between them. Wires go from sinked,so that the transistorcase temperaturedoes not rise above
this point to power supply, chassis, preamp, etc. lf two bridges 50 C, the transistor maximum dissipationis 50w. This heatsinking
are used with a common power supply, the inset earthing is best. will be difficult in practice becauseof thermal resistancefrom case
T e r m i n a l s1 - 1, 2 - 2 , 3 - 3 a r e c o n n e c t e dw i t h o n e w i r e f r o m e a c hp a i r t o through transistor insulating mica and heat fin to the heatsink
the common earth point for all four amplifiers. proper, so the specificationsare for guidance only and are not
D89.4. DC Amplifier c o n t i n u o u sm a x i m a .
This application is not suggested for the less experienced con- Supply voltage maximum 23-0-23v.
structor. L o a dc u r r e n tm a x i m u m 4 4 .
Load resistancemaximum must alwavs be lessthan
DB 9.4.1 DC amplifier Vs2 and Vs, which ever is the smaller.
200 6
Thus with a 23v supply, Vs2 gives2.6 and Vs gives 3.8.
200 6
I n p r a c t i c el o a d i m p e d a n c es h o u l d b e g r e a t e rt h a n 4 O
Inductive loads lf the load is highly reactive a series resistor is
n e c e s s a r yW . i t h m o t o r s u s i n g b r u s h e sa v e r y ' s p i k y ' b a c k E M F i s
given and the circuit below is suggested.

lou
25V
Reversible
The figure shows the basic connectionsfor using the 260 as a dc DB 9.4.3 Motor drive circuit
amplifier.Note that a split power supply voltage is used. This supply
must be symmetrical but can varv between 5-0-5 and 25-0-25.
However, use at high voltages can result in excessivecurrent if the
load is of low resistanceand this could destroythe amplifier
E PowerSupplies
R 1 a n d R 3 , D 1 a n d D 2 a n d R V 1 a r e i n c l u d e da s a ' s e t z e r o ' c i r c u i t E4 Specif ications
to adjust the zero voltage level on the output. The setting will be The power supply chosen will determinethe power output obtained
somewhat dependant upon the source impedance connected be- from the whole system so that, it a PZ5 is chosen, this will limit the
tweenterminals5S6. output to around 12w total output into 40.
Inputs With the PZ6the output will be 25w total into SQor 4O(e.9.12w +
Fig. DB9.4.2.a & b show two input circuits - a is a virtual ' earth 12w into 80, 11w *11w into 4O but about20w into 4O with onlv
invertingmode input and the gain will be approximately o n e c h a n n e ld r i v e n ) .

Zf)
 The PZ8 will drive 240's fully (if it's voltage is reduced to 35) into
any impedance,and will drive the 260 at full power into BQ.
However, into 4{lthe PZ8's current limit starts to operate to give
extra orotection. the full 40 + 40w will not be reached with both
c h a n n e l sd r i v e ns i m u l t a n e o u s l y .
Thus in the table below, expected output powers are given for
variouscombinationsof power supply. Columns 1 t 2 apply to 240
butwon't be affected much bv use of a 260. Column 3 is with a PZ8
set at 35v, with 240 or 260 (260 here will show increasedpower into
4Q,of 25 & 25w). Column 4 is a normal PZ8at 50v with 260's.
1. 2. 3. 4.
PZs PZ6 PZB PZg
reduced 50v
B o t hc h a n n e ldsr i v e n 4 Q 6+6 1 1 - F 1 12 0 + 2 0 3 0 + 3 0
8A 4 % + 4 Y , 1 2 +1 2 t z + t z z 5 + z 5
150 3+3 7+1 7+ 7 14+14
O n ec h a n n edl r i v e n 4 O 8 2 0 20 45
EB 2 PZ6 circuit
80 5% 13 tz z5
1 5[ ) 4 l 7 1 4 protectlon it is strongly recommended that a fuse be inserted in
serieswith the mains connectionsto the transformer. For PZ5 and
EA/EB PZ' 8 PZ6 PZ6this can be 250mA anti surge. For the PZ8 transformerit should
be 500mA anti surge.
EA1 PZS Description lf the fuse also provides power to other equipment (e.9. the
turntablemotor) then this rating will need to be further increased.
The PZSconsistsof a centre tapped transforrnerfeeding a full-wave
A two pole switch should be used in the mains to provide
rectifierwith a 2000pF reservoircapacitor,to give a no-load output
completeisolation.
of approx.28v.
EA5.1.2.110v operation
The transformerhas a twin primaryfor series/paralleloperationon
To change from 22Ov to 110v the red and pink wires from the
220vor 110v ranges.
transformer(at presentconnected to land B in fig. EA.3) should be
unsoldered. Now connect the red wire to the same land as is
EB1 PZ6 Description
connected the mauve wire, and connect the pink wire to the same
The PZ6 uses the same transformeras the PZ5 but feeding a bridge l a n d a s i s c o n n e c t e dt h e o r a n g ew i r e .
rectifierto give approx. 56v dc on the 1000pFcapacitor. F o r 11 0 vo p e r a t i o nt h e f u s e r a t i n gs h o u l db e d o u b l e d .
At switch on, there is no voltage on the output, but the voltage on To change from 110 to 220v the above procedure must be
the junction of R1 I R2 forward biasis D1, slowly charges up C2. reverseo.
Tr4'sbase risesand it passesslowly increasingcurrent to Tr3 I Tr1. EA5.2.Output
The output voltage starts to rise until about 9v when ZD1 becomes Output of the PZ5,/6is between + & terminals.The - output is
forward biased. isolatedfrom the chassis.
Tr4 now compares the zener voltage on its emitter with a
proportion of the output voltage fed back from VR1, and adjusts EA 3 PZ5layout
driveto Tr1 I 3 to stabilizethe output voltage dependant upon the
s e t t i n go f V R 1 .
Fs1is a fuse to give some protection and this will infact blow after
a few secondson a heavy overloadif 3 or 4 speakersare in use.
lf a direct short circuit occurs across the output however, transi-
stors mav fail as well as FS1 so if the fuse has blown the rest of
the circuit should be tested before replacing.
To test the circuit disconnectit: + I - outputs, replaceFS1 by a
1aslow blow and switch on, with a voltmeter acrossthe output. The
voltage will rise quickly to about 15v and will then slow down,
stopping at 35v. VR1 should now adjust the stabilized voltage
between20 and 50v approximately.

EA5 Connections
EA5.1.Mains conneutions
Live (L) and neutral {N) are connected via appropriateswitches and
fuses to L 8 N on the PZ5/P26. Earth connects either directly or
indirectlvto the chassis(-ve terminal).
E A s . 1 . 1F. u s ea n d s w i t c h
Whilst the output (dc) of the power suppliesdoes not requiref urther

EA 2 PZS circuit EA10 Common faults - PZ5

The PZS'scircuitry is so simple that there is very little to go wrong
with it and it will even survive a short circuit across its output for
some period.
Overheatinglf the transformergets hot it is usually because one of
the amplifiersis at fault. Disconnect both Z40s and when the PZ5
has cooled down switch on again.The PZ5should remain cool.
Faultydiode. Occasionallyone or other diode may fail open-circuitor
short circuit. Open circuit failure will cause an increasein hum level
( a n da h u m f r e q u e n c yc h a n g ef r o m 1 0 0 H z t o 5 0 H z ) b u t m a y n o t b e
noticed. A short circuit diode will cause overheating. Both con-

27
 -{I-
G
G C 1
-
F
I
I
F
I
Oemitter
TRl
acdlector
L-
ditions can be tested with an ohm meter, or by disconnectingone
wire from the transformer secondary: if the PZS functions in this
condition then the diode that is not disconnected is working
properly.
Service.About two thirds of PZSsreturned for servicedo not have
anyfaultat all.
EBl0 Common faults - PZO
The PZ6 is not protected, but includesa fuse to restrict damage. lf
the fuse blows, then it is possiblethat other damage has occured. lt
is not safe to replacethe fuse and put the PZOback in circuit, since
other damage can causethe PZ6'svoltage to increaseto 55v (which
is the normal off-load voltage across C1). To test, disconnect the
P Z 6 f r o m c i r c u i t , r e p l a c et h e f u s e ( 1 A a n t i s u r g e )a n d s w i t c h o n .
Measurethe output voltage,which should be adjustablebetween 20
and 50 approximately.lf this is correct,then it is safe to test the PZ6
in circuit.
Fuse repeatedlyfails. lf speakersare of low impedance(5 or less)
and the volume os turned too high, the fuse will fail with no other
d a m a g eo c c u r i n g .l f t h i s h a p p e n st h e f u s e m a y b e u p r a t e dt o 1 . 2 5 A
antisu!'ge.lf the mains fuse repeatedlyfails, then the extra equip-
ment driven off the fuse may be at fault, or the wrong type of fuse
mav be in use.
Overheating.The PZ6 in use does get quite warm, especiallywhen
tuner and decoderare in use from it, or when high volume levelsare
i n u s e . l t i s u n l i k e l yt h a t a f a u l t c a u s i n g o v e r h e a t i n gc o u l d o c c u r
within the PZ6 without causing severe audible symptons. The PZ6
transformer should not get much too hot to touch.
Serviceexperienceshows that PZ6 failure often accompaniesfailure
of one power amplifier.When an amplifierfails, the PZ6 should be
checked.
EC PZB
ECl CircuitDescription
Tr4 and 5 form a long-tailedpair which comparesthe reference
v o l t a g eo n Z D 1 w i t h t h a t p r e s e not n t h e s l i d e ro f V R 1 .l t s o u t p u t
26
EB 3 PZ6layout
'triple'
controls the Darlington Tr1, 2 and 3 in such a way as to
minimizethe differencebetween the two.
At the same time, if the output voltage is at its nominal value of
50v, T16is turned hard on by the referencedeveloped on its base by
R 1 0 a n d R 1 1 .T h e t a i l c u r r e n tt h r o u g h t h e d i f f e r e n t i a p l air is then
limited by the zener voltage, less Vbe in Tr4, across R8. As the
output current through Tr1 increasesits base voltage increasesby
v i r t u e o f t h e i n c r e a s i n gv o l t a g ed r o p i n R 1 . A s t h e b a s e v o l t a g eo n
the triple rises,R4's current increases,drawing more current through
T r 4 u n t i l , w h e n T r 4 i s c o n d u c t i n g t h e w h o l e o f t h e a v a i l a b l et a i l
c u r r e n tt h e c i r c u i t s t o p s s t a b i l i z i n ga n d t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e f a l l s a s
c u r r e n t l i m i t i n go c c u r s . T h e c i r c u i t t h u s g i v e s a l i m i t e d c u r r e n t o f
between4-6 amps at 50v, see the curve.
lf severelimiting occurs the output voltage drops. This could
resultin over-dissipation in Tr1, but the reduced output voltage
c a u s e sT 1 6t o t u r n o f f , t h r o u g h R 1 0 a n d R 1 1 , f u r t h e r r e d u c i n gt h e
limited current and dropping the output voltage. Positive feedback
o c c u r sa n d t h e c i r c u i t ' t r i p s 'i n t o a s e n s i n gs t a t e w h e n i t c a n n o t g i v e
more then 200-250mA.Tr1 still dissipates,about 10 watts (200 mA at
50v across it) but D1-D3 are in intimatethermal contact (being
mounted on the heatsinkbelow the transistor)and prevent thermal
r u n a w a y - i n f a c t b o t h t h e h i g h c u r r e n t a n d l o w c u r r e n t l i m i t sa r e
r e d u c e ds l i g h t l yw h e n t h e c i r c u i ti s h o t .
The circuit rests in its sensingstate safely - until such time as the
o v e r l o a dv a n i s h e s ,w h e n t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e r i s e s a n d t h e c i r c u i t
t u r n sb a c ko n a g a i n .
An additionalattractivefeature is the circuitry of Tr7, D4 and C4.
Before switch on C4 is discharged. At switch on it charges up
through R5 and TrTs base. The value of C4 is then effectively
multiplied by the gain of Tr7 and thus charges very slowly, with it
rises the output voltage. Thus to start with, the output current is
heavilylimited (200mA). lt is therefore incrediblygentle to the 260s,
w h i c h , d e p e n d i n g o n o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r sa n d s p e a k e r s ,t a k e 2 - 1 5
s e c o n d st o s w i t c h o n . D u r i n g t h i s t i m e m a n y l i m i t a t i o n sa n d i n t e r -
actions occur between the slowly rising potential, the slowly in-
c r e a s i n g c u r r e n t l i m i t , t h e c h a r g i n g o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r s ,a n d t h e
switch on performanceof the 260. The noise present in the 260 may
l

63v i (ov)
' ' + { +
1 . , 1 : : I r
r F,a f,i,= rlt,:.
a :lri^
:1 ll ,rR7 f 'F'
--.I"u
C ) r " " " 1 1, 1 1 3
. )
. { o,I,

'
ri . *1""f.
a
i r;],",.,_J1 ,\.n-,-1:i; tovl I
t t .Rt ..^{'ou
:^"' i'l;
'n^uR r
, !, -.,u ll_,^0.. =c3
b 4 I
o . o ' D ' c ? ^ . .
IP - '. ';.i:
\ 1t1
'r ,i00!- ' \' : ""
^.: 20
cr* !!.y
MrN ll : ,|r,1,"
I - j _ _2 2 ! ,+,
. -. . j ,,|;o; ^- - - r . s v . i''
ia:
* A S S U M I N4G
6 Vn . I N P U T 01250 10
0v
. . . .L . ,1l L _, ' ' TRr ( r5v) 1

()VOLTACISRLrftRtO IO +v. Of C1
q

,
EC2 PZB circuit o

b e a n y t h i n gf r o m a d u l l w o o m p h w o o m p h t o a z z i p p - s q u e a kl.t i s
entirelysafe however.

EC4
T h e c u r v e s h o w s t h e r e - e n t r a n tc u r r e n t l i m i t i n g o n t h e P Z 8 M a r k EC4 Performance curve
1 1 1 , a n d h o w t h i s b e h a v e s w i t h a r e s i s t i v el o a d . R e f e r t o t h e
t e c h n i c adl e s c r i p t i o nf o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n . a n d t h e u n i t s w i t c h e sd o w n t h e r e s i s t o rl o a d l i n et o D .
A t A t h e c i r c u i t h a s s w i t c h e do n a n d s t a b i l i z e du, n d e r n o l o a d .A s A s t h e r e s i s t a n c ei s i n c r e a s e dc u r r e n t r e m a i n sc o n s t a n t ( l i m i t e d )
the resistiveloading is increasedthe current rises until B is reached b u t v o l t a g e r i s e st o E . T h e s e n s i n g c i r c u i t n o w s w i t c h e s t h e u n i t
( 5 A ) .L i m i t i n gn o w o c c u r s u n t i la t C t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g es e n s o rw o r k s b a c k .u o t h e l o a d l i n et o F

E C 3 PZBlayout

*xxw*;x-f,T*ffi
s *

29

Note the line from C to E: this can be plotted as the trip current for
varying stabilizedvoltage setting of VR1 - the pecked trace shows
the current/voltage curve at 20V.
EC5 Connections
Input. The PZ8 requiresan input in the region of 40v ac, which must
be suppliedfrom a transformer.
A suitable transformer will be rated at 24 continuous, with an
o u t p u t v o l t a g eo f n o t m o r e t h a n 4 5 v m a x i m u m . l f t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e
i s r e d u c e dt h e n t h e i n p u t c a n b e r e d u c e da l s o . I n p u t v o l t a g ec a n b e
m a d e u p t o 2 0 o / ol e s s t h a n t h e r e q u i r e do u t p u t v o l t a g e .A s u i t a b l e
t r a n s f o r m e ri s t h e M T l 0 4 o r 1 0 5 .a v a l l a b l ef r o m H e n r y ' s R a d i o a n d
most other component retailers.
O N N O A C C O U N TM U S T M A I N S B E C O N N E C T E DD I R E C TT O
THE PZ8.
40V ac inout connects to the terminalson the PZBmarked
Output. + ve and ve outputs are marked + and -. The -ve
outDut is connected to the heatsink,
ECO Voltage Adjustment
The PZ8's voltage is adjusted by means of VR1, between a maxi-
mum of about 6Ov and 20v minimum. A voltmeter is required to
measurethe output voltage if this is readjusted.
EC7 Mounting and Heatsinking
PZB'smounting and heatsinkingrequirementsare the same as those
of the 260, covered in Section D6.4 and A1.2.
EC10Common faults
Failure of the PZ8 is rare because of its sophisticated protection
clrcuitry.
No output. PZ8, working into a damaged Z6O, may detect this
damage and shut itself off, giving no output. This does not indicatea
fault in the PZ8. Disconnect one or other 260 to locate the fault.
Overheating.The PZ8 will overheat if heatsinkingis not adequate:
see Sections A1 .2 and D6.4.
An area of copper on PCB has overheated.The PZB has two thin
sectionsof copper on its board, in serieswith the rectifier,to act as
f uses.These can only fail if the rectifieris destroyed.When replacing
the rectifier, these can be bridged over with one strand from a
7/0016 flexible wire (fuse rating about 7,A).
F OtherParts
FA P.805Masterlink
FA1 Description
The P.805 masterlink contains input sockets for pickup, radio and
tape recorder connections, and speaker output sockets, with con-
necting points for the other modules in the project.
30
JL,I.JL
JLJLJI
JLJIJL|-JLJL
FA 3 Masterlink laYout
It also has alternativeconnections,by means of push-fit wires, for
p i c k u p , w h e n t h e w h o l e p r o j e c t i s t o b e p l i n t h - m o u n t e d .F a c i l i t i e s
are also providedfor connectionof headphones.
The masterlinkalso containsdecouplingcapacitorfor use with the
t u n e r ( s e eS e c t i o n8 6 . 1 )a n d a t t e n u a t o r s( v a r i a b l er e s i s t o r sf)o r r a d i o
and tape recorderinputs to the Stereo80. lt also contains resistorsin
p i c k u pi n p u t f o r u s e w i t h h i g h o u t p u t c a r t r i d g e s .
FA3 Layout
N o t e R V 1 a n d R V 2 a r e n o t i n c l u d e d i n t h e ' m a s t e r l i n kw h i c h i s
matchedto the P.80tuner. lf a different tuner, with a higher output,
i s u s e d ,R V l a n d R V 2 c a n b e a d d e d .U s e4 7 K p o t s ,
R3,4,5& 6 are not fitted: space is left so that a PZ6 or PZBcan be
used (subjectto laboratorytesting)at a later date.
Appendix
Service and guarantee
All SinclairProject80 modules are covered by a 24 month guarantee
d u r i n gw h i c h t i m e w e w i l l r e c t i f ya t n o c h a r g e ,a n y f a u l t w i t h i n t h e
m o d u l e w h i c h i s n o t c a u s e d b y m i s u s e ,s u b i e c t t o t h e f o l l o w i n g
conditions.
1 . T h e i t e m m u s t b e r e t u r n e da s a m o d u l e i . e . n o t w i r e d i n t o t h e
customer's own box - direct to us, properly packed so as to
a v o i dd a m a g e .
2 . A l e t t e r m u s t b e i n c l u d e ds t a t i n gy o u r n a m e a n d a d d r e s s( b l o c k
, h e r e a n d w h e n p u r c h a s e d t, h e n a t u r e o f t h e
c a p i t a l sp l e a s e ) w
f a ul t .
3. The item must not have been damaged by misuse or inexpert
attempts at repair, or have been modified either electricallyor
m e c h a n i c a l lfvr o m t h e c o n d i t i o n si n w h i c h s u p p l i e d o
, t h e rt h a n a s
d e s c r i b e di n t h i s m a n u a l .
Pleasenote that we cannot undertake to answer letters sent in
with equipment for repair,although every effort will be made to
oo so.
U n d e rn o c i r c u m s t a n c ecsa n w e a c c e p te q u i p m e n tb a c k w i r e d u p
unlessa previousagreementhas been made in writing.
We regretwe cannot undertaketo service equipment brought in
p e r s o n a l l y ,w h i l e - y o u - w a i t ,u n l e s s a n a p p o i n t m e n t h a s b e e n
m a d ei n a d v a n c e .
Where the equipment is not covered by the guarantee for any
reason we will normally be able to service on a standard charge
basis.The standard charges are f1.50 each for 240 and 260 and
12.00each for all other modules.These pricesdo nor include VAT
which must be added. This fee should be sent with the item for
reDalr.
Spare parts are availablefor those who wish to do their own
service- price listsare availableon request.Cash with order only
prease.
Naturallysparesare free if evidence is shown that the failure is
u n d e rg u a r a n t e e .
 Templates

TOP Preamp Masterlink

+ +
a -

a--
Y -r

AFU
rr

o
n

TOP

Tuner R e m o v ea r e am a r k e d - - - - w h e nm o u n t i n oo n m e t a l .

TOP Switch Unit TOP

rh
\r -d
/+" (6mm) Y

-f--

$ tfr"." holes 7e" (3mm). + Theseholest/."(5mm).

Q1
writtenby RichardJ. Torrens
illustratedby Stan North

Publishedby Sinclair RadionicsLtd.. London Road., St. lves., Hunts PE17 4HJ

Designed and Printed by Photo PrecisionLtd., St. lves, Hunts

Publicationnumber TFOI