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3Prep- FirstTerm-UnitTwo
Light Energy-Mirrors & Lenses
Types of Mirrors：
1- Flat Mirrors
2- Spherical Mirrors：-
（a） Concave Mirrors
（b） Convex Mirrors
Give a reason For Answer
1-Convex mirror is To show the path
placed in front of the behind the car。
driver。

2- Concave mirror is To reflect light in front

used in the front lights of the car。
of car。
3-Lenses are used in To study the
telescopes。 planets。
3- Lenses are used To examine the
In microscopes。 microscopic objects 。
4- Lenses are used in To treat the
making medical impairments of vision.
glasses。

The Properties of the image of the objects

formed by the Plane Mirror：
1- Upright 2- Equal to the object
2- Laterally inverted （ Reversed）
3- Virtual （Cannot be received on a screen）
4- The distance of the object to the mirror
= the distance of the image to the mirror
5- The straight line connecting the object and
its image is perpendicular to the mirror
surface。

Laws of the Reflection of light：

First Law：
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

Second Law：
The incident light ray，the reflected light ray
and the normal line all lie in the same plane
perpendicular to the reflecting surface。
Concepts Concerning Reflecting of light：
Reflection of light：
The bouncing of the incident light ray in the
same medium when it strikes a reflecting
surface。
The Incident Ray The Reflected Ray
It is the light ray It is the light ray
that： falls on that： bounces from
the reflecting surface the reflecting surface

Angle of Incidence Angle of Reflection

It is the angle It is the angle
between the incident between the reflected
light ray and the light ray and the
normal line. normal line.
The Spherical Mirror:
It is a mirror that its reflecting surface is a
part of a hollow sphere.

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

Converging Diverging
Its reflecting surface Its reflecting surface
Is a part of the inner Is a part of the outer
surface of the sphere surface of the sphere
Center of Mirror Curvature:
It is the center of the sphere that the mirror is
considered a part of it.

The Center of the The Center of the

Curvature of the Curvature of the
Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

In front of the behind the

reflecting surface reflecting surface

The Radius of Curvature of the Mirror(r):

It is the radius of the sphere that the mirror is
a part of it.
The Pole of the Mirror
(P):
The point that is in the middle
Of the reflecting surface of the
Mirror.

The Principal axis of the mirror( CP):

The straight line that passes by the pole of the
mirror and its center of curvature.
The Secondary axis of the mirror:
Any straight line that passes by the center of
curvature of the mirror and any point on its surface
except the pole of the mirror.
The Focal Length of the concave mirror:
It is the distance between the focus of the concave
mirror and its pole.

The relation between the focal length and the

radius of curvature:
Focal Length = Radius of Curvature /2
F=R/2

The Rules to determine the direction of the

reflecting light rays incident on the concave mirror:
Case(1) The incident light It reflects passing
ray parallel to the through the focus.
principal axis
Of the mirror
Case(2) The incident light It reflects parallel
ray passing to the
through the focus Principal axis.
of the mirror
Case(3) The incident light It reflects back on
ray passing itself.
through the
center of the
mirror
The Formation of the images on a convex mirror:
Always Smaller & Upright & Virtual