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Law of _________________________________
2.1
Atom bukan bagian terkecil lagi...
Menurut dalton, atom adalah bagianterkecil penyusun
suatu unsur
Percobaan menunjukkan atom memiliki 3 elemen
penyusun, yaitu elektron, proton dan neutron
A = alpha J.J. Thomson, measured mass/charge of e-
B = gamma
C = beta (1906 Nobel Prize in Physics) 2.2
Measured mass of e-
(1923 Nobel Prize in Physics)
2.2
Chadwick’s Experiment (1932)
H atoms - 1 p; He atoms - 2 p
mass He/mass H should = 2
measured mass He/mass H = 4
-24 -19
Proton (p) 1.67 x 10 +1.6 x 10 +1
Mass Number A
ZX
Element Symbol
Atomic Number
1 2 3
1H 1H (D) 1H (T)
235 238
92 U 92 U
2.3
2.3
Do You Understand Isotopes?
2.3
2.4
Noble Gas
Halogen
Group
Period
Alkali Earth Metal
Alkali Metal
____________ is an aggregate of two or more atoms in
a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds
2.5
An ____ is formed when an atom, or group of atoms,
has a net positive or negative charge (why?).
_____ – ion with a positive charge
If a neutral atom _______ one or more electrons
it becomes a cation.
11 protons 11 protons
Na 11 electrons Na+ 10 electrons
2.5
Do You Understand Ions?
27 3+
How many protons and electrons are in 13 Al ?
2.5
2.5
2.6
A ___________ formula shows the exact number
of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a
substance
molecular empirical
H2 O H2O
C6H12O6 CH2O
O3 O
N2H4 NH2
2.6
Ionic compounds consist of a cation and an anion
• the formula is always the same as the empirical formula
• the sum of the charges on the cation and anion in each
formula unit must equal zero
2.6
Formula of Ionic Compounds
2 x +3 = +6 3 x -2 = -6
Al2O3
Al3+ O2-
1 x +2 = +2 2 x -1 = -2
CaBr2
Ca2+ Br-
1 x +2 = +2 1 x -2 = -2
Na2CO3
Na+ CO32-
2.6
Some Polyatomic Ions
NH4+ ammonium SO42- sulfate
CO32- carbonate SO32- sulfite
- -
HCO3 bicarbonate NO3 nitrate
ClO3- chlorate NO2- nitrite
Cr2O72- dichromate SCN- thiocyanate
CrO42- chromate OH- hydroxide
2.7
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
often a metal + nonmetal
anion (nonmetal), add “ide” to element name
K2O _________?__________
Mg(OH)2 _________?__________
KNO3 _________?_________
2.7
Transition metal ionic compounds
indicate charge on metal with Roman numerals
2.7
Molecular compounds
nonmetals or nonmetals + metalloids
common names
H2O, NH3, CH4, C60
2.7
Molecular Compounds
HI ___________________
NF3 ___________________
SO2 ___________________
N2Cl4 ___________________
2.7
An acids can be defined as a substance that yields
hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
HCl
•Pure substance, hydrogen chloride
•Dissolved in water (H+ Cl-), hydrochloric acid
HNO3 ________________
H2CO3 ________________
H2SO4 ________________
2.7
2.7
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClO
Dengan cara yang sama
HBrO4
HBrO3
HBrO2
HBrO
A basic can be defined as a substance that yields
hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
NaOH ______________
KOH _________________
Ba(OH)2 _________________
2.7
Apa nama dari senyawa berikut?
Na2CrO4
K2 H2PO4
NH4NO2
Ag2CO3
KMnO4
P4O6
HIO