ACCIDENT TRACKING APP FOR ANDROID MOBILE

By

NAME

(Register No: 201352523)

A report for the project submitted to the

Faculty of
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

for the partial fulfilment of the

award of the degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

DEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTERAPPLICATIONS
MEPCO SCHLENK ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SIVAKASI
(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to Anna University,Chennai)

June 2016
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “ACCIDENT TRACKING APP FOR
ANDROID MOBILE” is the bonafide work of Ms. NAME (Register Number:
201352253) who carried out the project under my supervision. Certified further, that
to the best of my knowledge the work reported here in does not form part of any
other report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred
on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

Supervisor Director

Mr.A.Subramaniyan, MCA.,MBA.,M.Phil Dr.G.Chandrasekaran,M.S.,M.Tech,Ph.D

Assistant Professor Sr. Professor and Director
Department of Computer Applications Department of Computer Applications
MepcoSchlenk Engineering College, MepcoSchlenk Engineering College,
Sivakasi. Sivakasi.

Submitted for the Project Viva-voce examination held at MepcoSchlenk Engineering

College(Autonomous) , Sivakasi on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel immensely pleased to thank everyone who helped and encouraged me

to complete this project work.

First, I wish to convey my sincere thanks to Dr.S.Arivazhagan, M.E., Ph.D.,

FIETE.,Principal, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College for giving me permission to do

my final year project in the concerned organization.

I wish to express my heartfelt and sincere thanks to Dr.G.Chandrasekaran,

M.S.,M.Tech.,Ph.D, Sr. Prof. & Director, Department of computer Applications,

Mepco Schlenk Engineering College for his motivation and encouragement for doing

this project work.

I wish my gratitude to my Internal Guide Mr.A.Subramanian, MCA, MBA,

M.Phil, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, for her guidance

and suggestions to the project.

I convey my thanks to the External Guide Mr.K.Vigneshwaran M.E.,

Technical head, Saaiesh Group inc., Chennaifor his valuable guidance, support and

encouragement during the project duration.

I wish to express my deep gratitude to all the staff members of the

Department of computer Applications for their great support & encouragement to

complete this project. Above all, I thank the Almighty and My Parents, for what I am

and of course, friends.

 ABSTRACT

The project entitled as a “Accident Tracking App for Android Mobile” can
ability to accurately detect a vehicle’s location and its status is the main goal of
automobile trajectory monitoring systems and also the high demand of automobiles
has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents.

The main objective of the project is to help the peoples who met the accidents

and also develop low cost Accident Detection System using Android.

This design is a system which can detect accidents in significantly less time
and sends the basic information to first aid center within a few seconds covering
geographical coordinates, the time and angle in which a vehicle accident had
occurred.
This alert message is sent to the rescue team in a short time, which will help in
saving the valuable lives.

These systems are implemented using several hybrid techniques that include:

 GPS Receiver

 Accelerometers

The main objectives of this work are:

 To Reduce the Human Death Ratio due to Road Accident

in India.

 If accident takes place, quick transmission of message to

preconfigured contacts to intimate the victims.

 To provide maximum assistance even in unpopulated area.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No Title Page No

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF TABLES viii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Organization Profile 1

1.2 Synopsis 2

2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3

2.1Requirement Analysis 3

2.1.1 Hardware Requirements 3

2.1.2 Software Requirements 3

2.2 Existing System 3

2.3 Proposed System 4

2.4 Feasibility Study 5

2.4.1 Economical Feasibility 5

2.4.2 Technical Feasibility 5

 2.4.2.1 Economic Analysis 5

2.4.2.2 Operational Analysis 5

2.4.2.3 Schedule, Timeline Analysis 6

2.4.2.4 Cost Benefit Analysis 6

3 SYSTEM DESIGN 7

3.1 Data Flow Diagram 7

3.2 UML Diagram 9

3.2.1 Class Diagram 9

3.2.2 Use-Case Diagram 10

3.2.3 Sequence Diagram 11

3.2.4 ER Diagram 12

3.2.5 Deployment Diagram 13

3.3 Data Base Design 14

3.3.1 New User Registration Details 14

3.4 System Architecture 14

3.5 Modular Design 15

 3.5.1 Emergency User Details 15

3.5.2 GPS Based Location Fetching 15

3.5.3 GPS Based Speed Calculation 16

3.5.4 Accelerometer 16

3.5.5 Accident Detection 16

3.5.6 Emergency Alert System 16

4 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 18

4.1 Accidents Detection 19

4.1.1 Device Background Module 20

4.1.2 Location Tracking 20

4.1.3 Steering Rotation Tracking 21

4.1.4 False Alarm Detection 21

4.1.5 Information Delivery 21

4.2 Technologies Used 21

4.2.1 GPS 21

4.2.2 GSM 22
4.2.3 GPRS 23

4.3 Accident Prediction System 24

4.3.1Traditional Accident Prediction System 24

4.3.2 Real Time Accident Prediction System 24

4.4 Accident Detection System 24

4.4.1 Manual Detection System 24

4.4.2 Driver Initiated Detection System 25

4.5 Difference between Accident Prediction and 25

Accident Detection System

4.6 System Methodologies 25

4.6.1 GPS Receiver 25

4.6.2 GSM/GPRS Modem 25

4.6.3 MicroController Unit 26

4.7 Software Applications 26

4.7.1 Java 26

4.7.2 Linux2.6 Kernel 26

4.7.2.1 Security Model 26

 4.7.2.2 Memory Management 26

4.7.2.3 Process Management 26

4.7.2.4 Network Stack 26

4.7.2.5 Driver Model 26

4.7.3 Getting the Java Development Kit 27

4.7.3.1 Downloading the JDK 27

4.7.3.2 Installing the JDK 28

4.7.4 Acquiring the Android SDK 28

4.7.4.1 Downloading the Android SDK 29

4.7.5 Getting the Total Eclipse 30

4.7.5.1 Choosing the Right Eclipse Version 30

4.7.5.2 Installing Eclipse 30

5 SOFTWARE TESTING 32

5.1 Test Cases for Smoke Sensor 34

5.2 Test Cases for Flame Sensor 35

5.3 Test Cases for Knock Sensor 37

6 CONCLUSION 39

6.1 Future Enhancement 40

7 APPENDIX 41

7.1 Sample Screens 41

8 REFERENCES 51
 LIST OF FIGURES

S NO FIGURE NO DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE PAGE NO

1 3.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Level-0 8

2 Level-1 9

3 3.2.1 Class Diagram 10

4 3.2.2 Use-Case Diagram 11

5 3.2.3 Sequence Diagram 12

6 3.2.4 ER Diagram 13

7 3.2.5 Deployment Diagram 14

8 3.4 System Architecture 15

9 4.2.1 GPS System 24

10 4.2.3 GPRS System 25

11 4.7.3.1 Select JDK 31

12 4.7.4.1 Installing Archives 33

13 4.7.5.2 Eclipse Welcome Screen 34

14 5.1.1 Displaying Smoke Value above 360 37

15 5.1.2 SMS Received after the Smoke value 38

16 5.2.1 Displaying Flame Sensor Value above 850 39

17 5.2.2 SMS Received after the Flame Value 39

18 5.3.1 Displaying Knock Value above 100 40

S NO FIGURE NO DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE PAGE
NO

19 5.3.2 SMS Received after the Knock detected 41

20 7.1 Accident Detection System 44

21 7.2 Accident Detection 45

22 7.3 Emergency Users 46

23 7.4 New User Registration 47

24 7.5 View Registered User 48

25 7.6 Accelerometer Sensor Reading 49

26 7.7 Accelerometer Sensor Reading 50

27 7.8 Accelerometer Sensor Reading 51

28 7.9 Alert Notification 52

29 7.10 Alert Message Sent to the Contacts 53

 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION PROFILE

Saaiesh Group Inc is a world-class corporation in India which serves by

integrating skilled people, tested practices and innovative technology; in providing a
range of services including Call Centre facilities, Service/Facility Management and
Back Office Solutions.

India has shown tremendous foresight to ensure that as a country, she

evolves as a major player in IT and ITES sectors, especially in the past decade.
With this backdrop, the country is surging forward as a major superpower in IT and
ITES portfolios and ensuring the country progresses with record growth
performances.

Saaiesh Group inc can provide you a solution that enables you to stay focused on
what's important-growing your business and serving your customers.Saaiesh Group
inc provides technology solutions designed to meet the development, support and
business process needs of enterprise world-wide.

1
 SYNOPSIS

This project is mainly developed to enable the vision of smart and safe cities,
by exploiting mobile and social networking and internet technologies to securely
and privately extract, model and embed real-time public safety information into
user experiences.

In India, the World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed in its first ever
Global Status Report on Road Safety that more people die in road accidents in
India than anywhere else in the world, including the more populous China.
Calling road facilities an "epidemic" that will become the world's fifth biggest killer
by 2030, thereport said while rich nations had been able to lower their death
rates, these were sharply on the rise in the third world. It said 90% of deaths on
the world's roads occur in low and middle-income countries (21.5 and 19.5 per
lakh of population,respectively) though they have just 48% of all registered
vehicles. The statistics for India are chilling. At least 13 people die every hour in
road accidents in the country, the latest report of the National Crime Records
Bureau reveals. However, road safety experts say the real numbers could be
higher since many of these accident cases are not even reported.

"There is no estimate of how many injured in road accidents die a few

hours or days after the accident," points out RohitBaluja, member of the UN
Road Safety Collaboration and Commission of Global Road Safety representing
Asia. Based on the records, India will become the world number 1 in Road
Deaths due tothe poor record of average 13 die every hour, which is 1.14 lakh
per year. This will make India to be the first place. This causative information
about the accidents is the intent to develop the proposed technology as scientific
traffic engineering wings to reduce the fatalities due to accidents.

2
 CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Hardware Requirements
Processor : Intel i5 @ 2.0GHz

RAM : 2 GB

Internal Memory : 1 GB

Sensor : GPS Receiver,Accelerometer

Software Requirements

Operating System : Android(2.0) Froyo and Above.

Language : Java

Database : MySQL

Software : Android-ADT Bundle Development

Tool

EXISTING SYSTEM

In existing system there is no way to find the accidents needs long time . After
accidents the accident was find some delay of time.So many chance to die during
time delay after accidents.Also the ambulance and hospital there is no way to find
the exact location of the accident.The Manual process of detecting accidents and
accident Locations. Information's are manually updated by the particular user then
the emergency backup will be send to corresponding persons.

3
Disadvantages

 In existing system the GPS sensors are not used for getting
Location.
 One our car is accident there no one cannot known our
accidents.
 More time delay many chance to dead.
 After that finding accident vehicle is impossible.
 Long time is required to search accidents place.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

Today Mobile phones are equipped with inbuilt sensors that givesafetyenhancement
to the drivers on road.In this project emphasis on safety with advanced driver
assistance system (ADAS’s). Google Earth is used to create road condition maps
using GPS coordinates. A wireless black box using GPS tracking and GSM module
can be developed for accidental tracking.
The accident detection algorithm was developed based on sudden deceleration. The
double integration of the acceleration and heading from the tilt angles
ofaccelerometers were used to determine the location.
Kalman filter was utilized to correct the accumulated double integration errors with
the trusted GPS data. The field tests demonstrated the correct functioning of the
accident detection algorithm and location. The proposed low-cost system can save
many lives by the automated accident detection and accurate location even during
GPS outage.
Advantages
Accident detection using cheap devices
 Get the current location of the accident spot
 Get quick help response
 Low Cost
 Effective

4
 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are

 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

It was determined that three options existed to solve our GPS Positioning System
needs. These options include:

 Use the Current System

 Buy a New System
 Develop a New System In-House

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Economic Analysis

We have the capital to invest into this profitable venture. This project also will start to
show financial benefits early on in this project.

Operational Analysis

This will allow us to operate efficiently as well as allow better communications

between the driver and the clients’ base of operations. This will lead to reduced
downtime stemming from not knowing where to drive or not being able to find the
location. We also expect our operators to have to learn the new application.

5
Schedules, Timeline Analysis

Beginning November, we will begin to design this system of our company. In

Dec 2015, we plan to have completed our structured specification.

At the end of the year in May of 2016we will have completed the entire project
for an overalltime span of 6 month for total design and implementation.

Cost Benefit Analysis

For each option, a Net Present Value analysis and Break-even point analysis
was performed to decide which option would provide the best financial gain. It was
determined that option 3, developing a new system, was the most cost effective
solution as it provide a 1.33 year break-even point. Please refer to the calculations
on the next three pages for more details.

6
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESIGN

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Level-0: To detect the accident using flow diagram

Fig 3.1: To detect the accident using kalman filter and the accelerometer

7
Level-1:To detect the accident using flow diagram

Fig 3.2: To detect the accident using speed >23kmph

8
UML DIAGRAMS

CLASS DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2.1 Consists of Force Sensor,GPS,User

9
 USE-CASE DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2.1 Consist of user to monitoring and force sensor to detect trigger
function

10
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2.3 Sequences for Accelerometer,GPS,Alerting System

11
ER DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2.4 Getting the location and the alert message send to the user

12
DEPLOYMENT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2.5 Dploying the Device,User and the Alerting System

13
3.3 DATABASE DESIGN

3.3.1 NEW USER REGISTRATION DETAILS

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

Uname Varchar(20) Not Null User Name

uphonenumber Number(10) Not Null Phone Number

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

System Architecture

14
 MODULAR DESIGN

These are the modules used in this project:

 Emergency Users

 GPS Based Location Fetching

 GPS Based Speed Calculation

 Accelerometer

 Accident Detection

 Emergency Alert System

EMEGENCY USERS MODULE

User who can input and store their emergency contacts details to the

database. User can insert the person name and mobile number for

emergencysituation. And the user can manage their contact list by add and delete

their user details. When the accident was happen emergency alert messages are

send to these emergency contact details.

GPS BASED LOCATION FETCHING

The GPS based location fetching can fetch the accurate positiongetting latitude and

longitude values. In android GPS can be fetched by GPS broadcast receiving and

get the location details. For mentioning the accident location and calculating speed

of the user position location will be fetched by the GPS module.

15
 GPS BASED SPEED CALCULATION

GPS based speed calculation has been done by using continuously

monitoring the user location values. The GPS receiver determines position by the

direct line-of-sight signal from the satellites. The blockage by any obstruction affects

both the amplitude and phase of the received satellite signals and needs requisition

of satellite signals. Moreover, the update rate of GPS is also not sufficient to

determine the acceleration from the speed data for the purpose of accident

detection.

ACCELEROMETER

An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration ("g-force").

Proper acceleration is not the same as coordinate acceleration (rate of change of

velocity). For example, an accelerometer at rest on the surface of the Earth will

measure an acceleration g= 9.81 m/s2 straight upwards. By contrast, accelerometers

in free fall orbiting and accelerating due to the gravity of Earth will measure zero.

ACCIDENT DETECTION

An efficient accident detection model is vital in detecting vehicleaccident. A

threshold-based filtering of deceleration is used to predict theoccurrence of an

accident. The accident detection scenario is activated when the vehicle travels

above 23 kph. Speed below this is not likely to cause any fatal accident situation in

frontal crash and reduces the false alarm of accident situation.

16
 EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM

The information sent as a GPRS data and SMS will be received bya GSM/GPRS

modem connected to a computer. A middleware will be written to interpret the SMS

and GPRS data. An appropriate program will be written so that Google Maps can be

incorporated and the accident location is automatically plotted in the map utilizing the

information from the interpreted SMS/GPRS data. It will also show the previous

speed of the vehicle before committing the accident. This data will help the Alert

Service Center to assess the severity of the accident basing on the speed. The

modem will also establish a voice channel with the Alert Service Center.

17
 CHAPTER-4

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

The vehicle tracking systems are implemented to assist corporations with large
number of automobiles and several usage purposes. A Fleet management system
can minimize the cost and effort of employees to finish road assignments within a
minimal time. Besides, assignments can be scheduled in advanced based on current
automobiles location. Therefore, central fleet management is essential to large
enterprises to meet the varying requirements of customers and to improve the
productivity . So taking in action all these things we are going to design and develop
a machine, which will track the real time location of the vehicle using blue tooth
technology with the help of an android base mobile phones.

The ability to accurately detect a vehicle’s location and its status is the main goal of
automobile trajectory monitoring systems. These systems are implemented using
several hybrid techniques that

include:

 Wireless communication

 Geographical positioning

 Embedded applications

The vehicle tracking systems are implemented to assist corporations with large
number of automobiles and several usage purposes. This system can minimize the
cost and effort of employees to finish road assignments within a minimal time. So
taking in action all these things we are going to design and develop a machine,
which will track the real time location of the vehicle using blue tooth technology with
the help of an android base mobile phones.

18
 These systems are implemented using
 Device Background module
 Location tracking.
 Steering rotation tracking
 false alarm detection.
 Information delivery

ACCIDENTS

Automobiles are important to go to workplaces, meet family and friends

and to deliver goods. But often they pave the way to big disasters. According to
Wikipedia, accidents are is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance,
often with lack of intention or necessity.
Road accident is most unwanted thing to happen to a road user, though
they happen quite often. The most unfortunate thing is that we don't learn from our
mistakes on road. Most of the road users are quite well aware of the general rules
and safety measures while using roads but it is only the laxity on part of road users,
which cause accidents and crashes. Main cause of accidents and crashes are due to
human errors. Following are the major reasons of accidents:
 Over Speeding
 Drunken Driving
 Distractions to Driver
 Red Light Jumping
 Avoiding Safety Gears like Seat belts and Helmet
 Non-adherence to lane driving and overtaking in a
wrong manner.

19
 Device Background module

Our work reveals to identify not only potholes but also bumps and rough, uneven,
and smooth roads using multiple axes of the accelerometer. We also utilized a single
measuring device rather than expensive external sensors placed in numerous places
around the vehicle, which ultimately increases infrastructure costs. Our device, which
is a mobile smartphone, contains GPS, microphones, and an accelerometer offering
flexibility in methodology and user implementation. Encouraging results in identifying
numerous road anomalies and sudden driving maneuvers allow for our system to
evaluate an entire road’s condition and help advise drivers on unsafe characteristics,
respectively, both of which are distinguishable factors that can determine safety on
the road.

 Accelerometer sensor is going to sense x, y & z direction

value.
 If the vehicle is moving in normal position, then it will
show x & y direction values.
 If vehicle is out of control, then it will follow x, y & z
direction.
Location Tracking

The target, receives GPS information which includes coordinates

(Longitude, latitude) to trace the next location. GPS is widely used because of its
high positioning accuracy, well-constructed network and more accessible. The
tracker periodically updates the location of the target on the local screen according to
the location information encoded to provide more accuracy. When the user starts
location tracking the tracker informs target that it should start transmitting location
information in order to launch a tracking task.

20
 Steering rotation tracking

The normal rotating dimensions of the steering is locally defined in the server. If the
steering rotation goes beyond the defined dimensions or to an extreme rotation then
a warning signal is processed to the user. This service is made to control the driving
behavior of the user and provide a safe drive.

False alarm detection

If an irregularity is tracked by the sensor it intimates the server about the

circumstances to proceed with further process. Before doing so in order to avoid
wrong information delivery, False alarm signal is generated. This signal is given a
time interval (ex.25 sec), so that it should be detected within the given time interval.

Information delivery

The system adopts a permission-based policy, indicating that the permissions

required specifying in the file in advance. Thus, before using Sms-Manager, the two
permissions SEND SMS and RECEIVE SMS must be added to that file. Information
is periodically transmitted to the server as a result of location tracking, steering
rotation, etc.

4.2 TECHNOLOGIES USED

4.2.1 GPS

Global Positioning System was developed by the United States' Department

of Defence. It uses between 24 and 32 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit
precise microwave signals. This enables GPS receivers to determine their current
location, time and velocity. The GPS satellites are maintained by the United States
Air Force. GPS is often used by civilians as a navigation system. On the ground, any
GPS receiver contains a computer that "triangulates" its own position by getting
bearings from at least three satellites. The result is provided in the form of a
geographic position - longitude and latitude - to, for most receivers, within an
accuracy of 10 to 100 meters. Software applications can then use those coordinates
to provide driving or walking instructions.

21
 Getting a lock on by the GPS receivers on the ground usually takes some
time especially where the receiver is in a moving vehicle or in dense urban areas.
The initial time needed for a GPS lock is usually dependent on how the GPS receiver
starts.

GPS System

GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, is a standard set

developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to
describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by
mobile phones. General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile
data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system's global system for
mobile communications (GSM) where protocols means set of invisible computer
rules that govern how an internet document gets transmitted to your screen and 2G
is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology and provides
advantages like to provide the services such as text messages, picture messages
and MMS (multimedia messages).

22
 In simple language, GSM is primarily used to carry your voice on cell
phone networks that uses that type of technology.
GSM also introduced a series of features such as short messaging
service (SMS), international roaming, fax and data messaging services. Another
popular feature was the ability to let users download ringtones, logos, photos, that
enabled the users to personalize their phones.

GPRS
GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI) in response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet-
switched cellular technologies.

Fig 4.2.3 GPRS System

23
 ACCIDENT PREDICTION SYSTEM

There are 2 types of accident prediction system:

 Traditional accident prediction system
 Real time accident prediction system

Traditional Accident Prediction System

It uses long-term traffic data such as annual average daily traffic and
hourly volume.

Real Time Accident Prediction System

It relates accident occurrences to real-time traffic data obtained from
various detectors such as induction loops, infrared detector, camera etc.

ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM

It detects the accident rather than predicting it.
They are of three types.

• Manual detection system

• Driver initiated detection system

Manual Detection System

In this method, accident is detected from

 Motorist report

 Transportation department

 Public crews report

 Aerial surveillance

 Close circuit camera surveillance.

24
The drawback of this type of detection system is that someone hasto witness the
incident. Driver initiated detection system. Moreover, there are delays and
inaccuracies due to the expression problem of the witness

. Driver Initiated Detection System

Driver initiated incident detection system has more advantages which includes the
quick reaction, more incident information etc. However, with the severity of the
accident, driver may not be able to report at all.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACCIDENT PREDICTION AND

DETECTION SYSTEM

Prediction is the change of traffic conditions before an accident occurrence while

traffic incident detection takes into account the change of traffic conditions after an
incident occurrence.

SYSTEM METHODOLOGIES:

GPS RECEIVER

The sensor for the accident detection is the GPS receiver.Nowadays, GPS
technology has become more accurate, smaller, reliable, and economical. A very
sensitive and accurate GPS signal acquiring device is required for the system.

GSM/GPRS MODEM

GSM also introduced a series of features such as short messaging service (SMS),
international roaming, fax and data messaging services. Another popular feature was
the ability to let users download ringtones, logos, photos, that enabled the users to
personalize their phones. The GSM/GPRS modem utilizes the GSM network to send
the location of the accident. The modem can be controlled by a microcontroller.

25
 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT

The microcontroller unit (MCU) is the heart of the system. It receives data from the
GPS, processes all data and detects the accident from the processed dataThe
location of the accident is also sent by the microcontroller.

SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS

JAVA

Android applications are written in Java - not the full-blown Java that
J2EEdevelopers are used to, but a subset of Java that is sometimes known as the
Dalvik virtual machine.

Linux 2.6 kernel

Android was created on top of the open-source Linux 2.6 kernel. The Android team
chose to use this kernel because it provided proven core features to develop the
Android operating system on. The features of the Linux 2.6 kernel include (but aren’t
limited to) the following:

 Security model
The Linux kernel handles security between theapplication and the system.
 Memory management
The kernel handles memory management for you leaving you free to
develop your app.
 Process management
The Linux kernel manages processes well, allocatingresources to
processes as they need them.

 Network stack

The Linux kernel also handles networkcommunication.

 Driver model

The goal of Linux is to ensure that everything works.Hardware manufacturers can

build their drivers into the Linux build.

26
 GETTING THE JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT

Downloading the JDK

Follow these steps to install the JDK:

 Point your browser to http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/

index.jsp. The Java SE downloads page appears.

 Click the JDK link under the Java Platform (JDK) heading (see

Figure 4.7.3.1). This link is on the http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/

index.jsppageat this writing. If you’re on a Mac, install the JDK through Software
Update panel.A new Java SE downloads page appears, asking you to specify which
platform (Windows,

Linux, or Mac) you’ll be using for your development work.

 Using the Platform drop-down list, confirm your platform, and

then click the Download button. An optional Log in for Download screen appears.

 Click the Skip This Step link at the bottom of the page.

 Click JDK-6u20-windows-i586.exe to download the file.

 In the Save As dialog box, select the location where you want

to save the file, and click Save.

27
 Fig 4.7.3.1 Select JDK

INSTALLING THE JDK

When the download is complete, double-click the file to install the JDK. You are
prompted by a dialog box that asks whether you want to allow the program to make
changes to your computer. Click the Yes button. If you click the No button, the
installation is stopped. When you’re prompted to do so, read and accept the license
agreement.

ACQUIRING THE ANDROID SDK

The Android SDK is composed of a debugger, Android libraries, a device emulator,

documentation, sample code, and tutorials. You can’t develop Android apps without
it.

28
 Downloading the Android SDK

To download the Android SDK, follow these steps:

 Point your browser to

http://developer.android.com/sdk/ index.html.

 Choose the latest version of the SDK starter package for

your platform.

 Extract the SDK..

 Navigate to the directory where you extracted the SDK, and

Doubleclick SDK Setup.

 If you’re prompted to accept the authenticity of the file, click

Yes.

 Select the SDK Platform Android 2.2 check box.

 Click Install Selected.

 Select the Accept radio button to accept the license and then

clickInstall.The Installing Archives dialog box opens,

displaying a progress bar (see Figure 4.7.3.1).

 In the next dialog box, select Accept and click Install.

When the archives installation is complete, click the Close button.

29
 4.7.4.1 Installing Archives

Getting The Total Eclipse

Now that you have the SDK, you need an integrated development environment (IDE)
to use it.

Choosing the right Eclipse version

Downloading the correct version of Eclipse is very important. At this writing, Android
doesn’t support Eclipse Helios (version 3.6). Check the Android System
Requirements page at http://developer.android.com/sdk/ requirements.html.

Installing Eclipse

To install Eclipse, you need to extract the contents of the Eclipse .zip file to the
location of your choice. For this example, I’ll be using C:\Program Files\Eclipse.

To install Eclipse, follow these steps:

 Double-click the shortcut that you just created to run Eclipse.

 Set your workspace.

c:\users\<username>\workspace

30
 When Eclipse finishes loading, you see the Eclipse welcome

screen, shown in Figure 4.7.4.2.

 Click the curved-arrow icon on the right side of the screen to

go to the workbench.

4.7.5.2 Eclipse Welcome Screen

 Click the curved-arrow icon on the right side of the screen to

go to the workbench.

31
 CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM TESTING

All the sensors and GSM and GPS modules interfaced on the Arduino board

implemented to test the working of the proposed model. Code to test the working of

all sensors were developed and tested by using Arduino IDE.

An Android app was created using the IDE and installed on smart phone which was

used to manage the fleet such as monitoring its speed and real time tracking of

vehicles as mentioned above, This app fetched the details of the vehicle and the

users from the database created using MySql of the WAMP server.

32
Table-5 Number of accidents occurring across various cities in INDIA

33
Test cases for Smoke Sensor

Table 5.1 Test cases for Smoke Sensor

Fig 5.1.1: serial monitor screen displaying smoke value above 380.

34
 Fig 5.1.2 SMS received after the smoke detected on the registered mobile.

Test cases for Flame Sensor

Table 5.2 : Test cases for Flame Sensor

35
Fig 5.2.1 serial monitor screen displaying flame sensor reading greater than 850.

Fig 5.2.2 SMS received after the flames detected, on the registered mobiles

36
 Test case for Knock Sensor

Table 5.3 Test case for Knock Sensor

Fig 5.3.1 serial monitor screen displaying knock value greater than 100

37
Fig 5.3.2 SMS received after the knock/accident, on the registered mobiles

38
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

This accident detection and alert system provide emergency responders with crucial

information at the earliest possible time. Reducing the time between when an

accident takes place and when it is detected can reduce mortality rates. The entire

works have to be integrated with the automobile to validate its functionality and

reliability. Thus this work will reduce the accident death ratio in considerable amount

even in rural roads. Then it has a great importance in day to day life of the people in

the country like India. This proposed work will provide vital information about the

accidents even in unpopulated area. So, the pre-configured contacts could be able to

serve to the victims with better efficiency and they could plan to have important first

aid kits which have to be brought along with them to the accident spot. Thus this

work ensures the reduction of death ratio and fatalities in the country like India and

also which will have a greater importance in day to day life.

39
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

 We can use the EEPROM to store the previous Navigating

positions up to 256 locations and we can navigate up to N

number of locations by increasing its memory.

 We can reduce the size of the kit by using GPS+GSM on the

same module.

We can increase the accuracy up to 3m by increasing the

cost of the GPS receivers.

 We can use our kit for detection of bomb by connecting to the

bomb detector.

 With the help of high sensitivity vibration sensors we can

detect the accident.

 Whenever vehicle unexpectedly had an accident on the road

with help of vibration sensor we can detect the accident and

we can send the location to the owner, hospital and police.

 We can use our kit to assist the traffic. By keeping the kits in

the entire vehicles and by knowing the locations of all the

vehicles.

 If anybody steals our car we can easily find our car around

the globe. By keeping vehicle positioning vehicle on the

vehicle.

40
 CHAPTER-7

APPENDIX

7.1 SAMPLE SCREENS

Accident Detection System

41
Accident Detection

42
Emergency Users

43
New User Registration

44
View Registered User

45
Accelerometer Sensor Readings

46
Accelerometer Sensor Readings

47
Accelerometer Sensor Readings

48
Alert Notification

49
Alert Message Send to the Contacts

50
 REFERENCES

JOURNALS

[1]. C. Thompson, J. White, B. Dougherty, A. Albright, and D. C. Schmidt, "Using

Smart phones to Detect Car Accidents and Provide Situational Awareness to

Emergency Responders," in 3rd International ICST Conference on MOBILe Wireless

MiddleWARE, Operating Systems, and Applications (Mobilware 2010), 2010.

[2]. D. A. Whitney and J. J. Pisano TASC, Inc., Reading, Massachusetts, "Auto Alert:

Automated Acoustic Detection of Incidents", IDEA project, [Online]. Accessed on 15

October 2011, Available: http://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id=481489.

[3]. L. Chuan-zhi, H. Ru-fu, Y.E. Hong-wu, “Method of Freeway Incident Detection

Using wireless Positioning,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on

Automation and Logistics, 2010, pp. 2801 - 2804.

[4]. NMEA 0183 Standard, [Online]. Accessed on 16 October 2011.

Available:http://www.nmea.org/content/nmea_standards/nmea_083_v_400.asp,

Accessed on: 08 October 2011.

[5]. R. Elvik, P. Christensen, A. Amundsen, “Speed and road accidents: an

evaluation of the Power Model,” TOI Report, [Online]. Accessed on 12 October 2011.

Available: http://www.trg.dk/elvik/740-2004.pdf

[6]. R. K. Megalingam, R. N. Nair and S. M. Prakhya, “Wireless Vehicular Accident

Detection and Reporting System,” in International Conference on Mechanical and

Electrical Technology (ICMET 2010), 2010, pp. 636-640.

[ 7]. Speed and Accident Risk, EuropianCommision Road Safety, [Online] Accessed

on 07 October 2011

51
Avaialble:http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/specialist/knowledge/speed/spee

d_is_ a_central_issue_in_road_safety/speed_and_accident_risk.htm,

INTERNET

[1 ]“GSM tutorial”, Accessed [Online] Available: www.althos.com/tutorial/gsm-tutorial-

overview.html

[2]. Friction, force and gravity. http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-4_u-308_t-755_c-

2841/friction/nsw/friction/force-andmotion/force-and-gravity

[3]. Malcolm Oliphant, “GSM Systems Operation And Technology”, Accessed

[Online] Available: http://www.oei-edu.com/t363.htm

[4]. Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India

[5]. Official website of Jharkhand Police , “Accidents and their causes”, Accessed

[Online] Available: http://www.jhpolice.gov.in/road-safety/common-causes-of-road-

accidents.

[6]. Typical stopping distances, Accessed [Online] Available:

http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk//graphics/graphs/highwaycodeSD.png

[7]. Wikipedia

[8]. Wineyard Technologies, “Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and Messaging

System using GPS and GPRS”, Accessed [Online] Available:

www.morth.nic.in/writereaddata/mainlinkFile/File761.pdf.

52