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Lect-13
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Problem 1
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 1
Water
25oC
0.5 m3
Iron
m=50 kg
80oC
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 1
• Assumptions:
– Both water and the iron block are incompressible
substances.
– Constant specific heats at room temperature can
be used for water and the iron.
– The system is stationary and thus the kinetic and
potential energy changes are zero, ΔKE, ΔPE=0
and ΔE= ΔU.
– There are no electrical, shaft, or other forms of
work involved.
– The system is well-insulated and thus there is no
heat transfer.
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 1
• The energy balance can be expressed as:
Ein -Eout = ∆Esystem (kJ)
Net energy transfer Change in internal, kinetic
by heat, work and mass potential etc. energies
0 = ∆U
ΔUsystem = ΔUiron + ΔUwater =0
[mc(T2-T1)]iron + [mc(T2-T1)]water=0
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 1
Therefore, T2 = 25.6oC
This will be the temperature of water and iron after
the system attains thermal equilibrium.
Note: The marginal change in the temperature of
water. Why is this so?
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Problem 2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Problem 3
• Air at a temperature of 15oC passes through a
heat exchanger at a velocity of 30 m/s where its
temperature is raised to 800oC. It then passes
through a turbine with the same velocity of 30
m/s and expands until the temperature falls to
650oC. On leaving the turbine, the air is taken at
a velocity of 60 m/s to a nozzle where it expands
until its temperature has fallen to 500oC. If the
air flow rate is 2 kg/s, find (a) rate of heat
transfer from the heat exchanger (b) the power
output from the turbine (c) velocity at nozzle exit
assuming no heat loss
• Assume cp= 1.005 kJ/kg K
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 3
Q Heat exchanger
1 2
WT
Turbine
T1=15oC, T2=800oC
V1=30m/s, V2=30m/s
T3=650oC, V3=60m/s 3 4
T4=500oC Nozzle
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 3
• Applying the energy equation across 1-2 (heat
exchanger)
• • • V22 − V12
Q − W = m h2 − h1 + + g ( z 2 − z1 )
2
For a heat exchanger, this reduces to,
• • •
Q1− 2 = m(h2 − h1 ) = m c p (T2 − T1 )
= 2 ×1.005 × (1073.16 − 288.16) = 1580 kJ/s
• The rate of heat exchanger to the air in the heat
exchanger is 1580 kJ/s
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 3
• The energy equation the turbine 2-3
• • V22 − V32
W = m h2 − h3 +
2
•
W = 2 × 1005 × (1073.16 − 923.16 ) +
30 2 − 60 2 ( )
2
= 298.8 kW
• The power output from the turbine is 298.8 kW
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 3
• For the nozzle (3-4)
V32 V42
+ h3 = + h4
2 2
2 2
60 V4
+ 1.005 × (923.16) = + 1.005 × (773.16)
2 2
∴V4 = 554 m / s
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Problem 4
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 4
High temperature
Source
QH=80 MW
Heat
Wnet,out
Engine
QL=50 MW
Low temperature
Sink
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 4
• We know that the net power output is the
difference between the heat input and the
heat rejected (cyclic device)
Wnet,out =QH + QL
= 80 – 50 MW= 30 MW
• The net work output is 30 mW.
• The thermal efficiency is the ratio of the
net work output and the heat input.
ηth = Wnet,out/QH =30/80 = 0.375
• The thermal efficiency is 0.375 or 37.5 %
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Problem 5
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 5
Warm surroundings
QH
Refrige
Wnet,in=2 kW
rator
QL=360 kJ/min
Food compartment
at 4oC
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Problem 5
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Problem 6
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 6
T1 T3
Q1 Q3
W
Heat Heat
Engine Pump
Q2 Q4
T2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 6
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Solution: Problem 6
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Exercise Problem 1
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
Exercise Problem 2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-13
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay