Goings Brittany Transitional+Living+Campus+Maintaining+a ARCH Spring2014 PDF

Transitional Living Campus:
Maintaining a Substance-free Living Environment

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Architecture Department in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Master of Architecture at
Savannah College of Art and Design
Brittany Marie Goings
Savannah, Georgia
© May 2014
Dr. Hsu-Jen Huang
Professor Carole Pacheco
Leslie Backus
To my mother, Katherine,
who has always been a strong, loving and devoted woman who
never gives up. You have always been my role model, my best
friend and the best mother a daughter could ever ask for. Thank
you for fighting this, for staying strong and for always being there
for Brooke and me.
To my best friend, Katlynn,
who has always supported me through all life has to offer, who has
talked me through every situation and has always stood by my side.
Thank you for our memorable talks and support throughout all
hours of the night. You are and will forever be my best friend, my
sister, my encouragement.
To my significant other, Zachary,
who has been by my side during thesis and has stuck through the
rollercoaster of emotions. Thank you for your support, your love,
your understanding and for helping me maintain sanity. A special
thank you for pulling two all-nighters with me to peel away paper!
To my family and friends,
who have all supported me in thought and prayer. You have all
helped give me the motivation, courage and strength I needed.

Acknowledgements:
I would like to acknowledge my three thesis committee members who have all helped me
throughout my thesis. Thank you Dr. Hsu-Jen Huang (Professor of Architecture at Savannah
College of Art and Design), you helped to push me beyond my limits and encouraged me to
think differently and uniquely about this project. You constantly reminded me to reach beyond
the expectations and most importantly, you always reminded me to have fun with thesis as it is
my last project during school. You were also always there for your students regardless of the
time and always responded quickly to help any situation that rose. Thank you for getting me
outside of my comfort level and helping me push myself to take my thesis to the next level.
Thank you Professor Carole Pacheco (Professor of Architecture at Savannah College of Art and
Design), you helped me in both an architectural knowledge based advising, as well as at an
emotional level. My thesis was very close to my heart and you were always there to remind me
of what my project really means to me. Thank you for reminding me of the true spirit of my
project throughout my thesis and making sure I never lost sight of what my original goals and
ambitions were. Thank you Leslie Backus (Chief Financial Officer at Recovery Place and
Recovery Place Community Services), you were able to offer a different perspective for my
thesis. Your advisement and knowledge of recovery centers was very helpful during all phases of
my thesis. Thank you for taking the time to work with me, mentor me and to give me insight on
the inside of recovery centers and how they are operated.
Thank you.

Table of Contents
List of Figures 1-5
Abstract 6
Part One: General Architectural Principles, Proposed Goals, and Justification 7-29
1.1 Research
1.2 Family
1.3 Concept Models
Part Two: Context Analysis and Regional Description 30-34
2.1 Context: Logan County Ohio
2.2 Context: Bellefontaine, Ohio
Part Three: Site Analysis 35-41
3.2 Logan County Fairgrounds
Part Four: Program Analysis 42-62
4.1 Program Analysis
4.2 Case Studies
Part Five: Quantitative Program Development 63-68
5.1 Program Development
Part Six: Schematic Site and Building Design 69-76
6.1 Schematic Design
Part Seven: Design Development 77-86
7.1 Design Development
7.2 Conclusion
Appendix A 87-88
1.1 Final Boards
Appendix B 89-91
2.1 Model Photos
Bibliography 92-94
1

List of Figures:
Part One: General Architectural Principles, Proposed Goals, and Justification

Figure: Title: Source: Page:
Figure 1.3.1 Concept Model: Addiction Abuse Author 29
Figure 1.3.2 Concept Model: Sobriety Author 29
Part Two: Context Analysis and Regional Description

Figure 2.1.1 Drug Overdose Rates by State, 2008 "Policy Impact: Prescription Painkiller 31
Overdoses." Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 09 July 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSaf
ety/Poisoning/laws/state/index.html>.
Figure 2.1.2 Demographics and Contextual "Ohio Department of Mental Health & 32
Factors: County vs. State Addiction Services Research Ohio Substance
Abuse Monitoring (OSAM) Network OSAM
Drug Trend Reports." Ohio Department of
Mental Health & Addiction Services Research
Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring (OSAM)
Network OSAM Drug Trend Reports. Mental
Health & Addiction Services, 2011. Web. 11
Jan. 2014.
<http://mha.ohio.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=514>.
Figure 2.2.1 Oldest Concrete Street in America Author 33
Figure 2.2.2 Shortest Street in America Author 33
Figure 2.2.3 Logan County Courthouse Author 34
Figure 2.2.4 Holland Theater Author 34
Figure 2.2.5 Bellefontaine, Ohio city limits and Author 34
proximity to larger cities
Part Three: Site Analysis

Figure 3.1.1 Location of site within city limits Author 39
compared to location of downtown
Figure 3.1.2 Existing Site Conditions with Author 40
building types and occupancy
Figure 3.1.3 Proximity to related facility types Author 41
and occupancy
Part Four: Program Analysis

Figure 4.1.1 Defining the program to generate a Author 46
program for a Transitional Living
Campus
Figure 4.1.2 Rehab Center Case Study Types Author 46
Figure 4.1.3 Transitional Housing Case Study Author 46
Types
Figure 4.1.4 Monastery Case Study Types Author 46
Figure 4.1.5 Architecture & Garden Case Study Author 46
Types
Figure 4.2.1 Betty Ford Center entrance "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment 48
2

Center." Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment
Center | Betty Ford Center. Betty Ford Center,
2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.2 Betty Ford Center campus "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment 50
2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.3 Betty Ford Center Serenity Room "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment 50
2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.4 Betty Ford Center Lake "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment 50
2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.5 Betty Ford Center Fitness center "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment 50
2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.6 Betty Ford Center Lounge "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment 50
2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.7 Hazelden Foundation Entrance "Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment 51
Center." Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment
Center. Hazelden, 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.8 Hazeldon campus "Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment 52
Figure 4.2.9 Hazeldon Walkway "Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment 52
Figure 4.2.10 Hazeldon Path "Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment 52
Figure 4.2.11 Hazeldon Library "Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment 52
Figure 4.2.12 Hazeldon Meditation Room "Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment 52
Figure 4.2.13 Passages Malibu Entrance "Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab 53
& Drug Rehab." Addiction Treatment Center.
Passages Malibu, 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.2.14 Passages Malibu campus "Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab 54
Figure 4.2.15 Passages Malibu “refreshing pool” "Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab 54
Figure 4.2.16 Passages Malibu “refreshing spa” "Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab 54
Figure 4.2.17 Passages Malibu acupuncture "Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab 54
3

Figure 4.2.18 Passages Malibu massages "Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab 54
Figure 4.2.19 Recovery Center Entrance “Providing Lasting Behavioral Healthcare 55
Solutions”. Recovery Place. YP Intellectual
Property LLC., 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.1.20 Detailed comparison between rehab Author 56
centers
Figure 4.1.20 Detailed comparison between rehab Author 57
(Cont.) centers
Figure 4.1.21 Betty Ford Center programs and fees "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment 58
2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Figure 4.1.22 Hazelden programs and fees "Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment 59
Figure 4.1.23 Passages Malibu programs and fees "Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab 59
Figure 4.2.24 Timberline Knolls Entrance "Welcome to Timberline Knolls, A Private 60
Residential Treatment Center." Eating
Disorder, Drug Addiction & Alcohol Treatment
Center. Timberline Knolls Residential
Treatment Center, 2005-20013. Web. 20 Oct.
2013.
Figure 4.2.25 Timberline Knolls campus "Welcome to Timberline Knolls, A Private 61
2013.
Figure 4.2.26 Timberline Knolls art studio "Welcome to Timberline Knolls, A Private 61
2013.
Figure 4.2.27 Timberline Knolls tranquil waterfall "Welcome to Timberline Knolls, A Private 61
2013.
Figure 4.2.28 Timberline Knolls equestrian "Welcome to Timberline Knolls, A Private 61
program55 Residential Treatment Center." Eating
2013.
Figure 4.2.29 Timberline Knolls contemporary "Welcome to Timberline Knolls, A Private 61
arch. Residential Treatment Center." Eating
4

2013.
Figure 4.2.30 Detailed comparison of SAD Author 62
treatment center
Part Five: Quantitative Program Development

Figure 5.1.1 Basic programmatic bubble diagram Author 64
Figure 5.1.2 Networking programmatic bubble Author 64
diagram
Figure 5.1.3 Programmatic bubble diagram Author 64
Figure 5.1.4 Program and square footage needed Author 65
(Living Facilities, Main Office and
Medical Building)
(Therapy/ Counseling and
Recreational Center)
(Library, Art Studio, Cafeteria and
Place of Worship)
(Children’s Facility, Equestrian
Stables, Exterior Spaces and Parking)
Part Six: Schematic Site and Building Design

Figure 6.1.1 Schematic Site Design Author 73
Figure 6.1.2 River of Change Author 73
Figure 6.1.3 Rhythm of Proportions 1 Author 74
Figure 6.1.4 Rhythm of Proportions 2 Author 74
Figure 6.1.5 River Depth Section1 Author 74
Figure 6.1.6 River Depth Section 2 Author 74
Figure 6.1.7 Apartment Floor Plan Author 75
Figure 6.1.8 Apartment Floor Plan 2 Author 75
Figure 6.1.9 Isometric Site Plan with Perspective Author 76
Drawings
Part Seven: Design Development

Figure 7.1.1 Site Plan Author 78
Figure 7.1.2 Main Office First Floor Plan Author 79
Figure 7.1.3 Main Office Second Floor Plan Author 79
Figure 7.1.4 Place of Worship First Floor Plan Author 80
Figure 7.1.5 Apartments First Floor Plan Author 80
Figure 7.1.6 Apartments Second Floor Plan Author 81
Figure 7.1.7 Construction Detail: Curtain Wall Author 82
and Truss
Figure 7.1.8 Construction Detail: Green Roof Author 82
Figure 7.1.9 Main Office Section 1 Author 82
Figure 7.1.10 Main Office Section 2 Author 82
Figure 7.1.11 Place of Worship Section 1 Author 82
Figure 7.1.12 Apartment Section 1 Author 83
Figure 7.1.13 Apartment Section 2 Author 83
Figure 7.1.14 Main Office East Elevation Author 83
5

Figure 7.1.15 Main Office West Elevation Author 83
Figure 7.1.16 Main Office South Elevation Author 83
Figure 7.1.17 Place of Worship North Elevation Author 84
Figure 7.1.18 Apartments West Elevation Author 84
Figure 7.1.19 Apartments South Elevation Author 84
Figure 7.1.20 Apartments North Elevation Author 84
Figure 7.1.21 Main Entrance Rendering Author 84
Figure 7.1.22 Place of Worship Rendering Author 85
Figure 7.1.23 Apartments Rendering Author 85
Appendix A
Figure A.1 Final Boards Author 88
Figure A.2 Final Boards – Rendering 1 Author 88
Appendix B
Figure B.1 Site Model Photo 1 Author 90
Figure B.2 Site Model Photo 2 Author 91
6

Abstract:

Transitional Living Campus:
Maintaining a Substance-free Living Environment

Brittany Marie Goings

May 2014

This thesis focuses on a transitional home that will help people maintain a substance-free
lifestyle and serve as a learning center for families and these people. This topic is very personal
to me and I chose it in the hopes of raising awareness of addiction and solve some of the
underlying issues with rehab centers. The goal is to design both a program and building as a
prototype that can help people transition from a rehab treatment to going home. A new program
type that will teach people how to maintain a substance-free life after they have the proper
medical care at rehab, because the addiction does not go away immediately. It is hard for
someone who has suffered from a substance abuse to go back into society and to stay clean.
Relapse rates are very high and very common. I want to investigate underlying issues of what
works and what doesn’t work. I want to figure out how to start making relapse rates decline
through architecture.
7

Part One:
General Architectural Principles, Proposed Goals, and Justification

8

1.1
Research
9
Statistics
There are 22.1 million individuals (almost 9% of the population age twelve or older) who
are estimated to have been diagnosed with substance use disorder in the past year, according to
the 2010 NSDUH1. Of those 22.1 million individuals who suffer from substance use disorder,
very few receive the treatment that they need. According to Anne Fletcher, nationally known
health and medical writer and the author of seven books including Inside Rehab, “Few addicted
individuals (about 10 percent) are willing to enter care. Drop-out rates are high. And among
treatment completers, one-year relapse rates are 40-60 percent. The public deserves more and our
society desperately needs reliably effective care2.” Anne Fletcher studied fifteen different rehab
facilities all over the country from high end celebrity facilities to low cost public facilities. She
carefully examined the methods each facility practiced and the positive and negative outcomes.
One struggle for investigating the effectiveness of rehab facilities is the simple fact that each
experience for every individual will always be different from the location, methods and the
patient’s own mentality for receiving treatment. One solid piece of known evidence is that the
relapse rates and the number of individuals who suffer from substance use is very high. From
this we can conclude that the programs America practices now are not successfully handling the
issue. “People with serious substance abuse disorders commonly require care for months or even
years. The short-term mentality partially explains why so many people go back to their old
habits3.”

1
Fletcher, Anne M. Inside Rehab: The Surprising Truth about Addiction Treatment: And How to Get Help That
Works. New York: Viking, 2013. Print. 23.
2
Fletcher, Anne M. Inside Rehab. New York: Viking, 2013. Print. 2.
3
Brody, Jane E. "Effective Addiction Treatment." Well Effective Addiction Treatment Comments. The New York
Times, 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2013.
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What is addiction?
There is a lot of debate and controversy when people talk about addiction and what it
actually is and what it means to be an addict. Some people including many treatment centers say
that addiction is a disease that the individual cannot control on their own and therefore need
outside treatment. There is also another group of people who do not believe in the idea that
addiction is a disease and that it is not curable. They see addiction as more of a choice that the
individual makes. The topic about what addiction is and why some people have it and others do
not is a very sensitive issue and there are a lot of biased opinions. Scientifically addiction has
been described in a medically unbiased way,
“Thanks to four decades of NIH (National Institution of Health)-sponsored
research there is a new foundation for the treatment of addiction. This science now
suggests that addiction is best considered a chronic illness. As in other chronic illnesses, a
still incompletely understood combination of genetic and environmental risk factors
combined with risky personal behaviors-particularly repeated drug use itself-produce the
chronic illness of addiction. Most scientists agree that the genetic, brain and behavioral
changes associated with addiction do not appear to be completely reversible- like other
chronic illnesses most cases of severe addiction can be managed, but not cured, with
continuing care4.”
Many curious questions arise from this research. If addiction is something that can be
managed but not cured then can a person with this chronic illness of substance use ever be fully
happy? Will their bodies always crave some type of substance and without that substance, are
they living a so called normal life? What kind of treatment can help these individuals? Why are

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the relapses rates for substance abuse so high and what will it take in order to get those rates to
decline?
What kind of treatment is offered?
Current programs for treating substance use disorder that exists today that can be
effective for some individuals. Types of rehabs that exist include; residential, outpatient,
intensive outpatient and day treatment, inpatient, opioid treatment programs, therapeutic
communities, sober-living facilities and individual treatment. Each treatment program is
designed to help individuals in a different way based on the needs of each patient. There is a
screening process for evaluating patients and the type of care they receive depends on many
factors. The main factors that affect the type of help needed include the type of substance the
patient is addicted to, how long they have been addicted, if they have already gone through rehab
and relapsed, and many other factors. The most important factor is the state of mind the patient is
in when they enter a rehab facility. Some addicts are forced by the law to get treatment from a
rehab center whether they think they have a substance abuse problem or not. Other patients are
forced by their family members after an intervention, also whether or not the patient thinks they
have a substance abuse problem. Then there are patients who know that they have a substance
abuse problem and know that they need help and go willingly on their own. Each factor for going
to a rehab determines the type of rehab needed and the intensity of treatment. There is a process
that an individual must think about before seeking the correct treatment program. This process
includes; determining whether they want to be involved in a twelve step program, the type of
program and the location.
The twelve step program is a program that is designed in twelve steps to recover with the
help of a higher power. There are alternative options for non-religious people which are to either
12
consider the higher power as something or someone else or there are non-twelve step programs
available. Most rehab centers are either completely for the twelve step program and patients must
follow the steps or they are completely against the twelve step program. There are very few
rehab centers that offer a choice to be in twelve step programs or not. This is why it is important
for the patient to first recognize the twelve step program to firstly decide whether or not they
agree with and want to be involved with the twelve step program.
12 Step Program5
Step 1 - We admitted we were powerless over our addiction - that our lives had become
unmanageable.
Step 2 - Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
Step 3 - Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we
understood God.
Step 4 - Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
Step 5 - Admitted to God, to ourselves and to another human being the exact nature of
our wrongs.
Step 6 - Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.
Step 7 - Humbly asked God to remove our shortcomings.
Step 8 - Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to
them all.
Step 9 - Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so
would injure them or others.
Step 10 - Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly
admitted it.
Step 11 - Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with
God as we understood God, praying only for knowledge of God's will for us and the
power to carry that out.
Step 12 - Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry
this message to other addicts, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.
The Serenity Prayer is typically quoted at the beginning of every group meeting in any
treatment program as well as AA meetings. All members participating in the group must say the
Serenity Prayer simultaneously out loud before the meeting can begin.

5
"The 12 Steps." 12Step.org for Sobriety, Strength and Serenity. N.p., 2013. Web. 27 Nov. 2013.
13
The Serenity Prayer6:
God grant me the serenity

to accept the things I cannot change;
courage to change the things I can;
and wisdom to know the difference.
Living one day at a time;

Enjoying one moment at a time;
Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace;
Taking, as He did, this sinful world
as it is, not as I would have it;
Trusting that He will make all things right
if I surrender to His Will;
That I may be reasonably happy in this life
and supremely happy with Him
Forever in the next.
Amen.
--Reinhold Niebuhr
Anne Fletcher describes the Many Shapes of Rehab:7
Residential – A residential treatment rehab is one of the most common types of
rehab. It is what most people think of when they think of a treatment program and some
do not know that there are other types available. It is a place where patients stay for days,
weeks or months receiving twenty-four hour supervision with medical and psychological
care.
Outpatient – An outpatient program is one that allows patients to live at home and
attend treatment meetings that are given at specific times either early in the morning or
later in the afternoon. This allows patients to keep their jobs and be at home with their
families. It is also cheaper than residential treatment since the patient is not living there.

6
Niebuhr, Reinhold. "The Serenity Prayer." The Serenity Prayer. Bread on the Waters, 14 July 2002. Web. 27 Oct.
2013.
7
Fletcher, Anne M. Inside Rehab. New York: Viking, 2013. Print. 47-49.
14
Outpatient treatment is often recommended to patients after they complete a residential
treatment.
Intensive Outpatient (IOP) and Day Treatment – Intensive outpatient and day
treatment are very similar to the outpatient treatment, but with a more intensive program.
IOP and day treatment are for patients who do not fully need a residential treatment but
are unable to be successful with outpatient alone. It is used as a mediator to step down
into outpatient treatment.
Inpatient - Inpatient is an intensively watched treatment that mostly handles
detoxification alone and refers patients to other rehabs to receive additional treatment
elsewhere. This type of treatment is typically used for people with serious medical
conditions or mental disorders.
Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPS) - Opioid Treatment Programs are treatments
geared specifically to patients who abuse opioids such as heroin and prescription
painkillers. Most of these treatment facilities offer replacement medications including
methadone or suboxone, which are medications that help patients through detoxification
as another form of pain medication. There is a lot of controversy in practicing this type of
medication for detoxification, because essentially it is replacing a medication with
medication.
Therapeutic Communities (TCS) – Therapeutic Communities often treat patients
with long histories of addiction, involvement in crime, pregnant women and women with
children. The treatment focuses on re-socializing with a lot of structure to help the clients
become accountable, productive and responsible.

15
Sober-Living Facilities – Sober-living facilities is a type of transition after
treatment, like a halfway house or sober home. It is still a supervised environment, but it
is not a type of treatment. Many of the patients in sober-living facilities are recommended
to be enrolled in outpatient treatment. The main objective for sober-living facilities is to
help patients after treatment whom have either lost their jobs, dropped out of school or
have been shut off from their families and have nowhere to go. Sober-living facilities
help re-socialize the patients into society.
Individual Treatment – Individual treatment is one-on-one counseling with a
licensed mental health professional. This type of treatment is an appointment based
treatment in a private facility. The problem with this type of treatment is that it is hard to
find mental health professionals that are knowledgeable about addiction. Since many are
not qualified for addiction treatment, they cannot conduct in-depth psychotherapy unless
they have specialized training. Individual treatment can however help patients recognize
and understand their substance problem with giving advice on how to conduct a personal
recovery without medical treatment.
The underlying issue of failure rates
“If you’ve seen one rehab, you’ve basically seen all of them. Yes, there are
exceptions, but of the many thousands of treatment programs out there, most use exactly
the same kind of treatment you would have received in 1950, not modern scientific
approaches. Counselor training is impoverished, and staff and director turnover in these
programs is higher than in fast-food restaurants…When it comes to picking a rehab, most
people as more questions before buying a vacuum8.”

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The main problem with most rehab centers which can be seen in many case studies and
what Anne Fletcher calls the “one-size-fits-all” program. The research shows that although there
are many types of rehab available, some better than others, there is an issue with seeing each
addict individually.
Like much of what happens today, people want results immediately with their everyday
life activities and experiences. There are less personal connections with many people today.
Society has revolved around the convenience and the improvement of technology. People are
grouped together and not seen as individuals. The worst and probably scariest scenario for this
type of grouping is within the medical field. In many rehab centers, patients are not seen as
individuals with personal emotional issues, rather they are seen as “alcoholics” or “addicts” and
grouped together. Unfortunately, the vast majorities of people do not understand addiction or
consider it an illness that certain people have. Yet, many people see addiction as a terrible choice
that people make and they judge those who suffer from the illness. Surprisingly, this stereotype
holds true for many people within the treatment centers who are supposed to support the patient.
“I’m Anne, and I’m an alcoholic (or addict)9.” This is how people in rehab or AA are told to
introduce themselves at every group counseling session. Regardless of how long that person has
been sober or if the members of that group know each other, the patient must state their name
and their addiction before speaking. “someone forgot to do this at one point, and a fellow client
who was leading the group said, in a rather confrontational way, “What are you?” as if everyone
needed to be reminded, and that the label somehow defined the person10.” It is terrible enough
that people who have never dealt with addiction categorize it in a negative light, but it is even

9
Fletcher, Anne M. Inside Rehab. New York: Viking, 2013. Print. 10-11.
10
17
more alarming that the people inside of the treatment centers are also labeling the patients,
implying that their identity as a person is based on their addiction.
The design of the program has been described as “cookie-cutter approaches11”. Many
rehab treatments advertise that they meet the individual needs of the patient but in reality, most
use a one-size-fits-all program where there is a lot of group therapy but little to no one-on-one
counseling12. While group counseling is incredibly beneficial, the lack of individuality is a
severe problem in the system. However, group counseling helps connect individuals with others
who have similar struggles. The connection gives a sense of safety to openly discuss their
addiction with people who can relate to their situation and who are capable of understanding
their struggles. While group counseling has many benefits, each person has their own story, their
own issues, their own struggles and each person needs their own type of treatment with a
counselor individually. Even though group counseling is an open and ‘safe’ discussion area,
some individuals struggle with speaking about their own addiction loudly in front of multiple
people. Clumping everyone together will only result in what exists today, a lot of confusion
about addiction, high addiction rates with low rates of people seeking help and high relapse rates.
The Architecture and Location
From a personal interview with a former patient at a rehab facility, research was gathered
about the architecture inside the spaces. (Disclaimer: due to privacy laws and confidentiality only
patients and doctors may enter secured areas; therefore, the architecture of spaces and the
suggested designs are based off of interviews, books and information gathered through case
studies.) Many rehab centers are located existing renovated buildings rather than a new
construction project which is specifically designed for the purpose of a rehab facility. When it

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comes to the physical place of these rehab facilities, they have similar feelings of jails, doctors
offices or hospitals. A rehab center in Ohio is located in a hospital which utilizes a sectioned
floor with secured access. The patients are not allowed to leave the floor, as if they are inmates.
There is a lack of windows and the few that do exist have bars on them. Some patients stay
within this center for thirty days, and for thirty days, they do not see sunlight, grass, trees, or do
they have access to fresh air. They are trapped. This is not to suggest that repurposing existing
buildings is a bad thing but when it comes to any type of recovery the environment in which a
patient will live in is very crucial of providing a good healing space. Instead, this suggests that
when repurposing any building, the proper renovations need to be made to provide adequate
space for the new function, especially for a function of recovery.
During an interview with Leslie Backus, the Chief in Officer and Personal Addiction
Counselor at the Recovery Place located in Savannah, Georgia she stated; Addiction is a very
shameful disease; people are very ashamed of what they have done and how their disease has
taken over their lives13. Since it is such a shameful illness, many people who are in rehab
develop other illnesses while in the recovery process. A main illness developed by many patients
is depression. People struggle with depression during the recover due to the realization of life
decisions, choices they have made and relationships they have lost. For any person not having
access to daylight, outside, trees, the sky or fresh air would be depressing for any length of
period, whether addiction is an issue or not. Therefore, when someone who is involved in a
personal health recovery program with a high risk of depression, the worst environment to put
them in is an environment where they are closed off from nature.
On the opposite end of the spectrum from poorly renovated buildings, there are
expensive, high-end rehab facilities that attract a lot of celebrities. Some of these facilities offer

13
"Thesis Project Interview." Personal interview. 14 Oct. 2013.
19
very modern buildings in remote locations away from society. These isolated facilities have a lot
of luxurious features such as; views to mountains or ocean, swimming pools and outside
attractions. Unique features exist to promote specific facilities to help increase their applicant
rates. Some of these features are offering hang-gliding lessons in the woods, campfires at night
and massages and facials during the day. These types of luxurious facilities are very expensive
and are designed more like a resort than a treatment center. This type of model does not work
either. The main problem with this model is the fact that it is not local. Instead it is a place to get
away or run away, which may seem like a great way for someone to recover to get out of their
comfort zone and go somewhere new to clear their mind but addiction is not something people
can run from. Going away somewhere is nice, but patients need to be able to deal with their
addiction locally. Regardless of where someone chooses to seek treatment, the same issues will
still be there when they return home14.
Sadly, there are not many ideal recovery spaces that are available to people today. With
the ideal recovery space being a thoughtful space that promotes healing and is locally situated
within their own community. Rehab facilities within the cities that are renovated buildings do not
meet the required spaces needed for a successful recovery and many rehab facilities that are
designed as new construction facilities are isolated from the city and real world. This leaves a
patient with limited options for choosing the location of recovery. Location one; go to a facility
within the city limits that does not have adequate space for operating a recovery center and
location two; leave their community, family and jobs to attend an expensive and luxurious rehab
facility and ultimately disconnecting from the reality of their addiction. The architecture of these
facilities plays a large role in the recovery of patients because the architecture gives the user a
subconscious feeling about space, emotions and mental wellness.

14
20
Design failures
Many design failures can be seen in research, interviews and case studies. The failures
include; a lack of natural light within the facilities, long corridors with rooms on each side like a
hospital wing, a lack of space for hosting community gathering areas for group and family
meetings, and the lack of connection between the inside and outside conditions. Natural light is
proven to make people psychologically happier than people who sit under fluorescent lighting all
day. “Daylighting offers a sense of spirituality, openness, and freedom from the prison-like
confinements and intensity that characterize windowless spaces15”. Open spaces and a well
thought-out floor plan can help with the flow of circulation and interaction between spaces.
Large rooms can provide a place for community activity, the ability to host group meetings and
provide a place for family counseling. Connections between the interior and exterior of the
facility can provide a place for patients to be connected with nature and most importantly having
access to fresh air. A courtyard could be a place to provide group meetings giving an option to
sit outside or to conduct sober activities. Simple architectural changes can tremendously help
improve the psychology and the overall experience of the patient’s recovery. There are many
ways in which the architecture of rehab facilities can be improved to help the flow and
circulation of the program itself and to help the patients mentally and physically feel better about
the spaces they are in during a very emotional point in their lives.

15
Verderber, S. (February 1983). “Human Response to Daylighting in the Therapeutic Environment.” 1983
International Daylighting Conference. Phoenix, AZ: General Proceedings; pg. 415.

21

1.2
Family
22
Addiction is a family disease, not just an individual disease, and everyone within the
family plays a role in the disease whether they choose to or not16. Nobody wants to have an
addict in the family, although addiction is not something that the family can predict nor fully
prevent from happening. Family members can however help intervene with the situation if it
does happen. When there is an addict in the family, it is important how the family handles the
situation. There are many books and articles which look at both sides of the addiction story,
those from the point of view of the addict and those from the point of view from a loved one.
The Emotional Cost of Rehab Addicts P.O.V.17:
“Susan B., who had month-long stay at two high-end residential rehabs, said, “My
husband was angry when I went to the first program. He never let me forget for a day that
I was getting treatment. When I returned home, he expected I would be ‘fixed’. So when
I relapsed, he felt I had failed my children. He resented me going away for a second time
and didn’t let me forget I’d let everyone down. But he was entitled to his feelings, too.
We had marriage counseling afterwards and did beat the odds in that we stayed together.”
The Emotional Cost of Rehab Loved Ones P.O.V.18:
“Alexandria said of their daughter Krista’s many treatment episodes, “My
husband and I both felt like failures as parents. We rotated between good cop/bad cop.
Sometimes I was the one who wanted to do tough love and he just felt sorry for her.
Other times I was the one who said, ‘She’s sick and needs our help,’ and he just wanted
to throw her out. We were embarrassed- certain that everyone was judging us, and in fact
they were. We eventually sort of disappeared from social events. I cried a lot. I was so

16
17
18

23
scared she would die before we could find a way to help her. I just wanted her to live
long enough to get sober. All of my energies went to trying to find ways to help her.”
Research shows that one of the worst ways to handle the substance abuse problem is by
ignoring it or isolating their loved one. There are some cases where family members decide that
tough love was the best way for their loved one to become aware of their illness and quit using,
but this sadly often results in death. The love and support of families is one of the best ‘medical’
treatments available. Typically the main problem is most family members do not know how to
handle or deal with their loved ones addiction problems due to the fact they are uneducated in the
illness.
How can family members help their suffering loved one?
Some rehab facilities offer a substance abuse education for family members through
family week19. Family week varies per rehab facility but it is generally constructed of a five day
program where family members join together for a few hours in a group counseling session with
their loved one who is involved in the program. Family counseling is very important for both the
addict and of course for the family members. Family counseling educates family members in the
disease of addiction, it provides support for families and most importantly it teaches the family
members that they all play a valuable role in the journey of recovery. Family members can
always educate themselves in the disease without family counseling through research, although,
a major benefit that can only be achieved with family counseling is the connection of being with
other families who have similar experiences and who have been impacted by the disease. This
connection reinsures family members that they are not the only family who struggles with the
disease. Family counseling is time consuming and it is not something most people are

19
24
comfortable with. Therefore, the patient becomes aware of their families devotion to not only
them but also their devotion to learn about addiction to be able to better understand what their
loved one is going through. Family support is very important through their life-changing voyage
together. The Betty Ford Center structured four goals in family week that serves as a good
precedent for other centers. The first goal is to understand the disease through the three C’s; that
it is not a diseased that they caused, that they cannot cure it and they cannot control it. The
outcome of the three C’s is to learn that they can cope in new ways. The second goal is breaking
through any denial that they might have. The third goal is that they embrace self-acceptance and
that they are not at fault for the disease. The fourth goal is to develop their own continuing care
plan20. Mending broken relationships through education is the ultimate goal of family
counseling.
What help and support is there for children?
Sadly, most people do not consider the impacts that addiction has on children and what
the children are faced with at early ages. Many children have to take on roles of an adult to take
care of their parents who suffer from addiction. Some of these roles children take on are taking
care of their parents, their siblings and taking care of themselves. Children do not have a choice
to be involved in this lifestyle and they have no education or knowledge of what is happening.
The Betty Ford Center’s children’s program helps kids cope with addiction21:
The program helps kids learn about addiction through age-appropriate activities
so they realize that the disease is not their fault, they are not alone and they are not to

20
Gordon, Mary. "Betty Ford Center Family Program Experience." YouTube. YouTube, 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 6 Oct.
2013.
21
"Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Center." Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Center | Betty Ford Center.
Betty Ford Center, 2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.

25
blame. Children talk openly in a safe, supportive environment and are encouraged to
express their feelings about this cunning, baffling disease. The Children’s Program is a
nurturing haven of help, hope and healing. We help 7 to 12-year-old children from
families hurt by addiction. No child is turned away for lack of funds. Scholarships are
available. All Children's Programs are open to the public. Parents do not have to be
patients at the Betty Ford Center in order for their children to participate in the Children's
Program.
At this time, there is not a lot of research found on types of support for children who have
addictive parents. The Betty Ford Center does offer education and counseling for children but it
is unclear of any living situations that may be offered for children whose parents cannot take care
of them or who are in recovery. It is suggested that most children who are affected by family
addiction could live with their grandparents or other family members; however, not every child
has options for living with an alternative family member and many are placed in children’s
services and foster homes.
The experience for family and friends feeling welcomed and comfortable at a rehab facility
As mentioned previously, for confidentiality reasons and privacy laws, only patients and
doctors are allowed within the majority of rehab facilities spaces. For rehab facilities which host
family week or counseling, there is generally a conference room located close to the entrance
lobby. Through several interviews from addicts’ family members, during their experience they
felt that the particular facility was very unwelcoming. They described feeling out of place due to
the restricted areas and their own personal experience with the staff. Due to the privacy laws and
the typical feeling of rehab facilities, the experience is very uninviting. Each facility, as well as
each family member and patient can have a different experience. There are no facts of how each
26
individual rehab facility welcomes family members due to the many factors involved such as, the
facility itself, the staff working, the mentality of the family, the mentality of the patient and the
biggest factor is the emotional level each individual is on when they enter the facility. Since
there are too many personal factors within the experience, the research will focus on what an
inviting space is and how a welcoming experience is accomplished not contained to only rehab
facilities in general.
27
1.3
Concept Models
28
Concept Models
Concept models were developed to further demonstrate the research of addiction and the
positive outcomes of achieving sobriety and the negative effects from addiction. Each model was
created with various materials to achieve a dramatic effect. The main idea of the concept models
is that addiction comes in many forms from alcoholism, using street drugs and abusing
prescription pills. Each addiction brings an individual pain, guilt, shame and lies within their life
which further prevents individuals from having many of the aspired gifts in life, such as; a family
or a job. On the opposite side of the spectrum, living a sober life provides individuals with the
ability to live a healthy and positive life while being able to enjoy life’s great gifts. As previously
stated in the research, addiction is known to cause divorce, child neglect and death. Without
these negative side effects, an individual is able to have a healthy, sustainable life while being
able to maintain a career and a family, as well as, less child neglect and abuse.
29
Figure 1.3.1: Concept Model: Addiction Abuse
Figure 1.3.2: Concept Model: Sobriety

30

Part Two:
Context Analysis and Regional Description

31
The location of the Transitional Living Campus is in Bellefontaine, Ohio. Ohio is in the
top 10 states of high drug overdose rates, with 15.1% per 100,000. 2.7 million Ohioans are
diagnosed with an addictive disorder each year.
Figure 2.1.1: Drug Overdose Rates by State, 2008
Logan County Ohio has some of the highest rates for negative effects from drug and
alcohol abuse. Demographics show that Logan County Ohio has higher rates in at least four
different categories; 1. High child abuse rates, 2. High divorce rates, 3. High opiod-related
poisonings and 4. High heroin poisonings. Drug and alcohol abuse within a family increases the
risk for both child abuse and neglect. Children under the age of four are at an increased risk for
both abuse and neglect. The demographics show that Logan County Ohio has had significantly
higher rates of child abuse and neglect than all of Ohio per 1,000 children. Heavy drinking
increases both marital conflict and physical aggression between partners. While marriage may
help to decrease problem drinking, disproportionate drinking habits between partners has been
shown to increase divorce rates. Logan County Ohio has shown to have a high overall divorce
rate due to alcoholism than the state of Ohio. There are two major poisonings in Logan County
32
Ohio that are very high compared to state figures; they include opioids and heroin poisonings.
Opioid-related poisonings have continuously been the result for the highest percentage of deaths
in Ohio since 2007. Black tar heroin has significantly increased in Ohio within the past few
years. The Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring Network has reported that misusing prescription
drugs has become a gateway for heroin drug use.
Figure 2.1.2: Demographics and Contextual Factors: County vs. State

33
2.2 Context: Bellefontaine, Ohio
Bellefontaine, Ohio is the largest city within Logan County with a population of 13,197
people and a total area of ten square miles. Bellefontaine was established by a Shawnee tribe
who first called the village called Blue Jacket Town between the years of the 1760s-1770s.
Bellefontaine was officially planned and the city grid was laid out around 1820. Bellefontaine is
home to a lot of American and Ohio history. Bellefontaine Ohio is home of the first concrete
street built in America in 1801, Congress Street. The first concrete street is beside the Logan
County Courthouse which was later built in 1870 which is one of Bellefontaine’s treasured
architecture monuments. Not only is Bellefontaine home to the first concrete street in America
but it is also home to the shortest street in America, McKinley Street. Ohio is known for being a
flat state with fairly minor contours, although, Bellefontaine is the highest point in Ohio. Another
one of Bellefontaine’s architectural monuments is the Holland Theater which was built in 1931
and was designed to resemble a 17th century Dutch village. This theater still runs today as a
nonprofit organization showing live performances and allowing people to experience one of the
best architecture monuments in Bellefontaine, Ohio.
Figure 2.2.1: Oldest Concrete Street in America Figure 2.2.2: Shortest Street in America
34
Figure 2.2.3: Logan County Courthouse Figure 2.2.4: Holland theater
Figure 2.2.5: Bellefontaine, Ohio city limits and proximity to larger cities
35

Part Three:
Site Analysis
36
Design Challenges
Location is the main design challenge for this thesis, designing a Transitional Living
Campus for people who have struggled with addiction within the city limits when this type of
facility is typically located in a remote area. By positioning this program within the city limits is
challenging the design to create a transitional living campus that serves individuals struggling
from addiction within the city limits, that will help mend relationships and reconnect individuals
to family members, reconnect individuals to the community and re-establish jobs, careers and a
purpose and income within that community. A major design challenge is to locate a space large
enough for this program type with enough open spaces both interior and exterior within the
restricted city limit grid system to provide group counseling, family interaction and serenity
gardens. Once establishing a location, a design challenge is to connect interior and exterior
spaces cohesively allowing natural elements to flow into the interior spaces while interior
exercises to flow out to exterior spaces. The last design challenge is to promote the importance
of family and children involvement through space, site and architecture design.
Logan County Fairgrounds
The Logan County Fairgrounds is a site within the city limits that meets all of the
requirements and design challenges. The Logan County Board has been trying to move the
fairgrounds location for almost five years now due to the expansion of the fair itself with more
venues, 4H children, livestock and higher attendance rates and the lack of expansion for the site
itself within the city limits. The progress of re-locating the fairgrounds has been very slow
because it is a non-funded project and the city is attempting to raise money to relocate the
fairgrounds to the outskirts of town where expansion is available. The site is located in the heart
of the city with a five minute walk to downtown, fast-food restaurants, schools and local housing
37
neighborhoods. The site is large enough to encompass the program type and campus style facility
being able to provide enough open spaces ideal for group counseling, family interaction and
gardens. The size and location of the site is perfect for the design of this program type. The
overall site is thirty-five acres.
Site Advantages:
 Located within the city limits with close proximity to downtown, commercial
businesses, shopping, food, places of worship, educational institutions,
medical facilities, residential communities and walking trails.
 Large parcel within the city limits, optimizing facility space for group
counseling, family interaction and residential halls, as well as enhancing
exterior spaces for recreation, serenity and gardens.
 Natural features exist on the site, Blue Jacket Creek and a natural wooded
area.
 Only facility within this area to offer a transitional living campus for people
struggling with the disease of addiction. The closest proximity of a drug and
alcohol treatment facility is forty miles away.
Site Disadvantages:
 Located within the city limits with close proximity to downtown, commercial
businesses, shopping, food, places of worship, educational institutions,
medical facilities, residential communities and walking trails. This is also the
biggest site disadvantage because any facility that involves drug and/or
alcohol treatment and rehabilitation can be viewed negatively within the city.
38
 Although the site is located within walking distance to many locations within
the city, as the city itself is small and easily walk-able, pedestrian traffic is not
common and is seen negatively versus a healthy alternative.
 The site is located along two main roads, Main Street and Lake Avenue. Main
Street is busy with work, school and tourist traffic while Lake Avenue is the
main road to access the elementary, middle and high school. Congested roads
may become a problem for accessing this site.
 Patients may feel uncomfortable with the site located within the city limits.
Addiction is a shameful disease and there may be embarrassment or shame
when traveling to or from the site.
Site Design Strategies:
 Inform the community that the transitional living campus is not a rehab
facility where patients are detoxing. Patients have already completed rehab
and are transitioning back into society, the community, jobs and families
before moving permanently home.
 The campus will not only promote walking to and from different structures
but also along trails and bike paths throughout the campus, woods and city.
 New sidewalks will be constructed around the exterior of the campus,
promoting patients to walk to work, school and shopping which will help
avoid congested roads.
 Shame will always follow an addiction but the facility will offer various
treatment programs and keep signage as discrete as possible.

39
Figure 3.1.1: Location of site within city limits compared to location of downtown
40
Figure 3.1.2: Existing Site Conditions with building types

41
Figure 3.1.3: Proximity to related facility types and occupancy

42

Part Four:
Program Analysis
43
Program
Since this is a prototype facility, the program was derived from various case-studies. The
case studies used to derive a program were from rehab centers and transitional living facilities
for both alcohol and drug related use and for non-alcohol and drug related use, such as; rehab
facilities for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), Anxiety, Depression, Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD), medical campuses, Ronald McDonald houses, as well as halfway houses for
inmates, abusive partners, abusive parents and sober living. Through the case studies, a program
was generated for the overall needs of the users, staff and public. The overall square footage
needed for facility use is approximately 205,000 s.f. with addition of circulation and exterior
spaces.
The campus will include residential units for one-hundred plus occupants, for both
singles and families. Each residential unit will be two bedrooms. For family units, the rooms will
be divided one for parents and one for children (under the age of thirteen). For the single units,
the rooms will be for two roommates to share one unit. Having roommates keeps individuals
from isolating themselves. Providing all of the residential units with two bedrooms will allow for
more occupancy if there are fewer families than singles and vice versa. There will be plenty of
common areas for all of the units both interior and exterior with a courtyard and playground in
the center. The program will include a medical building with in-house nurses, psychiatrists and
psychologists. Doctors will not be on the campus, as the campus is a living facility where
individuals can take care of themselves and will not be detoxing. The site is also in close
proximity to many doctor offices and the hospital. There will be a large counseling facility with
individual counselors, group counselors, family counselors, case managers, spiritual counselors,
employment counselors, motivational counselors and pet therapy counselors. A recreational

44
center will provide and promote health and fitness with a fitness trainer and a dietitian. A
children’s facility will be open to residents, outpatients and any public children who need to
learn about addiction and have a safe place to go with ease of being picked-up or dropped off
from a school bus. The campus will also provide a library, art studio, cafeteria and place of
worship. An equestrian program will be within the campus where the residents will work in the
stables, take care of the horses while receiving pet therapy and riding lessons.
45

4.1
Case Studies
46
Rehab
Rehab Centers
Centers
Transitional Drug & Alcohol SAD

(Seasonal affective disorder)
Architecture Transitional Addiction
& Gardens
Living Housing
Campus
Betty Ford Recovery Hazeldon Passages Timberline

Center Place Malibu Knolls
Monasteries
Figure 4.1.2: Rehab Center Case Study Types
Figure 4.1.1: Defining the program to generate a program for a Transitional Living Campus
Transitional Architecture &

Monasteries
Housing Gardens
Sobriety Halfway Medical Convent of Dallas Katsura Zen

Homes Houses Housing La Tourette Monastary Imperial Villa Gardens
Le Corbusier
Figure 4.1.4: Monastery Case Study Types Figure 4.1.5: Architecture & Garden Case Study Types
Liberty Oxford Ronald

Ranch House McDonald
House
Figure 4.1.3: Transitional Housing Case Study Types
47
4.2
Rehab Centers
48
Rehab Center:
Drug and Alcohol Addiction
Facility Name: Betty Ford Center
Location: Rancho Mirage, CA
Established: October 4, 1982
Figure 4.2.1: Betty Ford Center entrance
The Betty Ford Center is voted one of the best rehab recovery centers in the United
States. This rehab center is voted on of the best in the United States for many reasons due to the
location, size, special features and staff. The facility is situated on a twenty acre site in Rancho
Mirage, California. The large campus allows space for outdoor activities, a lake and courtyard.
The Betty Ford Center takes pride in their family and children program. Many rehab centers
offer little to no family support programs and it is almost rare for any of them to offer programs
for children. This is one aspect that makes the Betty Ford Center stand out from other rehab
centers. Their family program offers support to family members, family counseling and family
week. Their children’s program offers a great education program for children to learn about
addiction, that it is not their fault and how to handle their emotions in a healthy way. This
program also teaches children how to live healthy in general. The children’s program does have
a fee, however, the Betty Ford Center has made is clear that no child is ever turned away due to
the inability to pay for fees. The Betty Ford Center offers many unique features that many other
rehab centers do not have. Some of the unique features include a serenity room, pet therapy and a
health and fitness program.

49
While the Betty Ford Center is voted one of the best recovery centers in the United
States, there are some problems within the program itself. A major problem with many great
rehab centers today is that some of the best rehab facilities have transformed into a celebrity
center. The Betty Ford Center was able to offer one of the best addiction recoveries in the United
States with a top of the line facility, staff and techniques. This resulted in many celebrity
admittances which then resulted in an increase of fees. Today, there have been many celebrities
who have been in and out of the Betty Ford Center multiple times. The cost and fees for
receiving treatment at the Betty Ford Center is no longer realistic for the typical everyday
individual who may really need the treatment. This has also resulted in an issue of celebrities
being able to get special treatment such as, the use of cell phones and computers, the ability to
request any room even if it means to relocate another patient and many other requests. Another
problem in the Betty Ford Center is the location. It is isolated from the real world. Being isolated
in recovery is good for individuals to be able to focus on themselves. However, the real issue is
that the problems that cause individuals to use and abuse a substance will still be at home when
they return from recovery. Someone who suffers from addiction will have triggers that will make
them want to use again, typically these triggers happen at home due to work, family and
everyday stress. When people are not treated and taught how to recover while dealing with their
everyday problems, it causes relapse rates to increase.
The Betty Ford Center is a great case study to this thesis with the respect of all of its great
features. What makes the Betty Ford Center great are the family and children support programs,
the size of the campus and pet therapy. The main disadvantages of the Betty Ford Center are the
cost of the programs offered, the location and the disconnection between the facility and the
everyday lives of individuals.

50
Figure 4.2.2: Betty Ford Center campus
Figure 4.2.3:Betty Ford Center Serenity Room Figure 4.2.4: Betty Ford Center Lake
Figure 4.2.5: Betty Ford Center Fitness center Figure 4.2.6: Betty Ford Center Lounge
51
Rehab Center:
Facility Name: Hazelden Foundation
Location: Center City, MN
Established: 1949
Figure 4.2.7: Hazelden Foundation Entrance
Hazelden Foundation is also among one of the top voted rehab centers in the United
States. During the research of both Hazelden Foundation and the Betty Ford Center, the two
facilities have joined partnership and are now the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation. Hazelden
primarily focuses on individual counseling and assessments through their programs and they
have a good ratio between staff and patents to maintain the personal relationship. Hazelden has
eleven locations all over the United States, which was much different from the Betty Ford Center
which only had one single location. Having multiple locations is a benefit for the Hazelden
Foundation because they are able to reach more individuals in many locations all over the United
States with different treatment programs per area. The Hazelden Foundation programs are set up
to serve the separate needs of men, women and youth witch is a strength in their program that
sets them apart from others. Similar to the Betty Ford Center, one of the main problems with the
Hazelden Foundation is that they are still isolated from the city and homes of the patients.
52
Figure 4.2.8: Hazeldon campus
Figure 4.2.9: Hazeldon Walkway Figure 4.2.10: Hazeldon Path
Figure 4.2.11: Hazeldon Library Figure 4.2.12: Hazeldon Meditation Room

53
Rehab Center:
Facility Name: Passages Malibu
Location: Malibu, CA
Established: 2001
Figure 4.2.13: Passages Malibu Entrance
Passages Malibu is a newer rehab center which was started by a son and father who had
struggled with addiction. This is the first case study that does not practice a twelve step model
but instead they practice a twenty-two holistic approach model. Passages Malibu uses their main
promotions and advertisements through commercials which is fairly different from most rehab
centers. These commercials give the viewer an idea of how the rehab center is run. Passages
Malibu promotes their program by discussing the luxurious features that they have to offer.
Some of the features they offer include massages, acupuncture, spas, Jacuzzis, pools, hiking,
beach front property and getting away from all of the problems at home. The message that
Malibu Passages is addressing is more of a luxurious resort than of a recovery place. Everything
about this case study goes against this thesis, although, there is an importance of relating what is
already existing and the newly established rehab centers that have new techniques.
54
Figure 4.2.14 Passages Malibu campus
Figure 4.2.15: Passages Malibu “refreshing pool” Figure 4.2.16: Passages Malibu “refreshing spa”
Figure 4.2.17: Passages Malibu accupuncture Figure 4.2.18: Passages Malibu massages
55
Rehab Center:
Facility Name: Recovery Center
Location: Savannah, GA
Established: 1984
Figure 4.2.19: Recovery Center Entrance
The Recovery Center is located in Savannah, Georgia within the city limits. This is one
of very few rehab centers that is located within the city limits. The location is very successful for
the Recovery Center. They are able to maintain confidentiality with a need to know basis.
Individuals within the city do not know what the Recovery Center is, where it is located or that it
even exists in Savannah. This is because they do not advertise that they are there, but if someone
needs a rehab center and they search online, the Recovery Place is very easy to find. This allows
them to remain within the city limits and maintain the confidentiality of patients. Patients are
able to be close to their homes, their work and their families while going through treatment
which allows them to be able to learn to recover while dealing with everyday struggles. The
main focus is recovering within the city limit while being involved with the community, family
and friends. One of the best programs that the Recovery Center has is that no person is turned
away due to payment of fees. There are many homeless people in Savannah and the Recovery
Center will help a homeless person to get sober and then work with an employment service to
help get individuals off the streets and back on track. The Recovery Center is the best case study
for this thesis and has many of the same elements and goals. The only downside to the Recover
Center is that they do not have enough space at their location.

56
Rehab Centers Detail Compaisons:
Betty Ford Center Hazelden

Type: Type:
Non-Profit Chemical Dependency Non-Profit Alcohol and Drug Treatment
Recovery Hospital Facility
Mission: To provide effective treatment services Mission: Hazelden helps restore hope, healing,
for alcoholism and other drug dependencies. and health to people affected by addiction to
alcohol and other drugs.
Treatment: Inpatient
Outpatient Treatment: Inpatient
Residential day treatment Outpatient
Family & children education Residential day treatment
Program: 12 Step Philosophy Family Program
Facility: 20 Acres, mountains Men, women youth (12-25)
Security: Yes Recovery Support Services
Beds: 100+; double occupancy, Addiction Research
gender specific Professional Education
Team: Admission Counselor Prevention Curriculum
Physicians/ Psychiatrists Development
Nurses Publishing
Psychologists Addiction Awareness &
Primary Counselors Public Policy
Case Managers Program: 12 Step & Multidimensional
Dietitians Facility: 500 Acres, countryside
Spiritual Care Counselors Security: Yes
Family Counselors Beds: 165 beds
Fitness Trainers Team: Counselors
Technicians Medical Doctors
Family: Family Program Nurses
Children's Program Psychiatrists
Family week Psychologists
Case Managers
"What makes treatment at the Betty Ford Spiritual Care Councelors
Center different, and special?" : "Because we Nutritionists
offer help to the entire family and all who are Financial Case MAnagers
impacted by the disease of addiction." Family: Family Program,
Sibling Program
What is offered after care: Alumni Support Parent Program
Meetings What is offered after care: Alumni, MORE
Alumni: 100,000+ men, women and children (My Ongoing Recovery Experience), 12 Step
Unique Features: Pet Therapy Alumni: 80% of adult patients maintain
Lake abstinent or “dramatically reduce their use”
Serenity Room Unique Features: *
Figure 4.1.20: Detailed comparison between rehab centers

57
Rehab Centers Detail Compaisons (Cont.):
Passages Malibu Recovery Place

Type: Type:
Non-Profit Chemical Dependency CARF accredited substance abuse and
Recovery Hospital behavioral health treatment provider
Mission: Our philosophy is simple: we don’t Mission: Providing Lasting Behavioral Healthcare
believe that addiction is a disease. Instead, we Solutions
believe it is a symptom of a deeper underlying
problem that you are using drugs or alcohol to Treatment: Detoxification
cope with. Outpatient Program
Partial Hospitalization
Treatment: Drug Rehab Residential Program
Alcohol Rehab Detoxification
Prescription Drug Rehab Residential Services
“Acupressure & Massage, Art Therapy, Blood
Outpatient Services
Chemistry Analysis, Chemical Dependency
Relapse Prevention
Counseling, Continuing Care, Hypnotherapy, Life
Purpose Coaching, Marriage & Family Therapy, Professional Resource
Physical Training, Psychotherapy, Yoga” Survivor’s Workshops
Program: NON-12 Step Probation
(22) Holistic Approaches Parole
Facility: 10 Acres, Pacific Ocean DUI Assessments
Security: Yes Employee Assistance
Beds: N/A Child & Adolescent Services
Team: Doctors Marriage and Family
Nurses Program: 12 Step model but not
Psychologists 12 Step Program
Family Therapists Facility: N/A
Trainers Security: Yes
Acupuncturists Beds: 100 beds
Hypnotherapists Team: N/A
Spiritual Counselors Family: Free Family Program
Family: Marriage & Family Therapy ACOA - Adult Children of
What is offered after care: Alumni Addicts
Alumni: N/A Children can live with
Unique Features: mothers
Luxury rehab w/ top of the line facilities and What is offered after care:
amenities: Life Skills Group
5 different estates, breathtaking ocean views Alumni: N/A
10 Acres of Malibu paradise Unique Features:
Tennis court - Located within the city
Full gym with personal trainer - Highly focus on Family
Private and serene detox unit over the Pacific re-connections
Ocean - free treatment
2 swimming pools and a Jacuzzi (homeless or low-income)
Figure 4.1.20 (Cont.): Detailed comparison between rehab centers

58
Rehab Centers Program and Expense Compaisons:
Treatment Programs Length of Stay Cost

Inpatient Treatment 30-90 days $33,000-$66,750
Residential Day Treatment 30-90 days $23,000-$48,300
Licensed Professionals 30-90 days $33,000-$58,000
Young Adult Recovery Program (18-25) 90 days $62,000

120 days $71,000
Pain Management Program 45 days $47,000
Relapse Treatment Program 30 days $33,000
Intensive Outpatient Program 8 weeks $6,400

insurance accepted
Prevention&Education Programs Length of Stay Cost

Children’s Program (7-12) 4 days $400
Family Program 5 days $750
Services Length of Stay Cost

Clinical Diagnostic Evaluation 3 days ** Call
Therapeutic Aftercare 90 days - Open Ended $95 initial

$40 session/ week
Figure 4.1.21: Betty Ford Center programs and fees
59
Rehab Centers Program and Expense Compaisons:

Inpatient TreatmentProfessionals Program
Residential&Legal 30-90
30-120days
days $33,000-$66,750
$30,360 first 30 days
$918/day+ addl charges
Health CareDay
Residential Professionals
TreatmentProgram 30-90 days $119/group
$23,000-$48,300
+rres. costs
$559assesment
Residential Evaluation Services
Licensed Professionals 5 daysdays
30-90 $6,855
$33,000-$58,000
Young
MentalAdult
HealthRecovery
Clinic Program (18-25) 90 days
ongoing** $62,000
**by needs
120 days $71,000
Family
Pain Program Program
Management 4 days
45 days $47,000
Free for one family member
$878/ additional member
Relapse
Teen Intervene
Treatment Program 330Sessions
days $300/
$33,000
session
Intensive
Hazelden Outpatient
ConnectionProgram 8 weeks
18 months $6,400
$9,000
insurance accepted
Figure 4.1.22: Hazelden programs and fees

Inpatient Treatment
Residential 30-X
30-90days
days $33,000-$66,750
$17,500 first 30 days
Figure 4.1.23: Passages Malibu programs and fees

60
Rehab Center:
SAD
Facility Name: Timberline Knolls
Location: Lemont, Illinois
Established: 2005
Figure 4.2.24: Timberline Knolls Entrance
Timberline Knolls is a recovery center for people suffering from seasonal affectionate
disorder (SAD). They have many different program types for all types of individuals from people
suffering from PTSD, eating disorders, substance abuse and many others. Timberline Knolls has
a great program with a beautiful campus. The campus received recognition from the American
Institute of Landscape Architects. “The tranquil grounds contain a lake and reflecting ponds, an
historic art studio, comfortable contemporary residential facilities, and outdoor activity fields.”22
Timberline Knolls has many great programs for individuals of all types, however, since their
audience is very broad, they are forced to combine many different individuals into the same
treatment classes and group discussions. This can work in some situations for someone who is
struggling from a substance abuse problem to take a depression therapy class; however, this also
means that some individuals who do not have an eating disorder are still required to go to those
therapy classes. With the broad audience, the individuals are not getting the specific treatment
that they need in order to have a successful recovery.

22
"Welcome to Timberline Knolls, A Private Residential Treatment Center." Eating Disorder, Drug Addiction &
Alcohol Treatment Center. Timberline Knolls Residential Treatment Center, 2005-20013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
61
Figure 4.2.25 Timberline Knolls campus
Figure 4.2.26: Timberline Knolls art studio Figure 4.2.27: Timberline Knolls tranquil waterfall
Figure 4.2.28: Timberline Knolls equestrian program Figure 4.2.29: Timberline Knolls contemporary arch.
62
REhab Center Detail Compaisons:
Timberline Knolls
Type:
Residential Treatment Center
Mission: Timberline Knolls’ treatment philosophy

integrates medical excellence with attention to the
realities of recovery by helping women (ages 12 &
up) to strengthen five core aspects of the self:
1.Physical 2.Mental 3.Emotional 4.Spiritual
5.Social
Treatment:
Treatment of eating disorders, substance abuse
and addiction, and mood disorders
Program: Holistic Treatment Program
Facility: 43 wooded acres
Treatment: Psychotherapy
Family counceling
Mutual Support Groups
Outpatient Treatment
Residential Drug Treatment
Sober Living
Prescription Medication
Inpatient Hospitals
Team: Primary therapist
Family therapist
Psychiatrist (MD)
Internal medicine physician
Addiction specialist
Registered dietician (RD)
Eating disorder specialist
Family: Free Family Program
ACOA - Adult Children of
Addicts
Children can live with
mothers
What is offered after care: Alumni Program
Alumni: N/A
Unique Features:
- art therapy, painting, sculpture
- equine assisted psychotherapy
- dance/movement therapy
- empowerment group
- self-defense
- outdoor recreation
Figure 4.2.30: Detailed comparison of SAD treatment center

63

Part Five:
Quantitative Program Design

64
Figure 5.1.1: Basic programmatic bubble diagram
Figure 5.1.2: Networking programmatic bubble diagram
Figure 5.1.3: Programmatic bubble diagram

65
Program requirements per space with calculated square footage required per person and totals.
Figure 5.1.4: Program and square footage needed (Living Facilities, Main Office and Medical Building)
66
Figure 5.1.5: Program and square footage needed (Therapy/ Counseling and Recreational Center)
67
Figure 5.1.6: Program and square footage needed (Library, Art Studio, Cafeteria and Place of Worship)
68
Figure 5.1.7: Program and square footage needed (Children’s Facility, Equestrian Stables, Exterior Spaces and
Parking)
69

Part Six:
Schematic Site and Building Design

70
Schematic Site Design
After researching both the disease of addiction, programs offered, after care and relapse
rates and the relationship of this research to the site, it was evident that the geographic area of the
site has high rates for addiction and all of the negative side effects that come with addiction
without help in the area. The question for this thesis, what makes the perfect healing/
transitioning/ recovering space? It was clear that when designing, this thesis was not just
designing a facility for the program but designing an environment for the users of this program.
There are many parallels in the site design to create the perfect healing/ transitioning/ recovery
environment. The parallels include; city and nature, public and private spaces, freedom and
security, and past/present/future.
Parallels in Schematic Site Design:
 City and Nature
o Connect the users with the city yet to provide enough nature to escape
the city simultaneously
 Public and Private
o Provide enough private spaces to focus on self-healing but provide
enough public spaces to engage interaction with community, family,
friends, loved ones and to avoid isolation
 Free and Secure
o Large un-confining space to wonder, explore and be free with the
sense of security from a gated community
 Past/ Present/ Future
o Space to reflect, space to live and space to move forward

71
Site Design Inspiration
Japanese gardens are designed in a way that they accomplish all parallels in the design.
They are beautiful masterpieces that can be used for reflection, aesthetic pleasure, symbolism,
peacefulness, spirituality and pure harmony with man and nature. There are two main types of
Japanese gardens; sacred, spiritual gardens and secular, entertainment and aesthetic enjoyment
gardens. The finest Japanese gardens today combine both sacred and secular gardens which
combine aesthetic pleasure with a feeling of philosophical or religious profundity.
“At the root of all such basic principles is the understanding that a garden is a
work of art. Though inspired by nature, it is an interpretation rather than a copy; it should
appear to be natural but it is not wild. A primary challenge to the designer is to bring out
the intrinsic nature of a landscape scene in such a way that it is beautiful in all seasons of
the year.23”
There are many basic elements and principles in Japanese gardens. Structural features such as
rocks are used to represent mountains, trees and shrubs connect and transition spaces, water elements for
purification and reflection, fences and walls and paths and bridges develop entry style and provide
privacy, decorative elements such as lanterns provide color and interest, transitional spaces for users to
have space to contemplate the garden versus wandering through it, and islands provide balance and
contrast, “yin and yang”.
The art of Japanese gardens is formed from experimental learning, body experiences such as
viewing works of past masters, learning from nature and apprenticeships, whereas, most American
gardens and art are formed from the verbal learning, personal experience such as oral transmission and
books. With the experimental learning art form for Japanese gardens there is a language that is developed
architecturally through the rhythm of proportions and sensory effects. The rhythm of proportions is ideal

23
Slawson, David A., and Zōen. Secret Teachings in the Art of Japanese Gardens: Design Principles, Aesthetic
Values. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1987. Print.
72
to the human scale in the kneeling or sitting position. From kneeling or sitting on the floor of a building,
the height proportions are of standing on the ground and looking at the same view. This proportion style
keeps the architecture very low to the ground with only one or two steps onto the ground plane. The
sensory effect is about embodying the three forces of horizontal, vertical and diagonal which can translate
into horizontal force relating to earth, the vertical force relating to heaven and the diagonal force relating
to man. This triangular formation of forces can be seen in rock formations as well as when the human
body is in a meditation sitting pose.
Through studying Japanese gardens and architecture, the schematic design has incorporated many
Japanese design principles and elements that have worked for creating an overall environment that is
perfect for healing, transitioning and recovering back into society. The design used a natural Japanese
garden typology incorporating lush vegetation and a river and pond system that is fed off of a natural
creek on the site. The waterways represent the circle of life, change and reflection. Together the site has
developed a river system with many islands that represent contrast and balance with spaces for reflection,
recreation, living, gardening, worship, aesthetic pleasure and a journey from one place to another. Bridges
and pedestrian paths are inventively placed around the site for the user to experience the garden the way
the designer intended and each bridge represents a cross-over point from one chapter to another.
73
Figure 6.1.1: Schematic Site Design
Figure 6.1.2: River of Change

74
Figure 6.1.3: Rhythm of Proportions 1
Figure 6.1.4: Rhythm of Proportions 2
Figure 6.1.5: River Depth Section 1
Figure 6.1.6: River Depth Section 2

75
Figure 6.1.7: Apartment Floor Plan 1
Figure 6.1.8: Apartment Floor Plan 2

76
Figure 6.1.9: Isometric Site Plan with Perspective Drawings

77
Part Seven:
Design Development
78
Figure 7.1.1: Site Plan

79
Figure 7.1.2: Main Office First Floor Plan
Figure 7.1.3: Main Office Second Floor Plan

80
Figure 7.1.4: Place of Worship First Floor Plan
Figure 7.1.5: Apartments First Floor Plan

81
Figure 7.1.6: Apartments Second Floor Plan

82
Figure 7.1.7: Construction Detail: Curtain Wall and Truss Figure 7.1.8: Construction Detail: Green Roof
Figure 7.1.9: Main Office Section 1
Figure 7.1.10: Main Office Section 2
Figure 7.1.11: Place of Worship Section 1

83
Figure 7.1.12: Apartment Section 1 Figure 7.1.13: Apartment Section 2
Figure 7.1.14: Main Office East Elevation
Figure 7.1.15: Main Office West Elevation
Figure 7.1.16: Main Office South Elevation

84
Figure 7.1.17: Place of Worship North Elevation Figure 7.1.18: Apartments West Elevation
Figure 7.1.19: Apartments South Elevation Figure 7.1.20: Apartments North Elevation
Figure 7.1.21: Main Entrance Rendering

85
Figure 7.1.22: Place of Worship Rendering
Figure 7.1.23: Apartments Rendering

86
Conclusion
In conclusion, a lot was learned from this thesis. From the very beginning
research phases, I was lucky enough to find very resourceful books. The book
Inside Rehab has a lot of great detail about addiction, what it means, personal
stories and what rehab facilities exist today. This book gave me the knowledge to
push myself into the right direction for my thesis. Originally, this thesis was going
to be designing a better rehab facility. After some thought and research, it was
realized that there was a need for a transitional living campus that could help
decrease the relapse rates and keep people sober. Every day was a learning
experience with my thesis; discovering new information, new ideas and different
ways of thinking. I am very satisfied with the overall outcome of this thesis project
from the final defense, to the exhibition and the progress of the book. I would
greatly like to further work on this project after graduation. I believe that my
design for a Transitional Living Campus is fully practical and is a facility that is
needed not only in Logan County Ohio, but in many other places as well. From an
architectural design standpoint, a construction standpoint and even a recovering/
rehabilitation standpoint, this thesis could serve as a learning tool for many
different types of recovery centers. The Transitional Living Campus is a project
that I will continue to work on in my profession and hope to only better improve
the design in hopes that one day something like this will exist.
87
Appendix A
88
Final Boards
Figure A.1: Final Boards
Figure A.2: Final Boards - Rendering 1 Figure A.3: Final Boards - Rendering 2 Figure A.4: Final Boards - Rendering 3
89
Appendix B
90
Model Photos
Figure B.1: Site Model Photo 1

91
Figure B.2: Site Model Photo 2

92
Bibliography
"Addiction Treatment Center - Alcohol Rehab & Drug Rehab." Addiction Treatment Center.
Brody, Jane E. "Effective Addiction Treatment." Well Effective Addiction Treatment Comments.
The New York Times, 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2013.
"Cistercian Abbey - Our Lady of Dallas." Cistercian Abbey - Our Lady of Dallas. Cistercian
Monastery, 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013.
"Convent of La Tourette Le Corbusier." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. Oct.-Nov. 2013.
"Drug Addiction Facts and Statistics." Michaels House. Foundations Recovery Network, n.d.
Web. 04 Apr. 2013.
"Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Center." Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Center | Betty
Ford Center. Betty Ford Center, 2009-2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Fletcher, Anne M. Inside Rehab: The Surprising Truth about Addiction Treatment: And How to
Get Help That Works. New York: Viking, 2013. Print.
"For Helping Families Find Strength in Numbers." Ronald McDonald House Charities.
McDonald's Corporation, 20013. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Gordon, Mary. "Betty Ford Center Family Program Experience." YouTube. YouTube, 25 Aug.
2011. Web. 6 Oct. 2013.
"Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment Center." Hazelden -- Addiction Treatment Center. Hazelden,
2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
"Intervention Summary." Intervention Summary. N.p., 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
"Katsura Imperial Villa." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. Oct.-Nov. 2013.

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Niebuhr, Reinhold. "The Serenity Prayer." The Serenity Prayer. Bread on the Waters, 14 July
2002. Web. 27 Oct. 2013.
"Ohio Department of Mental Health & Addiction Services Research Ohio Substance Abuse
Monitoring (OSAM) Network OSAM Drug Trend Reports." Ohio Department of Mental
Health & Addiction Services Research Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring (OSAM)
Network OSAM Drug Trend Reports. Mental Health & Addiction Services, 2011. Web.
11 Jan. 2014. <http://mha.ohio.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=514>.
"Policy Impact: Prescription Painkiller Overdoses." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 09 July 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Poisoning/laws/state/index.html>.
“Providing Lasting Behavioral Healthcare Solutions”. Recovery Place. YP Intellectual Property
LLC., 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
Slawson, David A., and Zōen. Secret Teachings in the Art of Japanese Gardens: Design
Principles, Aesthetic Values. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1987. Print.
"Self-Help for Sobriety Without Relapse." Oxford House. N.p., 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
"The 12 Steps." 12Step.org for Sobriety, Strength and Serenity. N.p., 2013. Web. 27 Nov. 2013.
Verderber, S. (February 1983). “Human Response to Daylighting in the Therapeutic
Environment.” 1983 International Daylighting Conference. Phoenix, AZ: General
Proceedings; pg. 415.
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Drug Addiction & Alcohol Treatment Center. Timberline Knolls Residential Treatment
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Brittany Marie Goings

Dr. Hsu-Jen Huang

Professor Carole Pacheco

for Brooke and me.

To my best friend, Katlynn,

talked me through every situation and has always stood by my side.

To my significant other, Zachary,

rollercoaster of emotions. Thank you for your support, your love,

your understanding and for helping me maintain sanity. A special

To my family and friends,

helped give me the motivation, courage and strength I needed.

Design), you helped me in both an architectural knowledge based advising, as well as at an

the inside of recovery centers and how they are operated.

List of Figures 1-5

1.3 Concept Models

Part Two: Context Analysis and Regional Description 30-34

2.1 Context: Logan County Ohio

2.2 Context: Bellefontaine, Ohio

Part Three: Site Analysis 35-41

3.1 Context: Logan County Ohio

3.2 Logan County Fairgrounds

Part Four: Program Analysis 42-62

4.1 Program Analysis

4.2 Case Studies

Part Five: Quantitative Program Development 63-68

5.1 Program Development

Part Six: Schematic Site and Building Design 69-76

6.1 Schematic Design

Part Seven: Design Development 77-86

7.1 Design Development

1.1 Final Boards

2.1 Model Photos

Part One: General Architectural Principles, Proposed Goals, and Justification

Part Two: Context Analysis and Regional Description

Part Three: Site Analysis

Part Four: Program Analysis

Part Five: Quantitative Program Development

Part Six: Schematic Site and Building Design

Part Seven: Design Development

General Architectural Principles, Proposed Goals, and Justification

been described in a medically unbiased way,

“Thanks to four decades of NIH (National Institution of Health)-sponsored

still incompletely understood combination of genetic and environmental risk factors

What kind of treatment is offered?

communities, sober-living facilities and individual treatment. Each treatment program is

program and the location.

The Serenity Prayer6:

God grant me the serenity

Living one day at a time;

Anne Fletcher describes the Many Shapes of Rehab:7

Residential – A residential treatment rehab is one of the most common types of

Outpatient treatment is often recommended to patients after they complete a residential

into outpatient treatment.

Inpatient - Inpatient is an intensively watched treatment that mostly handles

conditions or mental disorders.

Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPS) - Opioid Treatment Programs are treatments

painkillers. Most of these treatment facilities offer replacement medications including

medication for detoxification, because essentially it is replacing a medication with

Therapeutic Communities (TCS) – Therapeutic Communities often treat patients

become accountable, productive and responsible.

Sober-Living Facilities – Sober-living facilities is a type of transition after

to be enrolled in outpatient treatment. The main objective for sober-living facilities is to

help re-socialize the patients into society.