c06.

qxd 10/28/10 6:33 PM Page 248

248 CHAP. 6 Laplace Transforms

6.8 Laplace Transform: General Formulas

Formula Name, Comments Sec.

ⴥ
F(s) ⫽ l{ f (t)} ⫽ 冮
0
eⴚstf (t) dt Definition of Transform
6.1
f (t) ⫽ lⴚ1{F(s)} Inverse Transform

l{af (t) ⫹ bg(t)} ⫽ al{ f (t)} ⫹ bl{g(t)} Linearity 6.1

l{eatf (t)} ⫽ F(s ⫺ a)

s-Shifting
lⴚ1{F(s ⫺ a)} ⫽ eatf (t) (First Shifting Theorem) 6.1

l( f r ) ⫽ sl( f ) ⫺ f (0)

l( f s ) ⫽ s 2l( f ) ⫺ sf (0) ⫺ f r (0) Differentiation of Function

l( f (n)) ⫽ s nl( f ) ⫺ s (nⴚ1)f (0) ⫺ Á 6.2
Á ⫺f (nⴚ1)
(0)
t
le 冮 f (t) dtf ⫽ 1s l( f )
0
Integration of Function

t
( f * g)(t) ⫽ 冮 f (t)g(t ⫺ t) dt
0
t
⫽ 冮 f (t ⫺ t)g(t) dt
0
Convolution 6.5

l( f * g) ⫽ l( f )l(g)

l{ f (t ⫺ a) u(t ⫺ a)} ⫽ eⴚasF(s)

˛

t-Shifting
ⴚ1 6.3
l {eⴚasF (s)} ⫽ f (t ⫺ a) u(t ⫺ a) (Second Shifting Theorem)

l{tf (t)} ⫽ ⫺F r (s) Differentiation of Transform

ⴥ 6.6
f (t)
le
t
f ⫽ 冮
s
F( 苲
s ) d苲
s Integration of Transform

p 6.4
l( f ) ⫽
1
1 ⫺ eⴚps
冮
0
eⴚstf (t) dt f Periodic with Period p Project
16
c06.qxd 10/28/10 6:33 PM Page 249

SEC. 6.9 Table of Laplace Transforms 249

6.9 Table of Laplace Transforms

For more extensive tables, see Ref. [A9] in Appendix 1.

F (s) ⫽ l{ f (t)}
˛ f (t) Sec.

1 1>s 1
2 1>s 2 t
3 1>s n (n ⫽ 1, 2, Á ) t nⴚ1>(n ⫺ 1)!
t 6.1
4 1> 1s 1> 1pt
5 1>s 3>2 2 1t> p
6 1>s a (a ⬎ 0) t aⴚ1>⌫(a)

1
7 eat
s⫺a
1
8 teat
(s ⫺ a)2
1 1 t 6.1
9 (n ⫽ 1, 2, Á ) t nⴚ1eat
(s ⫺ a) n (n ⫺ 1)!
1 1 kⴚ1 at
10 (k ⬎ 0) t e
(s ⫺ a) k ⌫(k)

1 1
11 (a ⫽ b) (eat ⫺ ebt)
(s ⫺ a)(s ⫺ b) a⫺b
s 1
12 (a ⫽ b) (aeat ⫺ bebt)
(s ⫺ a)(s ⫺ b) a⫺b

1 1
13 sin vt
s ⫹v
2 2 v
s
14 cos vt
s 2 ⫹ v2
1 1
15 sinh at
a
s ⫺a
t 6.1
2 2

s
16 cosh at
s2 ⫺ a2
1 1 at
17 e sinh vt
(s ⫺ a)2 ⫹ v2 v
s⫺a
18 eat cos vt
(s ⫺ a) ⫹ v 2 2

1 1
19 (1 ⫺ cos vt)
s(s ⫹ v )
2 2
v2
x 6.2
1 1
20 (vt ⫺ sin vt)
s 2(s 2 ⫹ v2) v3

(continued )
c06.qxd 10/28/10 6:33 PM Page 250

250 CHAP. 6 Laplace Transforms

Table of Laplace Transforms (continued )

F (s) ⫽ l{ f (t)}
˛ f (t) Sec.

1 1
21 (sin vt ⫺ vt cos vt)
(s ⫹ v )
2 2 2
2v3
s t
22 sin vt t 6.6
(s 2 ⫹ v2) 2 2v
s2 1
23 (sin vt ⫹ vt cos vt)
(s ⫹ v )
2 2 2 2v
s 1
24 (a 2 ⫽ b 2) (cos at ⫺ cos bt)
(s 2 ⫹ a 2)(s 2 ⫹ b 2) b 2 ⫺ a2

1 1
25 (sin kt cos kt ⫺ cos kt sinh kt)
s ⫹ 4k
4 4
4k 3
s 1
26 sin kt sinh kt
s 4 ⫹ 4k 4 2k 2
1 1
27 (sinh kt ⫺ sin kt)
s4 ⫺ k 4 2k 3
s 1
28 (cosh kt ⫺ cos kt)
s4 ⫺ k 4 2k 2

1
29 1s ⫺ a ⫺ 1s ⫺ b (ebt ⫺ eat)
22pt 3
a⫺b
eⴚ(a⫹b)t>2I0 a
1
30 tb I 5.5
1s ⫹ a 1s ⫹ b 2
1
31 J0(at) J 5.4
2s ⫹ a 2 2

s 1
32 eat(1 ⫹ 2at)
(s ⫺ a) 3>2
1pt
kⴚ1>2
1p t
a b
1
33 (k ⬎ 0) Ikⴚ1>2(at) I 5.5
(s 2 ⫺ a 2)k ⌫(k) 2a

34 eⴚas>s u(t ⫺ a) 6.3

35 eⴚas d(t ⫺ a) 6.4

1 ⴚk>s
36 e J0(2 1kt) J 5.4
s
1 ⴚk>s 1
37 e cos 2 1kt
1s 1pt
1 1
38 ek>s sinh 2 1kt
s 3>2
1pk
k >4t
eⴚk1s eⴚk
2
39 (k ⬎ 0)
3
22pt

(continued )
c06.qxd 10/28/10 6:33 PM Page 251

Chapter 6 Review Questions and Problems 251

Table of Laplace Transforms (continued )

F (s) ⫽ l{ f (t)}
˛ f (t) Sec.

1
40 ln s ⫺ln t ⫺ g (g ⬇ 0.5772) g 5.5
s
s⫺a 1 bt
41 ln (e ⫺ eat)
s⫺b t

s 2 ⫹ v2 2
42 ln (1 ⫺ cos vt) 6.6
s2 t
s2 ⫺ a2 2
43 ln (1 ⫺ cosh at)
s 2 t
v 1
44 arctan sin vt
s t
1 App.
45 arccot s Si(t)
s A3.1

CHAPTER 6 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1. State the Laplace transforms of a few simple functions 15. et>2u(t ⫺ 3) 16. u(t ⫺ 2p) sin t
from memory. 17. t cos t ⫹ sin t 18. (sin vt) * (cos vt)
2. What are the steps of solving an ODE by the Laplace 19. 12t * eⴚ3t
transform?
3. In what cases of solving ODEs is the present method 20–28 INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM
preferable to that in Chap. 2? Find the inverse transform, indicating the method used and
4. What property of the Laplace transform is crucial in showing the details:
solving ODEs? 7.5 s ⫹ 1 ⴚs
5. Is l{ f (t) ⫹ g(t)} ⫽ l{ f (t)} ⫹ l{g(t)}? 20. 2 21. e
s ⫺ 2s ⫺ 8 s2
l{ f (t)g(t)} ⫽ l{ f (t)}l{g(t)}? Explain. 1
16 v cos u ⫹ s sin u
6. When and how do you use the unit step function and 22. 23.
Dirac’s delta? s ⫹s⫹
2 1
2 s 2 ⫹ v2
s 2 ⫺ 6.25 6(s ⫹ 1)
7. If you know f (t) ⫽ lⴚ1{F(s)}, how would you find 24. 25.
lⴚ1{F(s)>s 2 } ? (s 2 ⫹ 6.25)2 s4
8. Explain the use of the two shifting theorems from memory. 2s ⫺ 10 ⴚ5s 3s ⫹ 4
26. e 27.
9. Can a discontinuous function have a Laplace transform? s3 s 2 ⫹ 4s ⫹ 5
Give reason. 3s
10. If two different continuous functions have transforms, 28. 2
s ⫺ 2s ⫹ 2
the latter are different. Why is this practically important?

11–19 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 29–37 ODEs AND SYSTEMS

Find the transform, indicating the method used and showing Solve by the Laplace transform, showing the details and
the details. graphing the solution:
11. 5 cosh 2t ⫺ 3 sinh t 12. eⴚt(cos 4t ⫺ 2 sin 4t) 29. y s ⫹ 4y r ⫹ 5y ⫽ 50t, y(0) ⫽ 5, y r (0) ⫽ ⫺5
1
13. sin2 (2pt) 14. 16t 2u(t ⫺ 14) 30. y s ⫹ 16y ⫽ 4d(t ⫺ p), y(0) ⫽ ⫺1, y r (0) ⫽ 0