CHAPTER 1:

MATRICES
 INVERSE MATRIX ( 3 X 3 MATRIX)
−1
𝐴|𝐼 → 𝐼|𝐴
Row operation

1 0 0 Adjoin the identity

Where 𝐼 = 0 1 0 matrix to the right side
0 0 1 of A
EXAMPLE:
1 −1 2
Given 𝐴 = 2 0 3 . Determine 𝐴−1 .
0 1 −1
SOLUTION:

𝐴|𝐼 → 𝐼|𝐴−1 Adjoin the identity matrix to the right side

of A

1 −1 2 1 0 0 Apply row operations

2 0 3 0 1 0 until the left side is
0 1 −1 0 0 1 reduced to 𝐼 ; these
operations will convert
the right side to 𝑀−1
METHOD: USING ELEMENTARY ROW OPERATION

1) MULTIPLY A ROW BY A NONZERO CONSTANT

2) EXCHANGE TWO ROWS

3) ADD A CONSTANT MULTIPLE OF ONE ROW TO ANOTHER

EXAMPLE 1: 1 0 3 5 −1 10 2 5 0 𝟓
𝑹𝟑 ( )
𝟑𝟏
0 1 −1 5 −3 10 1 5 0
2 −4 2 0 0 31 5 4 5 −1 5 1
A= 3 −1 2
−1 3 5 𝟑
− 𝑹𝟑 +𝑹𝟏
1 0 3 5 −1 10 2 5 0 𝟓
𝟏
2 −4 2 1 0 0 𝑹𝟏 ( ) 0 1 −1 5 −3 10 1 5 0 𝟏
𝟐 𝑹 +𝑹
3 −1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 31 −1 31 5 31 𝟓 𝟑 𝟐
−1 3 5 0 0 1
1 −2 1 1 2 0 0 −𝟑𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 1 0 0 −11 62 13 31 −3 31
3 −1 2 0 1 0 𝟏𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟑
0 1 0 −17 62 6 31 1 31
−1 3 5 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 31 −1 31 5 31
𝟏
1 −2 1 1 2 0 0 𝑹𝟐 ( ) −11 62 13 31 −3 31
𝟓
0 5 −1 −3 2 1 0 ∴ 𝐴−1 = −17 62 6 31 1 31
0 1 6 1 2 0 1 4 31 −1 31 5 31

1 −2 1 1 2 0 0 𝟐𝑹𝟐 +𝑹𝟏
0 1 −1 5 −3 10 1 5 0 −𝟏𝑹𝟐 +𝑹𝟑
0 1 6 1 2 0 1