Civilsdaily-Ethics Case Studies Compilation

TARGET MAINS SERIES | IAS 2017-18 | ETHICS
60
Sixty most
Probable news based
Ethics Case Studies
Written by Pooja Chaudhary, Pritam Kumar
UPSC Ethics Syllabus Mapping and news/ editorial links

provided per case study to stress in the importance
Note4students and detailed solutions (per UPSC

standards) provided for all 60 case studies
Emphasis on including 'ethics jargons and key terms' to

ensure that your answer stands out
Mentor inputs from Dr. Vipin Garg

(IAS, Rank 20)
E th ic s co m p e n d i u m : A pro d u c t of civ i ls d a il y. co m
Note4Students:
Year on year, questions in ethics paper have become more dynamic in nature.
This is not just for static syllabus portion but also for case studies.
These 50 Case studies for Mains 2017 are based on current affairs and have
been mapped to subtopics of Ethics syllabus in order to provide a better
understanding of issues related to Ethics.
How to approach Case studies:
These detailed Case studies have been mapped syllabus wise, content topics are
actually parts of Ethics syllabus.
All these case studies have been prepared based on current issues in news that
demand application of ethics in bringing out a solution of the problem.
In these case studies:

 Question refers to situation emerging in every case study.
 Answer refers to the appropriate response under those case studies.
 Hints refers to what more can be done or it can be referring to apt
explanations as a answer.
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Table of Contents:
1. Emotional intelligence: concepts, and their utilities and application in
administration and governance (3 case studies)……………….………….3
2. Moral and political attitudes (7 case studies)……………………..………..7
3. Social influence and persuasion(1 case study)……………………………16
4. Ethics in private and public relationships (4 case studies)…………….....19
5. Strengthening of ethical & moral values in governance(2 case studies)..25
6. Accountability and ethical governance(2 case studies)………………......29
7. Quality of service delivery (1 case study)…………………………………..32
8. Codes of Conduct(3 case studies)……………………………………….....35
9. Philosophical basis of governance and probity (2 case studies)……...…39
10. Work culture (1 case study)…………………………………………...……..42
11. Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service(5 case studies)….…..45
12. Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought
and behavior(2 case studies)……………………………………………......53
13. Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality,
and nonpartisanship, objectivity(5 case studies)………………................57
14. Probity in Governance: Concept of public service (4 case studies)……..64
15. Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and
problems( 3 case studies)…………………………………………………....70
16. Laws, rules,regulations, & conscience as sources of ethical guidance
(2 case studies).........................…............................................................74
17. Human values, tolerance, compassion, compatibility etc
(2 case studies)…….….............................................................................79
18. Corruption, tolerance, sympathy, empathy, impartiality and non-
partisanship (1 case study)…………..……………………………………….81

Syllabus mapping:
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their

utilities and application in administration and
governance.

Q.) You are heading a disaster relief volunteer team in a district which has witnessed flood on a large
level. The floods have caused huge losses. It has been five days since your team is working since day
and night. Your team, at this point of time is highly exhausted. Why do such operations loose energy
and enthusiasm after some period? Which qualities of the person heading the operation are
tested? How will you motivate the team to work in such a situation? Discuss the various options.
Answer:
The most important thing in such relief programmes is sustaining energy and enthusiasm. After continuous
efforts for some time, the team usually starts loosing motivation and energy.
It is the combined efforts of all persons in the team that make such operations successful. The dedication and
the ability of the persons to work in unfavorable situations is what drive such operations. The energy with which
the operation is started is not found at the end. The team starts feeling exhausted, tired and a lack in motivation
can be witnessed after some days. The lack of energy and motivation can be attributed to following factors:
When the team does not get the desired results despite its best efforts.
Due to fall in energy level of the leader heading the team.
Due to sustained efforts for long time, a lack of enthusiasm is likely to happen after some days.
Due to lack of cooperation from other local people or local agencies.
Due to lack of incentives for the efforts put in by the team.
In such cases, it is the team leader who has a critical role to play. He is the most important person who has to
motivate the team despite hard conditions. His leadership, motivational and inspirational qualities are tested
throughout the relief operation. The ability of the team leader to tell his team about how far the team has come is
important to keep the energy and motivation level of the team high. If the leader himself will start feeling down,
the team is bound to loose motivation to put in dedicated efforts.
The options available before the team leader in such case are as follows:
1. Telling the team about its achievements:
It is the duty of the team leader to ensure that the team is praised for the efforts put in by it. He should tell his
team members about how far they have come and how they have been able to save the lives of so many
affected people. Telling stories about their past successful operations can be of help here.
2. Motivating the team timely
The team should be from time to time motivated through various means like praising them, telling them about
their past operations and other operations which have made a difference during disasters.
3. Seeking cooperation from other agencies
The leader should ensure that its team gets cooperation from other agencies in the area like local bodies, district
administration, state government and the hospitals. It is the combined efforts of all agencies that are important in
such cases.
4. Lead the team from front
The leader should himself set an example by showing exemplary efforts. If he will be demotivated, the team will
also lack in a high dedication level. So, he should take the first effort by leading the team.
5. Ensure to incentivize the team from time to time
He should ensure that the team is incentivized after such operations are conducted successfully. This will help
them to give their best efforts in next operations.
Source:(in light of recent disasters in the country and the relief operations during such disasters)

Q.) You are posted as a police officer. You get a call reporting a road accident where two persons are
severely injured. When you reach the accident place, the persons are lying unconscious. You instantly
arrange an ambulance for them. However, when lodging the FIR when you ask people present at the site
of accident to be witness, nobody comes forward. Do you think state has failed to provide protection to
such witnesses? What actions do you suggest to protect the interests of good Samaritans in case of
road accidents?
Answer:
In cases of road accidents, people hesitate to come forward to be witness. It has been observed that people
don’t prefer to help any person in need after an accident and just stand as mute spectators on the roadside in
response to any road accident. This can be attributed to the following reasons:
1. Persistence of fear among people, regarding the treatment which they may face from the investigation
authorities.
2. People choosing to remain inactive, like the crowd around them.
3. Lack of sensitization, regarding pain of the victims, until unless some suffers an accident themselves.
4. No initiative from the side of the police to transform their image to a helpful branch of society.
5. Lack of incentive from the authorities if they come forward to be a witness.
The prime responsibility of protecting the people who come forward for help in such cases lies with the state. It
can be said to some extent that when state fails to ensure enough legal protection for such people, the people
hesitate in coming forward. The state must take care of the fact that helping road accident victims becomes free
of legal and procedural hassles. For this, providing legal protection and creating conducive environment
is vital as it will remove fear among people about chances of being pulled up in legal hassles and provide a legal
support to morality exhibited by the people helping road victims.
In order to protect the interests of good Samaritans in case of road accidents, following points may be kept in
mind:
1. The Good Samaritan is treated respectfully and without any discrimination on the grounds of gender,
religion, nationality and caste.
2. Any individual, except an eyewitness, who calls the police to inform them of an accidental injury or
death need not reveal his or her personal details such as full name, address or phone number.
3. The police does not compel the Good Samaritan to disclose his or her name, identity, address and
other such details in the police record form or log register.
4. The police may not force any Good Samaritan in procuring information or anything else.
5. The police may allow the Good Samaritan to leave after having provided the information available to
him or her, and no further questions will be asked of him or her if he or she does not desire to be a
witness.
6. If a Good Samaritan chooses to be a witness, he may be examined with utmost care and respect.
7. The examination may be conducted at a time and place of the Good Samaritan’s convenience and
the investigation officer will be dressed in plain clothes.
8. In a police station, the Good Samaritan is examined in a single examination in a reasonable and
time-bound manner, without causing any undue delay.
Source:http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/Protecting-Good-Samaritans/article14587198.ece
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36446652

Q.) You are posted in a district as DM. The agriculture sector has been hit severely this year in your
district due to bad rains. There has been an increase in farmers’ deaths due to suicide. Due to this crisis
faced by farmers, there is a protest on the main highway passing through the district. During the protest,
two innocent famers got killed by a bullet fired by police. They were the sole bread earning members in
their families. This made the situation more intense. People have blocked the highway and are sitting
with the dead bodies. How will you pacify the crowd? What are the various options before you? Discuss
them with their merits and demerits suggesting which course of action will you take and why?
Answer:
In the above case, though the people are violating law but their reason is genuine and sometimes they need to
be given space to ventilate their anger if they donot turn exaggerated. The people in the area are facing severe
agricultural crisis which might have affected them economically, that is why, the situation led to protests. The
anger of the villagers is justified. The various options available to the DM in the case can be-
1. He should realize he will have to be some whattolerant, then persuasion can be given. The people
should be told that the administration regrets the loss of the farmers and will ensure that the family of the
farmers gets needed help. The most important thing is to pacify the crowd at this point of time.
2. He should assure the people that a thorough probe will be made into the matter and timely action will
be taken. However, at this time, he should make sure that he doesn’t make any such promise which
might make him to go against the rules and regulations.
3. Announcing compensation for the families of the affected:
He can make an announcement for the families of the farmers who died in this incident as they were the sole
bread earning members in their family. This would pacify the people and they would be assured of the good
intentions of the district administration.
4. Solving the root cause of the problem:
As agricultural crisis is the underlying cause for all this, so, it is important to solve that also. A talk can be
arranged with the head leader of the people who are protesting so that a solution can be reached at.
5. Taking preventive steps:
He should seek help from the state government as it would enable him to get experienced help from the
government. This would bring the matter to the knowledge of the government and he alone would not be at fault
if things get worsened. Steps should also be taken for force and police deployment in the area as the people are
angry and the law and order situation in the area might deteriorate further. But this would take time, so till then,
he should be prepared to handle the situation on his own.
The suggested course of action should be to follow sympathetic attitude with the crowd and topersuade them
that the administration is looking in to the matter and action will be taken against the guilty. He should try to
persuade the people to get disassembled so that further solution of the problem can be reached at.
http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/06/28/farmers-suicides-and-protests-in-madhya-pradesh-
poke-holes-in-go_a_23005470/

Syllabus mapping:
Moral and political attitudes

Q.) You are living with one of your friend who is known to you since childhood. Your friend is
actively involved in political debates, while you don’t have that much interest in politics. One day,
he starts discussing with you on some topic but you continue to do your work without taking any
interest in the discussion. He gets angry and starts telling you that youth being silent on important
issues is the biggest worry for nation. He accuses you of being unpatriotic and anti-national. What
is your opinion on your friend’s view? Critically comment. Do you think nationalism should be
judged on objective factors like taking part in debates and speaking for national issues?
Answer:
The differing views between two people which contradict to one another are common and the solution lies in
peaceful rational discussion rather than accusing one of being unpatriotic and antinational. If someone has
some point to make and someone dismisses him by branding him as anti national and unpatriotic just on the
mere fact that he is not engaging in a debate, this may not be called a fair treatment.
In the above case, the person would not like his friend’s view of how he reacted to the situation. There are
various possibilities due to which he may not have responded to him. It is possible that he may be engaged in
some more important work, or he may not like to debate with him at that point of time knowing his nature that
how he turns aggressive when it comes to political debates. He should talk to his friend in this regard and tell him
that nationalism does not meaning speaking for long time on political issues and taking part in debates. It can be
witnessed in various forms. His friend should listen to him patiently, find out the merits in his arguments, if any,
and if he doesn’t like his arguments, he should simply disagree. A verbal opinion should be countered with a
verbal opinion and not by inciting hatred or branding someone as anti national.
Nationalism can not be judged on objective factors like taking part in debates and speaking for national issues. It
means standing up for the nation when the need arises. He should make his friend understand the true meaning
of nationalism. Nationalism, in its basic form, means a feeling of pride and love for one's country. All those
who refuse to chant certain slogans or try to question the government/judicial system cannot be termed as
antinational. While it is necessary to crackdown on those intending to create disharmony but the definition of
nationalism and patriotism should not be reduced to shouting a few slogans. Rather, one should hear everyone's
viewpoint and strive to create social/economic equality, which will automatically, foster nationalism. Thus the
love for the nation should be equally balanced with the desire of making it better.
Source:(in light of rising number of debates about nationalism in the country)
Q) Your family wants you to get married. The girl is your family friend since long time. Everything is
almost settled between the two families. When you go to meet the girl, you came to know that you
both have a different political ideology. Your political thinking doesn’t match. You are a politically
active person. When you tell this thing to your family, your family asks you to ignore this as there
are no other issues apart from this. They convince you that she is a suitable match for you. You are
confused what to do. What will you do in such a situation? Will you go ahead with the marriage or
not? How can they keep their ideology and personal choices separate in case they get married?
Answer:
Everyone may not have same ideology and interest in this world. People may have different political ideologies
and thinking and still they may be good partners. It is about respecting a person’s individual choice.

In the above case, when all the things are settled between the families and even between the persons who are
going to get married, the difference in political ideology arises. The person knows the girl from a long time. Even
his family likes the girl. Political ideology may not be the sole criteria when it comes to judging compatibility
between two people. If he likes the girl, he should go ahead with the marriage. He should understand that
everybody may not have same opinions. In a Democracy Difference of opinion is likely to happen. People may
have their have our own influences, history of experiences, psychological makeup, and subjective lens
through which they view the world, some differences are bound to exist or arise. If they get married, they can still
lead a happy life if certain things are taken care of. He should talk to the girl and discuss it with her that what
does she want. Having discussion with her is important as her opinion also matters.
If two of them get married, they can keep their ideology and personal choices separate in ways like:
1. Trying to avoid certain topics that could lead to irreconcilable differences like discussing on conflicting
political debates.
2. The two of them should give equal space to the opinion of each other. It is possible that they may have
different opinion but then they should learn to respect that.
3. Without having a prejudice in mind, that the other one’s ideology is always wrong, they should listen to it
carefully and then take a stand. It doesn't mean one has to agree with everything the other says but
accept their opinions as valid.
4. They may choose not to discuss sensitive issues such as politics for the sake of avoiding the potential
fallout, thus possibly preserving the relationship. This strategy may also serve to maintain privacy and
one’s sense of autonomy, essential ingredients for a healthy partnership.
It can be said that the antidotes to contempt within any relationship are fondness and admiration, both of
which can be maintained and strengthened by expressing appreciation and respect. Difference of opinion on
political issues does not make much difference if both partners are mature to handle them. Political differences in
a relationship can work if both respect each other's differences and are able to appreciate one another's
perspectives.
Source: http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/bizarre/bride-and-groom-call-off-wedding-because-of-fight-over-
pm-narendra-modi-4745862/
Q.) Caste occupies distinct position in moulding the voting behaviour in India and this happens in spite
of the adoption of several provisions which prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste. The political
parties in India formulate their policies and election strategies always keeping in mind the caste factor.
Even the candidates are selected keeping the caste factor in mind. Election campaigns are made in such
a way that it makes the voters to feel their respective caste identities. How does caste determine political
attitude and voting behavior of people? Do you think even after so many years of independence India
has failed to segregate caste from politics? Critically comment.
Answer:
Political attitude refer to the attitude and beliefs of common citizens about the political system, related institutions,
leadership and other events of public life. Voting behavior reflect the ways in which people tend to vote in public
elections and why they vote in that particular way. It also reflects the voter’s choices, preferences, ideologies,
concerns, alternatives etc. The political attitude of the people and their voting behavior is influenced by a variety
of factors.

Among these factors, caste occupies distinct position in moulding the voting behaviour of the people. People
tend to vote for the ones who belong to their caste and whose agenda falls in line with their own expectations
and ideologies. Sometimes, the people even decide to vote for a particular party without analyzing the ability of
the candidate. The enthusiasm and competition among candidates to get party tickets on the basis of caste
shows the prominence of caste factor in determining the voting behavior in India.
Not only the voting behaviour is influenced by the caste, the caste factor is kept in mind even by the political
parties while electing the candidates and while framing their election manifestos. They are aware of the fact that
it is easier to lure people in the name of caste.
Though India has progressed a lot since independence, but still, caste continues to be an important determinant
of voting behaviour in India. It has deep roots in the society and constitutes an important basis of social relations
at all levels along with determining political ideologies of people. Despite the adoption of several provisions
which prohibit action and discrimination on its basis, caste continues to be a determinant of political behaviour.
Votes are demanded in the name of caste. Along with these, the current problems and difficulties faced by the
people as well as recent political developments or the poll eve developments also act as determinants of voting
behaviour. The political and economic events of the election year also act as determining factors.
It can be said that though the caste plays an important role in Indian politics & electoral outcomes, but it is not the
only factor which influences election results as other factors like local issues, religion, political party, economic
issues, governance and development issues and political candidates also play an important role in electoral
politics. However, with increase in literacy level and increased rural urban connectivity hold of caste on people is
decreasing particularly in urban areas. The government should, through various means, ensure that caste based
politics leads to side lining of more important issues like governance and may also lead to caste based violence.
http://www.firstpost.com/politics/up-election-2017-complex-caste-dynamics-in-state-most-certainly-
predict-a-hung-assembly-3277906.html
Q.) In a democratic setup, election manifestos play an important role in influencing the voting behavior
of people. However, before elections the political parties make big promises, they talk to changing the
system, making it efficient, transparent and corruption free. But when it comes to fulfilling those
promises, they fail to abide by them. Where does the lacuna lie in the above process? How can
accountability be fixed on the political parties? Give suggestions to bring a coherency between elections
manifestos promises and the fulfilling of those promises.
Answer:
Election promises are one of representative democracy’s most natural, yet also most controversial, elements. On
the one hand, politicians’ promises create hope and expectations. On the other hand, election promises are
associated with feelings of disappointment and suspicion. The election manifestos released by the political
parties during election campaigns seem far away from the real priorities of society and are biased towards vote
bank politics. The political leaders who are motivated by the power of authority fail to realize the real priorities.
They make such promises so as to seek the cooperation of people in winning the election with the objective to
derive personal benefits from the seat of power. The political parties show off to make alluring promises. The
vote gain politics has become the common reason why real priorities are generally ignored. The gap lies at the
level of the lack of political values and ethics among the politicians. There is no mechanism as such to assess
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the degree of promises which was fulfilled by the political parties out of the promises made by them in their
political manifestos.
For fixing the accountability on the political parties and to bridge the gap between the elections manifestos and
the real priority needs of the people:
1. It is essential the leaders should not run after the power, position and authority.
2. They should see the seat of authority as a public vocation and trust of people.
3. It is necessary to inculcate values of empathy, devotion to duty, integrity and honesty which will
enable the political parties not to use wrong means and make such promises in their manifestos which
are in compliance with the real priorities and needs of the people.
4. The manifestos should not appear to be mere collection of promises but realize long term goals which
are prepared after assessing the real priorities of the people at ground level.
In order to bring a coherency between elections manifestos promises and the fulfilling of those promises
following steps can be taken:
1. Having a body of experts to review the manifestos of the various parties

2. There should be a transparent system where people are presented a true picture of the degree to which
the political parties fulfilled the promises made by them. Media has an independent and important role to
play here.
3. Code of ethics: Ministers must follow this by upholding the highest standards of constitutional and
ethical conduct and their adherence to it must be monitored by a committee which may be set up for this
purpose.
4. Creating awareness among the people: The Election Commission can play a significant role though
educating people through compaigns and other means. It is the supreme body which has supervision
over the political parties. Hence, its role can be utilized.
Source: (in light of gap between promises made by government before coming to power and the fulfilling of those
promises)
Q.) You are a MLA with a strong influence belonging to a party from last 20 years and are a supporter of
its ideology since your college days. Your party is in opposition from last 10 years. The ideology of your
political party is pole opposite to the party in power. Recently elections are to be held in your state.
However, the performance of the party you belong to has not been good in the last some years. It has
been losing elections in almost all the states. It has lost 3 successive elections in your home state. The
other National party has emerged as the winning party in 4 out of 5 states where elections were held
recently. It is almost sure that the ruling party will win the upcoming elections in your state.
A large section of MLAs of your party have shifted to the other party as they are not sure that your party
will perform well and the ruling party has offered lucrative offers to them in terms of money. The
President of the ruling party comes to you one day and offers you a ticket from his party. He also offers
you a big amount of money and assures you of a seat in the cabinet if the party comes to power which is
almost sure seeing the recent trend as they have won in almost all states. He threatens you of re-opening
a scam which occurred during your tenure in the Department in which you were the Cabinet Minister in
case you decline his offer. You were given a clean chit in the scam case by the Court as you played no

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role in it. When you tell your wife about it, she asks you to accept the offer of the ruling party as she
doesn’t want any disturbances due to the scam case re-opening.
However, the ruling party is in contrast to your ideology. You have been a critic of it since the time you
joined politics. You are known by the people in the area for your principles. You are confused now what
to do?
What are the moral values that are at stake?
Will you accept the offer? Discuss the consequences of agreeing to and rejecting the proposal. What will
you do?
Will you compromise on your principles and ideologies in the above case in order to contest elections,
as once you get a cabinet seat you can continue with your present ideology?
Answer:
1) Every political party has an ideology on the basis of which it drives its workers to work with a defined set of
principles and govern the society when it is in power. The above case study presents a conflicting situation for
the MLA between his ideology which he has been following since long and opportunity to hold a lucrative public
office. The values that are at stake are his personal values, ability to not to succumb to political pressure,
integrity, loyalty to the party to which he presently belongs to, etc. The case also tests his honesty and
responsibility while holding a public office during his tenure as minister.
2) The consequences of agreeing to and rejecting the proposal can be discussed as:
To agree with the proposal: It will allow him to continue his political career as he may get a chance to become
Minister if the party comes to power. Also, he will save himself from the investigations and trials in the scam case.
However, it presents a bad image of him before the public for not being a man of principles. Moreover, if he has
not done anything wrong and has not played any role in the scam, he should not be fearful of these kinds of
threats.
Turning down the proposal offered by the ruling party: This way he will not be judged like the members who
compromised with their principles for some money. He will also be proud of himself. The public will have respect
for him. But this way he may invite inevitable troubles for him in the longer run. His political career may also
come to an end.
In such a case, he should not succumb to the political pressure. If he has performed his duties with honesty and
was no where involved in the scam, he cannot be punished for it. Selling one’s ideology is one of the worse
things one could ever do. To stand for one’s principles is equally important. He should understand that winning
and losing is a part of one’s political career. It’s all about public mandate. If the public will support his party’s
ideology, they will vote for it. He should not think about winning a seat or becoming a minister. People can be
served by not just being a minister, there are various other ways too. Even if his party looses the election, he
may work for the society. Abiding by one’s principles is more important.
3) One’s ideology is shaped over a period of years and cannot be built or destroyed in a day. If today he agrees
to fight the election from ticket given by the ruling party, today or tomorrow a conflict in ideology is likely to
happen. Values and principles of a man take a long time to change. Moreover, just for the fact that he may get
to win a cabinet seat, if he decides to contest for the ruling party, one can guess how true he was to his principles.
For persons holding public offices, it is important to have a defined set of values which cannot be compromised
upon.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/going-gets-tough-for-ahmed-patel-as-2-gujarat-congress-mlas-quit-
ahead-of-rajya-sabha-polls/story-yL8s8fIqKFmYBmvZfEptKL.html
Case Study taken from: Floods Situation in Assam and West Bengal.

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India looses too many lives due to heavy floods and other natural disasters every year. In some areas
flood situation is worsened due to high level of siltation and rising river bed. Poor maintenance and
resultant failure of embankments and erosional activities are other contributing factors leading to
recurrence of floods causing high magnitude of losses and damages. Also, floods are a result of
yet another set of contributing factors such as inadequate urban drainage, poor maintenance of drains
and improper land use planning.
In such a context, disaster risk reduction efforts to reduce flood losses require due attention to not only the direct
causes but also the social milieu, economic diaspora, natural environment, ethical and cultural practices etc.
These processes are complex in nature owing to historical background and the present processes of
development and urbanization. Culture influences to a large extent affect the implementation of strategies and
policies.
You have been appointed as a District Administrator tasked with disaster risk reduction in an area unknown to
you in terms of cultural and traditional practices.
1. What are the actions do you think will be suitable for such areas and how are you going to deal with the
situation? Justify your actions.
2. What are the ethical impediments you are likely to face in dealing with the people affected by floods?
Hints:
The impact of disaster in any area is determined by several inter-linked factors. These factors are unique in
different parts of the same region. Therefore, the exercise of devising strategies for disaster risk reduction to deal
with flood becomes multifaceted. It has to be an integrated approach which cannot be made dependent on one
or two factors but has to be devised after considering social milieu, economic diaspora, natural environment,
ethical and cultural practices etc. in the area.
 The above case presents a situation before the officer where he needs to focus not only on the direct
causes but also on the indirect contributing factors. He needs to focus on the pre handed
preparations before such disasters. The people should be made aware as to how they have to be
self sufficient in taking themselves out of their homes to a safe place in case of floods. The
volunteers should be trained for rehabilitation programmes. The success of any disaster
management programme depends on the team efforts rather than individual efforts.
 The disaster rehabilitation programmes are complex in nature owing to historical background and the
present processes of development and urbanization. To deal with these processes, strategies and
implementation call for a approach undertaking pro-active initiatives to involve techno-social-cultural-
economic-environmental-governance initiatives.
 Social factors including education, awareness and social capital also determine to a large extent the
success and failure of these strategies, included therein the ideas of economic disparity and the brutality
of market forces during and post flood situation. Dualistic nature of cultural practices needs to be taken
into account in fitting the solutions wherever required.
 Ethical factors such as trust, sympathy, empathy, passion, compassion, fair treatment in rehabilitation etc.
can act as impediments if not dealt properly. People should be taken in confidence by showing trust and
care for them. The rescue team volunteers should be taught to deal with compassion and sensitivity.
People should be made aware to deal with the disaster together. These ethical impediments will also play
crucial role in dealing with the trauma of loss of property or near and dear one.
 Technological solutions can be harnessed. The use of technology is prevalent in our day-to-day
lives. This can be used as a resource which can be used for multiple purposes like imparting
training programmes, updates and basic Dos and Don’ts of different disaster events. Most of the

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solutions in the technological arena of disaster management can be achieved with optimum utilization of
what we think is minimum (Just owning a smart phone).
 The approach in dealing with such disasters needs to shift from a point where one focuses on only short-
term response. The capacity building strategies like preparedness, prevention and mitigation need to be
revisited for a larger, greater, broader understanding, commitment, involvement and efficient delivery of
services.
 Disaster risk reduction is a long term process entailing a wide coverage of issues and understanding of
multiple dimensions of communities’ vulnerability and resilience. It should be a locally-specific
solution strategy wherein specificities, region specific issues, community resilience practices
need to be taken into consideration. Thus, realization of disaster risk reduction goals demands a
detailed and broader approach where strengths, weaknesses, challenges and unique local
features are fully taken into account over the long run and the officer should focus on that.
Case Study taken from: Sexual harassment of a 3 year girl in NOIDA School by a watchman.
You are a District Magistrate recently posted in a district where a three year old girl is allegedly sexually
assaulted in her school. On the day of incidence, father picked up the children (4 year old baby boy with
3 year old girl) to home. The girl was quite silent all the way to home and as she reached home, she
started crying in front of her mother. She was even resisting her mother from changing her school
uniform. When forcefully asked she explained everything. The parents immediately took her to nearest
hospital where, after hours of medical examination, the incidence of sexual assault is being confirmed.
When the victim and her four-year-old brother, who studies in the same school, were shown photos of
male members of the school staff, both instantly pointed to the school watchman and said he was “the
uncle who would buy them mithai (sweets)”. The police have now arrested the 30-year-old watchman as
the prime suspect.
The next morning, a protest in front of the school by members of the Students’ Association went awry
when a scuffle broke out after they were asked to disperse by the police. Many of them were injured, and
one girl was detained by the police.
1. Identify the ethical issues involved and discuss what course of actions is available with you as a DM.
2. Do you think sexual education or awareness should be imparted to the school children even to the
smaller kids? If yes, suggest the processes how it could be done?
Hints:
 The cases of child abuse which are now a days rampantly increasing in India can be majorly attributed
to the adaptation failure or environmental maladjustment (both in family and work place) mostly on part of
the adult perpetrators (parents, employers) but to some extent on the part of adults responsible for family
socialization as well. The social stigma, the pressure of interacting with police, not being sure about who
to contact etc. are the issues generally faced. Above all, the very thought of the child having to re-live the
incident during the investigation, is scary to many parents.
 The above case involves the ethical issues like fear, antipathy, responsibility, personal moral values,
integrity, self control, hedonism, fidelity etc.
 In the above case, first the person suspected should be arrested and intimated based on the medical
report. The DM should ask the police to record the report in writing and book the person under POSCO
Act.Additionally, the child must be protected from the media, unless directed by the Special Court, in the
interest of the child.

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 A proper investigation should be conducted in the concerned school to gather the information about its
environment and the security systems involved. The principle may be contacted to have a detailed
investigation in the matter.
 The protestors should be pacified by talking to them and ensuring them that proper justice will be made.
They should be asked politely to return back. Police personnel should be employed to care for any
incidence of violence. They should be asked to arrest the person inflicting violence if need arises.
 The case also involves responsibility on the part of teachers for spreading awareness especially among
the children. Parents should be made aware of such incidences and asked to teach the same to their
children. Children should be made aware about their privacy and personal vicinity. They should be taught
that, if anyone touches them inappropriately they should resist and report the same either to their parents
or to the person whom they trust. Overall making them aware about possibility of such incidences will be
a good step.
 Children are innocent and their raw mind doesn’t have any such awareness. There are levels of
providing education or awareness about sexual abuse which should be taught to them at during
school. Small kids should made aware about their privacy and personal conduct and should be made
aware about what is right or wrong and asked to not allow anyone breach their privacy. As they grow,
similarly the process of learning and its level should also be increased to make them more aware about
such abuses.
 During adolescent period, they should properly be taught about sexual awareness and also should be
made aware about proper course of action in case any such unfortunate incidents happen.
 The responsibility of parents, family members, society, school, and teachers are most important in this
respect. There is an elemental moral requirement to respond to innocent suffering. Any body who
indulges in such an activity should be severely punished for it so that others may fear next time even if
they think of doing so. A clear message needs to be spread that no violence against children is justifiable,
and all violence against children is preventable… whether accepted as ‘traditional’ or disguised as
‘discipline’.

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Syllabus mapping:
Social influence and persuasion

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Q.) You are posted as a DM in a small district. Your district suffers from socially backward problems like
child marriage, female infanticide, dowry, etc. One day, a girl of about 18 years who is well educated,
comes to you and informs you about her neighbors who are getting their daughter married at an age of
15 years. She tells you that she tried to convince her parents but was unsuccessful. You immediately
reach the spot of marriage. You see that all the preparations have been made. When you talk to the
family, you come to know that the family is not well educated and thinks that girls should be married
early as they it’s the common practice in the whole village and they cannot go against it. Given below are
some options. Discuss them with their merits and demerits. Also suggest which course of action would
you take and why?
(i) Convince the family and ask them not to send their daughter to her in-laws place despite marriage
being performed.
(ii) Talk to the girl and know her stand as that is most important.
(iii) Take strict action against the family under the law against child marriage.
(iv) Initiating a drive in the area in order to prevent such incidents in future.
Answer:
Child marriage is one of the evil practices that still exists in some parts of the country when we are living in 21st
century. It is an outcome of broad social norms and societal pressures. Financial poverty further adds to the
pressures along with low level of education.
In the above case, the girl who comes to the officer is well educated and tells him that despite her convincing the
parents of the girl who are getting her married at an early age of 15 years. After talking to the family, he comes to
know that the family is not well educated and its opinions are surrounded by the general perceptions of others in
the community.
The various options along with their merits and demerits are discussed as:
1. Convince the family and ask them not to send their daughter to her inlaws place despite marriage being
performed.
This will save the girl from engaged in household chores at an early age of 15 years. Her parents can be
convinced that though the marriage has been performed, they should not send their daughter to her in laws place
since she is too small to bear family responsibilities. This way a middle solution can be found to the problem.
2. Talk to the girl and know her stand as that is most important.
The DM should talk to the girl if she has been forced to marry or the marriage is performed against her wish.
Knowing her opinion on the matter is important. He should tell her about the ill effects of this evil practice and
convince her that she should tell her parents not to send her to inlaws place.
3. Take strict action against the family under the law against child marriage.
This will send a strong signal in the area to the people as it is a common practice to marry their girls at an early
age. This will set a good precedent in the area and they will be fearful of law when they think of doing so. But
taking action might be a late step now as the marriage has already been performed. DM should have taken pre
hand measures to create awareness among the people so that such incident would not have happened.

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 Initiating a drive in the area in order to prevent such incidents in future.
This will educate the people about ill effects of child marriage. Drives and campaigns can be run to tell people
about importance of education for girls and tell them that girls are not burden. This will decrease the cases of
child marriage. But such a change might not happen overnight and may take time.
The officer should take steps to create awareness in the village regarding ill effects of child marriage. Steps
should be taken to increase access to accessible, high quality and safe schooling for girl students. For change to
happen, the values and norms which support the practice of child marriage need to shift. Supporting young
people to be agents of change can be an effective measure of bringing change in the attitude of the people in the
area.
Source:http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-are-child-marriages-on-the-rise-in-india-s-
cities/story-BMHCvGIRImFTBYgpwtufGP.html
https://www.thebetterindia.com/97387/stop-child-marriage-intervention-tribal-rural-odisha/

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Syllabus mapping:
Ethics in private and public

relationships.

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Q.) You are posted as SDM in a tehsil. Your husband is also a civil Servant and remains busy throughout
the day because of the work pressure. You have a small child aged 2 years. You are finding it difficult to
manage your job with the child as your job sometimes requires you to work in odd hours. One day when
you discuss the matter with your husband, instead of finding a solution or cooperating you, he abruptly
asks you to leave the job and look after the child as he earns well. You have no financial burdens as
such and quitting the job would also give you sufficient time to spend with your child who is too young.
Given below are some options. Discuss them with their merits and demerits. Also suggest which course
of action would you take and why?
(i) Resign from the job and look after your child.
(ii) Continue your job and call your mother in law to look after the child or appoint a caretaker for the
child.
(iii) Have an argument with your husband that why only you should compromise with your job.
(iv) Getting your child admitted in a crèche near your office.
Answer:
The core issue in situation is work-life balance and handling situations where private and professional life are in
conflict. Work-life balance is very important for efficient performance of duties by any individual. The situation
deals with conflicts among the following interests:
1) Devotion and dedication to professional duties.

2) Choosing between emotional relationships with child and her work.
The various options along with their merits and demerits are discussed as:
 Resign from the job and look after your child.
By doing so, she will be able to give time to her child and look after the child. This will give her sufficient time and
she can join the job again when her child grows. However, this is strengthening the fact that a woman is the one
who has to make sacrifice for the rearing of the child. She should make her husband understand that both the
father and mother should take care equally for the child.
 Continue your job and call your mother in law to look after the child or appoint a caretaker for
the child.
This will enable her not to resign from the job. Also the child will be taken care of well and she would not have to
be worried about the child everytime. But, it is possible that the mother in law may not be able to come. In that
situation, caretaker may be appointed by discussing it with her husband.
(iii) Have an argument with your husband that why only you should compromise with your job.
Though she needs to tell her husband that he cannot ask her abruptly to resign from the job. Being a woman
doesnot make her subordinate in any sense and she an equal right to work. It is not about financial
independence. It’s about her right as a woman. But, she should take care that she discusses it considering right
time and situation else it will lead to an argument.

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(i) Getting your child admitted in a crèche near your office.
Getting child admitted in a crèche will enable her to look after the child after regular intervals of time. But it is
possible that her job might not allow her to leave office in between considering the volume of work.
The lady should talk to her husband that raising is the child is the responsibility of both the parents. She should
not alone leave her job to look after the child. Both can talk together on the matter in order to arrive at an interim
solution. If possible, they can call their mother in law or some body else from their home side to look after the
child. A caretaker can be appointed if no bodyis available to look after the child. Her husband should discuss the
matter politely rather than abruptly asking her to resign from the job. She has equal right as her husband to work.
She should not succumb to the patriarchal attitude of her husband and take a stand if she wishes to continue her
job.
Source: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-32377275
https://www.todaysparent.com/family/should-you-quit-your-job/
Q.) You are posted as a senior officer in forest department. Your office deals with granting clearances to
new projects. Your son has recently started a new project where he wants to set up a new factory in a
forest area. This would involve clearing some area of district through which forest passes. The
government has presently been not giving clearances to such projects as it has been emphasizing on
forest conservation. Your son asks you to get the clearances done from your department. You have
always been an upright officer and have not taken any benefit of the post held by you. However, this
project is important for your son as you want him to get settled. Will you use your authority to get the
project cleared? What are the ethical conflicts that arise in the case? What are the options that are
available to you? Discuss them with their merits and demerits.
Answer:
In the above case, the officer can get personal benefits if he gets the project cleared. However, it is against the
policy of the government as it has been emphasizing on forest conservation in the area. Being an upright officer
and being true to the public post that he holds, it is not advisable to use his authority to seek some benefits for
his son. That would be impeach of public duty and the defiance to the principles of public life.
The ethical conflicts that arise in above case are:
1. Personal interests vs abeyance to principles of public life

2. Firmness to government principles vs violating government rules for self gain
3. Upholding personal principles vs comprising them for personal motives
4. Nepotism vs respect to government policies
5. Misuse of public post vs respect for the public office.
The various options along with their merits and demerits are discusses as:
1. Not giving clearance to the project: This option will uphold his image as an upright officer who doesn’t
change his principles just merely for seeking some personal benefits. However, not giving clearance to

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his son’s project, he is risking his son’s career as this project is important for him in order to get his
settled.
2. Granting approval to the project: This would be impeach of the government policies and the rules
framed by it as it has been emphasizing on forest conservation. A public servant is expected to uphold
government policies and not defy them. This will also free him from the tensions related to his son as he
would get settled.
3. Making amendments in the project proposal: This would mean not getting the clearance get done
directly but through some indirect means by making certain amendments and changes in the proposal.
This way he will be saved from breach of public trust as he would be amending the project to suit the
requirements of the government policy.
4. Getting the clearance done with help from seniors: He may himself not be involved directly in the
project, but use his approach and contacts to get the work done. He may tell them that the project is
important. As he has always been an upright and honest officer, his seniors and subordinates might
favour him for this. But it is also possible that they may not give clearance.
5. Not being the authority in the project: As the project involves conflict of interest, he may ask
somebody else to anlayse it and give approval or rejection. This way the project analysis will be done in a
transparent manner and thus justice would be done.
Any public officer is expected to consider the interest of public office above his personal interests. The best
course of action for the officer is to get himself out of the project as he might face conflict of interest. He should
get the project analyses in a transparent manner by someone who doesnot have personal benefits involved in
the project. He should tell his son that he cannot favour the proposal if it is against law as it would be going
against the government policies and comprising on the principles which he has
upheld all his life.
Source: (in light of conflict of interest faced by public servants while holding public office)
Case Study taken from: Shootout in Mumbai Maharashtra.
You are a Deputy Superintendent of Police of a district. From your vigilance department you come to know that
some high profile criminals are hiding in a building of nearby residential area. You rushed immediately with 7 of
your well trained and known officers in order to conduct raid and to arrest them.
As you reached on the spot, they welcomed you by firing multiple bullets on your officials. With the exchange of
firing you with your officials have moved inside the building shooting some of the criminals randomly.
From the corner of one of the room, you are being targeted by one of criminals by his gun point and was about to
press the trigger. Seeing this, one of officer rushed quickly towards you in order to push you to save from the
bullet as you were not wearing any bullet-proof jacket like other officers.
In the process of saving, the officer got shot by the gun through the bullet-proof jacket. The jacket actually was
not made up of bullet proof materials but has been introduced as a bullet proof by your department. This shows
the great deal of corruption in your department involving high ranking official, Ministries and contractors in
procuring bullet-proof jackets.
You are in dilemma, since one of your officer who also happens to be your friend got killed in the firing due to the
fraudulent done by others for self monetary gain.
Concerning the above facts consider the following:
1. Discuss all the available course of actions with their merits and demerits.
2. What course of action will you take in order to bring justice to your friend and his family?

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Hints:
 The life of police remain hectic and in danger always. They are at the front end of dealing with the
criminals while on duty. That’s why they have been provided with Gun to save their lives as well as to
society from the grip of criminals. The above case depicts the corruption in police department in
which top to bottom officials are involved. The lure of the people in hierarchy for money costed an
officer his life who ran to save his colleague from criminals. The various course of actions
available with the police officer are as follows:
 Set up investigation committee: The officer should investigate the matter in detail. He should
seek the details of the procurement, the contractors and person involved in dealing with the
buying of bullet proof jackets. If need arises he should form a committee involving senior
members and ask for written report as soon as possible. He can take the help of vigilance
department to further investigate the matter.
 Seeking help from state authorities: He should approach the state authorities for seeking
justice for the officer who died. A formal complaint should be registered in the local police
station in order to avoid further legal glitches. After the report is being tabled in front of him,
same he should inform to vigilance department of state and centre in order to sensitize the
issue. Immediately the officer should inform the higher authority and demand for the proper
action.
 Making recommendation to the department for help to the officer’s family: He should
recommend the authorities for making ex-gratia grant to the family of his friend. Though the
loss that the family has suffered is difficult to recover but this will help the financially. The
department should pay homage to the officer by visiting his family and supporting them at
this crucial time.
 Taking contract for procuring jackets from the agency if it is found to be guilty: If the agency
which procures the jackets is found guilty of malpractice and corruption, immediately the
contract should be taken from it and legal action should be initiated against it. But the time to
establish that the agency is at fault may take time due to investigation process and the family
may demand justice early for their son. He should assure them that the department is
investigating the case thoroughly.
 Being a high profile case involving higher authority the chances of fallacious actions with the
evidences (in order to tamper it) are high. Maintaining secrecy in such proceedings is utmost
important. The officer should handle the case in conformity with the law which should be followed as
per the proofs and evidences. The case also involves the violation of human rights. Being human,
everyone has the right to live with proper security. By providing the duplicate jacket in the name of
original, the department has violated the human rights of the personnel. The case of human rights
violation should also be registered against the person(s) involved and should be punished
accordingly.
 In this way the person can bring justice to his martyr friend and to his family. This course of action
will show his capabilities to deal with the situation and also responsibility towards his duty, country,
friend and people.

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Case Study taken from: Case of Non-Maleficence in hospitals.
A two year old male child is suffering from physical deformities and also is mentally retarded. The Physician
informed that he would probably have lived to his fifth birthday but not more than that. The parents of the boy
have no formal education and are working at a factory with a monthly salary of Rs. 3000 to sustain their life and
another 3 children with no health insurance.
Monthly expense for medication and special diet for the child is Rs 2,500. The parents have requested for the
Physician to provide any sort of help as they don’t have enough money to take care of the child. They even said
that if there could not be any way out, it will be better for them to let the child die.
What should the doctor do and why? How the doctor should balance the Beneficence and non-maleficence?
Hints:
Ethics permeates all that we do in medicine. Medical training indoctrinates doctors to practice in ways which
have their foundations in historical ethical principles. Although each day we "act ethically," we sometimes don't
recognize the ethical aspects of our actions because we are not acquainted with the terminology and
methodology of ethics. For instance, the mandate that we "first do no harm," the foundational proscription of
medical profession, is called in ethics "the principle of non-maleficence.
In the above case, the Doctor is in dilemma what to do? If he let the child die he will feel guilty. The ability of the
family to support the child is really low as they also need to feed the other 3 child, need to go to school and they
are prone to be suffering from malnutrition, its morally wrong for the other child to suffer as well.
The case generate moral dilemma in doctors. However, whichever way the pendulum swings, the Physician must
at all times be conscious of the dictum: ‘aegroti salus suprema lex’ (i.e., the good of the patient is the highest law).
Available options with the Physician:
In order to help the patient and his parent, the physician may request some NGOs who work for caring such
medical conditioned persons and ask to take the responsibility of the child as long as he lives.
On the other hand the physician may also search for options for providing help from the government if possible.
He can discuss this matter with his senior members and ask them to request the concerned authority. He can
also request the authority to provide some help to either of his parents to get some other job so that he can look
after the child with adequate earnings within the person’s capacity.
This will provide some sort of help for children to survive till the age he can and also support to his parents and
other children. This will also bring some moral satisfaction in Physician.
Balancing Beneficence and non-maleficence:
However, such situations are often being faced by doctors in medical profession. In such condition it becomes
important to balance the beneficence and non-maleficence. It is the balance between the benefits and the
risk of treatment.
The duty of the physician is to provide necessary information to the relatives of the patient, the
information necessary to understand the scope and nature of the potential risks and benefits in order to
make a decision. Having taken the oath to consider the life of the patient above all, the doctor cannot let
the child die just because of the reason that the family cannot support the treatment of the child.
Alternative options should be looked up to support the treatment of the child.

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Syllabus mapping:
Strengthening of ethical and moral

values in governance

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Q.) The showing up off the strength, power through the use of beacons, etc is very much prevalent in
India. It brings hatred and discomfort among the minds of general public. What are the pros and cons of
the government’s decision of curbing VIP culture by banning red beacons? Do you think a certain class
of people should be given special benefits and important status in the society? Give arguments in
support of your answer.
Answer:
(a) VIP culture refers to special privileges sought by someone in position of power. In public sphere in India, red
beacon is symbol of the same. It has become a symbol of VIP and public servants flash it to set themselves
aristocratically aside from the public they have to serve. This VIP culture brings hatred and discomfort among
the minds of general public and they feel some sort of suppression. Considering the government’s decision of
banning red beacons as part of curbing VIP culture will have following pros and cons:
Pros of the decision
1.Reducing the aura: The red beacon is a powerful symbol for projecting powerful aura that the powerful used
to exert their power and to take privileges. Doing away with it will reduce this problem.
2. Reducing difference between VIP and normal citizens: Difference between normal and red beacon
vehicles serves as an indicator perpetuates VIP culture. Taking the beacon away will help in reducing VIP culture.
The public will remain calm and polite and VIPs will link to the general public at grassroots level.
3.Change in attitude: Red beacon as a symbol of VIP reflects the attitude of people occupying higher positions.
Stopping this will create equality among all citizens.
4. Save considerable cost to the public exchequer: Only those with serious threats actually need to be
guarded. The rest of the VIPs are rewarded at considerable cost to the public exchequer. Curbing this will save a
large amount of money.
However in some ways it will not make a difference because:
1. Mere symbol: Red beacon is a symbol and in itself does not bestow greater powers and doing away with it
won’t affect VIP culture to a large extent.
2.Other privileges exist: Apart from red beacons, there are a number of other provision that exist as special
treatment. So, merely taking one step is not enough.
3. Behavioural Change: There shall not be any behavioral change in the public figure by merely taking away the
beacon. We need to take steps to inculcate ethical and moral values in order to have behavioural changes.
Thus doing away with beacon may be a good measure to reduce VIP culture but it should be accompanied by
instilling the ethos of public service in those occupying higher positions.
(b) VIP culture has its roots in colonial times where people serving at higher positions were given certain
benefits. This created a difference between the people in the society in terms of benefits and special privileges
enjoyed by them. However, vehicles with beacon lights have no place in a democratic country. People often find
these flashing lights as an example of power and VIP status rather than security aids. Even lower-level politicians
and officials misuse the beacons to show off their importance, especially in smaller towns.

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So giving a certain class of people special benefits and important status in the society is not justified when it
comes to creating equality among all people in the society. Those who occupy respectable position can be
honored in various other forms other than giving them benefits like red beacons and toll exemptions at highways.
Hence, this is a welcome step by Government in order to change the culture to reduce the gap between the ruler
and those being ruled.
http://www.livemint.com/Politics/KAkIh8IuNfmgcBoEREufaJ/Ministers-to-stop-using-red-beacons-sign-of-
VIP-culture-fr.html
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/govt-bans-use-of-beacon-lights-from-may-1/article9649437.ece
Case Study taken from: Sexual Harassment cases at workplace and respecting the modesty of a woman.
Kavita works in a school. She is a teacher of English Language. Recently she was summoned by the principal
who tried to sexually harass her. She somehow manages to leave his room. Kavita later finds out that there are
other women in the school also who had been the victim of the principal. Kavita avoids the principal and
responds to his summon. Later, the principal threatens her that if she raises any complaint she will lose her job.
Kavita needs the job very badly because her present financial condition is not sound. She starts to live in fear.
In the above case do you think Kavita is under any moral obligation? What course of action should she take in
such a situation?
Hints:
 The above case is an apparent example of sexual harassment at workplace. The principal has violated
the guidelines at workplace by harassing a female and hurting her dignity. The case involves ethical
values like moral responsibility, self respect and etiquettes at working places especially in having
interactions with women (or opposite genders).
 Keeping silent over the matter can cause Kavita to be targeted by the principle again. The hide and seek
will not help for long as principle already has his eye on Kavita. He has now only threatened her later he
can force her to consent to his pervert mind.
 The case also involves other women working in the same school as the victim of principal’s pervert,
twisted and sick mentality. Certainly, Kavita is under moral obligation as to save herself as well as to
save other women in the school and towards other women also who will join later.
 This is a case of physical abuse, even in case of verbal sexual harassment; the conduct of the principal
is not acceptable. Sexual harassment at workplace also includes – the use of language with sexual
overtones, invasion of private space with a male colleague hovering too close for comfort, subtle touches
and innuendoes.
 Hence Kavita should take a stand against this behavior of the principal and not succumb to the pressure
that he is creating on her. In order to meet her financial needs, she should look up for a new job. Taking a
stand against the problem is the only way to solve it. In this case though it may seem to be an
individualproblem, such kind of pervert advances must be appropriately dealt with. The following are the
actions Kavita should take:
 Kavita should search for other complaints filed by some other victims in the past. She should garner the
support of the other victims and approach to the higher authority like MD in case of Private school or
School Inspector in case of Government school. She should secure the testimony of any witnesses of
incidents in writing to support her claim in front of authority.

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 If in case the school is private, Kavita may face job lose for highlighting the issue if biased approach is
taken by authority towards principal. In case of Government school she may be transferred to other
places in order to further harass her. However, in any case she should not give up and continue her
fighting for justice for herself as well as for other women in the school. However, this action of the
authority will highlight another ethical and moral concern.
 Further, if complaint does not result in senior authority or person concerned taking action, she should file
a charge (FIR) with the Police under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention,
Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. In any case she must ensure that the perpetrator is booked and
punished as per the law for her safety and for safety of other women as well.
 It will restore the self respect and the modesty of all those women who are working in the same school
which was violated. It will encourage people to take a stand against wrong irrespective of the
consequences. If modesty and self respect is hurt and lost then no better salary or need can restore that
person and even the society as a whole. A society which allows such perpetrators to scot free willingly
takes its values, loved ones and children to the slaughter.
 Booking and punishing the perpetrators will provide fair opportunity for the women at workplace
with a co-working environment. This will also set etiquettes among the employees to deal with the
colleagues and sub-ordinates with dignity and respect and also with the modesty of women.

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Q.) Limitless economic growth counters sustainability. Striking a balance between unbounded
economic growth and sustainability is very crucial in present times. Can development and
sustainability of environment go hand in hand? Considering the scenarios of the future that include
water scarcity, high levels of pollution, extreme weather phenomena and the regular occurrence of
natural disasters such as floods and droughts, how can a developing country like India balance
both economic development and sustainability? Give your suggestions.
Answer:
Development is a need for any economy but environment is essence of existence of life.
These two are two sides of same coin. One cannot be compromised at the cost of the other.
It is essential for long term sustainability that both go hand in hand. In this globalised era, one cannot afford to
lose the sight of development. To meet the needs of the increasing population, we need to grow and develop to
the best of our natural resources use. At the same time, one must think if every country keep developing itself on
the cost of environment without linking the cost borne out of it with the needs of future generation, the
consequences would be far more disastrous than we all can think. It would invite inevitable problems.
If one focuses on sustainable development, one can reap the benefits of both economic development and
environmental protection. Development can ensure clean environment if we utilize the resources in a proper
manner. What matters most important is an inclusive and sustainable growth. Either of the two cannot be
chosen alone. Both are equally important. For eg. good environment may not ensure reduction of poverty and
inequality, they can be reduced only by development which ensures equal distribution of resources and equal
benefits. So development along with sustainable environment development is best way to balance the two.
Considering the scenarios of the future that include water scarcity, high levels of pollution, extreme weather
phenomena and the regular occurrence of natural disasters such as floods and droughts and India being a
developing nation, it needs two digit growth to give jobs to unemployed people and for that we need
infrastructural development. We can't let our economy lag behind in this competitive world, so investing in
developmental programs is crucial. However, development should be such that it does not harm the environment.
India should make balance between its economic growth and environmental sustainability else economic growth
without any environmental concerns will make us pay bigger prices in future. Also, as India is still growing it is
comparatively easy to introduce new eco-friendly technologies rather than using corrective methods afterwards.
India can manage its economic growth and environment sustainability in following ways:
1. Having regulatory bodies which assess the projects from environmental angle.
2. Strengthening its supervising functions so as to identify the non compliant organization in initial stages.
3. Sensitizing people about the harmful effects of environmental degradation.
4. Encouraging R&D to develop more environment friendly technologies.
5. Use of more renewable sources for fulfilling its future needs.
6. By taking stringent action against organizations which are not complying with environmental laws.
http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/need-for-a-balance-between-development-and-
environment-kumar-115112501138_1.html

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Case Study taken from: Delhi government ropes in NGO for midday meals.
You are the director of an NGO which looks after setting up Anganwadi centres for small children and
providing MDM in schools. Your organization had received a grant of twenty lakhs to set up Aganwadi
centres. You makes all efforts to identify areas where the Aganwadi centres can be established. However
even after a year, you are still not able to set up the required number of Aganwadis to spend the allotted
amount. Now the time is around the corner to submit the accounts for the grant sanctioned and he has
been able to spend only ten lakhs out of twenty alks allocated to you.
When you set to compile the records to account for the spending what are possible temptations you will
face. What course of action would you take?
Hints:
 Nonprofit organizations are considered an important part for developing countries as they fulfill range of
functions such as watchdog, providing policy advice, program implementation and representing the
perspective of specific communities and areas.
 In the above case, given the importance of program and NGOs wider reach the government has allotted
the grant for establishing Aganwadi centres. But inability of the director in not establishing the centres
questions his intention and capabilities.
 The annual audit requires to be presented with all details and possible rewritings for which the director is
compiling the record to account for the spending. In the process the director will face following
temptations:
1. Accountability on account: The director will be in mental trauma for not completing the project on time and
maintaining the proper document to account the expenditure. There can also be possibility that the project will be
on half way and some fund has been spent on for acquiring and developing the places. These half way projects
may increase his mental pressure as there may not be record for the expenditure on paper. However, if accounts
book are straight where in all expenses are mentioned, will provide him some relaxation or may help him getting
further grant.
2. Account Manipulation: If accounts book are not clear, he may try to manipulate and show the expenditure
which will seem perfect. However, the director will live in fear as if when things get exposed the credibility in the
explanation for the action will cost him even more. Manipulation of accounts itself is wrong in first place which will
also put him under moral and ethical pressure.
3. Bribing in order to hide his mistakes: When thing will not be perfect, the director will try to manipulate the
concerned stakeholders by bribing them and asking them to remain silent. By doing this he may lose his respect
of being accountable and this action will also open the gate for stakeholders for asking the bribe in future for
remaining silent failing which the director will have to face consequences. He will also feel guilty morally and
ethically as this action will encourage illegal practice.
The director should follow following course of action:
∙ The programs and policies are meant for development of the society and of country. If the fund allocated is
not used properly, the very purpose of project will fail. In this case the director should follow his conscience for
being true to the nation and its people and return the unspent money back.
∙ If not returned, there is possibility that the money will go into the pockets of the unscrupulous people. The
burden on the common man as taxpayers will continue to build up. Thus this money must not be kept and should
be returned at the time of accounting so that the unused funds could be used next year.

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Syllabus mapping:
Quality of service delivery

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Q.) You are posted as DM in a remote area in a state. There has been death of around 20 children in a
hospital in your area due to shortage of oxygen supply. The agency supplying the gas had warned the
hospital administration several times but the hospital did not take it seriously. The government in power
does not want the issue to come to light. The hospital had informed the health department about the
issue but no timely action was taken. There is outrage and anger among the people. The people have
blocked the road and are lying with the dead bodies of their children. If timely action is not taken, there
may be a law and order disturbance in the area. Given below are some of the options. Discuss them with
merits and demerits suggesting what course of action would you take? Your course of action could be
different than the options given below.
(i) Suspending doctors from the hospital who were on duty that night.
(ii) Setting up a committee to enquire into the matter.
(iii) Go on leave till the matter is solved so that you are not questioned for all this.
(iv) Cancelling the licence of the gas agency so that a strong message is sent among people.
(v) Talking to the parents and assuring them a timely action would be taken.
Answer:
The hospital administration or the doctors on duty can not alone be held responsible for the death of all children.
It is the whole administration which is at fault. The various options along with their merits and demerits are
discussed as:
1. Suspending doctors from the hospital who were on duty that night.
This will lead to giving a message that the hospital administration is taking the issue seriously and has shown
quick action. The parents may be pacified due to the quick action. But, this step is like an action without finding
out who is to be held accountable for the situation. It is not necessary it’s the doctors on duty who are at fault.
Any such action should be taken only after thorough inquiry in to the matter.
2. Setting up a committee to enquire into the matter.
Setting up an enquiry committee will enable the hospital administration or the government to fix accountability
and find out whether this is a case of dereliction of duty. But, this is a time taking step and the situation can turn
violent or aggressive by the time the committee submits its report. The parents who have lost their children may
not want to wait for such a long time.
3. Go on leave till the matter is solved so that you are not questioned for all this.
This step will help the officer to save his face from all this situation and he will not be further dragged in to the
matter. But this is the most coward step one could ever take to escape responsibility. The civil servant is
expected to perform his duties and he just can not go on leave when the small children in the area are dying.
This is a violation of basic human values like empathy.
4. Cancelling the licence of the gas agency so that a strong message is sent among people.
Cancelling the licence of the agency will pacify the people who have turned aggressive due to death of their
children. This will satisfy them on the grounds that the hospital is looking in to the matter. This will also send a
signal to the gas agency if it is at fault as it will cancel its future contracts. But, without, looking into the situation
thoroughly, it is not advisable to cancel the licence as it is very much possible that there is no fault of gas agency.

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5. Talking to the parents and assuring them a timely action would be taken.
Talking to the parents and giving them updates about the action taken by hospital administration will pacify them
to some extent. A press conference can be organized to tell them about real time situation. In such cases, taking
the people into confidence is important so that they have a trust in the hospital administration.
The DM should not be in haste while taking any action. Having a thorough probe into the matter is important
before arriving at some decision. He should talk with the district administration in this regard. Ensuring the people
that a timely action will be taken. The officer should have a meeting with the parents who have lost their children
and sympathize with them. They are in need of being assured that the hospital regrets the failure that has
occurred. A committee consisting of experts should be set up to look into the matter and strict action should be
taken action those who are found guilty. Negligence can not be tolerated when it comes to the value of a life.
Steps should also be taken that no further loss of life occurs.
http://www.firstpost.com/india/gorakhpur-hospital-tragedy-live-60-children-died-in-5-days-up-govt-faces-
flak-from-opposition-3921401.html
http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/30-babies-children-die-in-uttar-pradeshs-gorakhpur-hospital-1736670

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Syllabus mapping:
Codes of Conduct

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Q.) You are posted as a senior officer in health department. One day during a visit to government
hospital, you came to know about the poor state of hospital. The staff is not punctual when it comes to
timings. The patients told you that the doctors rarely come on time for the regular round in the ward.
When you discussed this with the staff, you came to know some of the doctors had private clinics and
came to hospital only after visiting patients there. The uniform of the other staff was also not proper.
There was no display regarding the time of duty of the doctors in the ward. Do you think there should be
code of conduct of doctors and other staff in hospitals like those for civil servants? If you are to make
such a code of conduct, what all points will you focus upon? Draft a code of conduct in above case.
Answer:
The deteriorating working environment at any work place does not get developed in a period of one and two
days. Such wrong practices usually develop over a long time. In the above case, the hospital administration
should ensure to have a code of conduct for its staff. This will ensure that every body comes to the hospital at
time and is punctual in its duties. Action should be initiated against the doctors who practice in private hospitals,
if they do not adhere to the warning given to them. The administration should monitor the hospital premises
regularly. This will ensure a discipline among the staff.
While developing a Code of conduct for the hospital staff, the following points should be focused upon:
1. The staff should be punctual must report to duty on time, failing which they could be penalized.
2. They should be polite to the patients and should extend due courtesy to women and senior citizen.
3. They must wear their uniform/Apron while on duty. These should be cleaned properly before use. They
should also display their names/designations on their uniforms.
4. While performing indoor services they must take care to ailing patients and children with compassion.
5. They should be very honest and professional while handling medical stores and other materials of
hospital.
6. They should not enter in to unnecessary arguments with patients and their colleagues.
7. The staff should maintain complete discipline and abide by directions of doctors/physician/surgeons
8. Timely monitoring of the situation by conducting regular rounds to see the working atmosphere in the
hospital
The above code of conduct will bring discipline and a sense of professionalism in the hospital premises and
may enhance the image of the hospital in the eyes of the people. While the staff may think that it has been
enforced to curtail their freedom and rights, they should be told that the steps have been taken to maintain
discipline and punctuality in the hospital. Adhering to a set of guidelines will help to bring the things back to
normal.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/only-6-docs-for-200-patients-at-dadri-community-health-
centre/articleshow/60126779.cms

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Q.) X and Y are married to each other and own a business together. Z is X’s friend who works in a bank.
Z notices that every month Y deposits a fixed amount into one’s (P’s) account. P’s account does not
reflect a fixed monthly deposit from any other source.
Z passes on this information to X. X is upset but chooses to confront P first. She lands up at P’s house
and is even more annoyed to find that P has been hospitalized because she is expecting a baby. In her
frustration, X storms into her house where Y is with his relatives and confronts him to know the truth. Y
though, taken aback replies that P is her half sister and he hid this fact in order to avoid any ill feelings
concerning his late father. Was it just a blunder or was an ethical duty done by X and Z? Justify.
Hints:
Being an employee of organisation, there is a code of conduct to follow which includes maintaining neutrality,
and secrecy while delivering duty. This is for the sake of organizational reputation as well as to maintain persons’
privacy. Z who works in a bank has a code of ethics to follow being an employee. S/he committed two mistakes.
S/he violated the code of ethics by not keeping customer details confidential. Neither the details were
disclosed because the law demanded nor it was done with any permission. She put the bank’s credibility in
danger. No bank would allow its confidential data to be breached. It was a criminal and non ethical act done by Z.
Z has no business poking her nose into someone else’s affair. There was no moral obligation to pass on such
information. Moreover, even if she felt morally obliged owing to her friendship she should have thought some
other appropriate way to hint the issue without disclosing any information about the customer. She would have
told that, she suspects about X’s husband being extra marital affairs and would have advised X to investigate in
proper way like checking time, movement and any other possible sources.
Y should have taken X into confidence concerning his half sister by telling her everything about his sister in
advance. It would have avoided misunderstanding. Hiding things, especially in marriage can spell its doom.
Maintaining trust is important because it takes time to build. There should nothing be secret between a husband
and wife, however, such things definitely should not be hidden.
X should not have acted rashly on the information received from Z. She should have had it verified from Y
without creating a scene. She should have asked her husband in peaceful manner even after visiting her and
knowing the truth. She chose to act impulsively on the word of a third party, no matter the depth of the friendship.
It is but natural to feel betrayed. However, it is not wise to go by emotions. Perhaps that is why the head is on top
of the body. The situation did not demand ‘how could you’. She should have taken up the matter in more
balanced and conducive manner especially if she wanted her family to be involved.
Q.) Crime against women is on the rise in the Capital and also in some other parts of India. Government
has taken some steps in its bid to improve the situation. However, the steps still lacks concrete
measures. Even the bill on quota reservation for women keeps getting shelved. The reports are coming
at regular intervals from the media. However, nothing concrete is being done by the government.
Vasundhara who works in the Cabinet in the human resource department finds the whole cacophony
distasteful. She decides to express her thoughts on the present situation on her personal blog and in the
printed media to spread awareness on the matter.
What is your take on Vasundhara’s action? Explore the following option and suggest the suitable action
(other than the mentioned also if need be) with proper justification.
Is she right in doing so because someone has to take the step out to make a change?
She should have restricted herself to personal blogging that way no one questions her freedom of
expression?
She must step out in the open and fully take the cause in her hands.

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Hints:
The Government though has taken various measures in order to improve the condition but it still lacks in bringing
the desired result on ground. In the above case, Vasundhra taking lead to make some out of the box changes by
means of blogging and going into printed media in her capacity will be using official position or influence to use
media for her own benefits. It may or may not create awareness, but it will create a rift within the party and she
may become a dissident to the ruling party. The entire focus might move on her becoming as dissident and
there would be no end to the political shades with which the whole event will be covered.
Of course, every individual has the right to express yet it cannot be abused given certain restriction as per the
constitution under Article 19. As a bureaucrat her opinion matters the most. Even if she would write on her blog
only, it would violate the code of conduct of being a public servant and to keep secrecy with the official
subjects.
Stepping out in the open and taking the cause in her hands may be a good step if at all she is in complete
disagreement with the current handling of the situation. She may even choose step down by resigning from her
position and go her way to show her anger and disagreement. Still it may not solve the problem. However she
may choose instead to use the available means to appropriately voice her thoughts.
The simple rule to remember is that the principles covering the use of social and other digital media by civil
servants in both a work and personal capacity are the same as those that apply for any other activity. Social
media is a public forum and the same considerations would apply as, say, to speaking in public or writing for a
publication either officially or out of work. In social media the boundaries between professional and personal are
often more blurred – so it’s important to be particularly careful.
Thought civil servants are (of course) free to use social and other digital media in our own time, but they always
need to be mindful of our duties not to disclose official information without authority, and not to take part in any
political or other public activity which compromises, or might be seen to compromise, our impartial service to the
government of the day or any future government.
The options given do not take into account the responsibility of a bureaucrat to a large extent. They straightway
move towards rebellion. It does not remind that a bureaucrat is not a political figure and she has to work within
the framework. As a Civil Servant she must do what is in her capacity. What Vasundhara can do in her capacity
is to persuade the government to take concrete measures. She can highlight the importance of the issue and
points towards benefits if women are given equal rights and if their status is improved.
Bureaucrats should refrain from expressing their opinions on political matters especially on public media. She
must not be entangled in any political mudslinging or create any political division of opinion. She must not
overstep over boundary defined by the norms. Perhaps she can take the matter to her superiors directly or by
making use of the right channel she can raise her voice. She cannot model defiance in her capacity.

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Syllabus mapping:
Philosophical basis of governance and

probity

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Q.) With the increasing awareness among the people, the accountability of the government has
increased. Government can not escape the vigilance of its aware citizens. The government in your area
promised to bring a bill for bringing transparency in the system and challenging corruption. There is a
young social activist in your area who is sitting on a fast since last 10 days against the fact that the bill
has not been brought. He is having wide people's support. The government sends you as its
representative to convince him to give upon the fast. How will you convince him to bring the fast to an
end? Write in dialogue form. Why do such talks between government and the leaders reach stagnant
level after some time and the government fails to convince such activists of its intentions?
Answer:
With increasing awareness among the citizens, the accountability of the government towards its citizens has
increased. In this case, the dialogue between the representative sent by the government and the social activist is
as follows:
X: Good morning Y, What about your health condition, govt. is concerned and worried about your state of health
and that is why has sent me to request you to give up the fast.
Y: Thank you for visiting me. I am fine and I am in best of my health. Throughout my social life I have fought
many battles and this one is no exception (laughs). However, if I have to give up my life for a noble cause, I will
not have any regret.
X: Your concern against corruption has been noticed by govt. and i.e. why govt. proposes to bring a bill to this
effect in the next session of parliament. I hope you might be aware of the content of bill.
Y : Not only I am aware, but people are also aware about the content of bill and also about intention of govt. This
is what you people are doing for the last 50 years. You do not want to become accountable and continue to enjoy
power and authority unrestricted.
X: (Visibly disturbed by Y's reply) pleaded him to abandon the fast and provide govt. an opportunity.
X also revealed how opposition parties are fishing in troubled water.
Y : (Laughing again) says we all know the attitude of govt. and of opposition parties. They are playing a friendly
match which has been fixed. If you are serious bring an effective bill and pass it we will arrange a public
felicitation for both ruling & opposition parties. We have already submitted a draft bill for consideration of govt. X
appears to be little resistive says before bringing the bill we had examined it from legal angle and all political
parties were concerned. There is an established procedure of law making and govt. may not do anything under
pressure. It is better you give up the fast and wait for outcome of deliberation in parliament.
Y : intervened and cut short X and says no, I will never give up the fast rather will prefer to die for the noble
cause. Nobody can break my resort at this stage. The meeting abruptly ends.
However, such talks between government and the leaders reach stagnant level after some time and the
government fails to convince such activists of its intentions because these activists are aware of the intentions of
the government and they usually lack faith in the assurances of the government. Also, Mr. X had limited
mandate, and hence he gave up after a point of time. Y had a lot of cognitive and social resources at his
command besides he was a knowledgeable person and hence could not be easily persuaded upon.
Source:(in light of government not clearing bills even after promises)

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Q.) The people are the ultimate authority in any democracy and they are given certain fundamental rights
which cannot be taken by the state. Do you think state imposing restrictions on food and living habits of
people in a democratic country is justified? Give arguments in support of your answer. Upto what extent,
are such restrictions reasonable?
OR
Government should respect the voluntary choices made by individuals when it comes to their food and
living style as right to freedom comes at supreme in a country like India. Do you think the role of state
when it comes to imposing some sort of restrictions on the food and living habits of its citizens is
justified? Critically comment.
Answer:
Right to privacy is supreme in India. The right to privacy which covers a wider ambit when taken in broad sense
has been guaranteed by even the Supreme Court. The citizens have been given certain fundamental rights
which can not be taken so easily by the state and the interference of state in those rights is not justified in a
country like ours. Government should respect the choice of its citizens when it comes to how they want to live,
what they want to eat, drink and wear. A good democratic set up is one in which personal liberty is given
primacy. State is responsible to maintain an equal and just society. It cannot go on imposing restrictions on a
particular class of people just to appease a particular section. The right to freedom of the citizens and their right
to privacy has to be respected by the government.
The government’s decision of imposing some sort of restrictions on the food and eating habits of the citizens can
be justified on the ground of social morality – As government is also a stakeholder in building ethical and moral
practices in society. So by imposing restriction so as to protect the morality of the society, it is fulfilling it’s duty.
But there are some concerns which are related to it which are as follows:
1. Liberty and Dignity – Dignity to citizens come from liberty to make choices. It's upon an individual to decide
what is good for him. The state should not interfere in those choices.
2. Parental governance – Telling people what is good for their health will amount to parental governance. It is
like dictating the people as per the whims of the government which cannot be justified in a country like India.
The state interfering in the personal and voluntary choices of the individuals also raises following issues:
1. It lets the state snoop inside the personal domain of a person and regulate or judge his personal life and
choices which cannot be justified in a country like ours.
2. It interferes with an individual’s dignity to carry on with his life in the manner which he thinks is righteous.
(as long as he does not cause harm to others, the state should not dictate his choices)
3. The state or any such entity has no right to perform surveillance upon an individual without rightful cause
and authority.
It can be said that as long as the individuals do not cause harm to the society, the state should respect the
voluntary choices made by them. Such restrictions can be justified upto a certain extent, but the state cannot be
given supreme authority to dictate its citizens about what to eat, what to wear and what to choose.

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Syllabus mapping:
Work culture

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Q.) You are posted in a government office. Your staff is not punctual when it comes to timings as the last
officer had no complaints about late coming as long as people did their work efficiently. However, one of
your friend who is in other department advices you to be strict with you staff. He tells you that
punctuality comes first even if people are doing their work efficiently. You know that your staff though
comes late but is well efficient in work and their coming late to office doesn’t have any negative effect on
work. What will you do? Will you follow your friend’s advice and be strict with your staff? Discuss the
various options that are available to you along with their merits and demerits suggesting which course
Answer:
It is not proper to see a trade- off between efficiency and punctuality because these issues are mutually
exclusive. Being efficient is a valued attribute of a civil servant but this is not a license to be less punctual. The
reward for being efficient comes in many different forms and the rules do not permit to compensate failure in
punctuality with efficiency. Failure in punctuality of an efficient staff cannot be ignored even if he is efficient.
Thus, in the above case, even though the staff is doing its work efficiently, punctuality cannot be compromised
upon. The officer should tell its staff that punctuality is also an important attribute which is expected from them
despite work efficiency. The various options available before the officer are as follows:
1. Giving them warning for coming late
The officer should first give a warning to its staff for coming late and tell them about the importance of coming to
office at time. This will act as a precautionary step rather than taking disciplinary action in first instance. Taking
strict action without nay notice will be discouraging for the staff and it may lead to compromise on the work
efficiency.
2. Let the things go on as they are
If the things are let to go on as they are, the staff will continue to work efficiently as it is doing presently. Asking
them to change the timing may be taken by them in a wrong manner, and it is possible that despite coming to
office on time, they might decrease their work efficiency.
3. Set personal examples
This can be done by the officer by himself coming to office on time. This will motivate the staff to come on time
when they observe that their boss is coming to officer earlier than them every day. But, it is also possible that
they may not change their habit on the pretext that they are efficient in their work.
4. Initiate action against those who come late
This will send a strong signal to those not coming on time and the staff will mend its ways. This may be taken in
other direction that they may not do work properly as a means of soft protest against the action taken by the
officer.
5. Giving rewards to those coming on time
Giving incentive and appreciation to those who are punctual will promote this behavior among others too. This
will motivate them to come on time.

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The officer should first set personal examples before the staff by coming to office on time. He should act as a role
model for them, this would motivate them. The staff should be told that being productive at work does not mean
that one should undermine the punctuality. In any office, it is very much possible for government or private
officials to miss their punctuality targets occasionally. But this cannot be made a daily affair. Nevertheless coming
and going on time cannot be seen as isolated from involvement and performance of an employee in the assigned
task and duties. It is a part of office conduct rules that one must come on time.
Disciplinary action is a short term solution to the problem but in no way it would work in the long run.Training
and motivational sessions to make people more aware about their duties and responsibilities and rewards and
incentives to punctual officers would prove more effective in the medium and long run.
http://indianexpress.com/article/india/work-culture-in-central-govt-offices-has-changed-under-nda-pm-modi-
4770131/

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Q.) You are posted as DSP who is known for his integrity and sense of duty. You find two people
violating traffic rules and when you give them challan, they tell you they belong to ruling party and
refuse to pay challan. When you insist, they start misbehaving with you. You have a heated argument
with them. They ask you to leave them or ask you to be ready to face the consequences. Next day you
get a call from a local politician that you should apologise to the party workers else you will be
transferred to a remote area. You have lived all your life in metro cities. Even your husband advises you
to apologise, as he has a permanent job in the city and if you are transferred you might face family
problems. Given below are some options. Discuss them with their merits and demerits. Also suggest
which course of action would you take and why? Your course of action could be different from the
options given below.
(i) Apologise from the leader so that you are not transferred.
(ii) Asks your husband who also knows some senior minister to help you get out of the matter.
(iii) Be firm on your stand and decide to go to your new posting.
(iv) Highlighting the matter in the media to get more people support.
Answer:
While holding any public office, the performance of public duty lies at the top. It should not be influenced due
to political pressure and or any other external factor. In the above case, the officer was performing his duty, and
she should not let pressure from the politician affect herdevotion and honesty towards the public duty. The
options along with their merits and demerits are discusses as:
1. Apologise from the leader so that you are not transferred.
This option will stop the transfer and she can live comfortably in the city along with her husband. This will not
affect her personal life. However, this is like succumbing to the pressure created by the people belonging to
the ruling party. If somebody has broken the law, he should be punished like a common citizen. There should not
be separate rules for ruling party and common people. If she has not done anything that is wrong, she should not
apologise merely to stop her transfer. This will send a wrong signal in the society that she defied public duty for
her personal interests.
2. Asks your husband who also knows some senior minister to help you get out of the matter.
This option will also enable her not to face any problem in her personal life as she will be posted in the same city
as her husband. But, this is again breach of public responsibility. If she cannot be prepared to serve in a remote
area, she should have thought while imposing challan on those people. While joining any public service, it is no
assurance that one will always get to serve in a metro city, so for getting posting in a good metro city, she should
not compromise on the main motive with which she had joined the service.
3. Be firm on your stand and decide to go to your new posting.
Being firm on the point that anyone who violates the law or rules will have to face the consequences, sends a
signal in the society that no one is above the law and rules are same for everyone. This will also motivate the
youth who will join the service and she can be an example for all of them. No place is as such good or bad. It is
performance of duty which matters most. Though this will create some imbalances between her and her
husband’s schedule since both of them will be posted in different cities.

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4. Highlighting the matter in the media to get more people support.
This will bring the matter to the light and the people will have an idea about what is going on. Though this will not
stop her transfer but she will have an assurance that she is recognized among the people for her good work. It is
possible that while the matter is being highlighted to the media, the ruling party may present a different picture
and clear picture is not brought to the public.
The best course of action for the officer will be to tell the politician that those people have violated law and she
has not done anything which is wrong. She is firm on her stand of imposing challan on them. She should tell that
she is true and devoted to the public duty and she will be more happy serving in a remote area. There also
she will continue to perform her duty with same honesty and integrity. As far as the concern about being posted
at a far away place, she can visit her husband on weekends and thus can maintain a balance between public and
personal life.
http://indianexpress.com/article/india/up-woman-cop-transferred-after-taking-on-bjp-leaders-here-are-other-
officers-who-met-similar-fate-under-yogi-govt-4733723/
https://thewire.in/154225/ips-rule-of-law-shrestha-thakur/
Case Study taken from: Village without borders in West Bengal on Bangladesh Border.
‘Jaridharla’ is a village on the extreme north-eastern side of India-Bangladesh border where local residents use
to cross the border to reach a town ‘Moghulhat’ (just a 15 minute walk away) in Bangladesh to get even the basic
necessities of day to day living. The village lacks basic facilities like Hospital, concrete road, drinking water
facilities, school, police station and so on, and nearest Indian town falls about 100 km away from the village.
The people of the village have no other option then to cross the border to get their health checkup and necessary
medicines. Often in emergency, the people use to carry the patients on their shoulders across the border where
Border Guards of Bangladesh stops them for security reasons which delay patient’s treatment.
Consider the following statement:
1. The area falls under your jurisdiction of being a district collector. In the above facts what course of
actions do you think are possible?
2. A district magistrate has authority to do many things and if he wants he can transform the village
into modern one. How will you act in this situation and what contribution will you make for the village?
3. Bordering areas are too sensitive and causes security problems. Open border with Bangladesh has
many of such implications and caused many such damages in local areas like robbery, killing,
smuggling etc. How will you manage to such security scenario?
Hints:
 India-Bangladesh border is considered to be the craziest border on earth due to its being very
porous in nature. Both countries share 4,100 km of border hastily drawn around one of the most densely
populated region. Because of endless zigging and zagging it constitutes the world’s fifth-longest border.
 The border between the two nations has been drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe in haste manner without
having any ethical and moral consideration through the over populated regions of the country.
The motive behind division was divide and rule by the Britishers which was backed by the false idea
of better administration. However, since its division the region has been in problems drawing ethical and
emotional concern over the people residing on both sides.
 The facilities at the Indian side of the border are in very poor condition. Due to its porous in nature and
in proximity with the villages of Bangladesh, the government is unable to device any infrastructural

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development in the region. Until recently, the people used to cross the border informally in order to
do the work of daily wage manual labourers.
 There were 111 Indian enclaves in Bangladesh and 51 enclaves of Bangladesh in India. India did
not have access to these enclaves in Bangladesh, and hence, no administrative set-up to provide
facilities like police stations, courts, schools, roads, hospitals, banks, markets, etc. to their
residents could be established there. It was only in 2014 that bill ratifying Indira-Mujibur or ‘land
boundary agreement’ was passed in Indian Parliament which handed over the concerned land to the
respective country.
 The above case involves pathetic conditions of the people residing near the border areas of Bangladesh
where there was no medical facility available even after 70 years of India’s independence. The
people dwelling near by the border area used to cross the border in order to get access of
things such as snacks, textbooks, schools, doctors, agricultural workers, even the currency used
and the national anthem sung etc.
 Legal facts in this case involved are absence of facilities impacts general masses, violates their
human right, right to live with dignity, right to access even the basic necessities etc.
 The ethical principles involved are pitiable condition, autonomy and vulnerability etc. as they are
being kept away from their rights.
 For the District Magistrate, the things become easier as he/she has the authority do many things as
he/she is the custodian of public funds. The District Magistrate has the delegated authority to deal
effectively with the situation.
 The DM should slowly start availing basic facilities in the villages. Sending doctors periodically,
establishing health camp, establishment of Public Distribution shops, medical shops, free
availability of medicines, proper infrastructure for schools, establishing gram panchayats and
empowering its members, making availability of drinking water etc. from immediate effect to deal
with the situation in short run.
 As the things will gradually develop, the transportation facilities and other necessary
requirement such as concrete roads, big hospital with modern facilities, courts, and market will
become available in long run. The people of the region should be dealt with sensitivity and
compassionable manner.
 For security management, Police chowkis should be established at disturbing points. Strict vigilance
should be kept over border crossing and cross border dealings. The local people should be asked
to participate in maintaining security scenarios.
 However, the recent decision of the Government of India for fencing the entire border across the
borderline is a welcome move to stop illegal infiltration and curb illicit trade activities. But considering the
emotional contact among the people of the region, the situation should be dealt with utmost sensitivity.
First, the government should establish the necessary facilities in all the villages or community of villages
with proper availability of men and materials and then further action should be taken.
Q.) A newly appointed Medical Superintendent of a district Government Hospital receives complaints
about the negligent attitude of the doctors in times of casualties. The patients are not properly attended.
Incidentally it is the only hospital in the city and the vicinity for the poor and needy. While on the round
in the hospital, the Superintendent finds that the doctors were not found on duty, there was no proper
display of duty timings and shifts. The relatives of the patients complained about the negligent attitude
of the doctors.
1. What do you propose the Medical Superintendent should do? Evaluate various options and
suggest suitable measures to improve the condition.

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Hints:
Health is of utmost important for human life to survive and flourish. The people have a basic right to health
services in hospitals. But the condition in most of the government hospital in general is far away from better.
They lack Good Infrastructure, proper management, dedicated staff and many other things. In the above case of
negligence by doctors in times of casualties is a gross violation of human rights which questions the ethical
values of doctors like their oath towards service, importance of human life, competence and integrity.
The duty of the newly appointed Medical Superintendent is four fold such as:
1. Administrative control of hospital.

2. Answerable to Chief Medical Superintendent & Head of Department (Secondary Health Care Services),
EHO and higher authorities.
3. Proposal for expansion, improvement of existing facilities and implementation of the same.
4. Co-ordination with Dy. MS, Sr. MO and other staff members.
In this regard Medical Superintendent has following options:
1. Ignore the complaints and let the situation continue. By doing this superintendent will fail to deliver
his/her duty as an administrative officer. As he is answerable to higher authorities, any casualties will question
his/her ability to deal with the problems. This will also undermine officer’s moral and ethical values as he is also
involved in serving the people. This attitude will further worsen the situation as doctors will take it as official grant
to be absent and run away from duties.
2. Relieving the doctors who were found absent from their duties. Relieving doctors may invoke fear of
harsh punishment in the light of problem. This will also make the patients more vulnerable as no doctors will be
available to treat them and handle the casualties. This action also undermines officer’s ability and puts the
facilities in hospital stand still.
3. Summon an official meeting of doctors. Summoning meeting and discussing the issue in detail will work
in positive context. The officer should warn the doctors for any negligent activities in future and possible
consequences. The officer should also try to know the reasons for such negligence from doctors and try to fix
their problems by subsequently informing the higher authorities. However, this step is a consensual one which
requires doctors agreeing on the same. The possibilities are also that, the doctors will work seriously for some
day and may continue their earlier attitude of negligence.
4. If in long run, the doctors continue negligence then the officer can issue a show cause notice and ask
for written explanation for the same. This will clear the cloud to a large extent and will help to address the core
issue appropriately. This will also provide a premise and proof to further investigate and work out a solution.
∙
The suitable measure for the problem seems to be discussing the matter with the hospital staff and then
coordinating between various health departments. The doctors should be told about the gravity of the situation
and how the health services in the nearby area are affected due to their negligent attitude. Incentivising those
who are performing their duties effectively will motivate others to do so in the longer run. Warning should be
given to the doctors who were found absent from their duties. There should be regular and timely monitoring of
the situation. The MS should go on rounds periodically in the hospital and have an assessment of the situation.
Though the things will take time to improve, but regular inspection of the hospital will certainly help a lot in
improving the health facilities in the hospital.

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Case Study taken from: The recent Uttarakhand Floods and sorry state of affairs for some of the families.
Q.) Your state has been witnessing on and off Monsoon showers for quite some time now. You are local
MLA and in your Constituency majority of your electorates are from weaker section of society. You have
come to know that five members of a family have been washed away in flash flood and only two children
of the poor family having age of 12 years and 8 years have survived. The children are weeping bitterly as
they have nothing to eat and depend upon. On the spot visit, you find the situation to be very pathetic.
How you would handle the situation. Discuss various options that are available before you? What course
Hints:
∙ The above case reflects the sorry state of affairs for the people of constituency and especially for the two
surviving children who lost their parents. The case involves responsibility towards citizens, empathy, humanity
and rights of the citizens as far as ethical values are concerned.
∙ In this case first and foremost action of the MLA should be to provide rehabilitation facilities to the affected
families. Being the local representative, he can show sympathy to win the heart of the people in order to
consolidate them and support them mentally and emotionally in grief situation. During the visit, the various
options that are available before the MLA can be discussed as:
1. Immediate help: He may seek help from the District Disaster Rehabilitation Team and State Disaster
Rehabilitation Team to control the situation as soon as possible. The MLAAD fund can also be used to rescue
and rehabilitate the people and control the situation by reducing its imoact.
2. State and Central help: Being an MLA he certainly has less amount on his hand to correct the situation in
comparison to a Member of Parliament. Though, from his part he should try to help the people as much as
possible. And at the same time, he should ask the state cabinet to focus on the incidents and provide adequate
rehabilitation and development facilities. This will help to maintain adequate fund allocation and devise expert
disaster risk reduction mechanism on the ground to tackle the situation effectively. He can also make a
recommendation or urge the state govt. to request the centre for more fund allocation.
3. Involving NGOs and Local Activists: He can make a request NGOs and Social Service groups to come
forward and correspond to rescue and rehabilitation work. Asking Industrial and Business houses to help through
allocating several funds towards their social responsibility can also be thought as an option. Though it
might provide a short term solution but it may not offer a long term commitment and assistance.
4. Providing support to children: The families will be in emotional trauma for losing near and dear one. The
two surviving children who lost their rest of the family members might be in shock knowing nothing to deal with
the situation. Local MLA should try to arrange short term assistance and locate if any close relatives could take
the burden of children. This will boost emotional support among children. Also steps should be taken to ensure
the continuity of education of children and their well being so that when grown they can better survive on their
own.
5. Asking Child Care NGOs to help children: In case when no relatives are found or are ready to take
responsibility, the MLA should ask NGOs to take care of the children and avail them facilities for their
development. This will help children to overcome the problems along with ensuring their proper development.
Disaster risk reduction is a long term process entailing a wide coverage of issues and understanding of multiple
dimensions of communities’ vulnerability and resilience. Disaster risk reduction becomes a locally-specific
solution strategy wherein specificities, region specific issues, community resilience practices need to be taken
into consideration. The local MLA should also contact the officials and senior functionaries of the state
government to draw their attention towards sorry state of affairs in his constituency to tackle any such incidents in
future.

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Case Study taken from: BJP MLA confronts with traffic cop for not letting car enter one-way route in
Lucknow.
One Evening, driver of the state MLA was driving his personal vehicle within the limits of the city. He was
driving faster than the prescribed speed limit. He jumped a red light and consequently he was stopped
by the traffic police officer. The policeman confronted the driver and proceeded to write challan for the
offence. The driver stopped him from writing the challan and blatantly informed him that he is the driver
of the state MLA. The policeman is in dilemma as the driver may work as influence for the policemen for
getting some personal benefits with the support of MLA.
Do you think, policeman is under certain obligation? What are the various options available to him?
What suggestion you would like to provide to policeman in order to help him overcome from dilemma?
Hints:
 Rules and regulations are set for smooth functioning of day to day life which is meant to be same for all
(equality before law), violation of which brings chaos in society and hampers its growth. The above case
is a pure violation of traffic rules by the MLA’s driver which demands him to be punished. The case raises
the ethical concerns like integrity, honesty, responsibility and model code of conduct on part of the
policeman as well as responsibility and obeying rules on part of the driver.
 The traffic police is meant to facilitate/manage smooth movement of vehicles on road. For smooth
movement, they need to keep vigilance on people following rules and regulation in proper manner for
safety concern of all. If anyone violates these rules, the policeman should take appropriate action as per
his authority and power and without any discrimination.
 In the above case, the policeman is certainly under moral obligation for maintaining law and order on the
road. Integrity and code of conduct are important part of duty and are highly recommendable for civil
servants to maintain in times of need. His deviation from the duty will lead to chaos like condition on the
road and pose safety threat for people. Hence the policeman should maintain probity in his profession.
Under the given circumstances the policeman has following options:
1. He should let the driver go: If the policeman simply let him go, it will imply him being biased. As a
public servant he is supposed to uphold the law and twist the law. This will compromise his integrity as
well as responsibility for being as the watchdog of rules. This will also highlight his conflict of interest
for personal gain by favouring driver.
2. He should strike a deal with the driver for personal gain in return: if the policeman tries to strike a
deal with the driver, it will imply him of being an opportunist (which may not be wrong always). Yet as a
public servant who is to safeguard the citizens, it certainly will send a wrong signal especially when he
is trying to bargain in this situation. This will also encourage the driver in future to violate traffic rules
and go free by bribing the traffic police or favouring their small personal intensions. Dealing on the
ground in-front of public will also set wrong precedence among other people.
3. Asking for bribe: this will prove him to be a corrupt and will also send a bad influence on those who
are trying to do their duty honestly. Compromising will encourage the person more in future to violate
the law and come out clean further jeopardizing the law and order situation. Unaccounted money is
curse for the development of nation and hence the policeman should not indulge in such practices. It
will cause the public to lose trust in a law enforcement agency. It will disillusion those in the agency
who are honestly and genuinely trying to enforce the law. It will also encourage elements who would
want to abuse the law for their own greedy and selfish ends. Moreover, corruption and other anti-
human and social elements will be encouraged by it.
4. Taking strict action: This is necessary in order to punish the driver and send a positive message that
anyone who violates the law will be punished irrespective of his profession and influence.

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Suggestion for Policeman:
In order to maintain his integrity and fair duty for people, the police man should penalize the driver by charging
challan and the respective amount of punishment as per the challan. Enforcing the law by issuing the penalty
receipt will send a positive message about the law enforcement agency. It will make the perpetrators either
realize or think twice while breaking the laws and repeating the same action again. It will most certainly be the
right step against corruption. Such action will also impose faith of the people in the law which is framed to
safeguard the interests of its civilians.

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Syllabus mapping:
Attitude: content, structure, function; its

influence and relation with thought and
behavior

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Q.) You are CEO of Zila Parishad. One day, you go to inspect a gram sabha meeting in a village which is
headed by a female sarpanch. But, you find her absent in the meeting. When you ask the villagers about
it, they tell you that its her husband who takes all decisions and attends the meetings. You decide to
have a meeting with her, when you meet her, she tells that her husband does most of the things as he
thinks that being a female she can not handle the work of being a headwomen. Do you think the real
motive of the government behind providing reservation to women in Panchayats has failed? Is the
husband’s interference in this case justified? What should she do to convince her husband that she can
handle the work herself?
Answer:
The 73rd constitutional amendment mandated minimum 33 percent reservation for women at panchayat level in
order to ensure their participation in the governance at local level. This reservation scheme for women has
certainly brought some positive changes in women empowerment. This rightful share in political power gave
them voice and feeling of solidarity with removing gender imbalance and bias at the grass root levels. This
women participation, awakens women to their selfhood and human right, educates them about their powers
and responsibilities and also links them with the government. The positive effects of this decision of the
government can be discussed as:
1. More participation of women in decision making at panchayat level has led to increase in confidence and
autonomy of women.
2. Behavioural changes - Patriarchy dominated Indian society is gradually accepting the equal role of women in
society.
3. There has also been increase in more and more Women led SHGs which shows increasing voice of women in
political and social life.
However, when seen at the ground root level, reserving a required number of seats for women has not proved
much effective. While women got political representation, the real power is usurped by their husbands, ”The
Sarpanch Pati” depriving them of any meaningful gains. Caste and gender based discrimination are still
prevalent and despite earning a political position women are denied their due respect. The males are still
overwhelmed by patriarchal attitude and seem to be ignorant about the innate capabilities of women. Men always
think in a patriarchal or conventional set up that since women are physically soft, they would not be able to match
the requirements of a public position. Also there is a psychology that one should not allow women to interact with
men alone for the reasons of security, even if she is in public life; she needs protection of a man. Thus, though
the reservation has proved to be effective in increasing women participation, but still we need to take steps to
give real power in the hands of the women.
(ii) However, it is never justified to interfere in the jurisdiction of a village headwoman. Husband is also a stake
holder, like other village men, but this right ends there. The decision should be allowed to be taken by the village
headwoman with the advice and consensus of village men. If she needs help, she should be supported by the
husband and even others, but interference or usurping the authority is not only illegal but immoral too.
(iii) The village headwoman is a public figure as well as a wife. She as a wife should use her clout with her
husband to convince him that she is capable of taking her responsibilities and she would honestly seek his help
when in confusion or crisis. But at the same time, if the husband is still not convinced, she may need to be tough
and take responsibilities more and more in a gradual fashion to remove these complaints.
http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ox19icOMDH2GXxpUFVne7H/Women-and-panchayats.html

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http://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/bihar-women-panchayats--mgnrega-indira-awas-
yojana/story/209046.html
Case Study taken from: ‘Who's Your Baap?' Couple In UP Harassed By Hindu Yuva Vahini Founded By
Yogi Adityanath.
1. Radical political groups are frequently harassing young couples on the ground of preservation of
culture and morality, irrespective of the fact whether they are married or are just in a relationship. A
café in the city was recently vandalized following a news channel report that it was allowing ‘immoral
activities’ which was nothing less a simple holding of hands and occasional hugging among youngsters.
The youngsters were assaulted when they protested. This event sparked off an open public
protest. You are the DM in that district. Even in front of your office, couple are protesting in large
number against the government authorities. The organizers maintained that it was not just about their
personal rights but for greater tolerance towards respecting individual choices of the individuals.¥
2. How will you pacify the young couples? Evaluate various options and suggest what course of action
will you take?
Hints:
Introduction:
 In a liberal and democratic society, moral policing cannot be justified. The society must respect the
individual and personal choices of its people. The case involves the basic fundamentals of liberty,
responsibility and dignity of being a human. The state cannot impose restrictions on how people
express their basic freedom and human emotions. It should be left for the people to decide at their own.
First and foremost, pacifying the young people is important otherwise the situation may turn grave. He
should use his persuasion skills to calm the people down. He should assure them of their safety. A
thorough probe should be conducted into the matter to find out the guilty. A message should be given
to the groups who try to affect the law and order in the society citing grounds of preservation of culture
and morality. Though the moral and ethical values of the society are at supreme but they cannot be
used to infringe on the basic rights of the individuals.
 The various options available before the DM are as follows:
 Pacifying the crowd: Pacifying the crowd is the first priority for the officer. He should seek their
confidence and assure that action will be taken against those who are found guilty in the incident. He
 Assuring them of no violent action: The young couples who are protesting since they have not done
anything which is against the law should be assured of their safety. The help from police department
may be sought in this regard. However, this may invite problems for the officer from the members of
that radical political group.
 Taking action against the radical political groups: The unauthorised action of radical groups in any
society is wrong. They cannot coerce anyone under the grab of culture to submit to their ways. Taking
actions against groups will stop such incidents in the future and sent a strong signal to such extremist
and political groups. But fighting against them requires strong will on the part of the civil servant.
 Organizing events to sensitize the society on such issues: The society should also be made aware of
the modern values. There is nothing wrong in expressing emotions unless the expression is not wrong
in any form. This will bring a change in the society.

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 If the government authorities turn harsh at the people who are showing their protest, this will send a
wrong message among the people. Unless, the people or citizens are not doing anything which harms
the law and order in the society, violent action is not needed. The DM being from a young generation
can play and effective role in being an agent of change in the society. People who are showing radical
approach to expression of any basic human emotions need to be sensitized that society cannot be run
on a radical and extremist approach.Unhealthy comparison of cultures and values is neither the
solution nor the end that one should seek.

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Syllabus mapping:
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil

Service, integrity, impartiality and non-
partisanship, objectivity

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Q.) You are a judge in High Court. You are hearing a case against a religious person who has a wide
following in the area. He is convicted in a criminal case. The situation is very tense. The followers have
all gathered around the city in large numbers. The judgement being delivered against him will erupt
violence. How do the religious sentiments of people play a role in delivering judgments or affecting the
official capacity of judges in such cases? In the above case, what qualities or attributes of the judge are
at stake? What role does the external pressure play in affecting judgments in such cases?
Answer:
No organs of the government can be clearly distinguished from one another. They are related to one another in
one or the other way. In the above case, if the person against whom the case is being processed is not convicted
or punished due to the intense situation in the area, this will spread a wrong message that justice was not done
in a fair manner. However, on the other side, the moment the judgment is pronounced, it will lead to incidences of
violence and conflicts.
In such cases, the pressure that is being created by the followers of such persons, to a large extent, plays an
influential role in affecting the official capacity of the judges. The judge, may, sometimes, due to the pressure of
the public and seeing the after effects of such judgments may not be able to deliver justice fairly. The problem
lies in the fact that the followers are not able to accept their leaders or gurus as being convicts. In a secular
nation, the religious sentiments of the people must be respected by all organs of the state, but it is the duty of
the state to ensure that unnecessary freedom is not given in the name of religion. So, it is important that the
religious sentiments of the people are respected but that should not be at the cost of disturbing law and order
and affecting the functioning of other organs, judiciary in this case.
In the above case, the following qualities of the judge are at stake:
1. Ability to do justice in unfavorable conditions.

2. Handling the external pressure due to the followers.
3. Upholding principles of justice.
4. Judgment being delivered in a non partisan manner (Not let the following of the criminal affect
judgment in the above case).
5. Firmness to being true to his duty despite external pressure.
6. Setting an example before the society that nobody is above law.
The pressure that is created by the followers of the person in the same case plays a significant role on the
judgment. If the judge doesn’t uphold the principles of judiciary, in such cases, the justice might not be done. It
is possible that the judge due to external pressure or to save him from being point of conflict in such case, may
not deliver harsh judgment or punishments. Seeing the outcome of the judgement, the judge may not be
courageous enough to pronounce effective justice. Hence, it can be said that in such cases, the outcome or
the judgment, to a large extent, depends on the pressure that may be faced not only from public, but also from
state or other organs of government machinery. The state must ensure complete justice in a non partisan way in
such cases and be prepared to handle the law and order disturbances that may occur after the judgment is
delivered.
http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gurmeet-ram-rahim-singh-sentencing-cbi-judge-jagdeep-singh-
gave-dera-sacha-sauda-chief-a-tongue-lashing-here-is-what-he-said/830377/
https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/ram-rahim-sentencing-not-heroic-jagdeep-singh-did-his-job

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Case Study taken from: A timeline of the Crisis in Air India. Basic information on Ethical principles like
honesty, ability, responsibility and reputation etc.
You are working for Air India Ltd. The Managing Director has asked you to write a speech that will be delivered at
an International Air Transport Association gathering in Geneva, Switzerland. Air India is suffering from financial
difficulties, and the MD hopes to use the speech as a springboard to open discussion about the subsidiaries and
increased investments in State owned carriers. MD holds that decrease in subsidiaries and investments create
problems for the consumers as the State Carriers are forced to increase fairs and reduce standard of service.
Your deadline is immediate and you have the worst writer’s block ever had in your life. Through some random
electronic searches, you find the perfect speech on YouTube. It was delivered by a member of Labour Party who
opposed the UK Government’s proposal to cut subsidiaries of the country’s state owned airline and was posted
with subtitles.
You are ready to copy it and present it to the MD because it is exactly what you have been directed to write. But
you are feeling uncomfortable because you know the speech will not be your own work. The deadline is
immediate. What will you do?
Justify the ethical values in the case with proper explanation. Discuss what ethical principles will guide you in
decision making in this case? Make a decision and offer a brief rationale.
Hints:
 The words spoken during a speech determine the ability, personality and nature of the person
speaking. Good speech brings prosperity in all spheres of human development and also to the
organizational development in terms of increased positive enhancement and increased trade too.
The above case involves ethical values like:

 Honesty: To adhere to the highest standards of accuracy and truth in advancing the interests of the
organization one represents and communicating with the public.
 Expertise: To acquire and responsibly use specialized knowledge and experience and to advance the
profession through continued professional development, research and education. To build mutual
understanding, credibility and relationship among a wide array of institutions and audiences.
 Fairness: To deal fairly with clients, employers, competitors, peers, the media and the general public and
respecting all opinions and supporting the right of free expression.
 Ability: To be able to deal with fair manner. Any short of it may result in lowering reputation of the
organisation.
 Here, the question that arises is that, is it ethical to use someone else’s words without attribution, and is
it ethical to accept compliment for those words? Is it ethical to give a senior member of your organisation
a speech to deliver that was delivered by someone else in another context, potentially setting them up for
public ridicule?
 The executive who represents this speech will be the one who will be most affected by the unethical use
of this speech if it should become public that it was copied from another speech. That executive will
be publically humiliated and it will be this person who will be considered the plagiarizer. He or she could
also face legal and financial liabilities if the writer’s action is also a copyright infringement.
 Obviously, if that should happen, the writer will likely be dismissed from his XYZ Company.
His reputationcould be permanently damaged as well. Others affected by stealing this speech include the
audience, thinking they are hearing original words, the media who might quote the MD and the actual
author of the original speech whose words would be misappropriated.
 The decision making in the above situation should be based on following ethical principle guidelines:

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 Free Flow of Information: Preserve the integrity of the process of communication. Be honest and
accurate in all communications.
 Competition: preserve intellectual property rights in market place.
 Disclosure of Information: Be honest and accurate in all communications. Avoid deceptive practices.
 Conflicts of Interest: Avoid actions and circumstances that may appear to compromise good business
judgment or create a conflict between personal and professional interests.
 It would be completely unethical to use this speech as it is and present it to the client as one’s own. One
could, however, get some good ideas from the speech in terms of tone, types of examples used,
structure etc. Ideas cannot be copyrighted. Also, one may quote a few lines of the speech as long as one
attributes them to the correct source. If one cannot write the speech oneself, then one must ask someone
else at the same firm to do it in one’s place. Even having the MD cancel the speech would be preferable
to having him present this stolen speech and risking public embarrassment.
Case Study taken from: news highlighting the issue of education system influenced by criminals in a
village of Uttar Pradesh.
You are the DM of a district. The education and health inspector of the region has submitted
a report which stated that the local goons and people of higher caste are not allowing
ASHAs and school teachers to provide facilities to the downtrodden people. They sell the
education and health kits in open market and even sarpanch is not able to take action due
to social boundations.
1. What are the various option you have in this case? Discuss them with their merits and demerits
suggesting what course of action would you take?
Hints:
Welfare services provided to the citizens under different government schemes are based on the principle of
equality. Hence discrimination among the people on the basis of caste and religion is unconstitutional. The
benefit of the schemes should reach to those for whom it is meant.
In the above case the ASHAs and teachers are not allowed to work for the welfare of the
vulnerable. The various options available before the DM can be discussed as:
a) He should conduct the meeting with the respective MLA, MP and Gram Pradhan of the region to brief about
the issue and instruct gram pradhan to take strict actions against the local upper caste community members who
are involved in the case.
Merits: Action by the local guardian will influence most in controlling such practices. This will be a great way to
deal with the situation. In the process of meeting, if there will be any sort of demand by the local upper caste
people, which will be taken care of by the DM.
Demerits: If respective MLA, MP and Gram Pradhan of the region do not get influenced then the matter may
become worst. The illegal activities may increase more. If local guardians are involved and are patronizing the
things, it will bring even worst situation.
b) He may initiate a regular social audit of the respective schemes to bring accountability and transparency in
the system.
Merits: Regular social audit is a good thing. This will involve masses for which the schemes meant to be and will
also make them aware about. This will improve the functioning the curb illegal practices involved. It will bring feel
of ownership among the public.

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Demerits: However, it may involve some extra cost, Chances of fraud cannot be avoided.
c) The community participation is must for the successful implementation of any scheme, thus sensitization of
people about the benefits of the scheme and consequences of hampering its smooth functioning should be
messaged clearly among the people.
Merits: This will bring awareness among the general public. The beneficiaries will think that this is their right and
may organize groups and recent with the person coming on their way of getting these rights.
Demerits: This may raise more radical groups and in the name of confronting, the communal violence may erupt.
d) If still the situation does not improve, he should seek help from state authorities in this regard. This will
enable him to get expert advice. Action may be taken against the goons on the charge of hampering the basic
government functioning. Persons should be arrested by the police.
Merits: This will create deterrence among the people and will help in building trust with the citizens. Punishing
arbitrary and illegal actions will be in good faith development with the masses and will help the downtrodden in
positive manner.
Demerits: They may or may not be controlled or there may be some upper hand on them due to which they will
be set free. This will encourage them more in hampering the daily business further.
 The DM should take the measures in systemic way. First, by highlighting the issue with utmost
sensitivities and ordering the police to take strict action against the radical groups or the person
obstructing the government functioning by arresting them and punishing them. Bringing law and order on
track is the first priority in order to tackle with any menace.
 Social awareness, social audit should be brought in place in order to bring transparency and
accountability and make people aware about it. Taking strict action with the person involved in illegal
activities will be beneficial in case the situation does not improve. Local leaders should be involved to
influence the masses by highlighting the issue in media so that they will act in fair manner.
Case study taken from: Study conducted by an NGO PRATHAM on India’s education system.
Q.) Modern education in India is often criticized for encouraging rote learning, rather than
comprehension, critical thinking, and problem solving. Students spend most of their time memorizing a
syllabus with no thought given to learning or playing. Textbook knowledge, rigid ideas, and test scores
take precedence over open debates and logical reasoning. Little room is left for creativity to thrive.
Moreover, there are growing concerns about student learning outcomes, teacher training, curriculum
quality, assessment of learning achievements, and the efficacy of school management. Faced with such
problems, many children drop out of school before even completing five years of primary education.
Those children who do stay on often learn little.
Most resources and research are directed towards improving quantifiable factors such as enrolment,
dropout rates, teacher-to-student ratios, etc. while not enough has been done to examine the quality of
education given to India's children.
You are posted as a Sub Divisional Magistrate and are assigned to look after the problems of Education
System. What suggestions you would like to give in order to improve the education system?

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Hints:
Introduction:
 Education is important because it gives people the baseline skills to survive as adults in the world. These
skills include basic literacy and numeracy, as well as the ability to communicate, complete tasks, work
with others and financial stability.
 Since Independence, India is beset by serious problems with its education system and stands way
behind in comparison to other growing countries. Numerous research studies and surveys have
substantiated these problems and proved that immediate attention and action is required.
 The basic problem is India’s primitive system of learning. It is widely observed that students prefer
learning mechanically than getting imbibed with the concepts. These are further added by poor policy
design, weak administration and socioeconomic context such as lack of parental interest.
The possible suggestions available with the officer in above case are as follows:
 Spreading Awareness: S/He can search the opportunities and ways to make education attractive. S/He
can start with creating awareness regarding education by positively approaching masses with setting up
examples of learned men, their contribution to society, pictographic hoardings to attract attention and
creating a positive image regarding education in the minds of the people. This involves feeling of
sympathy and empathy towards masses.
 Upgrading infrastructure: S/He should check the proper utilization of funds allotted for developing
infrastructure. School buildings, classrooms, washrooms, chairs, desks, writing boards etc. should be
made available as per the proportion of students available. This shows officer’s duty bound sensible
approach in dealing with the problems.
 Mechanized Learning: Making education more attractive by incorporating modern mechanisms in
classroom such as Virtual classes, visual effect technology, using information technology (digital classes),
teaching with the help of modern electronic devices and other multimedia devices etc. which makes
children more attractive nowadays.
 Pedagogy improvement: Training to faculties, keeping faculties updated with the syllabus, new teaching
techniques and over punctuality should be strictly adhered. Faculties should be asked to devote
themselves with determination so that the better outcome may come. They should be provided incentives
for taking unique stand in making learning more attractive. More faculties with the features
of dexterity should be hired.
 However, apart from above measures, Regular supervision by the district administration along with
parental feedback in line with social audit should be done. Sometimes surprised checkup should also be
made in order to keep the system and teachers vigilant and present. Regular monitoring and inspection
will enable him to have a ground level assessment of the situation. The school can be made an attractive
destination for the students to go by ensuring effective implementation of government runs schemes such
as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Mid Day Meal, Schemes of vocational education, Reshtriya Madhyamik
Shiksha Abhiyan etc.
 The people should be made aware of the importance of education through regular visits. There should
be periodic training of teachers to make the learning creative. The syllabus should be designed to make
students creative and innovative learners rather than rote learners.

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Q.) Mr. Biswas is a civil servant in the PMO office. Lately there has been a lot of activity happening
around the present education policy and the right to education. Mr. Biswas gets an invitation from a
news channel to a debate on the issue. The news channel assures that it will be a non political
intellectual debate. The other invitees will be from other prominent field of education.
What should Mr. Biswas do? Whether he should express himself on a public platform or not being a civil
servant? Suggest Mr. Biswas a suitable action in this regard.
Hints:
Civil servants are an important part of policy making of the government. They are expected to maintain political
neutrality when it comes to expressing their opinions in public or on public platforms. They are debarred from
various public exercises in order to maintain neutrality in certain circumstances
Public servants should remain non-political, non-influential, and unbiased in all circumstances showing their
neutrality. The ethical principles involved in the above case are sensitivity of the issue which might turn into a
political debate, neutrality and bureaucratic responsibility.
Following are the various options with Mr. Biswas to consider upon:
Turning down the invitation: The civil servants are allowed to participate in all actions within the framework of civil
services conduct rules. By turning down the invitation he will save himself from engaging in a debate which might
turn political.
However, it will be against his right to freedom of expression. Being a civil servant doesn’t mean that he is not
allowed to express his opinion on any matter. It is his basic right to freedom of thought and speech.
Accepting the invitation and voice his thought: This will allow him to speak about his opinion on the subject with
other prominent experts on the subject.
The only demerit lies in the point is that it will be against the basic principles of civil services if the debate turns
into a political debate and he speaks something which code of conduct for civil servants does not allow him to.
Therefore, he needs to ensure that he maintains political neutrality during the whole show and doesn’t speak
anything which is critical of the government.
Taking advice from seniors: This will help him to get advice from his senior who might have faced similar
situation during their tenure. However, it is possible that they may not be able to advise him on the matter by
giving judgement that he should do what he feels is right.
In order to drive it and uplift the socio-economic status of the citizens, cooperation and careful coordination
between the political executive and bureaucrat is a sine qua non. For this to happen, civil service neutrality is a
must. Neutrality is also one of the foundational values of civil services.
In this case Mr. Biswas should assess about everything as civil servants are responsible for public interest in
maintaining the law and ensuring that proper procedures are followed. Mr. Biswas must not be entangled in any
political mudslinging or create any political division opinion.
He should refrain from making political comments or saying something which criticizes the government in any
way. In case if he decides to join, he should maintain utmost neutrality otherwise should turn down the invitation
if he is skeptical of the nature of debate.

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Syllabus mapping:
Probity in Governance: Concept of public

service

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Q.) You are posted as head of a district which is severely affected by water crisis. The situation has
worsened to the extent that it has disrupted the law and order. Presently a cricket tournament is going
on in the country matches for which are held all over the country. You get a call from the state cricket
association that a cricket match is to be held in your district. A good sum of money is offered for the
match. However, when you discuss the matter with your colleagues they suggest you to decline the offer
as the district is facing severe water scarcity and this would further add to the problem as a large volume
of water will be needed for irrigating the pitch. If you accept the offer, you would get a good sum of
money which would compensate for the amount that the water used for irrigating the pitch would cost.
Will you accept the offer? What are the options before you? Explain the merits and demerits of each
option. Also suggest what course of action will you take?
Answer:
It is the responsibility of the head of the district to ensure that he does not take any decision which further
worsens the water crisis. As the district is already impacted due to shortage of water, accepting the offer for
conducting the match will further add to the problem. This may further disrupt the law and order when water is
not available for meeting the basic necessities of life. The various options available before the head of the district
along with their merits and demerits are discusses as follows:
1. Accepting the offer for the match
This would enable the district to received funds which could be used to arrange for water for irrigating the pitch
and solve the problem of water crisis in the city. But, it is possible that this may further worsen the law and order
situation as people may turn violent that when district is undergoing such a severe water crisis, the administration
gave approval to a proposal which would consume large amount of water.
2. Rejecting the proposal at once
This would not further aggravate the problem when already there is shortage of water. But this would deprive the
district of the large amount of funds which it could have received through the match.
3. Seeking approval from state administration
Seeking help from state will enable him to reach at an experienced conclusion. The state might have experience
in handling such situations. Moreover, if he takes help from state authorities, if the situation further worsens, he
alone will not be held accountable for it.
4. Arranging for water for irrigation of pitch from other sources
Reused water could be used for irrigating the pitch. People should be told that district will ensure fresh water is
not used for irrigating the pitch and this would not affect the water available for the residents. This way people will
have faith in the district administration. This would also lead to reduced fresh water consumption along with
getting funds for the match.
5. Taking informed decision
A detailed report can be sought citing the exact amount of water needed in the match. Then water consumption
report should be prepared considering the volume of water needed by the residents. This would ensure that an

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informed decision is taken. But this would be time taking and the association may not like to give that much
amount of time.
The best course of action is to take an informed decision. He should conduct the water authorities in the district
to have an exact overview of the situation. A detailed report may be prepared after thorough analysis. The
permission for the match should be given only if it would not affect the law and order situation. Already used
water may be reused for irrigating the pitch. This would save the fresh water for other uses. Help can also be
sought from state administration on the issue. The funds gained from the match should be used to arrange for
water. Public should be made aware about the criticality of the situation and told to use water reasonably. It is
important to assure the public that the district administration is taking steps to solve the water crisis and a
solution to the problem would be reached at soon.
Source:(in light of challenges faced by civil servants while in service)
Case Study taken from: The burning issue of Cow Protectionism followed by Mob-lynching.
India is facing the burning issue of cow protectionism which is also witnessed by many self-appointed
“cow protectors” who have committed brutal attacks against Muslims and Dalits over rumors that they
sold, bought, or killed cows for beef.
You are a senior police investigation officer and from some sources you got to know that a social activist
involved in cow protection is smuggling cows in lure of money. While investigating you found that he is
in contact with various slaughtering houses where he used to supply cows.
He is a reputed activist and considered responsible and honest by other social activists which debars
him from being doubted by others of any malpractices. He used to take advantage of this trust of masses
on him and on the backdrop of it, he used to carry (transport) cows without any security problems. No
one from the security was questioning him for such movement due to his reputation.
1. There is a sure possibility of communal violence being fired upon his arrest which may trigger law
and order problems everywhere. How will you control this situation?
2. Considering the entire situation, what course of action do you think is possible? Justify your actions
with suitable measures.
Hints:
 The case involves the burning issues of cow protectionism and violation of business ethics. The social
activist has violated the trust of people, jeopardized security system and overall betrayed with his own
ethical and moral principles of being a social activist. In the above case where reputed social activist is
involved in cow trade, the investigating officer should gather all valid proof of his misconduct and make a
report out of this. His conduct should be assessed based on the fact that it is illegal or not. If illegal,
the police force should be made aware about possible danger of his arrest and should be asked to
remain ready for any action. The investigating officer should inform his bosses about the incident and
seek proper action.
 In order to make sure that the arrest of the social activist doesn’t lead to a tense situation, necessary
precautions need to be taken beforehand. The activist should be arrested and kept in secret place with
utmost security. The police officer should inform other reputed social activists about the grave issue by
showing them the finding report with proper evidence and seek their favour to take public into confidence.
 The media should be asked to maintain highest integrity in reporting and refraining from such news
which has the potentiality to escalate the violence. The snap of the report should be published in media.

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Hence, the general public should be taken in confidence by showing the evidences. The law and order
should properly be maintained and any sort of violence should be tackled with proper action.
 Making the public aware about the situation with necessary facts and proof is of utmost importance. His
real image should be brought in front of the people that how he has misused the trust which the people
have imposed on him by virtue of being a social activist. Presenting true facts before the public will
increase the faith of the people in police. Publishing report in media about Illegal trade, breaching public
trust etc will bring public confidence in law and order and may lower the protest and violence.
 In such cases, there lies a pressure on the police officer to overcome the anger and protest of the people
against judgments delivered against people who have a good image before the public. However, the
officer should make sure that he doesn’t let the public pressure deter himself from the duty he is
expected to perform. Hence, all pre-handed preparations must be made in order to maintain law and
order in the area. It is important that the officers in such cases act in smarter way to effectively deal with
the situation.
Case Study taken from: Lack of awareness affecting NREGA implementation: Centre
Mobilization and awareness are among the key components for successful implementation of any
welfare intervention especially in rural areas where literacy and exposure to media is often less as
compared to the urban areas. The recent study conducted on MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee Act) by a taskforce committee has found that people were often not aware
of the basic guidelines regarding Job card issue, unemployment allowance, worksite facility, social audit
and other legal entitlements.
You are a Block Development Officer (BDO) of a certain region where cases of fraudulent with the
MGNREGA workers are rampant. The contractors force the labourers to work extra hours with no extra
pay which are backed by the other government officials too. Often the contractors are found to exploit
the labourers. You actually want to help those labourers for getting their fair rights but there is risks
involved which may even cost your job and life.
What action(s) would you prefer the most which will prove worth for the labourers as well as yourself?
Hints:
 ∙For successful implementation of any scheme or programme it is necessary that people are aware about
the provisions of the scheme and are able to utilize the benefits of the provisions of the scheme. In the
above case, though the government has implemented the act to provide a guaranteed employment to
the people in rural areas, but, the reports highlight the workers are harassed by the contracted by forcing
them to work for extra hours and paying them less.
 ∙ The recent study conducted in the area highlights lack of people’s awareness about the basic
guidelinesof MGNREGA. The case present ethical issues such as failure to realize the vulnerabilities of
poor families in case of non-availability of work, pitiness, sympathy, empathy, responsibilities of
contractors, human rights violation etc.
 ∙ As a Block Development officer, the officer should arrange a seminar inviting prominent NGOs
working for labour welfare, contractors, leaders of the workers and some labourers to provide the people
or the workers a basic knowledge about the provisions of the act. This will ensure that the labourers are
not fooled by their contractors. They should be told about provision of minimum working hours, payment
to be made in case of overtime working hours, basic facilities which should be provided under the act to
the labourers at the worksite, etc.

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 The officer should have a discussion about problems related to labourers, contractors and other
impediments on the ground. The reason should be sought and final solution should be met. If there are
any nexus of illegal intensions, they should be dealt properly as per law.
 Working hours should be fixed for the labourers and the same should be properly informed to them.
Public hoardings should be placed in order to spread awareness among masses.
 One of the most common difficulties that the labourers face is regarding payment. The government has
come up with Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme which allows transferring the wages into the beneficiaries
account directly. This has proved worth and the same should be promoted in order to bring accountability
and reduce labourers’ exploitation. Workers should be made aware of this provision.
 ∙Proper and strict mechanisms should be devised for issuing Job Card and regular watch should be kept
on this. Proper crèches facilities should be made available for the children so that the parents can work
without any worry.
 Social audit should be performed in order to bring accountability, and to adhere the responsibilities of
contractors. Fund allocation for various projects is the duty and responsibility of the Block Development
officer. He can control the contractors by restricting fund allocation if contractors are found involved in
any sort of exploitative action on labourers or involved in any malpractices.
 Everything should be done in accordance with the law and order and a proper record of the same should
be maintained. Sensitizing the issue with increased general public awareness will help to a great extent
in solving the problems of the workers and for ensuring that the act is implemented effectively.
Q.) Manoj is the head of State RTO department where Sunil works as an officer in charge of clearing and
approving the vehicles paper.
Manoj’s friend Ankit works in a bank and notices that a portion of certain Mr. Mukesh’s pension is
deposited every month into an account of one Reshma who turns out to Be Sunil’s wife. He suspects
that the deposits are being made by a customer of Sunil and in return Sunil use to approve their papers.
Ankit informs Manoj about the same based on his suspicion.
Divulging the bank’s secret information from the bank, Ankit has commited a crime that too without
having any concrete evidence. During investigation, Manoj lands on Mr. Mukesh’s home and finds that
he is been hospitalized. He then turns to Sunil, upon which Sunil replies that Mr. Mukesh happens to be
his father in law and the money deposited is for an Old Age Home, which his wife Reshma owns and
runs.
Manoj suspects that the money deposited must be of fraud that’s why is being deposited by unknown
person(s). Manoj thinks of taking action based on his own investigation and mere suspicion.
What should he do? Explore various options available to Manoj with suitable explanation.
Hints:
∙ The above case is of mere suspicion that too without having any concrete evidence of any fraudulent
activities. Here the mere suspicion is that the money deposited is earned by illegal means. The suspicion
becomes strong with the fact that the old age home is being owned and run by Sunil’s wife and also the money is
being deposited by other perosn.
∙ Here the certain amount of pension is being donated to old age home based on Sympathy or might be as a
fees of staying in old age home. The relative(s) of the person(s) depositing money might be staying in old age
home and if not so, they might be donating certain sum to old age home. There may also be possibility that Sunil
might be doing fraud and would have been asking favour from customers for depositing money in return of their
paper approval.
This is a clear case of suspicion. Factoring the various evidences Manoj has following options available with him:

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1. Asking Sunil Directly: Manoj should ask directly Sunil to clear the doubt related to money deposited and
being diverted. Upon Sunil’s detailed reply, if the matter turns to be of fraud, Manoj should warn Sunil of such
fraudulent activities and ask him to stop such nuances immediately. This will instill some deterrence in Sunil if he
would be wrong.
∙ Asking favour in return of approving paper turns to be of asking donation which is morally and ethically
wrong as per organizational perspective. It implies that, if certain donation is made, the work can be approved
jeopardizing the organizational ethics and code of conduct.
∙ On the other hand, if Sunil is genuine, he should furnish all the relevant proof in-front to Manoj and prove his
genuineness. Sunil can ask his boss Manoj also for some donation for the welfare of old people and old age
home.
2. If Sunil proved to be wrong earlier and warned and continues to do the same, certain bold steps must be
taken by Manoj as per the rules and guidance of organisation. He should be suspended from the work and be
given a notice upon which he needs to reply on written.
∙ If further complication occurs, the matter should be referred to the personnel department for appropriate
inquiry and action. This will do justice to the organisation as well as professional ethics.
∙ The case also questions the ethical strand of Ankit who divulged confidentially data unofficially following a
thin strand of suspicion. A Bank divulging customer details is a grave folly, it is a breach of trust of customer on
part of bank authorities. Certain action also require on Ankit’s act which should also be taken into consideration
by the Bank. Such action puts the Bank’s reputation in jeopardy.

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Syllabus mapping:
Public/Civil service values and Ethics

in Public administration: Status and
problems

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Q.) India is a country of festivals and traditions. You are posted as DM of a district which attracts a large
number of pilgrims during the year specially on the day of a particular religious festival. Last year,
around 15 pilgrims died due to a stampede on that day as no pre-handed precautions were taken in case
the number of pilgrims exceeds than the expected. When it comes to handling the responsibility at such
religious places, the primary responsibility lies with the state of taking care of law and order and
ensuring safety and security of people assembling at these places. Present a brief plan of action which
must be put in place before such events.
Answer:
Today, the religious places have been important areas which witness a large crowd on
various occasions. So maintaining law and order and ensuring safety and security of people is important. The
organisers of such events should be more responsible and accountable.
The people who come to visit these places must be made to follow the rules and the authorities should make
fool-proof arrangement for every festive gathering which draws huge crowds. Preparation cannot simply be
perfunctory as it involves human lives. The devotees and visitors should also be made aware of basic
precautions before such major events which draw a huge number of people. Those involved in administration
must also ensure that pre-hand preparedness is carried out. There must be proper planning to ensure the
safety of people. The preparations which must be put into place to manage the celebration without any untoward
happening can be discussed as:
1. Every civil servant in bigger responsibility must learn fast about the demography, culture and tradition of the
particular region where s/he is posted.
2. A ready reference to calendar of events should be kept that may be happening according to according to the
culture and tradition of the area.
3. Before any event that takes place with high mass turn out, a plan should be prepared for (a) law and order (b)
transport and communication (c ) shelter and stay (d) safety and security (e) preparedness for accident, disaster
or any other untoward event.
4. Coordination between different government departments that may be involved for smooth celebration of
cultural or traditional event.
5. To understand the events or celebration being organized and make preparations better for them the authorities
in charge should involve the stake holders in advance and develop a system where the government agencies
and civil society work in tandem for success of the events.
6. Last but not the least; nothing should be permitted in the name of culture and
tradition which causes a big threat to life and property of the people.
http://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-stampede-at-sabarimala-temple-injures-25-4444685/

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Q.) You are posted as SDM in a tehsil. Your senior went on leave for 10 days and gave you responsibility
of the district. You are quite new to the job. Meanwhile when your senior was on leave, there occurred an
incident of communal violence in your district between two communities. The incident started with a
minor argument and then took a religious turn later on which lead to a major conflict between the two
communities. 5 people have died in this conflict. The news in media have further created fear among the
people. People are afraid of going out of their home. Your district is known for peace and harmony. What
will you do bring the communal tension down in such a situation? What are the various options
available before you? Discuss them with their merits and demerits.
Answer:
Media has an important role in such cases. The media should not give news that create panic among the people.
The district authorities should hold a press conference telling the people about the official stand of the
government and telling them that things are under control and there is nothing to worry about. This will calm the
things down. In the above case, restoring the confidence of the people and normalization of situation should
be top priority of the district administration. Hence following options are available before D.M.
1. If needed curfew can be imposed in few localities and sanitization of the entire town could be made. Trouble
makers from both communities should be rounded up and criminal cases under substantive sections be instituted.
This will restore the people's confidence. However there are chances that some ministers of the government may
put pressure not to arrest people as they might be worried about their vote bank.
2. Police and CRPF jawans may be requisitioned and told to put off lawlessness with heavy hands. Politicians
may politely be asked not to get into the matter and local police should be made free to act. The measure may
have a positive impact but CRPF may take action against people only on suspicious grounds and people may be
more panic and fearful.
3. Civil administration may concentrate on providing essential commodities during period. District administration
may also take up the task of relief and rehabilitation. Both communities will like these measures because they will
feel more safe in this situation.
4. District administration should prefer dialogue between two communities involving heads of two communities.
This might be a permanent solution of the problem. The only doubt is that miscreants might use this as
opportunity and might create new problems.
Deployment of army, police force etc may depend upon the gravity of the situation. Supplying the essential
commodities under supervision of administration will normalize the situation. Administration has to be harsh on
mischief mongers. Politicians of every political party should be politely but very firmly told not to get involved lest
they might face tough actions from administration. Media should be taken into confidence by having periodic
briefing. These measures will certainly improve the situation to a great extent.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-4665772/Communal-violence-reported-Bengal-s-Basirhat-
district.html

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Q.) You are a District Magistrate and also assigned the work of Returning Officer of a constituency where
by-election is being announced by election commission due to death of an MLA (who happened to be
the Chief Minister of the state). This constituency is very sensitive and high profile because of the
candidates contesting there.
As an officer your duty is to ensure free and fair election. You found that the voters are being influenced
by distributing money and gifts by the candidates and political parties. This all is being done with very
secrecy. The voters also seek benefits out of the elections in form of freebies and they don’t see this
distribution as illegal. However, use of money power in elections goes against the ethos of democracy.
You have been an upright officer all your life and want to ensure that elections are conducted fairly.
1. Considering the above facts what are the options available to you?
2. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option. Also choose the option which you consider best
with suitable justification.
Hints:
For the successful working of democracy in the country, it is necessary that the elections must be fair and free.
Voters should be able to cast their votes freely without any fear and according to their own choice. There should
be no coercion or allurement to make them vote for a particular candidate or party. Rigging in the elections
should be strictly checked. Use of money and muscle power should not let a candidate or party win the
election. In the above case, the various options available with the DM are as follows:
1. Seeking help from NGOs to make people aware: The local NGOs can be employed to go among the
people and have a ground level assessment of the situation. This will enable him to know the exact situation.
However, it is possible that the people may not give any report of the freebies that they have received in order to
vote for a particular candidate or party.
2. Requesting state government for additional force deployment: He should write to the state authorities for
deploying additional force in the area as the constituency is sensitive. It may also happen that on the day of
election, the parties may use wrong methods. The machinery should be equipped to deal with any such situation.
But it is a time taking step and may take a lot of time before sanction is received.
3. Constituting a committee to supervise the area: A group of experts or 4 5 people may be formed to go
between the people and have a timely review of the situation. This will enable him to monitor the situation
regularly. Also this will create a hesitation among the people for accepting gifts and money for voting for a
particular party.
4. Coordinating with other agencies: State Excise Department and Police authorities should be asked to
monitor production, distribution, sale and storage of liquor and other intoxicants as well as the movement of other
such items which have the tendency to lure the voters during the election process. He should ensure
coordination between other agencies which may be used to lure the voters.
5. Involving local leaders or young people in the area: The local leaders who have good repute among the
people in the constituency may be asked to lead the campaign as people may have faith on them. The people
need to be made aware of the basic ethos and principles of democracy.
The DM’s first priority should be to make people aware that accepting money or freebies for voting is
compromising on the basic tenets of the democracy. He should seek help from local NGOs and leaders to create
awareness among the people that they have a say in the democracy and they should not sell their vote for some
mere amount of money. On the day of election, he should be prepared to meet any ill incident which may happen
likely. Having regular monitoring of the situation is important. He should ask for additional force deployment from
the state authorities beforehand. Also, he should make sure that through various campaigns in the area involving
young people or local leaders, people are made to understand the democratic values. Strict action should be
taken against those who are found accused of using wrong means to win elections. Steps should also be taken
to instill political ethics among the candidates who are contesting elections.

08823831311
Syllabus mapping:
Laws, rules, regulations and conscience

as sources of ethical guidance

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Q.) You are hearing a case in court. The case is that of rash driving where a 16 year old boy has hit 3
people on road. Out of them, 1 person who was the only earning member in the family died on the spot.
The boy is the son of a reputed IAS officer in the city. At the time of accident, he had come from a party
and was drunk. The officer is one of your good friends. He asks you not to punish the child as this would
spoil his career and it was by mistake. He requests you that this judgement will have a big impact on the
career of his son. What are the ethical conflicts in the case? What are the various options before you?
Discuss them with their merits and demerits. Are moral and ethical values of parents and the upbringing
of children by them to be held responsible in such cases?
Answer:
The case involves dialemma for the judge to give judgement where the minor if punished may not get an
opportunity to rectify his mistake and to give justice to the people who were killed with no fault of their own. The
minor who was driving the car was seeking fun and in the road rage led to the death of innocent people.
The various ethical conflicts that arise in the case are as follows:
1. Judicial values and human values conflict

2. Not giving the punishment to the child and show empathy considering his future that lies ahead
3. Choosing between his duty and personal relationship with the father of the minor
4. Setting an example for such future cases and set a benchmark
5. Balancing the quantum of punishment between a major and minor
6. Empathy towards innocent families who lost their families
The various options available before the judge are as

1. Giving punishment to the child
This will send a good message in the society that no one can escape the law even if he is wealthy. The minor will
be punished for killing those innocent people. But, it will spoil the personal relations of the judge with the father of
the minor. But, overall it will be a good option considering the overall impact on the society.
2. Set him free for good reciprocatory relations with his father
This will maintain the good terms he maintains with his friend. Moreover, he can give the judgement on the
grounds that the child has a future ahead and he can not be punished severely as the accident has occurred
without any such intentions. But, then this step will lessen the faith of those poor people in the judicial system
who have come to seek justice for the innocent people who died in the accident.
3. Giving deterrent punishment
A moderate amount of punishment can be given. The minor should not be treated at par with someone who is
above 18 years of age. This will also act as a deterrent to the child in future to be careful while driving.
4. Announcing compensation for families affected
Though the loss of human life can not be compensated, but as a part of the judgement he should make the
officer pay for the loss that the poor families have suffered. This shows the empathy of the judge with the poor
families.

08823831311
5. Not take up the case citing conflict of interest
Since the judge has good relations with the father of the minor, he may ask the authorities that somebody else
may be asked to hear the case as he had personal interest involved in the case and he will not be able to do
justice due to conflict of interest. But then his friend might not like this as some new judge may award his son
with more punishment.
6. Fixing the accountability on the parents
In such cases, the moral responsibility can be fixed on the parents specially for the minors. Then the parents will
be more careful while giving the cars to their minor children. This will give a message to the society also.
In such cases, the moral and ethical responsibility also lies with the parents. They are also to be blamed for
not maintaining adequate precaution while allowing their car to be driven by a minor who is not entitled for a
license and also who caused death of innocent persons for fun or thrill. On moral ground such parents need to be
deterred from the tendency to allow their minor children to flaunt their power and wealth and find fun or thrill in
that even if it causes death of ordinary people. On moral grounds parents who spare their cars to their minor
sons or daughters must be held guilty, at least in cases where damage to life is done. If the minor is forgiven it is
likely to set a wrong precedent and send a wrong message that the wealthy can easily escape the punishment
even in criminal cases.
There is a need to bring an attitudinal change in such people who display the power of their wealth and power.
It is not an overnight process. It will take time. This can be brought by seeking parents’ control on their minors by
telling them what is right and what is wrong. This is likely to change the way they think and will help them to
realize the importance of life.
http://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-bmw-hit-and-run-man-gets-two-year-jail-term-4752538/
Case Study taken from: Hit and Run case by a Journalist in Madhya Pradesh.
Q.) You are an investigating officer in the State Government Police Department. It’s a rainy late night;
you are returning home by driving four wheeler from wine and dine party organised by the colleagues, a
bit over drunk with your female friend sitting next to you.
Suddenly, you realized that a scooty got thrashed by your vehicle and the person with scooty got landed
in a pit near by the road a 10-12 feet below. Realizing that, you suddenly rushed towards the person (a
girl) and found that she was severely injured with difficulties in breathing and senseless. You suddenly
took out your mobile to call for ambulance. As you were dialing the number you realized that the girl is
breathless and there in no sign of being her alive. You stopped dialing for ambulance.
Realizing that you will be booked for drunk driving which will cost on your reputation and more on the
reputation of your female friend sitting next to you, you left the dead body there and moved to your home.
You did not inform anyone about the incident.
Next morning the news was on headline of every news papers and the matter was referred to you for
investigation by your department.
Consider the following statements:
1. What are the options available to you and why?
2. What course of action should you think be better for ‘you’, for ‘ethical justice’, which will also save
you from moral harassment? Justify.

08823831311
Hints:
 ∙ The case involves personal and professional conflict for the officer where he has to choose between
saving his image and reputation and performing his duty of investigating a case failry that comes to him
for disposal. The officer was wrong at his part. He should not have been driving if he was drunk
excessively. This is a case is of complete violation of traffic rules and demands legal action against the
investigating officer.The officer committed two mistakes while driving, one he was drunk more than the
prescribed limit and second he allowed his female friend to sit on nearby seat while driving (in drunken
condition). He violated ethical principles like not obeying the common law, irresponsibly putting his and
his female friend’s life in danger and loosing self control. Also, another mistake committed by the officer
is that he didn’t call for ambulance even if the person injured had died. This is a civic duty and should be
followed by everyone on the road in case of casualties. He deviated from his moral responsibility of
calling ambulance or taking the injured to hospital.
The various options before the officer in this case can be discussed as:
 Admitting his mistake: He should admit that he is responsible for the accident and due to fear of his
reputation being damaged he did not call ambulance. This will reflect his high moral standards and will
save him from the guilt if he doesn’t admit his mistake. But it requires a strong heart to admit his mistake
seeing the circumstances before him.
 Giving himself a clean chit: He may take up the case for investigation and since he is heading the
investigation he can easily give himself a clean chit citing that he was not responsible. The findings of the
investigation can be manipulated being the head of the team. But this will be against the moral and
ethical principles of being an individual that his conscience allowed him to do so.
 Not investigating the case himself citing some reasons: In order to save himself from personal and
professional conflict that he is facing, he may cite some personal reasons for not being able to be a part
of the investigation team. This way he will save himself from all crisis. But then if the case is handled by
some other officer he may be punished.
 Seeking some senior’s or friend’s advice: This will help him to discuss the matter with someone and he
may seek their advice as to what he should do. This will make him feel lighter. But it is possible that they
may not be help him as to what he should do as they are not the person on table. He has to take a
decision as how he should handle the matter.
 Assuring the family of the girl monetary relief personally: He may go and meet the family of the girl
personally and give them some monetary relief as they have lost their child. He may also admit his
mistake before them and ask them not to ask for investigation as his reputation will be damaged. But the
life of any individual can not be valued in terms of money.
 The appropriate course of action in this case should be that the when the matter came to the officer for
investigation, he should admit that it happened by him only by mistakes without rounding the issue
towards anything. Misleading police, investigation and knowingly delaying the truth are also crime which
the officer should refrain from. This will increase the faith of general public and also of the office
colleagues in his dealing with honesty and integrity.
 He should explain the reasons for not calling ambulance because of fear of being caught for excessively
drunk and driving. He also did not want to put his female friend’s reputation in danger and escaped
leaving everything on the spot. Accepting the crime will also save him from moral harassment and ethical
attack on his mind. He should be ready to bear the punishment of his action without any influence. His
honesty and integrity towards dealing with the situation may also lower the amount of punishment.

08823831311
Syllabus Mapping:
Human values, tolerance, compassion,

compatibility etc.

08823831311
Case Study taken from: This couple was in a live-in relationship, what happened after 50 years will shock
you! (A news article)
An elderly couple has been living together from 50 years without being married to each other. The man is
now 80 and the woman Devi is 70. Both fell in love with each other at a young age. But back then the man
did not have enough money to marry his lady love.
Both took a decision not to marry but to stay together. The couple worked hard as daily wage labourers
and started saving money. Eventually, the couple had three sons and two daughters. Everything was
going fine with the family, and the couple was busy working and looking after the children.
They had almost forgotten that they were not married yet. Years passed, and then their children got
married. Even they have children now, thus technically they are grandparents.
1. According to Hindu context, marriage is considered to be an institution in itself. Is it ethically
wrong to stay together without marriage? Justify your arguments.
2. Is there anything wrong done by the couple for not marrying and staying together till the age of 80?
Justify your arguments.
Hints:
 The evolution of the concept of marriage is a difficult thing to trace. It is a practice that seems as old as
the human race itself. Marriage and family are closely associated with the being of each other. In the
Indian society, marriage is one of the deepest and most complex webs of human relations. It is
considered a unison of man and woman in a rite defined by social custom and law carrying with it specific
economic, sexual and child-care responsibilities.
 Tracing the roots in ancient India, marriage was considered necessary for the complete fulfillment of the
purpose of life of men and women. It was considered necessary for women due to the tradition, culture
and the complete economic dependence of women on men. The Indian society views marriage as a
relation which brings man and woman together in a legal relationship where they can have their legal
children who inherit them in all respects.
 Thus, according to the Hindu view of life, it is very necessary for a man and a woman to marry. Living
together without marriage, is be considered unethical which will take down the society’s culture and
peace. Indian society has not still accepted the modern values of the west which legalise live in
relationship. Live in relationship are looked down in the Indian society. Any relation before marriage is
considered a taboo in Indian society. Divorce or separating is also not accepted in society , people view
divorcees with low dignity.
 However on the legal context, the couple has not done anything wrong by choosing to live together
without marriage. Living together developed the mutual understanding between both which they have
spent together happily without any betrayal.
 This relationship gave emotional bindings which cannot be pressed upon by the society to mould into a
socially accepted unison unless and until the couple wants it to be. The freedom to choose what one
wants without the cringe of a moral and ethical question is the basic essence of a democratic country and
also to give full potential to human being to flourish.
 In the recent times there has been an increase in the number of people entering into live in relationship
especially among the youths employed in metro and large cities. In the above case, the couple though
has not made a wrong decision by staying together without marriage, but Indian society still doesn’t
legalise live in relationship or living together without marriage. Though the live in relationship does not
sync with the social fabric of Indian culture,there is a need to respect the decision of two consenting
adults to live together without tying knots,this is also legal as per the right to life under Article 21.

08823831311
Q.) A wordily incentive proves very worth in raising morale of the workers which ultimately results in
increased output of works. Two girls Komal and Ritika are working in a multi-national company and
assigned to complete a project together. Ritika had invested everything in terms of time, knowledge and
expertise. Komal also did a bit of work in the project. At the completion of the project, the boss gave
complete credit to Komal, when it was in fact her colleague who did most of the work.
1. Should Komal accept the praise nullifying Ritika? What moral principles are involved in this case?
2. What should Komal do and why? Suggest suitable course of action.
Hints:
Introduction:
Being praised often makes people feel good. Pride, pleasure and increased feelings of self-esteem are all
common reactions to receiving a compliment or positive feedback.
 In the above case, giving credit only to one person may make the other one who invested more in
terms of everything feel disappointed and discouraged. When the boss praises only someone who
was just involved in completing the project ignoring the person who put her best efforts in the project it
would be amounting to injustice for the one who puts in more efforts. It is not about nullifying Ritika’s
effort. It is about appropriately acknowledging the efforts of Komal who stood with her and made the
project a success.
 Failing to do so may result in reduced efforts and will-power for Komal which may affect her performance
in the company as a whole. Temptation, principles of honesty, team spirit, integrity and respect for one’s
colleague are some common ethical principles which can be considered in this case.
 However, on the other hand choosing to give complete credit to the one who did the most work (Ritika)
will downplay Komal’s effort and will paint a negative picture of her. It will make her look like someone
who is not needed and that Ritika could have solely completed the project. This will lower the team spirit
and willingness to work with edge.
 Hence, the boss should adopt a smart approach of praising to the entire team and giving honour and
respect which are two major things that must never be overdue. This will reflect boss’s ability to deal with
the emotions of the employees.
What should Komal do?
 Komal should make her boss aware that while everyone worked on the project, it was Ritika who
managed the bulk of the work. She should speak directly that the real person to get
acknowledgement for the work is Ritika and she should be praised instead of her. This will bring
mental satisfaction for Komal as well as to Ritika. This will also save Komal from facing emotional
and ethical on consequences along with reflecting maturity on her part that she does not accept
the things which do not belong to her.
 However, choosing to fight the urge to accept the kudos and acknowledging people for their time
and effort will go long way in assuring both quality and quantity of the work and for the institution
as well. It will encourage, motivate and fuel innovation to do things right. Integrity in work will touch new
heights. It will also encourage willingness and openness to do better every day in terms of performance

08823831311
Syllabus Mapping:
Corruption, tolerance, sympathy,

empathy, impartiality and non-
partisanship

08823831311
Case Study taken from: Recent Gorakhpur tragedy and findings of investigating team.
Q.) In a District Government Hospital there exists a powerful nexus among senior doctors, private
nursing homes, pharmacy and testing labs. The doctors mislead patients discouraging them from
availing the hospital’s medical facilities, making them opt for costly medicines, forcing them to get
medical tests done outside, and encouraging them to use private nursing homes.
You are appointed as the new Superintendent of the Hospital. After taking charge you discover that this
dirty game is going on in your hospital. You face pressure from your own people to allow this evil to
continue. There are hints given of huge rewards. You are new and have just begun your career. The fate
of the patients is in your hands. What are the various options available to you? Evaluate each of the
options and suggest what course of action will you take and why?
Hints:
 The issues of ethics and economic efficiency in the provisioning and delivery of services are complex in
the Indian context. The above case involves corrupt practices being practiced in hospital by its staffs and
most importantly doctors who are oftenly equated with Gods. This violates the ethical principles
of honesty, integrity, responsibility, code of conduct, morality and overall human rights etc.
The various options available before the superintendent in order to get things corrected can be discussed as:
 Becoming part of the game: Becoming part of it and let the status quo continue will imply the beginning
of moral and ethical decay. Misleading the people and manipulating them to create a demand and supply
route will bring bad names to the profession of medical care. Moreover, the question that arises is that
there is no need to do so when the hospital is in good state and is geared to provide for the medical
needs of the people both privileged and underprivileged.
 Taking advantage of opportunity: Making money is not bad, but making through illegal means by putting
someone’s life in danger or by violating others’ rights is ethically wrong. This action if chosen will be a
blow to great testimony of rising through the ranks and earning monetary benefits also. However, such
action will not encourage anyone to follow an honest path. This will also undermine the personal integrity
and diminish the moral value of serving people. This will make the superintendent equally guilty like other
persons.
 Calling official meeting of doctors as well as other staff members: This will be a positive step and may
work. However, there is no deterrence mechanism which overrules the possibility of ending nexus and
also has no certainty that doctors and other members will work properly.
 Dismissing entire nexus immediately: The option of dismissing nexus is a strong step but it will not be
easy. The process of dismissing will require time with proof and investigation. Also, by doing this
the Superintendent will put his life in danger and moreover it can backfire also. This step may prove
effective if awareness about the practice is brought into the light and the culprits are nabbed with
concrete proof. Also, it must be followed with measures and proper watchdog mechanisms to curb such
practices in future.
 The superintendent should understand that such nexus of illegal and corrupt practices does not develop
at any workplace in a single day. It is a result of long time. The nexus present among the hospital staff
and private clinics which has been continuing from long will require equally time to bring in order.
Through investigation and direful and stringent measures followed by stern actions against the involved
parties, the nexus can finally be uprooted completely. This will prove most effective action as it will bring
some sort of relief among poor masses if they get some subsidized healthcare. In long run it will certainly
lead to improved quality of service delivery.

08823831311
 Any corrective step no doubt will require courage. However, if taken, it will open the door of hope to
those who are struggling in the battle of commercialization of health services and products. Honesty and
moral ethics on the part of superintendent will bring relief to the grief stricken and the needy. The
credibility and reliability of the hospital and the government will increase among the masses. Money can
be directed towards doing something innovative for the betterment of the people. As a public servant, it
will set an example upon which many can look up in future.

08823831311

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TARGET MAINS SERIES | IAS 2017-18 | ETHICS

UPSC Ethics Syllabus Mapping and news/ editorial links

Note4students and detailed solutions (per UPSC

Emphasis on including 'ethics jargons and key terms' to

Mentor inputs from Dr. Vipin Garg

How to approach Case studies:

In these case studies:

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Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their

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3. Announcing compensation for the families of the affected:

4. Solving the root cause of the problem:

5. Taking preventive steps:

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Moral and political attitudes

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Source:(in light of rising number of debates about nationalism in the country)

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1. Having a body of experts to review the manifestos of the various parties

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Social influence and persuasion

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 Initiating a drive in the area in order to prevent such incidents in future.

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Ethics in private and public

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1) Devotion and dedication to professional duties.

 Resign from the job and look after your child.

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(i) Getting your child admitted in a crèche near your office.

The ethical conflicts that arise in above case are:

1. Personal interests vs abeyance to principles of public life

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Case Study taken from: Shootout in Mumbai Maharashtra.

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Case Study taken from: Case of Non-Maleficence in hospitals.

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Strengthening of ethical and moral

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However in some ways it will not make a difference because:

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Quality of service delivery

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2. Setting up a committee to enquire into the matter.

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